CN115997832A - Equipment production process for preparing large-dragon pearl tea from baical skullcap leaves - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device-based production process for preparing large dragon pearl tea by using baical skullcap root leaves, which mainly comprises the following steps: (1) Steaming fresh leaves of radix Scutellariae with multi-layer electric heating steam cooker until leaf tissue components are adhered and cured; (2) Fully kneading the steamed leaves by using a tea kneading machine until mucus is extruded and the leaves are bonded to form blocky tea mud; (3) Performing quantitative ball segmentation on the blocky tea mud by using a traditional Chinese medicine ball making machine, and preparing single ball blanks; (4) The single-pill ball embryo is subjected to ball shaping by using a roller drug roasting machine capable of forward and reverse feeding and discharging, and is dried to form tea balls at the same time: (5) And (5) sorting, quality inspection, packaging and storing the dried tea balls. The application of the technical process is beneficial to developing new types of the baical skullcap root tea and enriching the types of the baical skullcap root tea; is beneficial to improving the defects of severe cold property and diarrhea of the existing baikal skullcap root green tea; is beneficial to improving the tea culture grade of the baical skullcap root tea product; is beneficial to the modernization upgrading and the standardized management application of the production technology of the baical skullcap root tea.

Description

Equipment production process for preparing large-dragon pearl tea from baical skullcap leaves

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of manufacturing of substituted tea, in particular to the field of equipment production of scutellaria She Dalong bead tea.

Background

In the modern food category, tea substitute refers to a product of leaves, flowers, fruits (fruits), rhizomes, etc. of other edible plants not belonging to the genus theaceae, which is drunk like tea leaves (drunk by brewing, boiling, etc.). The common baical skullcap root tea used in northern people in China is one of typical substitute tea types, and has long application history and tradition. The original plant sources of the baikal skullcap root tea are the aerial parts of baikal skullcap root plants, including baikal skullcap root (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), baikal skullcap root (s. Scordifolia Fisch), baikal skullcap root (s. Viscodifolia Bunge) and the like, of the Labiatae, and the wild species resources thereof are still widely distributed in northern mountain areas and woodlands of China. In addition to wild resources, scutellaria baicalensis plants are widely cultivated artificially in China as Chinese medicinal materials (the Chinese medicinal materials use underground rhizome parts thereof). In recent years, the scutellaria baicalensis is also widely popularized and applied as a preferred variety for northern ecological forest grass planting and an excellent species for scenery construction of tourist flowers. Because the resources of the baikal skullcap root in the north of China are rich, the large-scale product development of baikal skullcap root tea commodity (local also called gold tea) is started in the places of inner Mongolia, hebei, beijing, shanxi, liaoning, heilongjiang and the like. Chinese traditional medicine practice proves that: the baical skullcap root tea has the special effects of clearing heat and drying dampness, purging pathogenic fire and removing toxin, diminishing inflammation, promoting digestion and the like; modern pharmacological researches show that the aerial parts of the baikal skullcap root contain various active ingredients such as baicalin and the like, and have the effects of liver protection, antipyresis, analgesia, antibiosis, antivirus, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, immunity enhancement and the like. With the advent of the large health age in China, the baical skullcap root tea is expected to develop into one of dominant varieties in the northern tea industry, and the research on the modern production technology process of the baical skullcap root tea and the improvement on the tea culture quality grade of the baical skullcap root tea product are important scientific subjects for boosting the development of the northern baical skullcap root tea industry in China.

