CN115966616B - Passivation laminated battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Passivation laminated battery and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115966616B CN115966616B CN202310083510.9A CN202310083510A CN115966616B CN 115966616 B CN115966616 B CN 115966616B CN 202310083510 A CN202310083510 A CN 202310083510A CN 115966616 B CN115966616 B CN 115966616B
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- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper indium Chemical compound [Cu].[In] HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=CSC=C21 GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BZFGKBQHQJVAHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 BZFGKBQHQJVAHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KIMPAVBWSFLENS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-carbazol-9-ylethylphosphonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3N(C1=2)CCP(O)(O)=O KIMPAVBWSFLENS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCS DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HTPXFGUCAUTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9h-fluorene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C2 HTPXFGUCAUTOEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DNVJGJUGFFYUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9h-fluorene-9-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 DNVJGJUGFFYUPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCC JYFHYPJRHGVZDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001548 drop coating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TWBYWOBDOCUKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonicotinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 TWBYWOBDOCUKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- QNWMNMIVDYETIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium(ii) selenide Chemical compound [Se]=[Ga] QNWMNMIVDYETIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells and provides a passivation laminated cell and a preparation method thereof, wherein the passivation laminated cell comprises a first cell group and a second cell group which are arranged in a laminated manner and connected in series or in parallel, and the side surfaces of the first cell group and the side surfaces of the second cell group are respectively provided with a first passivation layer; the upper surface of the first battery pack and the lower surface of the second battery pack are provided with second passivation layers; when the first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected in series, a first passivation layer is arranged on the exposed surface when the second battery pack is in laminated contact with the first battery pack; when the first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected in parallel, a second passivation layer is arranged on the exposed surface when the second battery pack and the first battery pack are in laminated contact; the material of the first passivation layer comprises an organic passivation material; the material of the second passivation layer includes an organic passivation material and a low dimensional conductive material. Through the technical scheme, the technical problems that the passivation process of the laminated battery in the related technology is complex, the cost is high, the battery structure is damaged by high-temperature passivation, and the battery efficiency is reduced are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a passivation laminated cell and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The laminated solar cell is formed by connecting solar cells with different band gaps in series, has a relatively simple structure, and can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. The laminated battery at two ends is consistent with the structure of the current industrialized battery, is compared with the structure of the laminated battery at four ends, does not need to additionally increase equipment such as an inverter when being prepared into power stations and the like for industrialized application, and can be compatible with the industrialized process, thus becoming a main research object. In the two-end laminated battery, the perovskite/crystalline silicon two-end laminated battery directly grows a perovskite battery on a silicon battery, and the middle is connected with two sub-batteries through a composite layer, so that a serial structure is realized, the perovskite/crystalline silicon two-end laminated battery has realized authentication efficiency of 32.5%, and the great potential of the structural battery is further proved.
However, the side defects of a laminate battery made of two different semiconductor materials seriously affect the further improvement of the battery efficiency. Existing passivation techniques such as SiO 2 Passivation, a-Si: H passivation, siNx passivation or Al 2 O 3 Passivation is not compatible with the current perovskite/crystalline silicon laminate cell process. That is, when one subcell is passivated, it may be necessary to mask another subcell to avoid contamination of the cell by the passivation material, and the high temperature process required to passivate the crystalline silicon cell may damage the perovskite cell structure, thus making passivation of the stacked cell difficult in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a passivation laminated battery and a preparation method thereof, which solve the technical problems of complex passivation process, higher cost and high-temperature passivation damage to a battery structure and reduction of battery efficiency of the laminated battery in the related technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a passivation laminated battery, which comprises a first battery group and a second battery group which are arranged in a laminated way,
the first battery pack is connected with the second battery pack in series or in parallel;
a first passivation layer is arranged on the side surface of the first battery pack and the side surface of the second battery pack;
a second passivation layer is arranged on the upper surface of the first battery pack and the lower surface of the second battery pack;
when the first battery pack is connected with the second battery pack in series, the first passivation layer is arranged on the exposed surface when the second battery pack is in laminated contact with the first battery pack;
when the first battery pack is connected with the second battery pack in parallel, the second passivation layer is arranged on the exposed surface when the second battery pack is in laminated contact with the first battery pack;
the material of the first passivation layer comprises an organic passivation material;
the material of the second passivation layer includes an organic passivation material and a low dimensional conductive material.
