CN115976441A - Heat treatment method of TC18 titanium alloy - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment method of TC18 titanium alloy, belonging to the technical field of materials. The TC18 titanium alloy is firstly subjected to heat treatment at T β +70℃～T β Keeping the temperature at +130 ℃ for 1h, and then cooling to room temperature by water cooling; then keeping the temperature of the alloy at 550-600 ℃ for 6-8 h, and cooling the alloy to room temperature by water; finally, aging the alloy for 2-4 h at 300-450 ℃. According to the invention, through solid solution and double-stage aging, and through selection of the heat preservation temperature, time and cooling mode, the microstructure of the alloy can be effectively regulated and controlled, and a microstructure with equiaxial alpha phase, strip-shaped alpha phase and a large number of fine acicular alpha and beta phase matrixes matched is obtained, so that the TC18 titanium alloy obtains higher strength and good plasticity. The invention has simple and controllable process, and the obtained product has excellent performance and is convenient for large-scale industrial application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat treatment method of TC18 titanium alloy, belonging to the technical field of heat treatment of metal materials.
Background
The TC18 titanium alloy has the nominal composition of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe (wt.%, ti-55511), and is a high-strength near-beta type titanium alloy developed in the 1970 s. The TC18 titanium alloy is widely applied to the fields of ships, automobile industry, sports, aerospace and the like due to high specific strength and excellent fatigue resistance.
After being processed and thermally treated, the TC18 titanium alloy can obviously change the mechanical property by controlling the change of the microstructure. The microstructure of the TC18 titanium alloy mainly comprises an alpha phase and a beta phase, wherein the alpha phase is used as a main strengthening phase, and the morphology, the content and the size of the alpha phase have extremely important influence on the mechanical property of the alloy. For example, the content and size of equiaxed alpha phase and strip can influence the plasticity of the alloy, and the larger the content and size, the better the plasticity of the alloy; the larger the content of fine needle-like alpha phase, the more the alloy strength is improved. Therefore, a proper heat treatment process is formulated to control the microscopic characteristics of the alpha phase, such as appearance, content, size and the like, so that the TC18 titanium alloy has excellent mechanical properties meeting the requirements, and has important significance for the wide application of the TC18 titanium alloy.
The conventional heat treatment process for the TC18 titanium alloy is solid solution-single stage aging. The general process is single phase (beta phase transition temperature T) β Above) or dual phase solid solution (beta phase transition temperature T) β Below) combined with single-stage aging treatment (keeping the temperature at 400-600 ℃ for 2-24 h). The microstructure of the TC18 titanium alloy after single-phase solution-aging treatment contains a large amount of dispersed and distributed fine alpha phase. However, the plasticity and fracture toughness of this solution-aged alloy are poor. The microstructure of the TC18 titanium alloy after dual phase solution-single stage aging contains both coarse equiaxed and lath alpha phases, however the strength of the solution-aged alloy is relatively low. Therefore, on the basis of a common solid solution-aging process, a plurality of influencing factors such as temperature, time, a cooling mode and the like are comprehensively considered, and the development of a heat treatment process which can further improve the high strength of the TC18 titanium alloy and ensure that the plasticity and the toughness of the alloy meet the use requirements is of great significance.
The patent CN201410136849.1 discloses a solid solution-single stage aging heat treatment method of TC18 titanium alloy, which is to perform solid solution-single stage aging heat treatment on the TC18 titanium alloy in T β Keeping the temperature below 60-100 ℃ for 2-8 h, and then cooling to room temperature by air cooling or water cooling; then aging the alloy at 540-600 ℃ for 4-12 h, and cooling to room temperature in air. Thereby obtaining a microstructure with the combination of an equiaxed alpha phase (the content is more than 10vol% and the size is more than 2 mu m), a flaky alpha phase (the thickness is more than 0.5 mu m) and a large number of fine needle alpha and beta phase matrixes, and leading the TC18 titanium alloy to have higher strength such as 1300 to 1402MPa, but the patent also has the problem of low strength, and is difficult to meet the use requirements of special forgings and fasteners.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the TC18 titanium alloy obtained by the prior art is not high in strength, the invention provides a novel TC18 titanium alloy solid solution-two-stage aging heat treatment process in order to obtain the TC18 titanium alloy with the tensile strength of more than 1415 MPa. The TC18 titanium alloy treated by the method not only can further improve the strength, but also ensures that the plasticity and the toughness of the alloy meet the use requirements of special titanium alloys.