At present, the technology for producing the baical skullcap root tea mainly comprises the following steps: (1) folk traditional process (mixing stem and leaf, cutting, and steaming to obtain loose broken tea); (2) the tea leaf rolling process is simulated (the baical skullcap root leaves are selected for steam fixation and then rolled to prepare a twisted strip-shaped tea product); (3) researchers have established a processing technology of the pearl tea of the young leaves of the scutellaria baicalensis (patent name: a processing technology of the pearl tea of the scutellaria baicalensis, application publication number CN 108850355A, applicant: beijing Xiujiu culture development Co., ltd.) and independently rolled and kneaded single young buds of the scutellaria baicalensis into a small ball. The product is classified into small bead tea type (or screw type) according to tea shape. Comparing the characteristics of the three technologies: the first technique is simple and convenient, belongs to the primary product, and leaves in tea soup are mixed with stems to float after the tea product is soaked, so that the tea soup has a rough quality; the second technology selects the most common tea kneading technology in the modern green tea production, the leaves are kneaded into long strip-shaped twisted filaments, but the dried long strip-shaped twisted filaments are fragile, the smell is lost when the dried long strip-shaped twisted filaments are preserved for a long time, the soaked tea soup is mixed with the leaves, and the tea soup phase still belongs to the general category; the third technique can knead each leaf (or each bud) into a pellet (i.e. small tea beads), thereby improving the quality of tea and tea soup and improving the culture grade of the baical skullcap root tea; however, the manufacturing method of hand lay beading is still adopted in the production of the technology, which is unfavorable for the application and standardized management of mechanical equipment in the production.

In addition, other techniques in the field of tea production are not applied to the production process of substitute tea, particularly baical skullcap root tea. Such as tea maturation (i.e. by adding a fermentation step to decompose part of the active ingredients in the tea and simultaneously produce new beneficial ingredients, thereby producing black tea or black tea). If the curing technology is applied to the baical skullcap root tea, the cold and diarrhea effects of the baical skullcap root tea can be reduced, and the baical skullcap root tea is more suitable for people with physical weakness. However, no research report has been made on the technology for preparing cured baikal skullcap root tea. For another example, the production technology of Dalong bead tea products (the dry weight of single tea balls is usually between 1 and 10g, and the number of leaf shreds or buds contained in each ball is usually between 10 and 500) in Pu' er tea has been widely applied, and can also be referred to the preparation of Baikal skullcap root tea to improve the quality of the Baikal skullcap root tea products and enrich the variety of the products. However, no research report is yet available on the technology of preparing large dragon pearl tea from baikal skullcap root leaves.

Based on the development and development progress of the baical skullcap root tea, the invention uses the curing technology and the large dragon bead production technology in the tea making field, fully utilizes the unique biological properties of the baical skullcap root leaves, innovates and develops a set of large dragon bead tea production technology special for the baical skullcap root tea, and further completes the corresponding matched process research under the equipment production condition. The general fermentation curing tea process comprises the following steps: fresh leaves or tender shoots, withering, rolling to destroy internal tissues and form tea threads, releasing tissue cell liquid, mixing self enzyme with self substrate to react, accumulating materials and controlling environmental conditions, performing self enzyme biological oxidation or exogenous bacterial enzyme fermentation, curing, mixing and packaging. In general, the conventional production process of the large-dragon bead tea comprises the following steps: fresh leaves or tender shoots, a conventional curled strip tea manufacturing process, finished dry tea shreds, quantitative weighing of the dry tea shreds, tea feeding, re-steaming, tea wrapping, tea kneading, knotting, shaping, re-drying and packaging. The invention innovates and reforms the two conventional processes. The key points of innovation include: (1) the method utilizes the characteristics that the fresh leaves of the baikal skullcap root are sticky in leaf tissue components and can be extruded among leaves to be sticky into tea mud under specific steaming conditions, the fresh leaves of the raw materials are directly kneaded and bonded into spherical embryo shapes after being steamed, the spherical embryo shapes are put into a roller dryer to be pelletized into big dragon beads along with the movement of the roller, and meanwhile, the spherical embryo shapes are dried and formed into spherical finished products. The step of preparing dry silk and then agglomerating balls is not needed; the drying process is also reduced from two to one; the tea ball making and the tea drying process are combined into one step, and are finished in one machine (a drum-type medicine dryer) at one time, so that the number of process links is reduced, and the energy consumption is saved; (2) the physical cooking and curing is utilized to replace the fermentation and curing link, so that the cold and leakage effects of the baikal skullcap root can be reduced, and meanwhile, the microbial pollution in the fermentation and curing can be avoided, thereby being beneficial to the sanitation guarantee of the product. (3) The whole process selects machine equipment, and links such as manual pan-firing, hand twisting, tea throwing, ball wrapping, ball kneading and the like are not used. Can realize standardized management and improve production efficiency.