As a further technical scheme, the first battery pack and the second battery pack each independently comprise a sub-battery or a plurality of sub-batteries connected in parallel, and the side surface of each sub-battery is provided with the first passivation layer.
As a further technical solution, the first battery pack and the second battery pack each independently include a silicon battery, a perovskite battery, a gallium arsenide battery, a copper indium gallium selenium battery, a dye sensitized battery and an organic polymer battery.
As a further technical scheme, the organic passivation material comprises an organic compound containing a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group or a carboxylic acid group.
The organic compound containing the sulfonic group comprises one or more of Nafion, perfluorosulfonic acid and polystyrene sulfonic acid;
the organic compound containing the phosphate group comprises one or more of 2PACz, meO-2PACz and dibutyl phosphate;
the organic compound containing carboxylic acid groups comprises one or more of mercaptopropionic acid, 4-pyridine carboxylic acid, fluorene-9-carboxylic acid and fluorene-1-carboxylic acid.
As a further technical scheme, the low-dimensional conductive material comprises poly-3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene conductive polymer nano particles, carbon nano tubes, graphene and MoS 2 Black phosphorus, WSe 2 Nanotubes, hexagonal boron nitride, and MXene.
As a further technical scheme, the passivation laminated battery further comprises a third battery pack laminated with the second battery pack, wherein the third battery pack is connected with the second battery pack in series or in parallel;
the side surface of the third battery pack is provided with the first passivation layer;
when the third battery pack is connected with the second battery pack in series, the first passivation layer is arranged on the exposed surface when the second battery pack is in laminated contact with the third battery pack;
when the third battery pack is connected with the second battery pack in parallel, the second passivation layer is arranged on the exposed surface when the second battery pack is in laminated contact with the third battery pack;
the lower surfaces of the third battery packs are all provided with the second passivation layers.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the passivation laminated battery, which comprises the following steps:
s1, laminating a first battery pack in series or in parallel on a second battery pack to obtain a laminated battery;
s2, preparing a material solution of the first passivation layer and a material solution of the second passivation layer;
s3, when the second battery pack is connected with the first battery pack in series, coating a material solution of a passivation layer on the side surface of the first battery pack, the side surface of the second battery pack and the exposed surface of the second battery pack when the second battery pack and the first battery pack are in laminated contact under the condition of normal temperature and normal pressure by adopting a coating process to prepare the first passivation layer; coating a material solution of a second passivation layer on the upper surface of the first battery pack and the lower surface of the second battery pack by adopting a coating process at normal temperature and normal pressure to prepare a second passivation layer, so as to obtain a passivation laminated battery;
or when the second battery pack is connected with the first battery pack in parallel, coating a material solution of a passivation layer on the side surface of the first battery pack and the side surface of the second battery pack by adopting a coating process under the condition of normal temperature and normal pressure to prepare a first passivation layer; and coating a material solution of the second passivation layer on the upper surface of the first battery pack, the lower surface of the second battery pack and the exposed surface of the second battery pack when the second battery pack and the first battery pack are in laminated contact by adopting a coating process at normal temperature and normal pressure to prepare a second passivation layer, so as to obtain the passivation laminated battery.
As a further technical solution, the coating process includes one of spraying, spin coating, knife coating, printing or drop coating.
As a further technical scheme, the material solution of the first passivation layer comprises an organic passivation material and a solvent, and the mass concentration of the material solution of the first passivation layer is 0.3% -6.0%; the solvent comprises one or more of water, methanol, ethanol and isopropanol.
As a further technical scheme, the material solution of the second passivation layer comprises an organic passivation material, a low-dimensional conductive material and a solvent, wherein the mass ratio of the organic passivation material to the low-dimensional conductive material to the solvent is (50-1000) (0.4-1.6) (0-950), and the solvent comprises one or more of water, methanol, ethanol and isopropanol.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the laminated battery, the first passivation layers are arranged on the side face of the first battery pack, the side face of the second battery pack and the exposed face of the second battery pack when the second battery pack and the first battery pack are in laminated contact, and when the side face of the first battery pack is passivated, the side face and the exposed face of the second battery pack do not need to be protected by masks so as to prevent the battery from being polluted by passivation materials, so that the passivation process is simpler and the cost is low.