The invention discloses a heat treatment method of TC18 titanium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: single-phase solution heat treatment: heating TC18 titanium alloy to beta-phase transition temperature T β Keeping the temperature of 70-130 ℃ for 1h, and cooling to room temperature by water cooling; t is a unit of β Is the alloy beta phase transition temperature;
the second step is that: primary aging heat treatment: and heating the alloy obtained after the first step of cooling to 550-600 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 6-8 h, and then cooling to room temperature by water.
The third step: secondary aging heat treatment: and heating the alloy obtained after the second step of cooling to 300-450 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 2-4 h, and then cooling to room temperature by water.
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of a TC18 titanium alloy, which comprises the following nominal components: ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe (wt.%).
Preferably, in the first step, the TC18 titanium alloy is heated to the beta transus temperature T β Keeping the temperature of 70-85 ℃ for 1h, and cooling to room temperature by water cooling.
Preferably, in the second step, the alloy bar is heated to 560 to 600 ℃ and is kept warm for 6 to 8 hours, and then is cooled to room temperature by water.
Preferably, in the third step, the alloy bar is heated to 395 to 405 ℃ and is kept warm for 3 to 4 hours.
In the present invention, in order to obtain the TC18 titanium alloy having a tensile strength of more than 1450MPa, the following process may be employed:
in a first step, a TC18 titanium alloy is heated to a beta-phase transition temperature T β Keeping the temperature of 70-85 ℃ for 1h, and cooling to room temperature by water cooling;
in the second step, the alloy bar is heated to 595-600 ℃ and kept warm for 8h, and then cooled to room temperature by water.
And in the third step, heating the alloy bar to 395-405 ℃ and preserving the heat for 4 hours. In the scheme, the tensile strength of the obtained product can reach 1450 to 1475MPa, and the yield strength can reach 1420 to 1459MPa. The strength of the product, namely the tensile strength and the yield strength, is far better than the product obtained by the prior art.
In the invention, the following process is adopted in order to obtain the TC18 titanium-titanium alloy with the tensile strength of more than 1415MPa and the elongation of more than or equal to 4.6 percent:
first, heating TC18 titanium alloy to beta-phase transition temperature T β Keeping the temperature of 70-85 ℃ for 1h, and cooling to room temperature by water cooling;
and secondly, heating the alloy bar to 560 to 565 ℃, preserving the heat for 6 hours, and then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water.
And thirdly, heating the alloy bar to 395-405 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 hours. In the scheme, the tensile strength of the obtained product can reach 1400 to 1441MPa, and the yield strength can reach 1380 to 1414MPa. And the elongation of the product is relatively high.
In the invention, in order to further improve the tensile strength of the product, the following scheme can be selected:
firstly, heating TC18 titanium alloy to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and cooling to room temperature by water; wherein the beta phase transition temperature of the TC18 titanium alloy is 875 +/-5 ℃;
the second step is primary aging: heating the alloy bar to 580 ℃ and preserving the heat for 7h, then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water,
the third step is secondary aging: heating the alloy bar to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 4h, and then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water. The tensile strength of the product obtained in the scheme breaks through 1500MPa for the first time, but the average elongation of the product is only 3.0%.
According to the heat treatment process of the TC18 titanium alloy, water is cooled to room temperature after solid solution heat treatment and aging heat treatment; preferably, the cooling is carried out at a cooling rate of 5 to 15 ℃/s to room temperature.
After the first-step solution heat treatment is carried out and the temperature is preserved, the rapid water is cooled to the room temperature, and the microstructure after the treatment is a coarse equiaxial beta-phase structure.
In the second step of the invention, the TC18 titanium alloy microstructure is coarse equiaxed beta-phase crystal grains and lamellar intragranular alpha phase after the first-stage aging heat treatment and heat preservation is carried out and then is rapidly cooled to room temperature by water.
In the third step, after heat preservation of secondary aging heat treatment, rapid water is used for cooling to room temperature, and the processed TC18 titanium alloy microstructure comprises an equiaxial alpha phase, a strip-shaped alpha phase, a needle-shaped intra-crystalline alpha phase and a residual beta matrix.
Compared with the prior art, the aging process of the invention is two-stage aging, firstly, a slightly higher aging temperature is selected for primary aging and water cooling, and then, the secondary aging is carried out at a lower temperature. The heat treatment process can ensure that the microstructure contains equiaxed alpha phase and strip alpha phase, and can obtain a plurality of uniformly distributed acicular alpha phases, so that the TC18 titanium alloy has high strength and good plasticity.
