CN115979066A - Light high-efficiency bulletproof and stab-resistant composite armor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Light high-efficiency bulletproof and stab-resistant composite armor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115979066A CN115979066A CN202211623675.2A CN202211623675A CN115979066A CN 115979066 A CN115979066 A CN 115979066A CN 202211623675 A CN202211623675 A CN 202211623675A CN 115979066 A CN115979066 A CN 115979066A
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- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a light high-efficiency bulletproof stab-resistant composite armor and a preparation method thereof, and the composite armor is characterized in that: the fabric comprises a bullet facing layer, a transition layer and a back plate layer, wherein the bullet facing layer and the transition layer and the back plate layer are all bonded through adhesive films, and the bullet facing layer is of a multi-axial three-dimensional woven structure. The multiaxial three-dimensional woven fabric used for the bullet-facing surface layer has low density, particularly the reinforced composite material has high hardness similar to ceramic, and the resin-based composite material reinforced by the fabric is used as the bullet-facing surface, so that large-area fragmentation and fragment splashing cannot occur after bullets are impacted, a crack stop layer is not required to be introduced, and the preparation procedures of the composite armor are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of bulletproof armor, and particularly relates to a light high-efficiency bulletproof stab-resistant composite armor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The existing inserting plates are all made of ceramic and fiber composite plates in a composite mode, and meanwhile, the ceramic surface can prevent secondary damage caused by fragment splashing after the ceramic is impacted through a crack stop layer; in addition, the ceramic layer belongs to a hard bullet facing surface layer and is mainly used for passivating bullets and weakening impact force, and the backboard fiber composite material layer is an energy-absorbing supporting layer and further weakens the impact of bullets; the two boards with different physical properties have large transition in the aspects of hardness and the like, and the impedance matching degree is poor, so that the bulletproof performance of the composite armor plate cannot be fully exerted.
For example, patent No. 201921318395.4 provides a bulletproof flashboard. The bulletproof flashboard comprises a buffer layer, a crack-stopping layer, a ceramic layer and a supporting layer which are sequentially arranged along the thickness direction of the flashboard body; in this shellproof picture peg, the crack arrest layer can prevent the cracked back of ceramic layer, the piece splashes and causes the injury to the human body, the buffer layer sets up in the bullet side of meeting, when the bullet is shot to the bulletproof plate, the bullet can pass the buffer layer earlier, the buffer layer can reduce the impact of bullet to the ceramic layer, reduce the cracked possibility of ceramic layer, thereby reduce the injury to the human body, play better buffering effect, and the buffer layer bonds in the bullet side of meeting on crack arrest layer, when shellproof picture peg falls carelessly, buffer layer contact ground can prevent to make the ceramic layer cracked because of shellproof picture peg and ground striking.
The patent number 201920946066.8 also discloses a bulletproof flashboard structure based on bulletproof ceramic sheets, which comprises a front armor plate positioned at the front part, a rear armor plate positioned at the rear part and a ceramic armor plate positioned between the front armor plate and the rear armor plate, wherein the ceramic armor plate comprises at least two layers of ceramic sheets, each layer of ceramic sheet is formed by splicing a plurality of ceramic sheets, and the splicing seams of the ceramic sheets of the two adjacent layers of ceramic sheets are arranged in a staggered manner. The utility model discloses a pottery armor plate stacks through the crisscross mode that sets up of at least two-layer pottery lamella with ceramic chip layer seam, and the crisscross mode that stacks of multilayer remedies the not enough of individual layer tiling mode, improves the antiballistic performance of ceramic chip.
Patent No. 201910009265.0 discloses a composite bulletproof armor plate and a preparation method thereof, wherein a metal restraint plate is introduced between a ceramic plate and a fiber plate, and a fiber metal laminated plate and a porous metal sandwich plate support ceramic to enhance the bulletproof performance of the bulletproof armor plate. However, the metal has a high density relative to the fiber composite material, and does not meet the development trend of light weight at present.