2. According to the invention, the first passivation layer is arranged on the side face of the first battery pack, the side face of the second battery pack and the exposed face, dipoles are orderly arranged on the side face of the first battery pack, the side face of the second battery pack and the exposed face, the orientations are consistent, a polarization field is formed, and the ferroelectric polarization field of the side face of the first battery pack and the side face of the second battery pack drives minority carriers to be far away from the side face of the first battery pack, the side face of the second battery pack and the exposed face, so that the purpose of passivating dangling bonds and defect states in the side face of the first battery pack, the side face of the second battery pack and the exposed face is achieved, carrier recombination of the side face of the first battery pack, the side face of the second battery pack and the exposed face is reduced, open circuit voltage and filling factor of a photovoltaic laminated battery are improved, and output power of the laminated battery is further improved.
3. According to the invention, the first passivation layer is arranged on the exposed surface when the second battery pack is in laminated contact with the first battery pack, so that the problem that the exposed surface generates hydrogen evolution phenomenon due to lack of transparent electrode protection so as to weaken passivation effect is avoided, and interface recombination of current carriers is reduced, thereby improving the efficiency of the laminated battery.
4. According to the invention, the material of the first passivation layer comprises an organic passivation material, on one hand, the organic passivation material can be coated on the side surface of the first battery pack, the side surface of the second battery pack and the exposed surface through dissolution preparation to form the first passivation layer, and the passivation process is carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure without high temperature and high pressure vacuum, so that the damage of the passivation process to the laminated battery structure is avoided, and the efficiency of the laminated battery is improved; on the other hand, the organic passivation material can passivate the side surfaces of the first battery pack and the second battery pack which contain different semiconductor materials at the same time, and the passivation effect is good.
5. In the invention, the arrangement of the second passivation layer can realize the passivation effect on the upper surface of the first battery pack and the lower surface of the second battery pack, can realize the conductive function, and the second passivation layer is electrically connected with the electrode, so that the interface recombination with the electrode is reduced, and the current collection effect is increased, thereby further improving the efficiency of the laminated battery.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a passivation stack cell according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a passivation stack cell according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a passivation stack cell according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a passivation stack cell according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-first battery, 2-second battery, 3-first passivation layer, 4-second passivation layer, 5-exposed surface, 6-third battery.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a passivation laminate battery includes a first battery 1 and a second battery 2 which are arranged in series and in a laminate, for converting light irradiated onto light receiving surfaces of the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 into electric energy and outputting the electric energy;
the first battery 1 comprises a perovskite battery sub-cell and the second battery 2 comprises a silicon battery sub-cell;
the side surface of the first battery pack 1, the side surface of the second battery pack 2 and the exposed surface 5 when the second battery pack 2 is in laminated contact with the first battery pack 1 are all provided with a first passivation layer 3, and the material of the first passivation layer 3 comprises an organic passivation material;
first, a first passivation layer 3 is arranged on the side surface of the first battery pack 1, the side surface of the second battery pack 2 and the exposed surface 5, dipoles are orderly arranged on the side surface of the first battery pack 1, the side surface of the second battery pack 2 and the exposed surface 5, the orientations are consistent, a polarization field is formed, and the ferroelectric polarization field of the side surface of the first battery pack 1 and the side surface of the second battery pack 2 drives the minority carriers to be far away from the side surface of the first battery pack 1, the side surface of the second battery pack 2 and the exposed surface 5, so that the purposes of passivating dangling keys and defect states in the side surface of the first battery pack 1, the side surface of the second battery pack 2 and the exposed surface 5 are achieved, the carrier recombination of the side surface of the first battery pack 1, the side surface of the second battery pack 2 and the exposed surface 5 is reduced, the open circuit voltage and the filling factor of the photovoltaic laminated battery are improved, and the output power of the laminated battery is further improved.
Secondly, as the side surface of the first battery pack 1, the side surface of the second battery pack 2 and the exposed surface 5 are all provided with the first passivation layer 3, when the side surface of the first battery pack 1 is passivated, the side surface of the second battery pack 2 and the exposed surface 5 do not need to be subjected to mask protection so as to prevent the battery from being polluted by passivation materials, so that the passivation process is simpler and the cost is low;
thirdly, the first passivation layer 3 is arranged on the exposed surface 5 when the second battery pack 2 is in laminated contact with the first battery pack 1, so that the problem that the exposed surface 5 generates hydrogen evolution phenomenon due to lack of transparent electrode protection so as to weaken passivation effect is avoided, interface recombination of carriers is reduced, and the efficiency of the laminated battery is improved.