The baical skullcap root She Dalong bead tea is a new product of substituted tea and is classified as leaf substituted tea. If the tea leaves are classified by using the classification standards, the tea leaves are often difficult to accurately classify. For example, green tea should be classified according to the standard classification of whether fermentation and curing are performed or not, and the product is not subjected to fermentation process; if the actual change of the degree of green and ripeness of the tea before and after the preparation and the characteristics of color, luster and taste presented by the tea tasting and tea soup are divided, the product is more similar to the characteristics of cured black tea; if the product is classified into the form of tea product, the product is classified into big bead tea and compressed tea. At present, only reports of loose tea type, green tea type and small bead tea type are available in the field of radix scutellariae tea research. The preparation technology of curing type, large bead type and compact type related in the invention is introduced for the first time in the preparation of the tea from the scutellaria baicalensis; the produced baical skullcap root tea product with the characteristics of curing, compression and big bead shape is an innovative product; the invention is further innovative by continuously converting the plurality of single technologies into a set of production process capable of realizing equipment production.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to improve the quality of the traditional radix scutellariae tea and meet the standard production management requirements, the invention utilizes the characteristic that the leaf tissue components of the radix scutellariae leaves are sticky under specific cooking conditions, and makes technical innovation on the basis of referencing the production process of the conventional Dalong pearl tea; and further applies the innovative technology to the equipment production process to form a set of complete equipment production process of the special large dragon pearl tea for the baical skullcap root tea.

The invention relates to a facility production process of scutellaria She Dalong bead tea, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: steaming fresh leaves of radix Scutellariae with multi-layer electric heating steam cooker until the leaf tissue components are adhered and cured.

Specifically, picked fresh leaves of scutellaria baicalensis are washed, drained, the leaves are loosely stacked on a steamer tray, the thickness of the steamer tray is 1-5 cm, the steamer tray is placed in a multi-layer electric heating steam pot, and the control condition range of the steam pot is as follows: the temperature is 100-110 ℃ and the pressure is 0.1-0.12 MPa, and the cooking time is 15-60 min. After cooking, not only the effect of deactivating enzyme and softening leaves is achieved, but also the special effect of adhering tissue components of the leaves is achieved. Taking out the food steamer after the steaming and boiling, cooling to normal temperature at room temperature, naturally volatilizing excessive water until the water content is 40-60%, and entering the next step.

Step 2: and fully kneading the steamed leaves by using a tea kneading machine until mucus is extruded and the leaves are bonded to form blocky tea mud.

Specifically, the baikal skullcap root leaf material in the last step is put into a tea kneading machine for kneading and extrusion, the thickness of the material in a charging basket of the tea kneading machine is 5-20 cm, and the kneading time is 10-20 min. Kneading is not only completed to roll the blades into curled filaments, but also to extrude mucus components so that the blades are kneaded into a large mud-like material-tea mud mass by mucus per se; meanwhile, the main framework structure of a single blade is destroyed because the blade cannot be excessively kneaded; it is desirable to ensure that the basic profile of the individual leaves is restored when the finished tea ball is brewed. Taking out the kneaded tea mud ball, and placing the tea mud ball into a tray at normal temperature, wherein the moisture content is kept at 35-55%.

Step 3: the tea mud ball is subjected to ball quantitative segmentation by using a traditional Chinese medicine ball making machine, and single ball embryo is prepared.

Specifically, the tea mud ball obtained in the last step is put into a traditional Chinese medicine pill making machine, and the tea mud ball is made into strips and the tea mud strips are quantitatively divided into ball blanks. The size of the ball embryo is reasonable, and the drying is difficult due to the overlarge ball embryo; too small can cause large ball making workload; the tea making amount suitable for one person should be used as reference. In the process, the diameters of the ball mould of the traditional Chinese medicine ball making machine are four specifications: (1) 10+/-2 mm (dried tea ball weight after finished product is 0.5+/-0.1 g, and leaf number is 25+/-5); (2) 15mm + -2 mm (dried tea ball weight after finished product 1.5 + -0.2 g, leaf number 75 + -10), 3 ± 20mm + -2 mm (dried tea ball weight after finished product 4 + -0.2 g, leaf number 100 + -20), 4 ± 25mm + -2 mm (dried tea ball weight after finished product 8 + -0.2 g, leaf number 400 + -50). The single pill ball embryo is placed for 1 to 4 hours at normal temperature, and the superfluous water on the surface part is removed for standby.

