CN115975262A - Solar-driven high-strength atmospheric water-collecting composite material, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Solar-driven high-strength atmospheric water-collecting composite material, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar-driven high-strength atmospheric water-collecting composite material, a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of gel materials. The solar-driven high-strength atmospheric water-collecting composite material comprises a gel base material, wherein moisture-absorbing compounds are loaded in pores and on the surface of the gel base material; wherein the gel base material comprises MXene, chitosan and polyacrylamide. The moisture absorption compound is loaded on the gel base material containing MXene, chitosan and polyacrylamide, the introduced MXene can be used as a photo-thermal component to endow hydrogel with good photo-thermal conversion performance, water is absorbed only by solar energy analysis, and energy consumption is avoided; the prepared composite hydrogel material not only has larger pores, but also has ideal strength and toughness, and is beneficial to widening the application field of the composite hydrogel material in a new step.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gel materials, in particular to a solar-driven high-strength atmospheric water-collecting composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The hygroscopicity refers to the capacity of absorbing moisture from a gaseous environment, and the hygroscopic compound can remove excessive moisture in the environment to reduce the environmental humidity and absorb trace water in a dry environment, so that the moisture is fixed, and the hygroscopic compound has important application in the water taking field of deserts, gobi and the like.
The main components of common hygroscopic compounds such as LiCl and CaCl 2 And the like, and the gel material is prepared for use. However, the following problems are common to the current gel materials:
(1) Generally, the water can be desorbed and adsorbed only by consuming energy such as electric energy, and the requirement of environmental protection is not met;
(2) The gel material has the disadvantages of unsatisfactory strength, difficult shaping, easy collapse and easy breakage, and limits the application field to a certain extent.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solar-driven high-strength atmospheric water-collecting composite material, a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to realize solar-driven light release, guarantee the mechanical property of the material and widen the application range of the material.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a solar-driven high-strength atmospheric water-collecting composite material, which comprises a gel substrate, wherein the pores and the surface of the gel substrate are loaded with a moisture-absorbing compound;
wherein the gel base material contains MXene, chitosan and polyacrylamide.
In an alternative embodiment, the hygroscopic compound is selected from the group consisting of LiCl, caCl 2 、MgSO 4 、CuSO 4 At least one of; liCl is preferred.
In an alternative embodiment, the loading of hygroscopic compound is 3 to 5.2g/g; preferably 3 to 4g/g;
preferably, the mass ratio of MXene, chitosan and polyacrylamide in the gel matrix is 1; preferably 1.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of making a solar-powered high-strength atmospheric water-collecting composite as in any one of the preceding embodiments, comprising: preparing a gel base material containing MXene, chitosan and polyacrylamide, and loading a hygroscopic compound on the gel base material.
In an alternative embodiment, the gel matrix is prepared by a process comprising: mixing and dissolving chitosan, MXene and acrylamide monomers, carrying out high-temperature reaction in the presence of a cross-linking agent and an initiator to form hydrogel, swelling the hydrogel, and freeze-drying;
preferably, the reaction temperature of the high-temperature reaction is 60-80 ℃, and the reaction lasts for 1-3h.
In an optional embodiment, the method comprises the steps of dissolving chitosan in an acetic acid aqueous solution to obtain a chitosan aqueous solution, mixing the chitosan aqueous solution with MXene dispersion liquid to obtain a mixed solution, mixing the mixed solution with an acrylamide monomer to dissolve, mixing the mixed solution with a cross-linking agent and an initiator in sequence, carrying out high-temperature reaction to form hydrogel, standing the hydrogel for 8-24 hours, washing the hydrogel with water, soaking the washed hydrogel in water to swell, and freeze-drying after freeze-setting;
preferably, the soaking time is 60-85h, and the water is replaced every 6-10h in the soaking process;
preferably, the time for freeze-setting is 8-20h, and the time for freeze-drying is 60-85h.
In an alternative embodiment, the concentration of MXene in the mixed solution is 1-3mg/mL, and the mass ratio of the MXene to the acrylamide monomer is 1;
preferably, the volume fraction of acetic acid is controlled to be 2-3% when the acetic acid aqueous solution is prepared, and the mass fraction of chitosan in the chitosan aqueous solution is controlled to be 1-3%; the concentration of MXene dispersion is 4-6mg/mL.
