CN115987416A - Hardware real-time online calibration method for radio frequency channel of wireless channel simulation architecture - Google Patents
Hardware real-time online calibration method for radio frequency channel of wireless channel simulation architecture Download PDFInfo
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- CN115987416A CN115987416A CN202211609312.3A CN202211609312A CN115987416A CN 115987416 A CN115987416 A CN 115987416A CN 202211609312 A CN202211609312 A CN 202211609312A CN 115987416 A CN115987416 A CN 115987416A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a real-time online calibration method for hardware of a radio frequency channel of a wireless channel simulation architecture, which comprises an input/output unit, a radio frequency transceiving unit, a digital-to-analog conversion unit and a baseband signal processing unit. When the radio frequency transceiving channels of the wireless channel analog framework have amplitude phase inconsistency, an input/output signal generates an error after passing through the radio frequency transceiving unit, and the digital-to-analog conversion is carried out to a digital signal to enter the baseband signal processing unit. The calibration control module starts calibration in the baseband signal processing unit, and the receiving calibration module and the transmitting calibration module respectively calibrate the amplitude-phase error of the receiving and transmitting channel. After calibration, the signal enters a channel simulation module to complete the whole channel simulation work. The invention mainly realizes the amplitude-phase calibration by the least mean square equalizer based on the programmable logic module, makes up the blank of the real-time calibration architecture of the radio frequency channel hardware in the channel simulation architecture, can realize the on-line calibration of the radio frequency channel of the channel simulation architecture, and has little influence by device factors.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a real-time online hardware calibration scheme for a radio frequency channel of a wireless channel analog architecture.
Background
A channel is a medium for information transmission in a wireless communication system and is an indispensable component of the system. The radio channel plays a crucial role for the performance of the entire communication system. The channel simulator is a testing instrument for simulating relevant characteristics of channel path loss, multipath fading and the like in a wireless environment, and realizes the function of verifying the influence of the wireless environment on the performance of terminal equipment or system equipment in various complex scenes in a laboratory.
The channel simulation architecture mainly comprises the following parts: the device comprises a radio frequency transceiving module, a digital-to-analog conversion module and a baseband signal processing module. The baseband signal processing module in the channel simulation architecture mainly comprises modules of time delay control, channel coefficient storage and update, amplitude fading, noise control and the like, and is the core of the whole channel simulation architecture. The radio frequency transceiving channels at two ends of the baseband signal processing module change along with time due to the influence of temperature and humidity change in the environment, aging of devices and the like on the amplitude and the phase of the signals. The inconsistency of the amplitude and phase among the radio frequency channels can cause that the amplitude and phase errors except the channel influence are generated after the signals pass through each transmitting channel or each receiving channel, thereby influencing the performance and the precision of the whole channel simulation architecture. Therefore, to ensure that the amplitude-phase characteristics of a plurality of radio frequency channels are consistent, amplitude-phase error calibration calculation between channels must be performed once for all channels within a certain period, and the deviation between the channels is compensated in a link.
For a channel simulation architecture with U × S channels, there are U receiving channels and S transmitting channels, so it is necessary to calibrate the amplitude-phase disparity between U rf receiving channels and the amplitude-phase disparity between S rf transmitting channels during calibration. The amplitude-phase error between multiple receiving and transmitting channels is always a popular research field in the industry, and researchers and practitioners at home and abroad carry out a great deal of research on the calibration algorithm between multiple channels, wherein the method mainly comprises two channel equalization methods of a time domain and a frequency domain. The basic idea of time domain equalization is to add a time domain equalizer after a mismatched channel, so that the amplitude phase between the final signals meets the consistency, and the coefficients of the equalizer are usually solved by adopting a least mean square algorithm. The frequency domain equalizer adopts Fourier algorithm to obtain equalizer coefficient, and adopts least square fitting method to make the difference between frequency responses of the channel to be equalized and the reference channel be minimum two norms. In practice, the two algorithms are equivalent.