Step 4: and (3) performing pelletization shaping on the single-pellet embryo by using a roller drug roasting machine capable of forward and reverse feeding and discharging, and simultaneously drying to obtain the tea ball.

Specifically, the single pill ball embryo in the last step is put into a roller drug frying machine capable of forward reversing, feeding and discharging. The rolling action of the roller drug frying machine ensures that the soft spherical embryo is further rounded and spherical photochemical; the drying function of the roller drug frying machine ensures that the round pills are shaped into a round ball state when losing water. The parameter conditions of the roller drug frying machine are that: the temperature of the outer wall of the metal drying cylinder is kept at 60-90 ℃; the rotating speed is 0.25-4 rpm; and after feeding, keeping forward rotation for 10-30 min. And (3) finishing pellet shaping and preliminary drying of the single pellet embryo under the conditions, and converting the switch into inverted discharging. At this point, the outer surface of the pellet has been dried to a moisture level below 10%, but the pellet core moisture remains above 20%. The discharged pellets are required to be subjected to internal and external water balance for 6-12 hours at room temperature. Then putting the tea balls into a roller drug frying machine again, drying for 1-2 hours again, wherein the drying conditions are the same as the previous drying conditions, the internal humidity and the external humidity of the tea balls after the secondary drying are basically consistent, the average water content is below 10%, and entering the next step.

Step 5: and (5) sorting, quality inspection, packaging and storing the dried tea balls.

Specifically, the dried single tea balls in the previous step are selected, and broken tea balls are picked; and (5) carrying out single-ball packaging or multi-requirement packaging if the product is qualified.

By means of the scheme, the invention has at least the following advantages:

(1) is favorable for developing new types of the baical skullcap root tea and enriching the types of the baical skullcap root tea. For example, the varieties of Dalong bead type tea, cured type tea and compressed type tea in the field of baical skullcap root tea are increased. (2) Is beneficial to improving the defects of severe cold property and diarrhea of the existing radix scutellariae green tea, and is more suitable for the deficiency people. (3) The tea culture grade of the baical skullcap root tea product is improved, and the requirements of high-end markets on the refined baical skullcap root tea product are met. (4) Is beneficial to the modernization upgrading and the standardized management application of the production technology of the baical skullcap root tea.

The foregoing description is only a general overview of the present invention, and is intended to provide a more clear understanding of the technical process of the present invention, and is to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the specification, as follows, in accordance with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, as well as with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a facility production process of the scutellaria She Dalong bead tea.

Detailed Description

The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Referring to fig. 1, a facility production process of baikal skullcap root She Dalong bead tea comprises:

step 1: steaming fresh leaves of radix Scutellariae with multi-layer electric heating steam cooker until the leaf tissue components are adhered and cured.

Specifically, 5kg of picked fresh leaves of scutellaria baicalensis are washed, drained, the leaves are loosely stacked on a steamer drawer (the steamer drawer is a stainless steel bottom-layer perforated tray with the length of 60cm, the width of 50cm and the height of 5 cm), the thickness of the materials is 5cm, the weight of the materials in a single tray is 0.5kg, and the materials are split into 10 steamer trays. The steamer tray is arranged in a multi-layer electric heating steamer (12 layers of steamer tray type equipment is selected, 12kW,380V and the input steam pressure is 0.02 MPa). The control condition range of the steam pot is as follows: the temperature is 100 ℃, the steam pressure is normal pressure, and the cooking time is 20min. Taking out the food steamer after the steaming is completed, cooling at room temperature, and naturally volatilizing excessive water for 30min, wherein the water content of the material is 52%.

Step 2: and fully kneading the steamed leaves by using a tea kneading machine until mucus is extruded and the leaves are bonded to form blocky tea mud.

Specifically, the baikal skullcap leaf material in the last step is put into a material barrel (cylindrical barrel with the diameter of 22cm multiplied by the height of 16 cm) for kneading tea, the thickness of the material is 8cm when the material is packed, and the material loading amount is 1.2kg. The kneading time is 15min. The main body in the material becomes a tea mud ball, weighing 1.1kg, and the rest 0.1kg is a scattered non-agglomerated material, remaining in the rolling chassis, taking out the agglomerated material, and placing the agglomerated material in a tray at normal temperature, wherein the moisture content of the material (tea mud ball) is 48%.