In alternative embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of N, N-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), divinylbenzene, and diisocyanate;
preferably, the initiator is selected from at least one of potassium persulfate and Ammonium Persulfate (APS);
preferably, the mass ratio of the cross-linking agent to the acrylamide monomer is 0.5-0.7;
preferably, an inert gas is introduced into the system to remove oxygen from the system before adding the crosslinking agent and the initiator.
In an alternative embodiment, the process of loading the hygroscopic compound on the gel substrate comprises: soaking the obtained gel base material in an aqueous solution formed by a hygroscopic compound, taking out and drying; wherein the concentration of the water solution of the hygroscopic compound is 3.5-5mol/L;
preferably, the soaking time is 15-35h, the drying temperature is 70-90 ℃, and the drying time is 60-85h.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a use of the solar-powered high-intensity atmospheric water-collection composite material according to any one of the foregoing embodiments or the solar-powered high-intensity atmospheric water-collection composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments in sand solidification or ecological layer construction in arid regions.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the moisture absorption compound is loaded on the gel base material containing MXene, chitosan and polyacrylamide, the introduced MXene can be used as a photo-thermal component to endow hydrogel with good photo-thermal conversion performance, water is absorbed only by solar energy analysis, and energy consumption is avoided; the prepared composite hydrogel material not only has larger pores, but also has ideal strength and toughness, and is beneficial to the new step of widening the application field of the composite hydrogel material, such as the application to sand solidification, the application to the construction of ecological layers in arid regions and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the preparation process of PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl hydrogel material;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of PAM-CS-MXene and PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the result of the dynamic contact angle test performed on PAM-CS-MXene;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of UV-Vis-NIR testing of the materials prepared in example 1 and comparative example;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of mechanical property tests on materials prepared in example 1 and comparative example;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the result of moisture absorption test of PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 7 is the moisture absorption isotherms of PAM-CS-MXene matrix and PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl aerogel loaded with LiCl under different humidity conditions;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the moisture absorption capacity of the materials of the present invention with that of other reported atmosphere water-collecting composites;
FIG. 9 shows the surface temperature of PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl and PAM-CS-LiCl at 1kWw/m under different illumination intensities 2 Illuminating a surface temperature contrast map;
FIG. 10 is a thermal image of PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl irradiated at 180min under different illumination intensities;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the results of the release property test of PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl prepared in example 1;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the result of the cyclic durability test of PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl prepared in test example 1;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of moisture absorption and release tests performed in an outdoor test for PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl prepared in test example 1;
FIG. 14 is a graph showing moisture absorption results of outdoor tests for PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl prepared in test example 1;
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the result of water quality detection by PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl collection in example;
FIG. 16 is a graph showing a comparison of moisture absorption properties of products obtained in PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl of example and PAM-CS-PPy-LiCl of comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products which are not indicated by manufacturers and are commercially available.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a solar-driven high-strength atmospheric water-collecting composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a gel base material
Preparing a gel base material containing MXene, chitosan (CS) and polyacrylamide, and preparing a hydrogel material by polymerization of an Acrylamide Monomer (AM) by using the acrylamide monomer, the MXene and the chitosan as raw materials.
Specifically, chitosan and acrylamide monomers are commercially available raw materials, MXene is commercially available two-dimensional transition metal carbide, nitride or carbonitride, the concentration of the MXene is 5mg/mL, and the MXene is in the form of dispersion liquid and is Ti 3 C 2 T x Monolayer sizes of 500-2000nm, available from Newene technologies, inc.
It should be noted that MXene, as a novel two-dimensional titanium carbide nanomaterial, has the advantages of excellent electrical conductivity, good self-lubricating property, large specific surface area, good water dispersibility, high photothermal conversion efficiency and the like, and is generally used in the fields of energy storage, electromagnetic shielding, lubrication, antibiosis, catalysis and the like. In recent years, the material also has great application potential in the field of solar water-vapor conversion, and is one of the materials with the highest photo-thermal water-vapor conversion efficiency reported at present. But no study on the photoresponse application of the MXene-based atmospheric water collection has been reported. Chitosan (CS) is the only basic polysaccharide with inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability, and has rigid chain properties that enhance the mechanical strength of the hydrogel.