In the prior art, high-performance fiber composite materials are rarely adopted to directly serve as the armor plate bullet-facing surface, or only the high-performance fiber composite materials are adopted to serve as armor plate protection, so that the defense level is lower in most cases. The reason is mainly because the common high-performance fiber composite material has insufficient hardness compared with the ceramic plate and does not have the capability of passivating the bullet and weakening the impact force of the bullet.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a light and efficient bulletproof and stab-resistant composite armor and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the utility model provides a compound armor of high-efficient shellproof puncture-proof of light, includes and meets bullet surface course, transition layer and back plate layer all bond through the glued membrane between meeting bullet surface course and the transition layer and between transition layer and the back plate layer, meet bullet surface course with the transition layer is inorganic fiber reinforced resin based composite, back plate layer is organic fiber reinforced resin based composite, inorganic fiber's volume content is 60% -90% in meeting bullet surface course, the volume content of resin 10% -40%, it is the three-dimensional machine weaving structure of multiaxis to meet bullet surface course.
Preferably, the bullet-facing layer is made of fabric woven by a multiaxial three-dimensional weaving process through inorganic fibers subjected to surface sizing treatment through a die pressing process or a vacuum bag pressing process or an autoclave process.
Preferably, the bullet-facing layer is formed by curing a fabric woven by inorganic fibers through a multi-axial three-dimensional weaving process by a Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process.
Preferably, the volume content of the inorganic fiber in the transition layer is 40-70%, and the volume content of the resin is 30-60%.
Preferably, the transition layer is prepared by the unidirectional fiber prepreg or the two-dimensional fabric prepreg through 0 °/90 ° cyclic paving, 0 °/± 45 °/90 ° cyclic paving or 0 °/30 °/60 °/90 ° cyclic paving.
Preferably, the inorganic fibers in the bullet-facing layer and the transition layer are independently selected from any one or a mixture of more than two of silicon carbide fibers, alumina fibers, boron carbide fibers, glass fibers, quartz fibers and carbon fibers.
Preferably, the inorganic fiber in the bullet-facing layer is any one or a mixture of more than two of silicon carbide fiber, alumina fiber or boron carbide fiber.
Preferably, the inorganic fibers in the transition layer are any one of glass fibers and carbon fibers or a mixture of two or more of the glass fibers and the carbon fibers.
Preferably, the resins in the bullet-facing layer and the transition layer are thermosetting resins or thermoplastic resins. More preferably, the thermosetting resin is any one or combination of more than two of epoxy, phenolic aldehyde and unsaturated polyester; more preferably, the thermoplastic resin is any one of polyethylene, polyurethane, polyester, and nylon, or a combination of two or more thereof.
Preferably, the volume content of the organic fiber in the back plate layer is 70% -90%, and the resin content is 10% -30%.
Preferably, the back sheet layer is prepared by a molding process after the unidirectional fiber prepreg is cyclically spread at 0/° 90 °, 0 °/± 45 °/90 ° or 0 °/30 °/60 °/90 °.
Preferably, the organic fiber in the back plate layer is one or a mixture of two or more of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, aramid fiber and PBO fiber.
Preferably, the resin in the back plate layer is any one or a combination of two or more of polyethylene, polyurethane, polyester and nylon.
Preferably, the base material of the adhesive film is polyethylene, EVA, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane or epoxy resin.
The multiaxial three-dimensional woven fabric is a novel weaving technology, and multiaxial three-dimensional woven fabric is an advanced composite material reinforcing prefabricated body, because the yarn in the traditional three-dimensional woven fabric organizational structure is in a bending state, the improvement fiber volume content through increasing weaving density and the like has limitation, so that the performance of high-performance fibers in the fabric can not be fully exerted, and the performance of the composite material is influenced. Because multi-directional oblique yarns are introduced into the multi-axial three-dimensional woven fabric, the defects of low fiber content and modulus of common three-dimensional woven fabrics are overcome, and the multi-axial three-dimensional woven fabric has better structural stability and impact resistance. In addition, because the multiaxial three-dimensional woven fabric with high fiber volume content has less application environment, the application report is rare, but the multiaxial three-dimensional woven fabric with high fiber volume content, which is woven by high-performance inorganic fibers, has high impact strength, and particularly, when the multiaxial three-dimensional woven fabric is used, the high-density axial fiber arrangement in the bullet impact direction can form fiber accumulation in the bullet impact process along the impact direction, so that the impact resistance of a bullet is greatly increased; meanwhile, the rigidity characteristic of the inorganic fibers can also passivate bullet heads of the bullets to further weaken the impact force of the bullets, and compared with a high-performance fiber reinforced composite material with a two-dimensional laminated structure, the protection level can be greatly improved.
