CN1159909A - 无关节假足 - Google Patents

无关节假足 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1159909A
CN1159909A CN97101002A CN97101002A CN1159909A CN 1159909 A CN1159909 A CN 1159909A CN 97101002 A CN97101002 A CN 97101002A CN 97101002 A CN97101002 A CN 97101002A CN 1159909 A CN1159909 A CN 1159909A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
leaf spring
pseudopod
mentioned
foot insert
foot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN97101002A
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English (en)
Other versions
CN1169498C (zh
Inventor
皮埃尔·马丁
皮埃尔·沙布洛兹
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Otto Bock Orthopadische Industrie KG
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Otto Bock Orthopadische Industrie KG
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Publication of CN1159909A publication Critical patent/CN1159909A/zh
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Publication of CN1169498C publication Critical patent/CN1169498C/zh
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    • A61F2220/005—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements using adhesives
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    • A61F2220/0075—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements sutured, ligatured or stitched, retained or tied with a rope, string, thread, wire or cable
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Abstract

一种具有一个弹簧式弹性的足嵌入件的无关节假足。为了使行走时更加舒适，建议足嵌入件由平放着的带有一根水平的圆柱体轴线和在后面的轴向缝的管状圆柱段构成，其中，下部C形臂固定在一个经足嵌入件向前伸出的板簧后端部上，而上部C形区配备有一个足转接器，用于与假腿可拆式地连接。

Description

无关节假足
本发明涉及一种用于假腿的无关节假足，它有一个装在足成型件内部的弹簧式弹性的足嵌入件，嵌入件设计为在纵剖面中近似于C形和有向后的开口，并以其上部C形臂承受假肢的负荷，而经由其下部C形臂将假肢负荷传给与之连接的板簧，板簧大体平行于足底区地从足嵌入件向前伸出，并以其前端一直伸入足尖区内。