In some embodiments, the process of preparing the gel substrate comprises: mixing and dissolving chitosan, MXene and acrylamide monomers, carrying out high-temperature reaction in the presence of a cross-linking agent and an initiator to form hydrogel, swelling the hydrogel, and freeze-drying the hydrogel; the reaction temperature of the high-temperature reaction is 60-80 ℃, and the reaction lasts for 1-3h. Due to the introduction of the chitosan, the reaction needs to form uniform hydrogel under high-temperature catalysis, and a catalyst does not need to be introduced.
Specifically, the reaction temperature may be 60 ℃,70 ℃,80 ℃ or the like, and the reaction time may be 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours or the like.
In some embodiments, the chitosan is dissolved in an aqueous acetic acid solution to obtain a chitosan aqueous solution, the chitosan aqueous solution is mixed with an MXene dispersion to obtain a mixed solution, the mixed solution is mixed with an acrylamide monomer to be dissolved, and then the mixed solution is sequentially mixed with a cross-linking agent and an initiator to perform high-temperature reaction to form hydrogel, the hydrogel is kept still for 8-24 hours (such as 8 hours, 10 hours, 15 hours, 20 hours, 24 hours and the like) and then washed with water, and then the washed hydrogel is soaked in water to swell, and is freeze-dried after being freeze-shaped. Through the mode of adding of control raw materials, improve the homogeneity that the raw materials mixed, after the reaction is accomplished with the aquogel after the structure is more stable that stews, after the unreacted monomer of washing removal, through soaking messenger's water gets into the hole, the inflation that absorbs water, the hole is opened, reaches the effect of abundant swelling. The swollen hydrogel is frozen and shaped, and then freeze-dried to remove water, and as shown in fig. 1, the swollen hydrogel, and the freeze-dried product are sequentially synthesized.
Similarly, the cross-linking agent and the initiator can be dissolved in a small amount of water and then added to promote rapid and uniform mixing of the raw materials.
The inventor optimizes the dosage of the raw materials, wherein the concentration of MXene in the mixed solution is 1-3mg/mL, and the mass ratio of the MXene dosage to the acrylamide monomer is 1. When the used raw material acetic acid aqueous solution is prepared, the volume fraction of acetic acid is controlled to be 2-3%, the concentration of MXene dispersion liquid is 4-6mg/mL, and the dosage of the acetic acid aqueous solution is controlled to be 1-3% of the mass fraction of chitosan in the chitosan aqueous solution. The pore effect and strength of the hydrogel are improved by accurately controlling the concentration and the dosage of the raw materials in the preparation process of the hydrogel.
Specifically, the volume fraction of the raw material aqueous acetic acid solution used may be 2%, 2.5%, 3%, or the like; the mass fraction of chitosan in the chitosan aqueous solution can be 1%, 2%, 3% and the like. The concentration of MXene dispersion as a raw material may be 4mg/mL, 5mg/mL, 6mg/mL or the like, but not limited thereto, and it is possible to use commercially available raw materials and to control the concentration of MXene in the prepared mixed solution.
Specifically, the concentration of MXene in the mixed solution can be 1mg/mL, 2mg/mL, 3mg/mL and the like, and the mass ratio of MXene to acrylamide monomer can be 1.
Furthermore, the soaking time during swelling is 60-85h, water is replaced every 6-10h in the soaking process, unreacted monomers can be further removed in the soaking process, and the removal effect of impurities is further improved by replacing water; water can enter the pores sufficiently during the soaking process to swell them. Specifically, the soaking time is long and can be 60h, 65h, 70h, 75h, 80h, 85h and the like, and the interval time of water changing can be 6h, 8h, 10h and the like.
Further, the freezing and shaping time is 8-20h, such as 8h, 10h, 15h, 20h, etc., and can be performed in a refrigerator. The freeze drying time is 60-85h to remove water sufficiently, specifically 60h, 65h, 70h, 75h, 80h, 85h and the like, and the freeze drying temperature can be-30 ℃ to-40 ℃.