In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the light bulletproof and stab-resistant composite armor plate, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a bullet-facing surface layer:
pre-sizing inorganic fiber, wherein the surface sizing rate of the inorganic fiber is controlled to be 10-40%; then weaving a multiaxial three-dimensional woven fabric with the inorganic fiber volume content of 60-90% by adopting a multiaxial three-dimensional weaving process, and then curing and forming by adopting a mould pressing process or a vacuum bag pressing process or an autoclave process to obtain a bullet facing layer;
or directly weaving the inorganic fiber into a multiaxial three-dimensional woven fabric with the inorganic fiber volume content of 60-90% by adopting a multiaxial three-dimensional weaving process, and then curing and forming by adopting a Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process to prepare the bullet-facing layer;
s2: preparing a transition layer:
laying unidirectional fibers made of inorganic fibers or two-dimensional fabric prepreg made of inorganic fibers, and then curing and molding by adopting a die pressing process or a vacuum bag pressing process or an autoclave process to prepare a transition layer with the volume content of the inorganic fibers of 30-60%;
s3: preparing a back plate layer:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) paving unidirectional fiber prepreg made of organic fibers, and then curing and forming by adopting a mould pressing process or a vacuum bag pressing process or an autoclave process to obtain a back plate layer with the organic fiber volume content of 70-90%;
s4: preparing the composite armor:
and sequentially laying the bullet-facing surface layer, the transition layer and the back plate layer in a laminated manner, laying a glue film in the middle of each layer, and finally curing and forming by adopting a mould pressing process or a vacuum bag pressing process or an autoclave process to obtain the composite armor. And the fiber volume content and the layering layer number of the bullet-facing layer, the transition layer and the back plate layer are selected according to the requirement of the bulletproof grade.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The light high-efficiency bulletproof stab-resistant composite armor provided by the invention consists of a bullet-facing surface layer, a transition layer and a back plate layer; the multiaxial three-dimensional woven fabric reinforced composite material with high fiber volume content is used as a bullet-facing surface and is used for passivating a bullet and weakening the penetration capability of a bullet; the middle fiber volume content layer composite material is used as a transition layer, and the layer is rigidly arranged between the bullet-facing surface layer and the back plate layer, so that the impact force of a bullet can be further weakened, the damage to the back plate layer is buffered, and the energy absorption performance of the back plate layer is fully exerted; the unidirectional prepreg paving composite material is used as a back plate layer, has the characteristics of low hardness and good toughness, and can absorb and dissipate the residual impact force of a bullet through fiber transmission and interlaminar damage.
(2) The high-fiber volume content multiaxial three-dimensional woven fabric used for the bullet facing layer is an advanced composite material reinforcement structure, the high-fiber volume content multiaxial three-dimensional woven fabric woven by adopting high-strength high-modulus inorganic fibers has low density, particularly, the reinforced composite material also has high hardness similar to ceramic, and the resin-based composite material reinforced by the fabric is used as the bullet facing surface, so that large-area fragmentation and fragment splashing can be avoided after bullet impact, further, the introduction of a crack stop layer is not required, and the preparation procedures of the composite armor are reduced.
(3) The composite armor composite structure with impedance matching can be obtained by controlling the fiber composition and the fiber volume content of the composite material. The bulletproof performance of the composite armor can be fully exerted through the design of the impedance gradient in the thickness direction.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, technical terms used in the following examples have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The test reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, were all conventional biochemical reagents; the experimental methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The light high-efficiency bulletproof stab-resistant composite armor is prepared by sequentially laying a bullet-facing surface layer, an EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) adhesive film, a transition layer, an EVA adhesive film and a back plate layer according to the processes shown in Table 1 and compounding the materials in a autoclave. The armor prepared in this example can achieve GA141 police body armor standard level 4 protection, and the depth of the back lining recess is 23mm.
Example 2
The light high-efficiency bulletproof stab-resistant composite armor is prepared by sequentially laying a bullet-facing surface layer, an EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) adhesive film, a transition layer, an EVA adhesive film and a back plate layer according to the processes shown in Table 1 and compounding the materials in a autoclave. The armor prepared in this example achieved standard level 4 protection of GA141 police body armor with a backing depression depth of 22mm.
