CN115970054B - 3D printing porous bone scaffold loaded with silicon nitride and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
3D printing porous bone scaffold loaded with silicon nitride and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D printing porous bone scaffold loaded with silicon nitride, and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of prosthesis capable of being transplanted to bones or prosthesis materials. The biological ink aqueous dispersion is prepared by mixing gelatin aqueous solution with the concentration of 4-10% g/mL and silk fibroin aqueous solution with the concentration of 2-5% g/mL according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to form a composite solution, adding silicon nitride into the composite solution according to the mass-volume ratio of 1-8%g/mL of silicon nitride to the composite solution, and constructing the porous bracket by adopting a low-temperature forming 3D printing device and an organic combination physical crosslinking method. The invention has controllable porous structure, and can slowly release silicon ions to promote the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts, enhance the healing of bone defects and realize personalized bone defect treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of prostheses capable of being transplanted to bones or prosthetic materials, and particularly relates to a 3D printing porous bone scaffold loaded with silicon nitride, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Failure of bone tissue function is one of the main reasons for the reduction of life quality, repair of large-size bone defects has been a clinical problem, and autologous bone grafting or allogeneic bone grafting treatment strategies have limited the treatment effect to a great extent due to the defects of donor diseases, limited donors and the like, so that development of ideal bone stent grafts has important significance. Silicon nitride has the advantage of promoting bone regeneration as non-bioactive ceramics, and is widely used as a processing material for preparing non-degradable orthopedic medical devices such as a spine fusion device, a joint prosthesis and the like, but the non-degradable orthopedic medical devices are not found to be prepared into degradable bioactive stents for treating bone defects by compounding bioactive substances which are processed into nano particles and used as releasable silicon ions with natural materials such as silk fibroin, gelatin and the like. Although the traditional stent preparation process has certain advantages in the aspect of processing and forming, the traditional stent preparation process is not suitable for irregular wounds due to lack of adaptability to defect sizes, and the clinical customization requirement is not met. In view of the wide application of the current 3D printing technology in the aspect of customized orthopedic medical products, the 3D printing biological ink is prepared by creatively preparing silicon nitride, silk fibroin and gelatin, and is applied to labor ratio optimization and exploration of printing technology, so that the customized bone scaffold capable of releasing silicon ions is hopefully obtained, and the repairing effect of bone defect is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a 3D printing porous bone scaffold loaded with silicon nitride and a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the existing 3D printing bone scaffold is difficult to prepare in an irregular bone defect in a personalized way, has insufficient bioactivity and the like.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A3D printing porous bone support loaded with silicon nitride is prepared by mixing gelatin aqueous solution with concentration of 4-10% g/mL and silk fibroin aqueous solution with concentration of 2-5% g/mL according to a volume ratio of 1:1 to form a composite solution, adding silicon nitride into the composite solution according to a mass-volume ratio of 1-8%g/mL of the silicon nitride and the composite solution, and preparing the porous bone support by using low-temperature 3D printing equipment.
A preparation method of a 3D printing porous bone scaffold loaded with silicon nitride comprises the steps of mixing a gelatin aqueous solution with the concentration of 4-10% g/mL and a silk fibroin aqueous solution with the concentration of 2-5% g/mL according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to form a composite solution, adding silicon nitride into the composite solution according to the mass volume ratio of 1-8%g/mL of silicon nitride to form biological ink, stirring to prepare biological ink aqueous dispersion at 37 ℃, pre-cooling, placing the obtained gel in a 3D printer, printing layer by layer under the pressure of a printing spray head through extrusion, forming a semi-finished product of the multi-layer scaffold, soaking the semi-finished product in absolute ethyl alcohol, washing for 5 times by using 0.01 mol/L of phosphoric acid buffer solution, and freeze-drying to obtain the 3D printing porous bone scaffold.
The pre-cooling treatment temperature of the preparation method is 4 ℃ and the pre-cooling treatment time is 30min.
According to the preparation method, the temperature of the printing nozzle is set to 21 ℃, the temperature of the printing nozzle is balanced for 5min, and the temperature of the printer receiving platform is set to 4 ℃.