Fourth, the material of the first passivation layer 3 includes an organic passivation material, which can be coated on the side surface of the first battery pack 1, the side surface of the second battery pack 2 and the exposed surface 5 through dissolution preparation to form the first passivation layer 3, and the passivation process is performed at normal temperature and normal pressure without high temperature and high pressure vacuum, so that the damage of the passivation process to the laminated battery structure is avoided, and the efficiency of the laminated battery is improved.
The upper surface of the first battery pack 1 and the lower surface of the second battery pack 2 are provided with a second passivation layer 4, and the material of the second passivation layer 4 comprises an organic passivation material and a low-dimensional conductive material;
the arrangement of the second passivation layer 4 not only can realize passivation effect on the upper surface of the first battery pack 1 and the lower surface of the second battery pack 2, but also can realize conductive function, the second passivation layer 4 is electrically connected with the electrode, interface recombination with the electrode is reduced, and current collection effect is also increased, so that the efficiency of the laminated battery is further improved, meanwhile, electric conduction can be realized without perforating the passivation layer, and the passivation method is simple.
When the light irradiates the battery, photo-generated minority carriers (minority carriers for short) are generated, the minority carriers comprise electrons and holes, the fewer the front and back surface defects and the side surface defects of the battery are, the fewer the minority carriers are compounded with the defects, the fewer the front and back surface defects are, the higher the open-circuit voltage and the filling factor of the battery are, the smaller the recombination rate of the front and back surfaces of the minority carriers is, the longer the minority carrier lifetime is, the more photo-generated minority carriers are collected by the battery, the higher the efficiency is, and the effective minority carrier lifetime is calculated by the following formula:
in the above formula, τeff is the effective minority carrier lifetime, τbulk is the bulk minority carrier lifetime of the battery, τl is the side minority carrier lifetime of the battery, W is the thickness of the battery, and Sf and Sb are the front surface recombination rate and the rear surface recombination rate of the battery, respectively.
In this embodiment, the defects at the side, the exposed surface 5, the upper and lower surfaces, and the like of the laminated battery are passivated, the front surface recombination rate Sf and the rear surface recombination rate Sb are reduced, the side minority carrier lifetime τl is increased, and the effective minority carrier lifetime, the open circuit voltage, the filling factor, and the efficiency of the laminated battery are all increased as shown by the effective minority carrier lifetime formula.
Therefore, defects on the side face, the exposed face 5, the upper surface, the lower surface and the like of the laminated battery are passivated, the open-circuit voltage, the filling factor, the efficiency and the like of the laminated battery are improved, the preparation method of the laminated battery is simple to operate, and the formed passivation layer is uniform and consistent, so that industrialized mass preparation can be realized.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the passivation laminate battery includes a first battery 1 and a second battery 2 which are disposed in parallel with each other and in a laminate, for converting light irradiated onto light receiving surfaces of the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 into electric energy and outputting the electric energy;
the first battery 1 comprises a perovskite battery sub-cell and the second battery 2 comprises a silicon battery sub-cell;
the side surfaces of the first battery pack 1 and the side surfaces of the second battery pack 2 are respectively provided with a first passivation layer 3, and the material of the first passivation layer 3 comprises an organic passivation material;
the first passivation layers 3 are arranged on the side surfaces of the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2, dipoles are formed on the side surfaces of the first battery pack 1 and the side surfaces of the second battery pack 2 in an orderly arrangement, the orientations are consistent, polarization fields are formed, and few ions are driven to be far away from the side surfaces of the first battery pack 1 and the side surfaces of the second battery pack 2 through the ferroelectric polarization fields of the side surfaces of the first battery pack 1 and the side surfaces of the second battery pack 2, so that the purposes of passivating dangling bonds and defect states in the side surfaces of the first battery pack 1 and the side surfaces of the second battery pack 2 are achieved, carrier recombination of the side surfaces of the first battery pack 1 and the side surfaces of the second battery pack 2 is reduced, open-circuit voltage and filling factors of a photovoltaic laminated battery are improved, and output power of the laminated battery is further improved.