The existing radio frequency transceiving channel amplitude and phase error calibration scheme mainly utilizes a software time domain or frequency domain algorithm to carry out calibration, or utilizes equipment such as a signal generator and a frequency spectrograph to carry out amplitude and phase calibration of frequency points, and a scheme for real-time online calibration of hardware is lacked. With the appearance and rapid development of programmable logic modules in recent years, attention is paid to the design and realization of a self-adaptive equalizer based on the programmable logic modules, and the programmable logic modules have the characteristics of parallel processing capability, easy integration and high reliability, so that the realization of the equalizer by the programmable logic modules has practical engineering value. The self-adaptive algorithms are numerous, the least mean square algorithm is completely completed by addition and subtraction and multiplication, and operations which are difficult to realize on a programmable logic module platform, such as matrix inversion, are not needed any more.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: in view of this, the present invention aims to provide a hardware method for real-time calibration of a radio frequency channel of a wireless channel simulation architecture, which is based on a programmable logic module and adopts a time domain least mean square algorithm to implement an adaptive equalizer. The method can make up for the blank of the real-time online calibration scheme of the radio frequency channel hardware of the current channel simulation architecture.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a real-time online calibration method of hardware aiming at a radio frequency channel of a wireless channel simulation architecture, which is based on an input unit, a radio frequency receiving unit, an analog-to-digital conversion unit, a baseband signal processing unit, a digital-to-analog conversion unit, a radio frequency transmitting unit and an output unit which are sequentially arranged, and the calibration method comprises the following steps:
step 1, embedding a receiving calibration module and a transmitting calibration module in front of and behind a channel simulation module of a baseband signal processing unit, and adding a calibration control module;
step 2, for the channel simulation architecture of the scale of U S, when U radio frequency receiving channels of the channel simulation architecture are calibrated, the calibration control module starts calibration, the input unit inputs completely same signals of U paths into the channel simulation architecture, the radio frequency receiving channels receive the signals, and the digital-to-analog conversion converts the received signals into digital signals to be input into the calibration module; wherein U is the number of receiving antennas, and S is the number of transmitting antennas;
step 3, selecting one of the signals as a reference signal, and calculating a calibration filter coefficient W by a receiving calibration module by using a least mean square algorithm;
step 4, subjecting the signal x (k) to be calibrated to amplitude and phase calibration through U-1 calibration filter modules to obtain a calibrated signal y (k); y (k) = x H (k) W; x (k) represents the k-th time signal to be calibrated, y (k) represents the output signal of the equalizer at time k
Step 5, completing the calibration of the U radio frequency receiving channels; when the S radio frequency transmitting channels are calibrated, the transmitting channels and the receiving channels are connected, the baseband signal processing unit is used for transmitting the completely same S baseband signals, the baseband signals generate amplitude-phase inconsistency through the radio frequency transmitting channels, the baseband signals are transmitted to the input unit through the output unit, the calibrated radio frequency receiving channels receive signals to be calibrated and reference signals, the calibration module is used for carrying out amplitude-phase calibration, the calibration steps are the same as the steps 3 and 4, and the calibration of the radio frequency transmitting channels is completed.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the input signal of the input unit passes through the radio frequency receiving channel, and due to the fact that the radio frequency receiving channel has amplitude phase inconsistency, errors are generated among U-path signals, and the amplitude phase inconsistency of the radio frequency receiving channel needs to be calibrated.
The internal structure of the receiving calibration module is completely the same as that of the transmitting calibration module, and the receiving calibration module and the transmitting calibration module are divided into two blocks: comprising a calibration filter coefficient calculation block and a calibration filtering block.