The diameter of the printing nozzle of the preparation method is 0.4-0.8mm, the pressure applied to the 3D printing nozzle is 60-500kPa, and the filament outlet distance is 200-1000 mu m.
The preparation method has the advantages that the number of the layer-by-layer printing layers is 5-10, and the printing speed is 40-60mm/s.
According to the preparation method, the bio-ink aqueous dispersion is required to be uniform and bubble-free.
An application of a 3D printing porous bone scaffold loaded with silicon nitride in preparing bone defect repair materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
aiming at the problems that the traditional porous scaffold is difficult to prepare in an individualized way and has insufficient bioactivity in irregular bone defects, the invention adopts a 3D printing technology to prepare the bioactive porous scaffold, so that the bioactive porous scaffold can release silicon ions, promote the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and strengthen the healing of bone defects, thereby realizing individualized bone defect treatment, and the specific advantages are as follows:
(1) The biodegradable natural silk fibroin and gelatin have better biocompatibility in material selection. The gelatin has the characteristic of low-temperature molding, and is favorable for low-temperature 3D printing of materials. The silk fibroin has good mechanical properties and can enhance the mechanical strength of gelatin.
(2) In the preparation process, the 3D printing technology is utilized to realize personalized preparation of the bracket; the scaffold is solidified by adopting a physical crosslinking method, and the preparation method has the characteristic of mild preparation conditions.
(3) The prepared scaffold has a uniform and controllable pore diameter structure, can release silicon ions, promote the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts, strengthen the healing of bone defects, and is beneficial to the repair and regeneration of bone defects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing the macro-morphology A and the micro-morphology B of a porous bone scaffold according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the behavior of the porous bone scaffold according to the present invention in terms of silicon ion release;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the porous bone scaffold of the present invention on promoting rBMSCs osteogenic differentiation;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of printing a porous bone scaffold on promoting bone regeneration using hematoxylin & eosin staining evaluation;
fig. 5 is a graph showing the effect of printing porous bone scaffolds on promoting bone regeneration using a mason trichromatic staining evaluation.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the specific examples and the accompanying drawings, but the examples are not intended to be limiting.
The experimental methods and the detection methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials, unless otherwise specified, are commercially available.
The invention is characterized in that:
in order to solve the problems that the traditional porous scaffold is difficult to prepare in an individualized way in irregular bone defect and has insufficient bioactivity, the porous scaffold is constructed by taking silicon nitride as a bioactive substance, taking silk fibroin and gelatin as biological ink through a low-temperature 3D printing device and organically combining a physical crosslinking method.
The following examples and data illustrate the present invention in detail.
Example 1
The preparation method of the 3D printing porous bone scaffold loaded with the silicon nitride comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing biological ink: preparing gelatin water solution with the concentration of 5% g/mL and silk fibroin water solution (SF solution) with the concentration of 2.5% g/mL, and mixing the gelatin water solution and the silk fibroin water solution according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to form a composite solution; and adding silicon nitride into the composite solution according to the mass-volume ratio of the silicon nitride to the composite solution of 8%g/mL to form the biological ink. Placing the ink into a water bath kettle with the temperature of 37 ℃ and fully stirring to uniformly disperse the silicon nitride, and transferring the silicon nitride into a feeding pipe of a printer for standby.
(2) Preparation of a 3D printing porous bone scaffold loaded with silicon nitride: the cartridge filled with the ink is placed in a printing nozzle, the temperature of the nozzle is set to be 4 ℃ for precooling the ink for 30min, then the temperature of the nozzle is set to be 21 ℃, the temperature of a printing receiving platform is set to be 4 ℃ at the same time, and printing is performed after balancing for 5 min. In the printing process, printing is carried out layer by layer from bottom to top, the number of printing layers is 8, the printing speed is 50mm/s, and the diameter of a printing needle head is 0.6mm; the pressure applied to the 3D printing head was 100kPa, and the filament pitch was 500. Mu.m.