When single-phase solution heat treatment is carried out, the heating temperature is controlled to be beta-phase transition temperature T β Keeping the temperature at 70-130 ℃ for 1h; due to the dense distribution of the alpha phase in the pristine structure, the temperature is too low as T β The single-phase beta structure is difficult to form after solid melting at the temperature of 50 ℃; but at too high a temperature such as T β The alloy product is over-sintered at the temperature of 150 ℃, the beta-phase crystal grains are too large and can reach mm level, and the mechanical property of the alloy after subsequent aging heat treatment is adversely affected.
In conclusion, the heat treatment process is simple, and the treated TC18 titanium alloy is high in strength and good in plasticity and can be used as an effective means for improving the strength of the alloy. As can be seen by comparing the examples and the comparative examples with the data in Table 1, the TC18 titanium alloy heat treatment process can further improve the strength of the TC18 titanium alloy on the premise of ensuring better plasticity, and the process is obviously superior to the traditional solid solution single-stage aging process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a micrograph of a TC18 titanium alloy after two-stage aging treatment according to example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a micrograph of a TC18 titanium alloy after two-stage aging treatment according to example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the microstructure of example 1 after solid solution and water cooling.
FIG. 4 is a microstructure of the TC18 titanium alloy after the primary aging treatment of example 1.
In FIG. 1, 1 is an alpha phase and 2 is a beta matrix phase; as can be seen from fig. 1: the equiaxial alpha phase is uniformly distributed, the size is 3-9 mu m, the thickness of the strip alpha phase is about 1 mu m, and the length of the fine needle alpha phase is 1-2 mu m.
In fig. 2, 1 is an α phase, and 2 is a β matrix phase; as can be seen from fig. 2: the equiaxial alpha phase is uniformly distributed, the size is 1-3 mu m, the thickness of the strip alpha phase is about 0.5-1 mu m, and the length of the fine needle alpha phase is 2-3 mu m.
From FIG. 3, it can be seen that the microstructure morphology of the TC18 alloy after heat preservation at 950 ℃ for 1h and solid solution and water cooling, in FIG. 3, the obtained product after solid solution is a beta phase, and the grain size is between 200 and 500 μm.
In fig. 4, 1 is the α phase and 2 is the β matrix phase, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that coarse equiaxed β phase grains and lamellar intergranular intragranular α phases are present after the primary aging heat treatment.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples:
in the examples of the present invention and the comparative examples, the water cooling rate was 10 ℃/s.
Example 1:
the TC18 titanium alloy with the length of 26mm and the gauge length of 8mm is adopted to process a sample. The beta phase transition temperature of the test sample was determined to be 875. + -. 5 ℃. Firstly, heating the alloy to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and cooling the alloy to room temperature by water; the second step is primary aging: heating the alloy bar to 600 ℃, preserving heat for 8h, then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water, and carrying out secondary aging: heating the alloy bar to 400 ℃, preserving the heat for 4h, and then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water.
After the TC18 titanium alloy sample after heat treatment is pre-ground, polished and eroded, the microscopic morphology is observed by adopting an electron scanning microscope, and the mechanical property is tested by adopting a universal testing machine. The room temperature mechanical property parameters of the TC18 titanium alloy treated by the embodiment are shown in Table 1. The average tensile strength of the product obtained in example 1 is 1465MPa (the maximum value can reach 1475 MPa), and the average yield strength is 1444MPa (the maximum value can reach 1459 MPa).
Example 2:
the TC18 titanium alloy with the length of 26mm and the gauge length of 8mm is adopted to process a sample.
The beta transus temperature of the as-forged TC18 titanium alloy specimens was found to be 875. + -.5 ℃. Firstly, heating the alloy to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then cooling the alloy to room temperature by water; secondly, heating the alloy bar to 600 ℃, preserving heat for 8h, then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water, thirdly, heating the alloy bar to 440 ℃, preserving heat for 4h, and then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water.
After the TC18 titanium alloy sample after heat treatment is pre-ground, polished and eroded, the microscopic morphology is observed by adopting an electron scanning microscope, and the mechanical property is tested by adopting a universal testing machine.
The room temperature mechanical property parameters of the TC18 titanium alloy after the treatment of the example 2 are shown in the table 1. The average tensile strength of the obtained product is 1420MPa, and the average yield strength is 1395MPa.
Example 3:
the TC18 titanium alloy processing sample with the length of 26mm and the gauge length of 8mm is adopted.