第一个方案建议为假足设一个刚性的例如木制的结构，以后在结构上装一个关节，以便起踝骨的作用。接着的进一步发展中已经设有一个弹簧弹性的由板簧组成的足嵌入件，它用泡沫材料包裹(见例如US-A-4959073)。
DE4038063C2公开了一种无关节的假足，它带有一个设计为整体式的至少可以足底和足背弯曲以及轴向压缩的足嵌入件，在足的纵剖面中该足嵌入件具有近似于S形的结构。上臂与一个肯定成钝角相交的倾斜臂构成一个总体上刚性的角形件，在它的下端连接着一个板簧状的中部臂，在此中部臂的后端通过一个大体为半圆形的臂连接件与下臂连接。其中，刚性角形件的下端向前一直延伸到坚韧的底关节(Grundgelenke)区内。
FR-A1-2640499公开了本文开始所介绍的那种无关节假足，其中，大体设计为C形的足嵌入件中部，大约位于足底沿纵向的前部三分之一处，而上部C形臂构成与假腿的连接装置。此C形的足嵌入件起弹簧的作用，这一弹簧的作用通过置于两个C形臂之间弹簧弹性的缓冲垫补充，以便在足着地时获得一定的柔韧性。但是实际情况表明，这种假足也不能有自然的行走过程。
此外，德国实用新型G9315665.0公开了一种类似的无关节假足。其中，泡沫塑料的足成型件设有金属的支撑件，它由U形的型材构成，它的各个臂在受负荷时可弹性地彼此运动。臂的出口端具有朝它们的自由端方向逐渐减小的材料厚度，而臂端加厚。在下部U形臂的自由端用螺钉与板簧连接，而上部U形臂与腿连接件的安装座连接。板簧可用碳纤维或钛制造。在U形的自由臂之间的空腔内填满柔软的聚氨酯泡沫。此弹簧构件应允许足的运动按Pro-Subination的方式绕足的纵轴线进行和有自然的运动过程。
本发明的目的是，在脚后跟着地时的减震、弹性、展开和侧向稳定性方面，对本文开头所述形式的无关节假足进行改进，使带假肢者能自然地行走，在这种情况下，带假肢者应既能正常步行，也能作体育锻练和运动。
本发明的目的是通过下列特征来实现的：
(a)足嵌入件基本上由平放着的管状圆柱段构成，它有一根水平的圆柱体轴线，以及有一个轴向缝，用于形成后部开口；
(b)板簧的下侧面在足嵌入件与板簧自由端之间基本上设计为凸的；
(c)板簧的上侧面在其后端区形成一个鞍座，用于支承地安装和固定足嵌入件下部C形臂的一部分；
(d)上部C形臂配备有一个足转接器，用于与假腿可拆式地连接。
板簧的鞍座朝它的后端方向圆弧状向上提升是合乎目的的，其中足嵌入件最好可拆式地固定在此鞍座上。这一固定可通过螺栓或夹紧装置实现。其中重要的是，此连接装置位于通过圆柱体轴线的垂线后面有一个内部净距离处。因此，在连接装置所在位置的前面，在下部C形臂的前段与在它下方的板簧之间，形成了一个朝连接装置所在位置方向收缩的楔形间距。如此形成的弹性区对于达到一种自然地运动过程有着重要的贡献。
下面借助于实施例并结合本发明的其他优点作详细的说明，附图中：
图1为无关节假足沿假肢矢状面的纵剖面；
图2为沿图1中线II-II简化示出并缩小很多的剖面视图；
图3为以缩小的比例对图1所示足嵌入件的俯视图；
图4为图3所示的足嵌入件改变后的实施形式；
图5为图1所示一种无关节假足的实施例变型。
图1所示的无关节假足有一个用适宜的材料制造的美化用的护套1，它确定了一个踝骨区2、一个足尖区3、一个足跟区4和一个足底区5。
此外还设有一个板簧10，它大体平行于足底区5地延伸，并以其前端12一直伸入足尖区3内。板簧10可由不同的材料制造，最好采用在聚合物树脂的基体中经浸渍的玻璃纤维。板簧10最好有非对称的形状，并与带有一纵轴线AA′的左足或右足的构型相匹配，纵轴线AA′位于图1中表示的矢状面中。当然，原则上也可以将板簧10设计成一种相对于轴线AA′对称的结构。板簧10的下侧面10a沿板簧10大部分长度设计为凸的，此时，曲率由在图1中所画的具有恒定中心O的曲线半径R表示，或由这样的半径与可移动的中心的组合给出。
在图1和2所示的两种实施例中，板簧10设有一个后突出部11，由此突出部11出发，板簧10的厚度朝它的前端12方向均匀地减小。该后突出部11形成一个止挡13，并向前过渡成一个鞍座14，鞍座14由板簧10的上侧面10b确定，并具有一个曲率，这一曲率可以用一个中心为O′的圆段来表示。在鞍座14所在区内，板簧10有近似于恒定的厚度，只是在鞍座14之前才开始朝着板簧前端12的方向减小厚度。