Example 2
The preparation method of the 3D printing porous bone scaffold loaded with the silicon nitride comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing biological ink: preparing a gelatin water solution with the concentration of 6%g/mL and an SF solution with the concentration of 3%g/mL, and mixing the gelatin water solution and the SF solution according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to form a composite solution; and adding silicon nitride into the composite solution according to the mass-volume ratio of the silicon nitride to the composite solution of 4%g/mL to form the biological ink. Placing the ink into a water bath kettle with the temperature of 37 ℃ and fully stirring to uniformly disperse the silicon nitride, and transferring the silicon nitride into a feeding pipe of a printer for standby.
(2) Preparation of a 3D printing porous bone scaffold loaded with silicon nitride: the cartridge filled with the ink is placed in a printing nozzle, the temperature of the nozzle is set to be 4 ℃ for precooling the ink for 30min, then the temperature of the nozzle is set to be 21 ℃, the temperature of a printing receiving platform is set to be 4 ℃ at the same time, and printing is performed after balancing for 5 min. In the printing process, printing is carried out layer by layer from bottom to top, the number of printing layers is 10, the printing speed is 50mm/s, and the diameter of a printing needle head is 0.6mm; the pressure applied to the 3D printing head was 150kPa, and the filament pitch was 400. Mu.m.
Example 3
The preparation method of the 3D printing porous bone scaffold loaded with the silicon nitride comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing biological ink: preparing a gelatin water solution with the concentration of 8%g/mL and an SF solution with the concentration of 4%g/mL, and mixing the gelatin water solution and the SF solution according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to form a composite solution; and adding silicon nitride into the composite solution according to the mass-volume ratio of the silicon nitride to the composite solution of 1%g/mL to form the biological ink. Placing the ink into a water bath kettle with the temperature of 37 ℃ and fully stirring to uniformly disperse the silicon nitride, and transferring the silicon nitride into a feeding pipe of a printer for standby.
(2) Preparation of a 3D printing porous bone scaffold loaded with silicon nitride: the cartridge filled with the ink is placed in a printing nozzle, the temperature of the nozzle is set to be 4 ℃ for precooling the ink for 30min, then the temperature of the nozzle is set to be 21 ℃, the temperature of a printing receiving platform is set to be 4 ℃ at the same time, and printing is performed after balancing for 5 min. In the printing process, printing is carried out layer by layer from bottom to top, the number of printing layers is 5, the printing speed is 60mm/s, and the diameter of a printing needle head is 0.8mm; the pressure applied to the 3D printing head was 200kPa, and the filament pitch was 800. Mu.m.
The stent prepared in the above examples 1 to 3 has similar properties, and the structure and properties of the stent will be described below by taking example 3 only as an example.
Specifically, performance tests were performed on the silicon nitride-loaded 3D-printed porous bone scaffold prepared in example 3 above, as follows:
(1) Photographing the macroscopic morphology of the 3D printing porous bone scaffold loaded with silicon nitride, and observing the microstructure of the scaffold by adopting a scanning electron microscope, as shown in figure 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the scaffold has a net-shaped porous structure, and the pore canal penetrates through, and the pore diameter structure is 643.96 +/-59.25 mu m.
(2) And (3) detecting the silicon ion release performance of the bracket:
The rack was weighed and 350mg was added to a centrifuge tube containing 20mL of PBS, the centrifuge tube was fixed to a vertical mixer and shaken, the whole of the above-mentioned apparatus was put into a condition of 37℃for experiment, 12mL of the release liquid was taken out at a specific time point (days 1,3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28) while 12mL of fresh PBS was supplemented, the release liquid was diluted and then filtered with a 0.45 μm filter membrane, and the Si ion concentration in the release liquid was measured by an ICP-OES instrument, and the result is shown in FIG. 2.
The results in fig. 2 show that: the stent has the capability of releasing Si ions, the concentration of the Si ions released by the stent on the 1 st day is 8.90+/-0.18 ppm respectively, and the concentration of the Si ions released by the stent on the 28 th day is 62.98+/-00.13 ppm respectively, which shows that the stent can release Si for 28 days, and provides a guarantee for the stent to promote the exertion of the bone bioactivity.