The calibration filter coefficient calculation block is mainly divided into a first-in first-out storage module, a calibration filter coefficient updating module, an error module and an equalizer module; during calibration, a first-in first-out storage module of a calibration filter coefficient calculation block firstly caches a signal to be calibrated and a reference signal, a signal x (k) to be calibrated is input into an equalizer module to be multiplied and accumulated by an M tap coefficient prestored in the module, and then the output of the equalizer at the time of k is y (k) = ∑ x (k-M) W m The calculated result of the equalizer is input into an error module, and a reference signal at the time k and an error signal e (k) = d (k) -y (k) of the calculated result are calculated; inputting error signal into calibration filter coefficient updating module, calculating tap coefficient increment DW m = μ · x (k) · e (k), yielding the filter tap coefficient W at time k +1 m ＝W m +DW m (ii) a Wherein, W m Coefficient values representing the m-th tap, e (k) the error signal at time k, d (k) the reference signal at time k, DW m Denotes the coefficient increment of the m-th tap, and μ is the step value of the coefficient update.
The filter tap coefficient W m ＝W m +DW m And inputting the signal and the signal to be calibrated into a calibration filtering block, and completing amplitude-phase calibration by using a calibration filter module.
After the receiving calibration module and the transmitting calibration module are calibrated, the amplitudes and phases of the radio frequency channels are kept consistent, the frequency responses of the same signals passing through the radio frequency channels are kept consistent, and the radio frequency receiving and transmitting channels are calibrated relatively in real time.
After the calibration is completed, the channel simulation module of the baseband signal processing unit in the channel simulation architecture can add the influence of fading and time delay to the input signal, and the whole channel simulation process is completed.
Different from other calibration schemes of exporting signal data and calibrating in software, in the invention, the receiving calibration module and the transmitting calibration module are completely realized by a programmable logic module and form a baseband signal processing unit of a channel architecture together with a channel simulation module. In the actual operation process, the receiving calibration module calibrates the amplitude-phase inconsistency of the radio frequency receiving channel, and the transmitting calibration module calibrates the amplitude-phase inconsistency of the radio frequency transmitting channel, so that the radio frequency channels of the channel simulation framework are kept consistent, and the precision of channel simulation is ensured.
The invention makes up the blank of the hardware calibration scheme of the radio frequency channel of the channel simulation architecture, provides a real-time calibration method for the radio frequency channel of the wireless channel simulation architecture, calibrates the amplitude-phase imbalance of the radio frequency channel of the channel simulation architecture on line, and has little influence by device factors.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a hardware calibration architecture;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the calibration module;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the calibration of the two-channel RF receiving amplitude and phase in the channel simulation architecture of the embodiment;
FIG. 4 (a) is a comparison graph of frequency responses of a signal to be calibrated and a reference signal;
FIG. 4 (b) is a graph comparing the frequency response of the calibrated signal and the reference signal.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the invention, the implementation of the least mean square filter equalizer based on the programmable logic module combines two methods of top-down and bottom-up: when a system structure and a top system module are defined, a top-down method is adopted, and required modules are well defined from the whole function; in the design realization and system verification process, the bottom layer module is realized and verified from bottom to top firstly, after the logic function of each bottom layer module is ensured to have no error, the large design module on the upper layer is realized and verified, finally, the whole system is constructed, the internal block diagram of the calibration module is shown in figure 2, in the whole system, all data use the decimal with the symbol fixed point instead of the floating point, the operation speed of hardware is improved, the operation is simplified, and the resources are saved.
The first-in first-out storage module in the filter coefficient calculation block mainly realizes the caching of data by a state machine and the first-in first-out storage module; the equalizer module is mainly realized by a finite impulse response filter consisting of a multiplier and an adder tree, wherein the multiplier is realized by using a programmable logic hard core; the error module mainly calculates the difference value between the output of the equalizer module and a reference signal; the filter coefficient updating module multiplies the error of the error module and the input signal by a multiplier, then multiplies the error by a fixed value-iteration step length, finally uses an adder to complete the addition of the original coefficient and the updated quantity, outputs the result as a new coefficient and sends the result to the filter block. The calibration filter module in the calibration filter block is composed of a multiplier and an adder to form a finite impulse response filter to filter the input signal.