除板簧10之外，假足还有一个足嵌入件20，它放在鞍座14上并与之可拆式地连接。足嵌入件20主要由一个用复合材料制造的圆柱段21组成，这种复合材料保证强度、弹性和小的比重。这种材料可由在聚合物合成树脂基体中埋入的玻璃纤维组成。圆柱段21确定了一根圆柱体轴线O′，圆柱段21有基本上恒定的壁厚，在后侧制有一个按比例的、宽的轴向缝22，由于这一轴向缝22，使圆柱段21在横剖面中看，大体为向后开口的C的形状，它由一个上部的沿角度区α延伸的上部C形臂23、一个下部的沿角度区β延伸的下部C形臂24、以及一个将这两部分互相连接本身沿角度区γ延伸的接片25组成。
按照此实施例，圆柱段21在鞍座14上的固定通过螺栓26，螺栓布置为使它的螺栓轴线15与圆柱段21的由圆柱体轴线O′确定的中点相交。此外，由图1还可看出，通过螺栓26确定的圆柱段21与板簧10鞍座14的连接装置，安排成相对于通过O′延伸的垂线D向后错移一个角度θ，在这种情况下角度θ最好在35°和45°之间，但最好为40°。显然，这样一来圆柱段21和板簧10的连接位置，相对于垂线D明显地向后移置，因此按本发明的这一方案与所有先知的实施形式有根本的区别。在这种情况下合乎目的的是，当假足平放在一个近似于水平的支承面PP′上时，由圆柱段21下部C形臂24的自由端24′和由圆柱段21的圆柱体轴线O′构成的公共平面，大体处于水平位置。上部C形臂23与一个转接器30连接，在图1所示的实施例中转接器30有一个管状延伸段31，它确定了小腿或胫骨。转接器30通过接头32支承在上部C形臂23的外圆周上，并可用螺栓33相对于此上部C形臂23固定，螺栓33穿过一个支靠在上部C形臂23下侧的支承楔34，以及穿过一个制在上部C形臂23中沿其周向延伸的长形孔35，拧在管状接套36的底面中。后者为了它的定心，通过一个圆柱形凸肩37，插入转接器接头32上侧的一个相应槽38中。松开螺栓33后，转接器接头32可在角度区f1的范围内相对于上部C形臂23移动，并在所希望的位置下通过拧紧螺栓33固定。此外通过松开螺栓33，在转接器接头32与上部C形臂23之间总是会形成一定的活动空隙。因此，在假足上甚至可以在管状接套36与转接器接头32之间的垂线D上进行方位角调整。总之，足转接器30的这种设计，允许假肢的足尖(Spitzfuβ)或跗骨(Sprungbein)调整，以及通过上述方位角的调整允许作侧凸(O姿态)或侧凹(X姿态)的关节调节。除此之外，在拧紧螺栓33时，足转接器30的所有主要部分，都被固定在上部C形臂23上面的一个位置上。
由图1还可看出，下部C形臂24的自由边缘24′还设有一个防冲击的减震器40，它应与上部C形臂的自由边23′配合作用，这发生在圆柱段21受到相应负荷的情况下。
在按图1的实施例中，圆柱段21的轴向缝22，被一个搭扣50搭接，搭扣50将两个C形臂23、24在与接片25相对的那一侧相互连接起来。搭扣50例如可以是一个料带，它主要用来防止这两个C形臂23，24过分分开。
在按图1的实施例中，板簧10在其下侧面10a配备有一个足尖底垫60和一个脚后跟楔形垫块61，例如通过粘结。在这种情况下，脚后跟楔形垫块61最好适配成与板簧10的后端13齐平，以便在这里获得有效的固定，并与此同时形成板簧后端13的支承装置。
上面所介绍的假足特别容易制造，并能自然地行走，其中，通过将圆柱段21向后移置地固定在板簧10后部上，对弹簧式弹性特性带来了积极的影响。经由脚后跟楔形垫块61或美化护套1的脚后跟的压力，使得圆柱段21压缩，因此轴向缝22部分地或全部闭合。其结果是使假肢结构绕一根轴线下沉，这一轴线位于生理学的踝骨轴线附近；在按图1的实施例中这根轴线表示为圆柱轴线O′。因此形成自然的着地，从而能柔和地行走，因此尤其便于向下走的运动，以及，当足在放上脚后跟之后完全着地和展开时保证自然地进行由脚后跟到脚趾的滚动前进。这些彼此相继的阶段通过板簧10的作用变得更加协调，它的大的长度和沿展开方向较小的曲率有利于产生弹性变形，并将弹性变形从足底移到支承面上，使正在步行的人的重量移动受到弹性缓冲。一当伸直阶段(Streckphase)结束，在板簧10的高度上又开始从脚后跟到脚趾的滚动阶段(Abrollphase)，板簧10在前进过程中松开压缩。这一松驰导致释放通过圆柱段21储存的能量，并接着与板簧的反作用相结合，以便以唯一的板簧的弹性反作用结束以及张紧搭扣50。这种彼此相继的弹性反作用的组合，使行走变得柔和和轻松，这非常接近于自然行走。
