CN115963483A - Geophysical prospecting method for early civil air defense channel - Google Patents
Geophysical prospecting method for early civil air defense channel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to a geophysical prospecting method for an early civil air defense channel, which is used for preliminarily determining the position and the range of the early civil air defense channel by adopting a natural source surface wave prospecting technology and combining a geological radar detection method. The method adopts a natural source surface wave exploration technology (namely a lossless micro-motion detection technology) and combines a geological radar detection method to preliminarily determine the position and the range of the early civil air defense channel, and can further improve the accuracy of the detection of the civil air defense channel.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of civil air defense engineering, in particular to a geophysical prospecting method for an early civil air defense channel.
Background
The civil air defense is an important component of national defense, is an important content of city construction, and is a social public career of the whole people. The civil air defense channel-the air cavity has the disadvantages that the construction year is long, the potential safety hazard is increasingly prominent, the peacetime function is difficult to play, the healthy development of the civil air defense industry is disturbed, the possibility of ground subsidence and ground collapse is high, and the life and property safety of ground people can be endangered at any time. Meanwhile, the air-raid shelter is often located in a superior geographical position of a city, and with the deep promotion of novel urbanization, the treatment strength of the air-raid shelter needs to be increased, and potential safety hazards are eliminated. Therefore, early civil defense and industrial work improvement is developed, potential safety hazards are eliminated, and the economic and social development bureau is concerned.
However, in the prior art, there is no technology for surveying the early civil air defense passageway, and the accurate position of the early civil air defense passageway cannot be determined, so that comprehensive basic data cannot be provided for the renovation work, and improvement is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to determine the accurate position of the early civil air defense channel and provide comprehensive basic data for renovation work, the application provides a geophysical prospecting method for the early civil air defense channel.
The geophysical prospecting method for the early civil air defense channel adopts the following technical scheme:
a geophysical prospecting method for early civil air defense channels adopts natural source surface wave prospecting technology (namely lossless micro-motion detection technology) and combines a geological radar detection method to preliminarily determine the position and the range of the early civil air defense channels.
The inventor fully researches the physical property conditions of geophysical exploration in corresponding areas aiming at the engineering geological problem to be solved, combines a large amount of field tests and working experiences which are carried out in the past, and preliminarily determines the position and the range of an early-stage civil air defense channel by comparing and selecting and adopting a natural source surface wave exploration technology (namely a lossless micro-motion detection technology) and a geological radar detection method, so that the accuracy of the detection of the civil air defense channel can be further improved. In addition, the natural source surface wave exploration technology utilizes energy existing in the nature, is energy-saving, environment-friendly, convenient, safe and easy to popularize; no artificial source is needed, the method is not limited by fields, the field operation is simple and convenient, and the exploration period is short; the method is particularly suitable for the structural exploration of the ground obstacle coverage area. In addition, the surface wave is used, the influence of the shielding effect of a shallow high-speed layer is avoided, the detection depth is large, and the exploration depth can be more than 3000 meters from the ground surface to the underground according to the size of the observation radius of the array.
Preferably, when a natural source surface wave exploration technology is adopted for detection, the obtained dispersion curve is subjected to inversion fitting to obtain S-wave velocity distribution changing along with the depth underground, namely a Vr value of the surface wave propagation velocity in a certain depth range underground; and (because the magnitude of the Vr value is related to the physical characteristics of the medium) the physical properties of the rock and soil are evaluated by utilizing the magnitude of the Vr value, and a corresponding stratum interface and thickness are obtained, so that the position and the range of the early civil air defense channel are preliminarily determined.
Preferably, when a natural source surface wave exploration technology is adopted for detection, natural source surface wave exploration measuring lines are arranged perpendicular to the civil air defense channel, each measuring line is 20 meters in length, the distance between points is 1 meter, namely 21 points are arranged on each measuring line, and the distance between the measuring lines is 100 meters;
and/or
When a geological radar detection method is adopted for detection, measuring lines are arranged perpendicular to a civil air defense channel, each measuring line is 20 meters long, the distance between points is 0.5 meter, namely 41 points of each measuring line are arranged, and the distance between the measuring lines is 20 meters.
The geophysical prospecting line is arranged on the principle that the best detection result is achieved with the least workload, so that the detection cost can be greatly saved according to the technical requirements of geophysical prospecting and the actual construction conditions on site.
Preferably, when the natural source surface wave exploration technology is adopted for detection, the vibration pickups are arranged in the following mode to enable the vibration pickups to receive surface waves of natural field sources in all directions, and the surface waves of the field sources are enabled to be self-correlated: one vibration pickup is positioned at the center of a circle, and the other vibration pickers are arranged on the circumference with the radius r.
By adopting the method to arrange the vibration pickups, incoming waves in all directions can be received conveniently, and the more the vibration pickups are, the higher the exploration precision is.
Preferably, when the natural source surface wave exploration technology is adopted for detection, the surface wave energy is enhanced through signal superposition for many times, and meanwhile, a low-frequency detector with the main frequency of 2Hz is adopted for receiving signals. Therefore, richer low-frequency signals can be obtained, and the exploration depth of the surface waves is increased.