The upper surface of the first battery pack 1, the lower surface of the second battery pack 2 and the exposed surface 5 of the second battery pack 2 when in laminated contact with the first battery pack 1 are all provided with a second passivation layer 4, and the materials of the second passivation layer 4 comprise organic passivation materials and low-dimensional conductive materials;
the arrangement of the second passivation layer 4 not only can realize passivation effect on the upper surface of the first battery pack 1, the lower surface of the second battery pack 2 and the exposed surface 5, but also can realize conductive function, the upper surface of the first battery pack 1 and the lower surface of the second battery pack 2 are electrically connected with one common electrode, the exposed surface 5 when the second battery pack 2 is in laminated contact with the first battery pack 1 is used as the other common electrode to realize parallel connection, and the electrode of the exposed surface 5 is prevented from shading, so that light irradiated on the exposed surface 5 is fully utilized, and photocurrent of a laminated battery is greatly increased.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, the passivation laminate battery includes a first battery 1 and a second battery 2 which are arranged in series and in a laminate, for converting light irradiated onto light receiving surfaces of the first battery 1 and the second battery 2 into electric energy and outputting the electric energy;
the first battery pack 1 comprises two gallium arsenide battery sub-cells connected in parallel, the second battery pack 2 comprises a copper indium gallium selenium battery sub-cell, and the sub-cells connected in parallel need to meet the voltage matching condition, namely all the parallel sub-cells have approximate voltage, and the total current is the sum of the parallel sub-cell currents;
the side surface of the first battery pack 1, the side surface of the second battery pack 2 and the exposed surface 5 when the second battery pack 2 is in laminated contact with the first battery pack 1 are all provided with a first passivation layer 3, and the material of the first passivation layer 3 comprises an organic passivation material;
the upper surface of the first battery pack 1 and the lower surface of the second battery pack 2 are provided with a second passivation layer 4, and the material of the second passivation layer 4 includes an organic passivation material and a low-dimensional conductive material.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 4, the passivation laminated battery comprises a first battery 1, a second battery 2 and a third battery 6 which are laminated, wherein the first battery 1 is connected with the second battery 2 and the third battery 6 in series;
the first battery 1 comprises a dye sensitized battery sub-cell, the second battery 2 comprises a silicon battery sub-cell, and the third battery 6 comprises an organic polymer sub-cell;
the side surface of the first battery pack 1 and the side surface of the second battery pack 2, the side surface of the third battery pack 6, the exposed surface 5 when the second battery pack 2 is in laminated contact with the first battery pack 1 and the exposed surface 5 when the second battery pack 2 is in laminated contact with the third battery pack 6 are all provided with the first passivation layer 3, and the material of the first passivation layer 3 comprises an organic passivation material;
the upper surface of the first battery pack 1 and the lower surface of the third battery pack 6 are provided with a second passivation layer 4, and the material of the second passivation layer 4 includes an organic passivation material and a low-dimensional conductive material.
In this embodiment, the laminated battery is of a three-layer structure, and the first passivation layer 3 is disposed on the side surfaces of the first battery pack 1, the second battery pack 2 and the third battery pack 6, so that when the side surface of the first battery pack 1 is passivated, the side surface of the second battery pack 2, the exposed surface 5 and the side surface of the third battery pack 6 do not need to be subjected to mask protection so as to avoid pollution of the battery by passivation materials, thereby making the passivation process simpler and the cost low. The laminated battery comprises at least two battery packs connected in series or in parallel, and the working principle of the laminated battery with four-layer, five-layer and more-layer structures is consistent with that of the laminated battery with two-layer and three-layer structures, and the operation is not repeated here.
Example 5
The structure of the passivation stack cell is shown in fig. 1, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:
s1, laminating and connecting perovskite batteries of a first battery pack 1 in series on a silicon battery of a second battery pack 2 to obtain a laminated battery; the surface area of the silicon cell is 2.5cm by 2.5cm, and the surface area of the perovskite cell is 1cm by 1cm;
s2, preparing a material solution of the first passivation layer 3: 0.3g of polystyrene sulfonic acid is dissolved in 99.7g of ethanol to obtain a material solution of the first passivation layer 3 with the mass concentration of 0.3%;
preparing a material solution of the second passivation layer 4: dissolving 5g of polystyrene sulfonic acid in 95g of ethanol, adding 0.04g of carbon nano tube, and uniformly mixing to obtain a material solution of the second passivation layer 4;
s3, coating a material solution of a passivation layer 3 on the side surface of the first battery pack 1, the side surface of the second battery pack 2 and the exposed surface 5 of the second battery pack 2 when the second battery pack 2 and the first battery pack 1 are in laminated contact under the condition of normal temperature and normal pressure by adopting a coating process to prepare the first passivation layer 3; coating the material solution of the second passivation layer 4 on the upper surface of the first battery pack 1 and the lower surface of the second battery pack 2 by adopting a coating process at normal temperature and normal pressure to prepare the second passivation layer 4, thereby obtaining a passivation laminated battery with the highest efficiency of 26.07 percent and the short-circuit current of 17.16mA/cm 2 The open circuit voltage was 1.87V and the fill factor was 81.05%.