Based on the above, the invention provides a hardware real-time online calibration scheme for realizing the calibration of the radio frequency channel of the channel simulation architecture based on the least mean square equalizer realized by the programmable logic module, and the hardware real-time online calibration scheme has the characteristics of no need of introducing an additional variable frequency calibration channel and low resource consumption. In the following, channel simulation two-channel radio frequency receiving amplitude phase calibration is taken as an example. As shown in fig. 3, the method specifically includes:
s1, inputting a 5G NR signal by a signal input unit;
specifically, in the embodiment, two paths of 5G NR signals x with the same bandwidth of 100MHz generated by the simulation module are selected 1 。
In order to more obviously show the calibration result, an amplitude-phase imbalance factor h = [ h1 h2 ] is added to one path of signal]*exp(theta)。x 2 ＝conv(x 1 H). Wherein x 1 As reference signals d _ in, x 2 As the signals x _ in to be calibrated, h1 and h2 are amplitude imbalance factors, and theta is a phase imbalance factor. And then, two paths of signals d _ in and x _ in are sent out to a channel simulation framework through a vector signal generator.
S2, transmitting a signal sent by the vector signal generator in the step S1 to a channel simulation framework through a radio frequency cable, and firstly passing through a radio frequency receiving channel;
specifically, in this embodiment, the rf transceiving channel in the channel simulation architecture is formed by an rf integrated transceiving chip. The receiving paths of two of the pieces are selected to complete the signal transmission in step S1.
And S3, converting the analog radio frequency signal of the radio frequency receiving channel in the step S2 into a digital signal through analog-to-digital conversion, and entering a baseband signal processing unit. The calibration control module starts calibration and firstly enters a first-in first-out storage module of a filter coefficient calculation block in the receiving calibration module.
Specifically, the FIFO memory module performs data caching to prevent data loss and to prevent timing violation errors.
S4, firstly calculating the coefficient of a calibration filter according to the two paths of data from the first-in first-out storage module;
specifically, in this embodiment, the channel simulation module of the baseband signal processing unit may be implemented by a general programmable logic module. The receiving calibration module is placed in front of the channel simulation processing module. And (4) integrating the resources and the calibration precision, and designing the number M =24 of taps of the calibration filter. In a filter coefficient calculation block, a signal x (k) to be calibrated is input into an equalizer module, multiplied and accumulated with a 24-tap coefficient prestored in the module, and then the output of the equalizer at the time of k is y (k) = sigma x (k-m) W m The calculated result of the equalizer is input into an error module, and a reference signal at the time k and an error signal e (k) = d (k) -y (k) of the calculated result are calculated; inputting error signal into calibration filter coefficient updating module, calculating tap coefficient increment DW m = μ · x (k) · e (k), thereby obtaining a filter tap coefficient W at time k +1 m ＝W m +DW m 。
Step S5, updating the tap coefficient W in the filter coefficient updating module in the step S4 m And inputting the signal to be calibrated into the calibration filtering block, carrying out amplitude-phase calibration on the signal to be calibrated through the calibration filter module, and outputting a signal y _ out of the receiving calibration module after calibration. Therefore, the calibration of the amplitude and phase errors of the radio frequency receiving channels of the two channels of the wireless channel structure can be completed.
The calibration principle of the U radio frequency receiving channels is completely the same as that of the two receiving channels, the calibration method of the S transmitting channels is similar to that of the receiving channels, after the receiving channels are calibrated, the transmitting channels and the receiving channels are connected through radio frequency cables, and then the transmitting channels are calibrated through the transmitting calibration module.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the invention, through simulation and actual measurement comparison, as shown in fig. 4, the amplitude-phase error of the channel to be calibrated is obviously improved, and the frequency response of the channel after calibration is smaller than that of the reference channel. The calibrated signal is acquired, processed and analyzed by using the online logic analysis function of the programmable logic, and the root mean square error of the amplitude of the calibrated signal and the root mean square error of the reference signal are found to be less than 0.3dB, the root mean square error of the phase is found to be less than 0.3 degrees, and the hardware calibration scheme has remarkable effect.