In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of N, N-Methylene Bisacrylamide (MBA), divinylbenzene, and diisocyanate; the initiator is at least one selected from potassium persulfate (KPS) and Ammonium Persulfate (APS), and the above raw materials are all suitable for the reaction system of the embodiment of the invention, and any one or more of the above raw materials can be selected. The mass ratio of the crosslinking agent to the acrylamide monomer is 0.5 to 0.7, and can be, for example, 0.5; the mass ratio of the initiator to the acrylamide monomer may be 3-5, 3, 100, 4.
In some embodiments, an inert gas is introduced into the system prior to the addition of the crosslinking agent and initiator to remove oxygen from the system to avoid the presence of oxygen from affecting the polymerization reaction.
S2, carrying hygroscopic compound
And loading the hygroscopic compound on the gel base material, so that the hygroscopic compound is loaded on the surface and in the pores of the gel base material. The loading mode is not limited, and a soaking mode can be adopted.
In some embodiments, the hygroscopic compound is selected from the group consisting of LiCl, caCl 2 、MgSO 4 And CuSO 4 At least one of the above-mentioned (B) can be one or a mixture of several kinds, preferably LiCl. The product prepared by using LiCl as the moisture absorption compound has more ideal moisture absorption effect.
In some embodiments, the process of loading the hygroscopic compound on the gel substrate comprises: the obtained gel base material is immersed in an aqueous solution of a hygroscopic compound, taken out, and dried. A hygroscopic compound such as LiCl is attached to the surface and pores of the gel by soaking, and the water is removed by drying.
In some embodiments, the concentration of the aqueous solution of the hygroscopic compound is 3.5-5mol/L, and because the introduction of chitosan can affect the size of pores to some extent, a higher concentration solution needs to be used for soaking to ensure the loading of materials such as LiCl and the like. Specifically, the concentration of the aqueous solution of the hygroscopic compound may be 3.5mol/L, 4.0mol/L, 4.5mol/L, 5.0mol/L, or the like.
Further, soaking in the water solution of hygroscopic compound for 15-35 hr, drying at 70-90 deg.C for 60-85 hr. The soaking time can be 15h, 20h, 25h, 30h, 35h and the like, the drying temperature can be 70 ℃,80 ℃, 90 ℃ and the like, and the drying time can be 60h, 65h, 70h, 75h, 80h, 85h and the like.
The embodiment of the invention provides a solar-driven high-strength atmospheric water-collecting composite material which comprises a gel base material, wherein moisture-absorbing compounds are loaded in pores and on the surface of the gel base material; wherein the gel base material contains MXene, chitosan and polyacrylamide. The solar-driven high-strength atmospheric water-collecting composite material can be prepared by the preparation method, has the characteristics of solar drive and high strength, and can be applied to sand solidification.
In some embodiments, the hygroscopic compound is loaded at 3-5.2g/g (e.g., 3.0g/g, 3.5g/g, 4.0g/g, 4.5g/g, 5.0g/g, 5.2g/g, etc.); preferably 3 to 4g/g; preferably, the mass ratio of MXene, chitosan and polyacrylamide in the gel matrix is 1; preferably 1.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a solar-driven high-strength atmospheric water-collecting composite material, which comprises the following steps:
weighing 2g of Chitosan (CS) and dissolving in 100mL of acetic acid solution (volume fraction is 2.5%) to prepare CS aqueous solution (w = 2%); 2mL of MXene dispersion liquid with the concentration of 5mg/mL is taken to be placed in a glass bottle, 3mLCS aqueous solution is added for ultrasonic treatment for 1h, and MXene is uniformly dispersed to obtain mixed solution; 0.5g of Acrylamide (AM) is weighed and added into the mixed solution to be fully dissolved by ultrasonic for 1min, and then nitrogen is continuously introduced into the solution to remove oxygen in water. After the nitrogen blowing is finished, 0.8mL of crosslinking agent MBA aqueous solution of 3.8mg/mL and 0.4mL of initiator KPS aqueous solution of 50mg/mL which are prepared in advance are rapidly added in sequence, ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 2min after magnetic stirring, the mixture reacts for 2h at 70 ℃ to form gel, and the gel is kept still overnight (about 12 h) to obtain PAM-MXene hydrogel which is marked as PAM-CS-MXene. The PAM-CS-MXene hydrogel is washed by a large amount of deionized water to remove unreacted monomers, and soaked for 72 hours, and water is changed every 8 hours to fully swell the PAM-CS-MXene hydrogel. After being frozen in a refrigerator for 12h, the mixture is frozen and dried for 72h.
