CN115970054A - Silicon nitride-loaded 3D printing porous bone scaffold and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Silicon nitride-loaded 3D printing porous bone scaffold and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115970054A
CN115970054A CN202310017281.0A CN202310017281A CN115970054A CN 115970054 A CN115970054 A CN 115970054A CN 202310017281 A CN202310017281 A CN 202310017281A CN 115970054 A CN115970054 A CN 115970054A
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printing
silicon nitride
preparation
loaded
aqueous solution
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杨强
董云生
王淑芬
万金鹏
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TIANJIN HOSPITAL
Nankai University
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TIANJIN HOSPITAL
Nankai University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a silicon nitride-loaded 3D printing porous bone scaffold as well as a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of prostheses capable of being transplanted to bones or prosthesis materials. The biological ink dispersion liquid is a composite solution formed by mixing a gelatin aqueous solution with the concentration of 4-10 percent and a silk fibroin aqueous solution with the concentration of 2-5 percent g/mL according to the volume ratio of 1. The invention has controllable porous structure, and can slowly release silicon ions to promote the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts, enhance the healing of bone defect and realize personalized bone defect treatment.

Description

Silicon nitride-loaded 3D printing porous bone scaffold and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of prostheses capable of being transplanted to bones or prosthesis materials, and particularly relates to a silicon nitride-loaded 3D printing porous bone scaffold and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The failure of bone tissue function is one of the main reasons for the decline of life quality, the repair of large-size bone defects is always a clinical problem, the treatment effect of autologous bone transplantation or allogeneic bone transplantation treatment strategies is limited to a great extent due to the defects of donor diseases, limited donors and the like, and the development of ideal bone scaffold grafts has important significance. Silicon nitride has the advantage of promoting bone regeneration as a non-bioactive ceramic, and is widely used for preparing non-degradable orthopedic medical instruments such as spinal fusion cages, joint prostheses and the like as a processing material, but the fact that the silicon nitride is processed into nanoparticles as bioactive substances capable of releasing silicon ions and natural materials such as silk fibroin and gelatin are compounded to form a degradable bioactive scaffold for treating bone defect regeneration is not found. Although the traditional stent preparation process has certain advantages in the aspect of processing and forming, the traditional stent preparation process is not suitable for irregular wounds due to the lack of adaptability to defect sizes, and cannot meet the clinical customized requirements. In view of the wide application of the current 3D printing technology in the aspect of customized orthopedic medical products, the customized bone scaffold capable of releasing silicon ions is hopefully obtained by creatively preparing the 3D printing biological ink from silicon nitride, silk fibroin and gelatin and exploring the labor proportioning optimization and printing process, so that the repairing effect in the aspect of bone defects is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a silicon nitride-loaded 3D printing porous bone scaffold and a preparation method and application thereof, aiming at solving the problems that the existing 3D printing bone scaffold is difficult to individually prepare in irregular bone defect, insufficient in biological activity and the like.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A porous bone scaffold for 3D printing of load silicon nitride is prepared from gelatin aqueous solution with concentration of 4-10% g/mL and silk fibroin aqueous solution with concentration of 2-5% g/mL through mixing at volume ratio of 1.
A preparation method of a silicon nitride-loaded 3D printing porous bone scaffold comprises the steps of mixing a gelatin aqueous solution with the concentration of 4-10 percent g/mL and a silk fibroin aqueous solution with the concentration of 2-5 percent g/mL into a composite solution according to the volume ratio of 1.
The preparation method has the precooling treatment temperature of 4 ℃ and the precooling treatment time of 30min.
According to the preparation method, the temperature of a printing nozzle is set to be 21 ℃, the balance is carried out for 5min, and the temperature of a printer receiving platform is set to be 4 ℃.
According to the preparation method, the diameter of the printing nozzle is 0.4-0.8mm, the pressure applied to the 3D printing nozzle is 60-500kPa, and the filament outlet distance is 200-1000 microns.
According to the preparation method, the number of layers is 5-10, and the printing speed is 40-60mm/s.
The preparation method needs the biological ink dispersion liquid to be uniform and bubble-free.
An application of a silicon nitride-loaded 3D printing porous bone scaffold in preparation of a bone defect repairing material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
aiming at the problems that the traditional porous scaffold is difficult to prepare in an individualized way and insufficient in biological activity in irregular bone defects, the bioactive porous scaffold is prepared by adopting a 3D printing technology, so that silicon ions can be released, osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is promoted, and healing of the bone defects is enhanced, so that individualized bone defect treatment is realized, and the specific advantages are as follows:
(1) In the selection of materials, the biodegradable natural silk fibroin and the gelatin have better biocompatibility. The gelatin has the characteristic of low-temperature molding, and is beneficial to low-temperature 3D printing of materials. The silk fibroin has good mechanical property and can enhance the mechanical strength of the gelatin.
(2) In the preparation process, the 3D printing technology is utilized, so that the personalized preparation of the bracket can be realized; the physical crosslinking method is adopted for curing the bracket, and the preparation method has the characteristic of mild preparation conditions.