结构的细节如板簧10的长度和厚度、圆柱段21的材料厚度和直径、以及圆柱段21的轴向缝22的尺寸，由专家根据有关的假肢携带者尤其是他的重量确定。
圆柱段21由于其轴向缝22的弹性变形能力，使上部C形臂23可相对于接片25或下部C形臂24作相对转动，所以例如在前进运动时，使足可以绕腿的轴线作转动运动。
为了有助于这种运动，圆柱段21可按图4设计。在那里，在侧视图中看，足嵌入件20的两个端面C1，C2镜面对称地相对于圆柱体轴线O′倾斜，并沿径向向外会聚，所以上部C形臂23设计得比安装在鞍座14上的下部C形臂24要窄。
在按图5的经改型的实施例中，足尖底垫60和脚后跟垫块61由护套1′直接形成，它围绕着一个空腔70，空腔70内既装有板簧10又装有圆柱段21。后者相对于护套1′有一个内部净距，在圆柱段21变形和/或它的上部C形臂23转动时，这一间距防止任何在踝骨区2′上的接触或摩擦。在这一实施例中，护套1′还构成了足底80，它将足尖底垫60与脚后跟楔形垫块61连接起来。由图5还可看出，板簧10的前端12伸到由美化用的护套1′围绕着的空腔70的前部滑动段81中，并使得在板簧端12与美化的护套1′之间还留有一个滑动区。
美化的护套1′的脚后跟楔形垫块61通过一个只是示意表示的固定件82与板簧10的后端13连接成，使护套1′不能沿矢状面相对于板簧10进行相对滑动。
本发明不限于图中所表示的和前面已介绍的实施例；可以作出各种各样的修改，与此同时不超越本发明的范围。

Claims (24)

1、一种用于假腿的无关节假足，它有一个装在足成型件内部(1，2，3，4)内部的弹簧式弹性的足嵌入件(20)，嵌入件(20)设计为在纵剖面中接近于C形和有向后的开口(22)，并以其上部C形臂(23)承受假肢的负荷，而经由其下部C形臂(24)将假肢负荷传给与之连接的板簧(10)，板簧(10)大体平行于足底区(5)地从足嵌入件(20)向前伸出，并以其前端(12)一直伸入足尖区(3)内，其特征在于：
(a)足嵌入件(20)基本上由平放着的管状圆柱段(21)构成，它有一根水平的圆柱体轴线(O′)，以及有一个轴向缝，用于形成上述的后部开口(22)；
(b)板簧(10)的下侧面(10a)在足嵌入件(20)与板簧自由端(12)之间基本上设计为凸的；
(c)板簧(10)的上侧面(10b)在其后端区形成一个鞍座(14)，用于支承地安装和固定足嵌入件下部C形臂(24)的一部分；
(d)上部C形臂(23)配备有一个足转接器(30)，用于与假腿可拆式地连接。
2、按照权利要求1所述的假足，其特征在于：板簧(10)的鞍座(14)朝它的后端(13)方向圆弧状向上提升。
3、按照权利要求1或2所述的假足，其特征在于：足嵌入件(20)可拆式地固定在板簧(10)的鞍座(14)上。
4、按照权利要求3所述的假足，其特征在于：圆柱段(21)下部C形臂(24)在板簧(10)鞍座(14)上的固定通过螺栓(26)或夹紧连接装置实现，螺栓或夹紧连接装置位于通过圆柱体轴线(O′)的垂线(D)后面具有距离(θ)处。
5、按照权利要求4所述的假足，其特征在于：在采用螺栓(26)时，它的螺栓轴线(15)与通过圆柱体轴线(O′)的垂线(D)相交成约40°的夹角(θ)。
6、按照上述任一项权利要求所述的假足，其特征在于：在一个近似于水平的支承面(PP′)上平放着假足时，由足嵌入件(20)下部C形臂(24)的自由端(24′)和足嵌入件(20)的圆柱体轴线(O′)构成的公共平面大体处于水平位置。
7、按照上述任一项权利要求所述的假足，其特征在于：足嵌入件(20)具有恒定的壁厚。