(2) Soaking the freeze-dried aerogel in 10mL of a 4mol/mL LiCl aqueous solution for 24 hours, taking out, and placing in a 80 ℃ drying oven for 72 hours, wherein the mark is PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a solar-driven high-strength atmospheric water-collecting composite material, which comprises the following steps:
weighing 2g of Chitosan (CS) and dissolving in 200mL of acetic acid solution (volume fraction is 2%) to prepare CS aqueous solution (w = 1%); putting 2mL of MXene dispersion liquid with the concentration of 4mg/mL into a glass bottle, adding 6mLCS aqueous solution, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1h to uniformly disperse MXene to obtain a mixed solution (the concentration of MXene is 1 mg/mL); 0.32g of Acrylamide (AM) is weighed and added into the mixed solution to be fully dissolved by ultrasonic treatment for 1min, and then nitrogen is continuously introduced into the solution to remove oxygen in water. After nitrogen blowing is finished, 0.4mL of crosslinking agent MBA aqueous solution of 3.8mg/mL and 0.2mL of initiator KPS aqueous solution of 50mg/mL which are prepared in advance are rapidly added in sequence, ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 2min after magnetic stirring, the mixture reacts for 3h at 60 ℃ to form gel, and the gel is kept stand overnight (about 8 h) to obtain PAM-MXene hydrogel which is marked as PAM-CS-MXene. The PAM-CS-MXene hydrogel is washed by a large amount of deionized water to remove unreacted monomers, and soaked for 60 hours, and water is changed every 6 hours to fully swell the PAM-CS-MXene hydrogel. Freezing in refrigerator for 8 hr, and freeze drying for 60 hr.
(2) The aerogel after freeze drying is soaked in 10mL of LiCl aqueous solution with the concentration of 3.5mol/mL, the obtained product is taken out after 15 hours of soaking, and the obtained product is placed in a 70 ℃ drying box for 85 hours and is marked as PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a solar-driven high-strength atmospheric water-collecting composite material, which comprises the following steps:
weighing 3g of Chitosan (CS) and dissolving in 100mL of acetic acid solution (volume fraction is 3%) to prepare CS aqueous solution (w = 3%); 2mL of MXene dispersion liquid with the concentration of 6mg/mL is taken to be placed in a glass bottle, 2mL of LCS aqueous solution is added for ultrasonic treatment for 1h, and MXene is uniformly dispersed to obtain mixed solution (the concentration of MXene is 3 mg/mL); 0.72g of Acrylamide (AM) is weighed and added into the mixed solution to be fully dissolved by ultrasonic treatment for 1min, and then nitrogen is continuously introduced into the solution to remove oxygen in water. After the nitrogen blowing is finished, 1.3mL of crosslinking agent MBA aqueous solution of 3.8mg/mL and 0.7mL of initiator KPS aqueous solution of 50mg/mL which are prepared in advance are rapidly added in sequence, ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 2min after magnetic stirring, the mixture reacts for 1h at 80 ℃ to form gel, and PAM-MXene hydrogel which is marked as PAM-CS-MXene is obtained after standing for 24 h. The PAM-CS-MXene hydrogel was rinsed with a large amount of deionized water to remove unreacted monomers, and soaked for 85h, changing water every 10h to fully swell. After being frozen in a refrigerator for 20h, the mixture is freeze-dried for 85h.
(2) Soaking the aerogel after freeze drying in 10mL of 5mol/mL LiCl aqueous solution for 35h, taking out, placing in a drying oven at 90 ℃ for 60h, and marking as PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl.
Comparative example 1
The only difference from example 1 is: CS is not added in the preparation process.
Comparative example 2
The only difference from example 1 is: MXene was replaced by polypyrrole (PPy).
Test example 1
Test example 1A scanning electron micrograph of the PAM-CS-MXene matrix prepared in FIG. 2 shows that PAM-CS-MXene and PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl are arranged from top to bottom.
It can be seen that the PAM-CS-MXene matrix exhibits a dense porous morphology with interconnected pore channels.