(3) Functionally, the prepared scaffold has a uniform and controllable pore size structure, can release silicon ions, promotes the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, enhances the healing of bone defects, and is beneficial to the repair and regeneration of bone defects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an observation of a macro-morphology A and a micro-morphology B of a porous bone scaffold according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the silicon ion release behavior of the porous bone scaffold of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the osteogenic differentiation promoting effect of rBMSCs in the porous bone scaffold according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the effect of printing porous bone scaffolds to promote bone regeneration using hematoxylin & eosin staining evaluation;
fig. 5 is a graph of the effect of printing a porous bone scaffold on promoting bone regeneration using masson trichrome stain evaluation.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood and enable one skilled in the art to practice the present invention, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples and drawings, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
The experimental methods and the detection methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials were all commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The invention conception of the invention is as follows:
in order to solve the problems that the traditional porous scaffold is difficult to individually prepare in irregular bone defects and insufficient in biological activity, the invention provides the porous scaffold which is constructed by taking silicon nitride as a bioactive substance, taking silk fibroin and gelatin as biological ink and organically combining a physical crosslinking method through low-temperature 3D printing equipment.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and data.
Example 1
The preparation method of the silicon nitride-loaded 3D printing porous bone scaffold comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of biological ink: preparing a gelatin aqueous solution having a concentration of 5% g/mL and a silk fibroin aqueous solution (SF solution) having a concentration of 2.5% g/mL, and mixing them at a volume ratio of 1; subsequently, silicon nitride was added to the composite solution in a proportion of 8% by mass/mL of the mass-to-volume ratio of silicon nitride to the composite solution to form a bio-ink. And (3) placing the ink into a water bath kettle at 37 ℃ and fully stirring to uniformly disperse the silicon nitride, and transferring the ink into a feeding pipe of a printer for later use.
(2) Preparing a silicon nitride-loaded 3D printing porous bone scaffold: and (3) placing the material cylinder filled with the ink into a printing nozzle, pre-cooling the ink for 30min by setting the temperature of the nozzle to be 4 ℃, then setting the temperature of the nozzle to be 21 ℃, setting the temperature of a printing receiving platform to be 4 ℃ at the same time, and carrying out printing after 5min of balance. In the printing process, printing layer by layer from bottom to top, wherein the number of printing layers is 8, the printing speed is 50mm/s, and the diameter of a printing needle head is 0.6mm; the pressure applied to the 3D printing nozzle is 100kPa, and the filament outlet distance is 500 mu m.
Example 2
The preparation method of the silicon nitride-loaded 3D printing porous bone scaffold comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing biological ink: preparing a gelatin aqueous solution having a concentration of 6% g/mL and an SF solution having a concentration of 3% g/mL, and mixing the two solutions at a volume ratio of 1; subsequently, silicon nitride was added to the composite solution at 4%. And (3) placing the ink into a water bath kettle at 37 ℃, fully stirring to uniformly disperse silicon nitride, and transferring the ink into a feeding pipe of a printer for later use.
(2) Preparing a silicon nitride-loaded 3D printing porous bone scaffold: and (3) placing the material cylinder filled with the ink into a printing nozzle, pre-cooling the ink for 30min by setting the temperature of the nozzle to be 4 ℃, then setting the temperature of the nozzle to be 21 ℃, setting the temperature of a printing receiving platform to be 4 ℃ at the same time, balancing for 5min, and then printing. In the printing process, printing layer by layer from bottom to top, wherein the number of printing layers is 10, the printing speed is 50mm/s, and the diameter of a printing needle head is 0.6mm; the pressure applied to the 3D printing nozzle is 150kPa, and the filament outlet distance is 400 mu m.
Example 3
The preparation method of the silicon nitride-loaded 3D printing porous bone scaffold comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing biological ink: preparing an aqueous gelatin solution having a concentration of 8% g/mL and an SF solution having a concentration of 4% g/mL, and mixing the two solutions at a ratio of 1; subsequently, silicon nitride was added to the composite solution at 1% g/mL by mass/volume of the silicon nitride to composite solution to form a bio-ink. And (3) placing the ink into a water bath kettle at 37 ℃, fully stirring to uniformly disperse silicon nitride, and transferring the ink into a feeding pipe of a printer for later use.
(2) Preparing a silicon nitride-loaded 3D printing porous bone scaffold: and (3) placing the material cylinder filled with the ink into a printing nozzle, pre-cooling the ink for 30min by setting the temperature of the nozzle to be 4 ℃, then setting the temperature of the nozzle to be 21 ℃, setting the temperature of a printing receiving platform to be 4 ℃ at the same time, and carrying out printing after 5min of balance. In the printing process, printing layer by layer from bottom to top, wherein the number of printing layers is 5, the printing speed is 60mm/s, and the diameter of a printing needle is 0.8mm; the pressure applied to the 3D printing nozzle is 200kPa, and the filament outlet distance is 800 μm.
The properties of the scaffolds prepared in examples 1-3 above are similar, and the structure and properties of the scaffold will be described below by taking example 3 as an example only.