Comparative example 1
The passivation stack cell of this comparative example differs from example 5 only in that the second passivation layer 4 is not included, i.e. the passivation stack cell is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
s1, laminating and connecting perovskite batteries of a first battery pack 1 in series on a silicon battery of a second battery pack 2 to obtain a laminated battery; the surface area of the silicon cell is 2.5cm by 2.5cm, and the surface area of the perovskite cell is 1cm by 1cm;
s2, preparing a material solution of the first passivation layer 3: 0.3g of polystyrene sulfonic acid is dissolved in 99.7g of ethanol to obtain a material solution of the first passivation layer 3 with the mass concentration of 0.3%;
s3, coating a material solution of the first passivation layer 3 on the side surface of the first battery pack 1, the side surface of the second battery pack 2, the exposed surface 5 when the second battery pack 2 and the first battery pack 1 are in laminated contact by adopting a coating process under normal temperature and normal pressure, and preparing the first passivation layer 3 to obtain a passivation laminated battery, wherein the highest efficiency is 24.50 percent, and the length is shortThe current of the circuit is 17.15mA/cm 2 The open circuit voltage was 1.83V and the fill factor was 78.06%.
Comparative example 2
The passivation stack cell of this comparative example differs from example 5 only in that the first passivation layer 3 is not included, i.e. the passivation stack cell is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
s1, laminating and connecting perovskite batteries of a first battery pack 1 in series on a silicon battery of a second battery pack 2 to obtain a laminated battery; the surface area of the silicon cell is 2.5cm by 2.5cm, and the surface area of the perovskite cell is 1cm by 1cm;
s2, preparing a material solution of the second passivation layer 4: dissolving 5g of polystyrene sulfonic acid in 95g of ethanol, adding 0.04g of carbon nano tube, and uniformly mixing to obtain a material solution of the second passivation layer 4;
s3, coating a material solution of the second passivation layer 4 on the upper surface of the first battery pack 1 and the lower surface of the second battery pack 2 by adopting a coating process at normal temperature and normal pressure to prepare the second passivation layer 4, thereby obtaining a passivation laminated battery with the highest efficiency of 25.34% and the short-circuit current of 17.26mA/cm 2 The open circuit voltage was 1.84V and the fill factor was 79.72%.
Comparative example 3
The laminate battery of this comparative example differs from example 5 only in that the first passivation layer 3 and the second passivation layer 4 are not included, i.e., the manufacturing method of the laminate battery includes the steps of: laminating and connecting perovskite batteries of the first battery pack 1 in series on the silicon batteries of the second battery pack 2 to obtain laminated batteries; the surface area of the silicon battery is 2.5cm x 2.5cm, the surface area of the perovskite battery is 1cm x 1cm, and the laminated battery is obtained, the highest efficiency is 22.23%, and the short-circuit current is 17.17mA/cm 2 The open circuit voltage was 1.80V and the fill factor was 71.95%.
The data for example 5 and comparative examples 1-3 are summarized in the following table:
| group of | Open circuit voltage (V) | Short-circuit current (mA/cm) 2 ) | Fill factor (%) | Highest efficiency (%) |
| Example 5 | 1.87 | 17.16 | 81.05 | 26.07 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1.83 | 17.15 | 78.06 | 24.50 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1.84 | 17.26 | 79.72 | 25.34 |
| Comparative example 3 | 1.80 | 17.17 | 71.95 | 22.23 |
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A passivation laminate battery characterized by comprising a first battery (1) and a second battery (2) arranged in a laminate,
the first battery pack (1) is connected with the second battery pack (2) in series or in parallel;
a first passivation layer (3) is arranged on the side surface of the first battery pack (1) and the side surface of the second battery pack (2);
the upper surface of the first battery pack (1) and the lower surface of the second battery pack (2) are both provided with a second passivation layer (4);
when the first battery pack (1) is connected in series with the second battery pack (2), the first passivation layer (3) is arranged on an exposed surface (5) when the second battery pack (2) is in laminated contact with the first battery pack (1);
when the first battery pack (1) is connected in parallel with the second battery pack (2), the second passivation layer (4) is arranged on an exposed surface (5) when the second battery pack (2) is in laminated contact with the first battery pack (1);
the material of the first passivation layer (3) comprises an organic passivation material;
the material of the second passivation layer (4) comprises an organic passivation material and a low-dimensional conductive material;
the first battery pack (1) and the second battery pack (2) each independently comprise a sub-battery or a plurality of sub-batteries connected in parallel, and the side surface of each sub-battery is provided with the first passivation layer (3).