The beta transus temperature of the TC18 titanium alloy as-forged sample was measured to be 875 + -5 deg.C. Firstly, heating the alloy to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then cooling the alloy to room temperature by water; secondly, heating the alloy bar to 560 ℃ and preserving heat for 6h, then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water, thirdly, heating the alloy bar to 400 ℃ and preserving heat for 3h, and then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water.
After the TC18 titanium alloy sample after heat treatment is pre-ground, polished and eroded, the microscopic morphology is observed by adopting an electron scanning microscope, and the mechanical property is tested by adopting a universal testing machine.
The room temperature mechanical property parameters of the TC18 titanium alloy after the treatment of the example 3 are shown in the table 1. The average tensile strength of the obtained product is 1430MPa (the maximum value can reach 1440 MPa), and the average yield strength is 1398.98MPa (the maximum value can reach 1414 MPa).
Example 4:
the TC18 titanium alloy processing state sample with the length of 26mm and the gauge length of 8mm is adopted.
The beta transus temperature of the TC18 titanium alloy as-forged sample was measured to be 875 + -5 deg.C. Firstly, heating the alloy to 1000 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then cooling the alloy to room temperature by water; secondly, heating the alloy bar to 560 ℃ and preserving heat for 6h, then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water, thirdly, heating the alloy bar to 440 ℃ and preserving heat for 3h, and then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water.
After the TC18 titanium alloy sample after heat treatment is pre-ground, polished and corroded, the microscopic appearance is observed by using an electron scanning microscope, and the mechanical property is tested by using a universal testing machine.
The room temperature mechanical property parameters of the TC18 titanium alloy after the treatment of the example 4 are shown in the table 1.
Example 5:
the TC18 titanium alloy with the length of 26mm and the gauge length of 8mm is adopted to process a sample. The beta phase transition temperature of the test sample was determined to be 875. + -. 5 ℃. Firstly, heating the alloy to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and cooling the alloy to room temperature by water; the second step is primary aging: heating the alloy bar to 580 ℃, preserving heat for 7 hours, then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water, and performing secondary aging: heating the alloy bar to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, and then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water.
After the TC18 titanium alloy sample after heat treatment is pre-ground, polished and eroded, the microscopic morphology is observed by adopting an electron scanning microscope, and the mechanical property is tested by adopting a universal testing machine. The room temperature mechanical property parameters of the TC18 titanium alloy treated by the embodiment are shown in Table 1.
Example 6:
the TC18 titanium alloy with the length of 26mm and the gauge length of 8mm is adopted to process a sample. The beta phase transition temperature of the test sample was determined to be 875. + -.5 ℃. Firstly, heating the alloy to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and cooling the alloy to room temperature by water; the second step is first-stage aging: heating the alloy bar to 580 ℃, preserving heat for 7 hours, then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water, and carrying out secondary aging in the third step: heating the alloy bar to 400 ℃, preserving the heat for 4h, and then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water.
After the TC18 titanium alloy sample after heat treatment is pre-ground, polished and corroded, the microscopic appearance is observed by using an electron scanning microscope, and the mechanical property is tested by using a universal testing machine. The room temperature mechanical property parameters of the TC18 titanium alloy treated by the embodiment are shown in Table 1.
Example 7:
the TC18 titanium alloy with the length of 26mm and the gauge length of 8mm is adopted to process a sample. The beta phase transition temperature of the test sample was determined to be 875. + -.5 ℃. Firstly, heating the alloy to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and cooling the alloy to room temperature by water; the second step is primary aging: heating the alloy bar to 600 ℃, preserving heat for 8h, then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water, and carrying out secondary aging: heating the alloy bar to 450 ℃, preserving the heat for 2h, and then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water.
After the TC18 titanium alloy sample after heat treatment is pre-ground, polished and eroded, the microscopic morphology is observed by adopting an electron scanning microscope, and the mechanical property is tested by adopting a universal testing machine. The room temperature mechanical property parameters of the TC18 titanium alloy treated by the embodiment are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1:
the TC18 titanium alloy forging-state test piece with the length of 26mm and the gauge length of 8mm is adopted.
The beta phase transition temperature of the TC18 titanium alloy as-forged sample was measured to be 875 +/-5 ℃. Firstly, heating the alloy to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then cooling the alloy to room temperature by water; secondly, heating the alloy bar to 600 ℃, preserving the heat for 12 hours, performing single-stage aging, and then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water.