Step 3: the tea mud ball is subjected to ball quantitative segmentation by using a traditional Chinese medicine ball making machine, and single ball embryo is prepared.

Specifically, about 70g of tea mud is separated from 1.1kg of tea mud ball in the last step and put on a strip-making chopping board (the strip-making chopping board specification is that the length is 40cm, the width is 30cm, the strip-making gap is 1.5 cm) of a traditional Chinese medicine pill-making machine, and tea mud strips with the diameter of 1.5cm and the length of about 35cm are rubbed out. Then the tea mud strips are placed on a ball-making chopping board (the diameter of a ball mould of the ball-making chopping board is 1.5 cm) of a traditional Chinese medicine ball-making machine, and 20 ball blanks with the diameter of 1.5cm are cut. The average weight of the wet spherical embryo is 3g, and the water content is 46%. Repeating the process of manufacturing the ball embryo to finish the ball embryo manufacturing of all materials.

Step 4: and (3) performing pelletization shaping on the single-pellet embryo by using a roller drug roasting machine capable of forward and reverse feeding and discharging, and simultaneously drying to obtain the tea ball.

Specifically, the single pill ball embryo in the last step is put into a roller drug frying machine capable of forward reversing, feeding and discharging. The parameter conditions of the roller drug frying machine are as follows: the temperature of the outer wall of the metal drying cylinder is kept at 80 ℃; the rotating speed is 1 revolution/minute; and after feeding, keeping forward rotation for 20min. And (5) reversing the discharge. At this time, the outer surface of the pellet was dried, the moisture was below 9%, and the pellet core humidity was 22%. The discharged pellets were left at room temperature and subjected to internal and external water balance for 6 hours. Then putting the mixture into a roller drug frying machine again, drying for 2 hours again, wherein the drying conditions are the same as the previous, and after the secondary drying, the average water content reaches 10%, and then entering the next step.

Step 5: and (5) sorting, quality inspection, packaging and storing the dried tea balls.

Specifically, the dried single tea balls in the previous step are selected, and broken balls are picked; and (5) carrying out single-ball packaging or multi-ball packaging if the product is qualified.

Claims (3)

1. An equipment production process for preparing large-dragon pearl tea by using baical skullcap leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: steaming fresh leaves of radix Scutellariae with multi-layer electric heating steam cooker until the leaf tissue components are adhered and cured.

Step 2: and fully kneading the steamed leaves by using a tea kneading machine until mucus is extruded and the leaves are bonded to form blocky tea mud.

Step 3: the blocky tea mud is subjected to quantitative ball segmentation by a traditional Chinese medicine ball making machine, and single ball embryo is prepared.

Step 4: and (3) performing pelletization shaping on the single-pellet embryo by using a roller drug roasting machine capable of forward and reverse feeding and discharging, and simultaneously drying to obtain the tea ball.

Step 5: and (5) sorting, quality inspection, packaging and storing the dried tea balls.

2. The process for producing the large dragon bead tea by using the baical skullcap root leaf preparation equipment according to claim 2, wherein the steamed leaves are fully kneaded by a tea kneading machine to be extruded from mucus and are adhered to form blocky tea mud. The technical characteristics are different from other kneading technology after steaming the baical skullcap root tea, and in the technology, the front-stage technology adopts a mode of fully steaming and curing and achieving the adhesion of the leaves, so that the tea kneading machine can achieve the effect of extruding the mucus of the leaves and bonding the leaves into blocky tea mud when kneading the steamed leaves. The link technology is also a precondition for forming a tea ball embryo in the later-stage working procedure, thus being a remarkable characteristic of the technology.

3. The equipment production process for preparing large-scale long-ball tea from baical skullcap leaves according to claim 4, which is characterized in that a roller drug frying machine capable of reversing forward and backward and feeding and discharging is utilized to carry out pelletization shaping on single-ball embryos and simultaneously dry the single-ball embryos into tea balls. The two processes of the pelletization and the shaping of the baikal skullcap root tea ball and the drying of the tea ball are finished at one time in the same equipment (a roller medicine frying machine), so that the production process of the large dragon pearl tea is simplified, the production energy consumption is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

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