Test example 2
The dynamic contact angle test of PAM-CS-MXene after freeze-drying is shown in FIG. 3.
It can be seen that the contact angle of PAM-CS-MXene surface to 100s was 0 °, and the contact angle at the instant of contact with the droplet was 86.72 °, demonstrating excellent hydrophilicity of the substrate.
Test example 3
The PAM-CS-MXene prepared in example 1 was subjected to UV-VIS-NIR testing and compared with comparative example 1, and the results are shown in FIG. 4.
As proved by UV-vis-NIR spectrum in the graph, PAM-CS-MXene hydrogel matrix has strong absorption intensity in the range of 240nm to 1400nm, and has remarkable light absorption intensity in the whole spectrum range compared with the matrix without MXene. The introduction of MXene enables solar energy falling on the hydrogel to be collected and then subjected to photothermal conversion, and sufficient energy is provided for the release of adsorbed water.
Test example 4
The PAM-CS-MXene hydrogel (water content 50%) prepared in example 1 was tested for tensile strength and elongation at break, and the results are shown in FIG. 5.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the PAM-CS-MXene hydrogel were as high as 1.303MPa and 1013.137%, respectively. The PAM-MXene hydrogel without CS has tensile strength and elongation at break up to 0.445MPa and 1090.13 percent respectively.
Test example 5
The moisture absorption properties of PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl prepared in example 1 were tested, and the results are shown in FIGS. 6 to 10.
The results show that: under the conditions of relative humidity of 30 percent, 40 percent, 60 percent, 80 percent and 90 percent and at the temperature of 25 ℃, the corresponding adsorption rates when PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl reaches saturation are respectively 5.00g -1 、3.35g g -1 、1.84g g -1 、1.36g g -1 、0.78g g -1 。
Test example 6
The release properties of PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl prepared in example 1 were tested and the results are shown in FIG. 11.
As can be seen from FIG. 11, the MXene-free PAM-CS-LiCl hydrogel had a light intensity of 1kW/m 2 Under the irradiation of (2), the temperature of the inner surface is slowly raised to 37.1 ℃ from room temperature within 180min, while PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl hydrogel is rapidly raised to 44.3 ℃ within 10min under the same condition, and the temperature can be as high as 57.6 ℃ within 180min at 0.5kW/m 2 、1kW/m 2 、1.5kW/m 2 、2kW/m 2 Under the light intensity of (2), the temperature of the inner surface can reach 43 ℃, 57.6 ℃, 74.7 ℃ and 82.8 ℃ respectively within 180 min. Irradiation at this different intensity for 4h, PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl released 58.28%, 81.56%, 90.53%, 94.17% of adsorbed water, respectively, while PAM-CS-LiCl at 1kW/m 2 The composite hydrogel can release less than 50% of absorbed water, and the excellent water release performance of the composite hydrogel is highlighted.
Test example 7
The PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl prepared in example 1 was tested for cycle durability, and the results are shown in FIG. 12.
5 times of durability cycle experiment of adsorption-desorption is carried out on PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl gel, and the result shows that: similar water absorption and residual content occurred with each cycle and no significant drop, indicating higher reusability.
Test example 8
Outdoor tests were performed on PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl prepared in example 1, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14.
At night with the average temperature of 30.27 ℃ and the relative humidity of 62.2%, 8.39g of PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl aerogel round sheets are fully contacted with air, and the moisture absorption is finished from seven o 'clock at night to eight o' clock at morning next day, 14.99g of atmospheric water is absorbed, and the water absorption is 1.79g/g.
The release experiment was completed from nine am to six pm (average temperature 36.48 ℃, light intensity 0.775 kW/m) 2 ) The aerogel is placed in a closed water collecting device, 7.74g of water is collected, and the water collecting rate is 0.9223L/kg.
Collecting water quality detection: leakage of LiCl was avoided by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), an ion chromatograph, and detecting the concentration of lithium and chloride ions in the collected water, as shown in fig. 15. The results showed that the lithium ion concentration was 3.3664mg L -1 . The concentration of chloride ion is 29.9806mg L -1 Below the drinking water chloride concentration limit (250 mg L) specified by the world health organization -1 ). The collected water is safe and meets the requirement of drinking water.