After the TC18 titanium alloy sample after heat treatment is pre-ground, polished and eroded, the microscopic morphology is observed by adopting an electron scanning microscope, and the mechanical property is tested by adopting a universal testing machine. Comparative example 1 the room temperature mechanical properties of the TC18 titanium alloy after heat treatment are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2:
the TC18 titanium alloy processing sample with the length of 26mm and the gauge length of 8mm is adopted.
The beta transus temperature of the TC18 titanium alloy as-forged sample was measured to be 875 + -5 deg.C. Firstly, heating the alloy to 925 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then cooling the alloy to room temperature by water; secondly, heating the alloy bar to 560 ℃ and preserving heat for 6h, then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water, thirdly, heating the alloy bar to 400 ℃ and preserving heat for 3h, and then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water.
After the TC18 titanium alloy sample after heat treatment is pre-ground, polished and eroded, the microscopic morphology is observed by adopting an electron scanning microscope, and the mechanical property is tested by adopting a universal testing machine.
The room temperature mechanical property parameters of the TC18 titanium alloy after the treatment of the comparative example 2 are shown in the table 1.
Comparative example 3:
the TC18 titanium alloy processing sample with the length of 26mm and the gauge length of 8mm is adopted.
The beta transus temperature of the TC18 titanium alloy as-forged sample was measured to be 875 + -5 deg.C. Firstly, heating the alloy to 1025 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then cooling the alloy to room temperature by water; secondly, heating the alloy bar to 560 ℃ and preserving heat for 6h, then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water, thirdly, heating the alloy bar to 400 ℃ and preserving heat for 3h, and then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water.
After the TC18 titanium alloy sample after heat treatment is pre-ground, polished and eroded, the microscopic morphology is observed by adopting an electron scanning microscope, and the mechanical property is tested by adopting a universal testing machine.
The room temperature mechanical property parameters of the TC18 titanium alloy treated by the comparative example 3 are shown in a table 1.
The room temperature mechanical property parameters of the heat-treated TC18 titanium alloys obtained in the examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1.
Claims (7)
1. A heat treatment method of TC18 titanium alloy is characterized in that; the method comprises the following steps: first-step solution heat treatment; heating TC18 titanium alloy to beta-phase transition temperature T β Keeping the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for 1h, and cooling to room temperature by water cooling; t is β Is the alloy beta phase transition temperature; the second step is primary aging heat treatment; heating the alloy obtained after the first step of cooling to 550-600 ℃, preserving heat for 6-8 h, and then cooling to room temperature by water cooling; third, secondary aging heat treatment; heating the alloy cooled in the second step to 300-450 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4 h, and cooling to room temperature by water cooling.
2. The heat treatment process of the TC18 titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the nominal chemical composition of the used TC18 titanium alloy is as follows: ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe.
3. The heat treatment process of the TC18 titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein: after heat treatment and heat preservation, the alloy is cooled to room temperature by water cooling.
4. The heat treatment process of the TC18 titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein: in a first step, a TC18 titanium alloy is heated to a beta-phase transition temperature T β Keeping the temperature of 70-85 ℃ for 1h, and cooling to room temperature by water cooling; in the second step, heating the alloy bar to 560 to 600 ℃, preserving the heat for 6 to 8 hours, and then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water; and in the third step, heating the alloy bar to 395-405 ℃ and preserving the heat for 3-4 h.
5. The heat treatment process of the TC18 titanium alloy according to claim 4, wherein: in the second step, the alloy bar is heated to 595-600 ℃, kept warm for 8h and then cooled to room temperature by water; and in the third step, heating the alloy bar to 395-405 ℃ and preserving the heat for 4h.
6. The heat treatment process of the TC18 titanium alloy as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the second step, heating the alloy bar to 560 to 565 ℃, preserving the heat for 6 hours, and then cooling the alloy bar to room temperature by water; and in the third step, heating the alloy bar to 395-405 ℃ and preserving the heat for 3 hours.
7. The heat treatment process of the TC18 titanium alloy according to claim 4, wherein: in the first step, heating TC18 titanium alloy to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and cooling to room temperature by water; wherein the beta phase transition temperature of the TC18 titanium alloy is 875 +/-5 ℃; in the second step, the alloy bar is heated to 580 ℃ and is kept warm for 7h, and then is cooled to room temperature by water, and in the third step, the alloy bar is heated to 400 ℃ and is kept warm for 4h, and then is cooled to room temperature by water.
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