2. The passivation stack cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second cell stack (1, 2) each independently comprises a silicon cell, a perovskite cell, a gallium arsenide cell, a copper indium gallium selenium cell, a dye sensitized cell and an organic polymer cell.
3. The passivation stack cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic passivation material comprises an organic compound containing a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group or a carboxylic acid group;
the organic compound containing the sulfonic group comprises one or more of Nafion, perfluorosulfonic acid and polystyrene sulfonic acid;
the organic compound containing the phosphate group comprises one or more of 2PACz, meO-2PACz and dibutyl phosphate;
the organic compound containing carboxylic acid groups comprises one or more of mercaptopropionic acid, 4-pyridine carboxylic acid, fluorene-9-carboxylic acid and fluorene-1-carboxylic acid.
4. The passivation stack cell of claim 1, wherein the low dimensional conductive material comprises poly-3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene conductive polymer nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene, moS 2 Black phosphorus, WSe 2 Nanotubes, hexagonal boron nitride, and MXene.
5. A passivation stack cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the passivation stack cell further comprises a third cell stack (6) arranged in stack with the second cell stack (2), the third cell stack (6) being connected in series or in parallel with the second cell stack (2);
the side surface of the third battery pack (6) is provided with the first passivation layer (3);
when the third battery pack (6) is connected in series with the second battery pack (2), the first passivation layer (3) is arranged on an exposed surface (5) when the second battery pack (2) is in laminated contact with the third battery pack (6);
when the third battery pack (6) is connected in parallel with the second battery pack (2), the second passivation layer (4) is arranged on an exposed surface (5) when the second battery pack (2) is in laminated contact with the third battery pack (6);
the lower surfaces of the third battery packs (6) are all provided with the second passivation layers (4).
6. A method of preparing a passivation stack cell according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, laminating a first battery pack (1) in series or in parallel on a second battery pack (2) to obtain a laminated battery;
s2, preparing a material solution of the first passivation layer (3) and a material solution of the second passivation layer (4);
s3, when the second battery pack (2) is connected in series with the first battery pack (1), coating a material solution of the first passivation layer (3) on the side surface of the first battery pack (1), the side surface of the second battery pack (2) and an exposed surface (5) when the second battery pack (2) and the first battery pack (1) are in laminated contact by adopting a coating process under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions, so as to prepare the first passivation layer (3); coating a material solution of a second passivation layer (4) on the upper surface of the first battery pack (1) and the lower surface of the second battery pack (2) by adopting a coating process under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions, and preparing the second passivation layer (4) to obtain a passivation laminated battery;
or when the second battery pack (2) is connected with the first battery pack (1) in parallel, coating a material solution of a passivation layer on the side surface of the first battery pack (1) and the side surface of the second battery pack (2) by adopting a coating process under the condition of normal temperature and normal pressure to prepare a first passivation layer (3); and under the condition of normal temperature and normal pressure, coating the material solution of the second passivation layer (4) on the upper surface of the first battery pack (1), the lower surface of the second battery pack (2) and the exposed surface (5) of the second battery pack (2) when the second battery pack is in laminated contact with the first battery pack (1) by adopting a coating process, so as to prepare the second passivation layer (4) and obtain the passivation laminated battery.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the coating process comprises one of spray coating, spin coating, knife coating, printing, or drop coating.
8. A method of manufacturing a passivation stack cell according to claim 6, characterized in that the material solution of the first passivation layer (3) comprises an organic passivation material and a solvent, the mass concentration of the material solution of the first passivation layer (3) being 0.3% -6.0%; the solvent comprises one or more of water, methanol, ethanol and isopropanol.
9. The method of manufacturing a passivation stack cell according to claim 6, characterized in that the material solution of the second passivation layer (4) comprises an organic passivation material, a low-dimensional conductive material and a solvent, the mass ratio of the organic passivation material, the low-dimensional conductive material and the solvent being (50-1000): (0.4-1.6): (0-950), the solvent comprising one or more of water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol.
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