Specifically, the porous bone scaffold loaded with silicon nitride and printed in 3D prepared in the above example 3 was subjected to a performance test as follows:
(1) The macroscopic morphology of the silicon nitride-loaded 3D printed porous bone scaffold was photographed and the microstructure of the scaffold was observed using a scanning electron microscope, as shown in FIG. 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the scaffold has a net-shaped porous structure, and the pore channels penetrate through the scaffold, and the pore diameter structure is 643.96 +/-59.25 μm.
(2) And (3) detecting the release performance of the bracket silicon ions:
350mg of the support is weighed and respectively added into a centrifuge tube containing 20mL of PBS, the centrifuge tube is fixed on a vertical mixer for shaking, the whole device is placed in a condition of 37 ℃ for experiment, 12mL of release solution is taken out at specific time points (days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28), 12mL of fresh PBS is supplemented, the release solution is diluted and filtered by a filter membrane of 0.45 mu m, and the concentration of Si ions in the release solution is measured by an ICP-OES instrument, and the result is shown in figure 2.
The results in FIG. 2 show that: the stent has the capability of releasing Si ions, the concentrations of the Si ions released by the stent on the 1 st day are respectively 8.90 +/-0.18 ppm, and the concentrations of the Si ions released by the stent on the 28 th day are respectively 62.98 +/-00.13 ppm, which shows that the stent can release Si for up to 28 days, and provides guarantee for the development of bone bioactivity of the stent.
(3) And (3) detecting the in-vitro osteogenesis promoting activity of the scaffold:
adding 1mL of 0.1% gelatin into each hole of a 6-hole plate for cell culture, shaking uniformly to cover the bottom surface of the plate, standing for 30min, removing the gelatin, airing for standby use, planting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) from a large source into the 6-hole plate according to the density of 15 ten thousand cells/hole, culturing for 24 hours in a normal culture medium, replacing with an osteogenesis induction culture medium, adding a sterilized scaffold and co-culturing with the cells, replacing a fresh culture medium every three days, inducing for 7 days, then carrying out alkaline phosphatase staining, carrying out alizarin red staining after 14 days, and evaluating the osteogenesis induction effect of the scaffold on the rBMSCs, wherein the result is shown in figure 3.
The results in FIG. 3 show that: the bracket group containing silicon nitride can have red positive coloration which is remarkably advanced by alkaline phosphatase and alizarin, and the bracket group containing silicon nitride can promote the generation of alkaline phosphatase in the early osteogenesis stage and the deposition of calcium matrix in the later osteogenesis stage.
(4) And (3) detection of bone repair promotion in the stent body:
SPF grade males, SD rats weighing 280-320g, established femoral defects 3mm in diameter and 3mm in depth and were divided into 3 groups, including a blank control group without any stent implanted, a stent group without silicon nitride added, and a stent group containing silicon nitride. After operation, the penicillin sodium intramuscular injection is continuously injected for 3 days to resist infection. The materials were taken at two time points of 4 weeks and 8 weeks, and were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 48 hours, followed by 6 weeks of decalcification. Subsequently, paraffin embedding was performed, the sections were sectioned, and the sections were subjected to hematoxylin & eosin staining and masson trichrome staining to evaluate bone defect repair, as shown in fig. 4 and 5.
The results of fig. 4 and 5 show that: after the defect is repaired for 4 weeks, the defect area of the bracket group containing silicon nitride is reduced, and obvious collagen is generated; with the increase of the repair time, at week 8, the defect region containing the silicon nitride scaffold group was further healed, and the newly-grown bone was more complete and rich in a higher collagen component, indicating that the silicon nitride scaffold group can significantly promote the regeneration of the bone defect.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a porous bone scaffold of 3D printing of load silicon nitride which characterized in that: the bio-ink dispersion in the charging tube of the printer was prepared by mixing 4-10% g/mL of gelatin aqueous solution and 2-5% g/mL of silk fibroin aqueous solution in a volume ratio of 1.
2. A preparation method of a silicon nitride-loaded 3D printing porous bone scaffold is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing a gelatin aqueous solution with the concentration of 4-10 percent g/mL and a silk fibroin aqueous solution with the concentration of 2-5 percent g/mL according to the volume ratio of 1.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the pre-cooling treatment temperature is 4 deg.C, and the time is 30min.
4. The production method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the temperature of the printing nozzle is set to be 21 ℃, the balance time is 5min, and the temperature of the printer receiving platform is set to be 4 ℃.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein: the diameter of the printing nozzle is 0.4-0.8mm, the pressure applied to the 3D printing nozzle is 60-500kPa, and the filament outlet distance is 200-1000 μm.
6. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the number of layers to be printed layer by layer is 5-10 layers, and the printing speed is 40-60mm/s.
7. The production method according to claim 2, characterized in that; the bio-ink dispersion needs to be uniform and bubble free.
8. An application of a silicon nitride-loaded 3D printing porous bone scaffold in preparation of a bone defect repairing material.
CN202310017281.0A 2023-01-06 2023-01-06 Silicon nitride-loaded 3D printing porous bone scaffold and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN115970054A (en)

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