Example 3
The light high-efficiency bulletproof stab-resistant composite armor is prepared by sequentially laying a bullet-facing surface layer, an EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) adhesive film, a transition layer, an EVA adhesive film and a back plate layer according to the processes shown in Table 1 and compounding the materials in a autoclave. The armor prepared in this example achieved standard level 4 protection of GA141 police body armor with a backing depression depth of 25mm.
Comparative example 1
A bulletproof composite armor is characterized in that composite materials of all layers of the composite armor and a preparation process are shown in table 1, then a bullet-facing surface layer, an EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) adhesive film, a transition layer, an EVA adhesive film and a back plate layer are sequentially laid, and the bulletproof composite armor is prepared by compounding through a hot-pressing tank. The bulletproof plate prepared by the comparative example can achieve GA141 police bullet-proof vest standard level 4 protection, the depth of the back lining depression is 21mm, the thickness of the bulletproof facing layer ceramic panel is consistent with that of the multiaxial three-dimensional woven fabric reinforced resin matrix composite material in the examples 1-3, and the weight of the bulletproof plate is 20% -30% higher than that of the multiaxial three-dimensional woven fabric reinforced resin matrix composite material. Therefore, the multi-axial three-dimensional woven composite material serving as the bullet-facing panel of the composite armor has the same level of protection capability under the condition of the same weight as the ceramic panel, can further reduce the weight of the composite armor, and accords with the development trend of light weight of the bulletproof armor.
Comparative example 2
A bulletproof composite armor is characterized in that composite materials of all layers of the composite armor and a preparation process are shown in table 1, then a bullet-facing surface layer, an EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) adhesive film, a transition layer, an EVA adhesive film and a back plate layer are sequentially laid, and the bulletproof composite armor is prepared by compounding through a hot-pressing tank. The armor prepared by the comparative example fails to achieve effective protection according to the GA141 police body armor standard level 4 protection targeting test. The weight of the comparative example is consistent with that of the multiaxial three-dimensional woven fabric reinforced resin matrix composite material in the examples 1-3. Therefore, the protective capability of the multi-axial three-dimensional woven composite material as a bullet-facing panel of the composite armor is better under the condition that the weight is equal to that of a two-dimensional woven fabric reinforced resin matrix composite material and the thickness is lower.
TABLE 1 composite armor layer composite parameters and preparation process
In conclusion, compared with a ceramic panel, the multi-axial three-dimensional woven fabric reinforced composite material has the same level of protection capability and lower density, and can realize the lightweight design of the composite armor; meanwhile, large-area fragmentation similar to a ceramic panel can not occur after the bullet is impacted, fragment splashing can not be generated, a crack stop layer is not required to be introduced, and the preparation procedures of the composite armor are reduced. In addition, compared with a composite armor with a two-dimensional woven fabric reinforced composite material as a bullet-facing surface layer, the bulletproof effect is better, the overall thickness of the armor is reduced, and the maneuverability and flexibility of a human body and protective equipment are improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A light high-efficient shellproof stab-resistant composite armor which characterized in that: the elastic fabric comprises an elastic surface layer, a transition layer and a back plate layer, wherein the elastic surface layer and the transition layer and the back plate layer are bonded through adhesive films, the elastic surface layer and the transition layer are made of inorganic fiber reinforced resin matrix composite materials, the back plate layer is made of organic fiber reinforced resin matrix composite materials, the volume content of inorganic fibers in the elastic surface layer is 60% -90%, the volume content of resin is 10% -40%, and the elastic surface layer is of a multi-axial three-dimensional woven structure.
2. The lightweight, highly efficient ballistic and stab resistant composite armor of claim 1, wherein: the bullet-facing layer is made of a fabric woven by inorganic fibers subjected to surface sizing treatment through a multi-axial three-dimensional weaving process through a die pressing process, a vacuum bag pressing process or an autoclave process.
3. The lightweight, highly efficient ballistic and stab resistant composite armor of claim 1, wherein: the bullet-facing layer is formed by curing a fabric which is obtained by weaving inorganic fibers through a multi-axial three-dimensional weaving process by using a Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process.