8、按照上述任一项权利要求所述的假足，其特征在于：板簧(10)有不同厚度和/或宽度的部分。
9、按照上述任一项权利要求所述的假足，其特征在于：足嵌入件(20)的两个端面(C1，C2)在侧视图中看相对于圆柱体轴线(O′)倾斜地处于镜象对称，并沿径向向外会聚，所以上部C形臂(23)比装在鞍座(14)上的下部C形臂(24)窄。
10、按照权利要求1至8中任一项所述的假足，其特征在于：足嵌入件(20)的两个端面(C1，C2)平行地相对于圆柱体轴线(O′)倾斜。
11、按照上述任一项权利要求所述的假足，其特征在于：上部C形臂(23)在足转接器(30)前面的部分设计得较窄。
12、按照上述任一项权利要求所述的假足，其特征在于：有一个搭接在圆柱段(21)的轴向缝(22)上将两个C形臂(23，24)互相连接起来的搭扣(50)。
13、按照上述任一项权利要求所述的假足，其特征在于：在轴向缝(22)的所在区内设有一个减震器(40)。
14、按照上述任一项权利要求所述的假足，其特征在于：足转接器(30)可相对于足嵌入件(20)的上部C形臂(23)沿周向(f1)调整，并可在所希望的位置固定在上部C形臂(23)上。
15、按照上述任一项权利要求所述的假足，其特征在于：足转接器(30)可相对于足嵌入件(20)沿径向调整。
16、按照上述任一项权利要求所述的假足，其特征在于：足转接器(30)可绕垂直轴线(D)相对于足嵌入件(20)转动，并可固定在所希望的位置。
17、按照上述任一项权利要求所述的假足，其特征在于：必要时设计为分成几部分的足转接器(30)在足嵌入件(20)上的固定通过螺栓(33)实现，螺栓(33)相对于圆柱段(21)定位为径向，以及，相对于足的长度位于在板簧(10)上的足嵌入件(20)固定装置(26)前面一距离处。
18、按照权利要求17所述的假足，其特征在于：螺栓(33)穿过在上部C形臂(23)中的一个沿周向延伸的长孔(35)。
19、按照上述任一项权利要求所述的假足，其特征在于：在板簧(10)的下侧面(10a)上配备有脚后跟楔形垫块(61)。
20、按照权利要求19所述的假足，其特征在于：脚后跟楔形垫块(61)固定在板簧(10)的后突出部(11)上。
21、按照上述任一项权利要求所述的假足，其特征在于：在板簧(10)的下侧面(10a)配备有足尖底垫(60)。
22、按照权利要求19或21所述的假足，其特征在于：足尖底垫(60)和脚后跟楔形垫块(61)与将这两部分互相连接的足底(80)设计为一体。
23、按照上述任一项权利要求所述的假足，其特征在于：有一个一直延伸到踝骨区(2；2′)的美化用的护套(1；1′)，它围绕着板簧(10)的全部和足嵌入件(20)的至少大部分。
24、按照权利要求23所述的假足，其特征在于：板簧(10)的前端(12)这样伸入被美化的护套(1′)包围着的空腔(70)的前部滑动段(81)中，即，在板簧端(12)与美化的护套(1′)之间还留有一个滑动区。
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DE59609301D1 (de) 2002-07-11
CN1169498C (zh) 2004-10-06
EP0793949A1 (de) 1997-09-10
FR2745488A1 (fr) 1997-09-05
TW316233B (zh) 1997-09-21
JPH09327473A (ja) 1997-12-22
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RU2168962C2 (ru) 2001-06-20
US5897594A (en) 1999-04-27
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UA44902C2 (uk) 2002-03-15
ATE218310T1 (de) 2002-06-15

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