Test example 9
The comparative moisture absorption performance of the products obtained in PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl of the test example and PAM-CS-PPy-LiCl of the comparative example 2 was shown in FIG. 16. And (3) testing conditions are as follows: the test was carried out under 90% humidity conditions at 25 ℃. It can be seen that the moisture absorption performance of PAM-CS-MXene-LiCl is obviously better.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A solar-driven high-strength atmospheric water-collecting composite material is characterized by comprising a gel substrate, wherein the pores and the surface of the gel substrate are loaded with a moisture-absorbing compound;
wherein the gel base material contains MXene, chitosan and polyacrylamide.
2. The solar driven high intensity atmospheric water collection composite of claim 1, wherein said hygroscopic compound is selected from the group consisting of LiCl, caCl 2 、MgSO 4 And CuSO 4 At least one of; preferably LiCl.
3. The solar-powered high-strength atmospheric water-collecting composite material according to claim 1 wherein the loading of said hygroscopic compound is 3-5.2g/g; preferably 3 to 4g/g;
preferably, the mass ratio of MXene to chitosan to polyacrylamide in the gel base material is 1; preferably 1.
4. A method of making a solar-powered high-intensity atmospheric water-collecting composite as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising: preparing the gel base material containing MXene, chitosan and polyacrylamide, and supporting the hygroscopic compound on the gel base material.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the gel base is prepared by a process comprising: mixing and dissolving chitosan, MXene and acrylamide monomers, carrying out high-temperature reaction in the presence of a cross-linking agent and an initiator to form hydrogel, and swelling and freeze-drying the hydrogel;
preferably, the reaction temperature of the high-temperature reaction is 60-80 ℃, and the reaction lasts for 1-3h.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that chitosan is dissolved in an aqueous solution of acetic acid to obtain an aqueous solution of chitosan, the aqueous solution of chitosan is mixed with MXene dispersion to obtain a mixed solution, the mixed solution is mixed with acrylamide monomer to be dissolved, then the mixed solution is sequentially mixed with the cross-linking agent and the initiator to carry out high-temperature reaction to form hydrogel, the hydrogel is kept stand for 8-24h and then washed with water, then the washed hydrogel is soaked in water to swell, and after freeze-setting, the hydrogel is freeze-dried;
preferably, the soaking time is 60-85h, and the water is replaced every 6-10h in the soaking process;
preferably, the time for freezing and shaping is 8-20h, and the time for freezing and drying is 60-85h.
7. The preparation method of claim 6, wherein the concentration of MXene in the mixed solution is 1-3mg/mL, and the mass ratio of MXene to acrylamide monomer is 1;
preferably, the volume fraction of acetic acid is controlled to be 2-3% when the acetic acid aqueous solution is prepared, and the mass fraction of chitosan in the chitosan aqueous solution is 1-3%; the concentration of the MXene dispersion liquid is 4-6mg/mL.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the crosslinking agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of N, N-methylenebisacrylamide, divinylbenzene, and diisocyanate;
preferably, the initiator is selected from at least one of potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate;
preferably, the mass ratio of the cross-linking agent to the acrylamide monomer is 0.5-0.7;
preferably, before adding the cross-linking agent and the initiator, inert gas is introduced into the system to remove oxygen in the system.
9. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the step of supporting the hygroscopic compound on the gel base comprises: soaking the obtained gel base material in an aqueous solution formed by a hygroscopic compound, taking out and drying; wherein the concentration of the water solution of the hygroscopic compound is 3.5-5mol/L;
preferably, the soaking time is 15-35h, the drying temperature is 70-90 ℃, and the drying time is 60-85h.
10. Use of the solar-driven high-intensity atmospheric water-collecting composite material as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3 or the solar-driven high-intensity atmospheric water-collecting composite material prepared by the preparation method as defined in any one of claims 4 to 9 in sand solidification or ecological layer construction in arid regions.
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| CN112135676A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2020-12-25 | 阿卜杜拉国王科技大学 | Material and device for collecting water vapor |
| CN109943002A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-06-28 | 武汉大学 | It is a kind of from moisture absorption hydrogel, preparation method and based on its thermal management algorithm |
| CN110922611A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-03-27 | 杭州师范大学 | MXene hydrogel with high strength, conductivity and high and low temperature resistance as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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