(3) The scaffold facilitates bone activity detection in vitro:
Adding 1mL of 0.1% gelatin into each hole of a cell culture 6-hole plate, shaking to cover the bottom surface of the hole plate, standing for 30min, discarding gelatin, airing for standby, planting large-source bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) into the 6-hole plate according to the density of 15 ten thousand bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells/hole, culturing for 24 hours in a normal culture medium, replacing the culture medium with an osteogenic induction culture medium, adding a sterilized bracket to co-culture with the cells, replacing the fresh culture medium once every three days, performing alkaline phosphatase staining after induction for 7 days, performing alizarin red staining after 14 days, and evaluating the osteogenic induction effect of the bracket on rBMSCs, wherein the result is shown in a figure 3.
The results in fig. 3 show that: the silicon nitride containing stent group may have significant alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red positive staining, indicating that the silicon nitride containing stent group may promote the formation of early alkaline phosphatase in osteogenesis and the deposition of calcium matrix in later stages of osteogenesis.
(4) And (3) in-vivo bone repair promotion detection of the bracket:
SPF-grade male SD rats weighing 280-320g established 3mm diameter and 3mm depth femur defects and were divided into 3 groups, including a blank group without any stent implanted, a stent group without added silicon nitride, and a stent group with silicon nitride. Penicillin sodium intramuscular injection was performed for 3 consecutive days post-surgery to combat infection. The materials were taken at two time points of 4 weeks and 8 weeks, and after fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde for 48 hours, decalcification treatment was performed for 6 weeks. Subsequently, paraffin embedding was performed, the sections were sectioned, and the sections were subjected to hematoxylin & eosin staining and Masen trichromatic staining, and bone defect repair was evaluated, and the results are shown in fig. 4 and 5.
The results of fig. 4 and 5 show that: after 4 weeks of defect repair, the defect area of the stent group containing silicon nitride was reduced and there was significant collagen production; with the increase of repair time, at week 8, the defect region containing the silicon nitride scaffold was further healed, and the newly formed bone was more complete and enriched in higher collagen components, indicating that the silicon nitride scaffold containing group significantly promoted regeneration of bone defects.
Claims (8)
1. A porous bone scaffold of 3D printing of load silicon nitride, its characterized in that: the biological ink aqueous dispersion in the printer feeding tube is prepared by mixing gelatin aqueous solution with the concentration of 4-10% g/mL and silk fibroin aqueous solution with the concentration of 2-5% g/mL according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to form a composite solution, adding silicon nitride into the composite solution according to the mass volume ratio of 1-8%g/mL of silicon nitride to the composite solution, and preparing the biological ink aqueous dispersion by using low-temperature 3D printing equipment.
2.A preparation method of a 3D printing porous bone scaffold loaded with silicon nitride is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing gelatin water solution with the concentration of 4-10% g/mL and silk fibroin water solution with the concentration of 2-5% g/mL according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to form a composite solution, adding silicon nitride into the composite solution according to the mass volume ratio of 1-8%g/mL of silicon nitride to form biological ink, stirring at 37 ℃ to prepare biological ink aqueous dispersion, pre-cooling, placing the obtained gel in a 3D printer, printing layer by layer under the pressure of a printing nozzle by extrusion, forming a multi-layer bracket semi-finished product, soaking by absolute ethyl alcohol, washing for 5 times by using 0.01mol/L of phosphoric acid buffer solution, and freeze-drying to obtain the 3D printing porous bone bracket.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the pre-cooling treatment is carried out at 4 ℃ for 30min.
4. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the print head temperature was set at 21 ℃, equilibrated for 5min, and the printer receiving platform temperature was set at 4 ℃.
5. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the diameter of the printing nozzle is 0.4-0.8mm, the pressure applied to the 3D printing nozzle is 60-500kPa, and the filament outlet distance is 200-1000 mu m.
6. A method of preparation according to claim 3, characterized in that: the number of the printing layers is 5-10, and the printing speed is 40-60mm/s.
7. The method of manufacture of claim 2, wherein; the aqueous bio-ink dispersion should be uniform and bubble free.
8. Use of a silicon nitride loaded 3D printed porous bone scaffold according to claim 1 for the preparation of bone defect repair materials.
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