The details of the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art. The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A real-time online calibration method for hardware of a radio frequency channel of a wireless channel analog architecture is characterized in that the calibration method is based on an input unit, a radio frequency receiving unit, an analog-to-digital conversion unit, a baseband signal processing unit, a digital-to-analog conversion unit, a radio frequency transmitting unit and an output unit which are sequentially arranged, and the calibration method comprises the following steps:
step 1, embedding a receiving calibration module and a transmitting calibration module in front of and behind a channel simulation module of a baseband signal processing unit, and adding a calibration control module;
step 2, for the channel simulation architecture of the scale of U S, when U radio frequency receiving channels of the channel simulation architecture are calibrated, the calibration control module starts calibration, the input unit inputs completely same signals of U paths into the channel simulation architecture, the radio frequency receiving channels receive the signals, and the digital-to-analog conversion converts the received signals into digital signals to be input into the calibration module; wherein U is the number of receiving antennas, and S is the number of transmitting antennas;
step 3, selecting one of the signals as a reference signal, and calculating a calibration filter coefficient W by a receiving calibration module by using a least mean square algorithm;
step 4, amplitude-phase calibration is carried out on a signal x (k) to be calibrated through U-1 calibration filter modules to obtain a calibrated signal y (k); y (k) = x H (k) W; x (k) represents the k-th time signal to be calibrated, y (k) represents the output signal of the equalizer at time k
Step 5, completing the calibration of the U radio frequency receiving channels; when the S radio frequency transmitting channels are calibrated, the transmitting channels and the receiving channels are connected, the baseband signal processing unit is used for transmitting the completely same S baseband signals, the baseband signals generate amplitude-phase inconsistency through the radio frequency transmitting channels, the baseband signals are transmitted to the input unit through the output unit, the calibrated radio frequency receiving channels receive signals to be calibrated and reference signals, the calibration module is used for carrying out amplitude-phase calibration, the calibration steps are the same as the steps 3 and 4, and the calibration of the radio frequency transmitting channels is completed.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the input signal of the input unit passes through the rf receiving channel, and the rf receiving channel has an amplitude and phase mismatch, which causes an error between U-path signals and requires calibration of the amplitude and phase mismatch.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the receiving calibration module and the transmitting calibration module have the same internal structure and are divided into two parts: comprising a calibration filter coefficient calculation block and a calibration filtering block.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the calibration filter coefficient calculation block is mainly divided into a first-in first-out storage module, a calibration filter coefficient update module, an error module, and an equalizer module; during calibration, a first-in first-out storage module of a calibration filter coefficient calculation block firstly caches a signal to be calibrated and a reference signal, a signal x (k) to be calibrated is input into an equalizer module to be multiplied and accumulated by an M tap coefficient prestored in the module, and then the equalizer output at the moment k is y (k) = sigma x (k-M) W m The calculated result of the equalizer is input into an error module, and the error signal e (k) = d (k) -y (k) of the calculated result and the reference signal at the moment k are calculated; inputting error signal into calibration filter coefficient updating module, calculating tap coefficient increment DW m = μ · x (k) · e (k), yielding the filter tap coefficient W at time k +1 m ＝W m +DW m (ii) a Wherein, W m Coefficient values representing the m-th tap, e (k) the error signal at time k, d (k) the reference signal at time k, DW m Denotes the coefficient increment of the m-th tap, and μ is the step value of the coefficient update.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the filter tap coefficient W is a filter tap coefficient W, and the method comprises a step of performing a hardware real-time on-line calibration on the radio frequency channel of the wireless channel simulation architecture m ＝W m +DW m And inputting the signal and the signal to be calibrated into a calibration filtering block, and completing amplitude-phase calibration by using a calibration filter module.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein after the receiving calibration module and the transmitting calibration module perform calibration, amplitudes and phases of the radio frequency channels are kept consistent, frequency responses of the same signals passing through the radio frequency channels are kept consistent, and the radio frequency receiving and transmitting channels are calibrated relatively in real time.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein after the calibration is completed, the channel simulation module of the baseband signal processing unit in the channel simulation architecture can add fading and delay effects to the input signal to complete the whole channel simulation process.
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