4. The lightweight, highly efficient ballistic and stab resistant composite armor of claim 1, wherein: the volume content of the inorganic fiber in the transition layer is 40-70%, and the volume content of the resin is 30-60%; preferably, the transition layer is prepared by the unidirectional fiber prepreg or the two-dimensional fabric prepreg through 0 °/90 ° cyclic paving, 0 °/± 45 °/90 ° cyclic paving or 0 °/30 °/60 °/90 ° cyclic paving.
5. The lightweight, highly efficient ballistic and stab resistant composite armor of claim 1, wherein: the inorganic fibers in the bullet-facing layer and the transition layer are independently selected from one or more of silicon carbide fibers, aluminum oxide fibers, boron carbide fibers, glass fibers, quartz fibers and carbon fibers, and preferably, the inorganic fibers in the bullet-facing layer are one or more of silicon carbide fibers, aluminum oxide fibers and boron carbide fibers; preferably, the inorganic fibers in the transition layer are any one of glass fibers and carbon fibers or a mixture of two or more of the glass fibers and the carbon fibers.
6. The lightweight, highly efficient ballistic and stab resistant composite armor of claim 1, wherein: the resins in the bullet-facing layer and the transition layer are thermosetting resins or thermoplastic resins. More preferably, the thermosetting resin is any one or a combination of more than two of epoxy, phenolic aldehyde and unsaturated polyester; more preferably, the thermoplastic resin is any one of polyethylene, polyurethane, polyester, and nylon, or a combination of two or more thereof.
7. The lightweight, highly efficient ballistic and stab resistant composite armor of claim 1, wherein: the back plate layer contains 70-90% of organic fibers by volume and 10-30% of resin by volume; preferably, the back sheet layer is prepared by a molding process after the unidirectional fiber prepreg is cyclically spread at 0/° 90 °, 0 °/± 45 °/90 ° or 0 °/30 °/60 °/90 °.
8. The lightweight, highly efficient ballistic and stab resistant composite armor of claim 1, wherein: the organic fiber in the back plate layer is one or mixture of two or more of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, aramid fiber and PBO fiber; preferably, the resin in the back plate layer is any one or a combination of two or more of polyethylene, polyurethane, polyester and nylon.
9. The lightweight, highly efficient ballistic and stab resistant composite armor of claim 1, wherein: the base material of the adhesive film is polyethylene, EVA, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane or epoxy resin.
10. A process for the preparation of a lightweight ballistic resistant stab resistant composite armor panel according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a bullet-facing surface layer:
pre-sizing inorganic fiber, wherein the surface sizing rate of the inorganic fiber is controlled to be 10-40%; then weaving a multiaxial three-dimensional woven fabric with the inorganic fiber volume content of 60-90% by adopting a multiaxial three-dimensional weaving process, and then curing and forming by adopting a mould pressing process or a vacuum bag pressing process or an autoclave process to obtain a bullet facing layer;
or directly weaving the inorganic fiber into a multiaxial three-dimensional woven fabric with the inorganic fiber volume content of 60-90% by adopting a multiaxial three-dimensional weaving process, and then curing and forming by adopting a Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process to prepare the bullet-facing layer;
s2: preparing a transition layer:
laying unidirectional fibers made of inorganic fibers or two-dimensional fabric prepreg made of inorganic fibers, and then curing and molding by adopting a die pressing process or a vacuum bag pressing process or an autoclave process to prepare a transition layer with the volume content of the inorganic fibers of 30-60%;
s3: preparing a back plate layer:
laying unidirectional fiber prepreg prepared from organic fibers, and then curing and forming by adopting a mould pressing process or a vacuum bag pressing process or an autoclave process to prepare a back plate layer with the volume content of the organic fibers of 70-90%;
s4: preparing the composite armor:
and sequentially laying the bullet-facing surface layer, the transition layer and the back plate layer in a laminated manner, laying a glue film in the middle of each layer, and finally curing and forming by adopting a mould pressing process or a vacuum bag pressing process or an autoclave process to obtain the composite armor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211623675.2A CN115979066A (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Light high-efficiency bulletproof and stab-resistant composite armor and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211623675.2A CN115979066A (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Light high-efficiency bulletproof and stab-resistant composite armor and preparation method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115979066A true CN115979066A (en) | 2023-04-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211623675.2A Pending CN115979066A (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Light high-efficiency bulletproof and stab-resistant composite armor and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115979066A (en) |
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2022
- 2022-12-16 CN CN202211623675.2A patent/CN115979066A/en active Pending
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