Preferably, when a geological radar detection method is adopted for detection, the position and the range of the early civil air defense channel are preliminarily determined by the following method:
preprocessing the collected radar data: editing and setting calibration points on a radar image, so that the number calibration positions correspond to the calibration points on the radar image;
respectively carrying out digital signal processing on the preprocessed data: filtering, deconvolution, drift removal and data transformation; carrying out layered processing on the processed data, and calculating the dielectric constant of the medium and the transmission speed of the electromagnetic wave;
and judging the scale size and the form of the civil defense tunnel in the radar image according to the dielectric constant of the medium and the transmission speed of the electromagnetic wave.
By the method, data processing is carried out, so that the signal to noise ratio can be improved, and the position and range of the early civil air defense channel can be judged more accurately.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of judging the contact condition of the civil air defense channel and the surrounding rock by using the waveform, amplitude and continuity of the same-phase axis of the electromagnetic wave. Therefore, the contact condition of the civil air defense channel and the surrounding rock can be quickly determined in a simple mode.
Preferably, when the geological radar detection method is adopted for detection, the center frequency f of the antenna is determined by the following method: f =150/X · s MHZ;
wherein ε represents the dielectric constant of the medium and X represents the spatial resolution (m);
and/or
The time window W is determined by:
W＝1.3·2dmax/υ；
wherein upsilon represents the wave velocity of the rock and soil, and dmax represents the maximum test depth (m).
By adopting the method to determine the center frequency and the time window of the antenna, the obtained result data is very accurate, and the accuracy of geological radar detection can be improved.
Preferably, when the geological radar detection method is adopted for detection, the central frequency of the adopted antenna is 100M, the time window interval is 200ns, the number of the adopted sampling points is 1024, the dielectric constant of the medium is 8-14, and the adopted scanning mode is continuous point detection.
A large number of practices prove that when a geological radar detection method is adopted for detection, the conditions are adopted, so that more accurate detection data can be obtained in any environment, and the accuracy of civil air defense channel detection can be improved.
Preferably, the method further comprises: drilling holes above the initially positioned civil air defense passages in a drilling mode, and arranging the holes according to the hole spacing of 40 m/hole, wherein the size of each hole is DN200mm; after the chamber space is determined by opening the hole, the inside of the civil defense chamber is shot and measured by adopting a QV detection technology (such as putting a high-definition wireless periscope with the model of E20C). Therefore, the accurate position and the current situation of the civil air defense chamber can be further known, such as the conditions of the chamber space size, collapse, damage, ponding, siltation and the like, and in addition, the inner volume of the civil air defense channel can be calculated by verifying the section of the hole chamber.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the position and the range of the early civil air defense channel are preliminarily determined by adopting a natural source surface wave exploration technology (namely a lossless micro motion detection technology) and combining a geological radar detection method, so that the accuracy of the detection of the civil air defense channel can be further improved. In addition, the natural source surface wave exploration technology utilizes energy existing in the nature, is energy-saving, environment-friendly, convenient, safe and easy to popularize; no artificial source is needed, the method is not limited by the field, the field operation is simple and convenient, and the exploration period is short; the method is particularly suitable for the structural exploration of the ground obstacle coverage area. In addition, the surface wave is used, the influence of the shielding effect of a shallow high-speed layer is avoided, the detection depth is large, and the exploration depth can be more than 3000 meters from the ground surface to the underground according to the size of the observation radius of the array.
2. Drilling holes above the initially positioned civil air defense passages in a drilling mode, and arranging the holes according to the hole spacing of 40 m/hole, wherein the size of each hole is DN200mm; after the chamber space is determined by drilling, the inside of the civil defense chamber is shot and measured by adopting a QV detection technology (such as putting a high-definition wireless periscope with the model of E20C). Therefore, the accurate position and the current situation of the civil air defense chamber, such as the conditions of chamber space size, collapse, damage, water accumulation, siltation and the like, can be further known.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a layout of a vibration pickup according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting by geological radar detection in one embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-2.
The embodiment of the application discloses a geophysical prospecting method for an early civil air defense channel. A geophysical prospecting method for early civil air defense channels adopts natural source surface wave prospecting technology (namely lossless micro-motion detection technology) and combines a geological radar detection method to preliminarily determine the position and the range of the early civil air defense channels.
In one embodiment of the present application, the intersection of the two detection results can be used to determine the position and range of the final early civil air defense passageway.
In one possible embodiment, when the natural source surface wave frequency wave number method is adopted for processing, a surface wave frequency wave number spectrum is extracted by a maximum likelihood method, and then the surface wave phase velocity is obtained. The specific process is as follows: displaying each road surface wave signal → digitally filtering → obtaining similar coefficient → calculating frequency velocity power spectrum → displaying natural source wave phase velocity dispersion curve → inverting transverse wave velocity model waveform; after the surface wave phase velocity is obtained, the corresponding underground detection depth can be determined, and the position and the range of the early civil air defense channel can be determined. Each step in the above process can be implemented by using the prior art.
In another possible implementation manner, when the position and the range of the early civil air defense passageway are detected by adopting a natural source surface wave exploration technology (namely a lossless micro motion detection technology), an RD8100 pipeline detector, a total station, an RTK2 set sleeve and an R24 high-precision seismograph can be adopted for assistance.
In one possible implementation, the natural source surface wave exploration measuring lines can be arranged perpendicular to the civil air defense channel, each measuring line is 20 meters long, and the distance between points is 1 meter, namely, each measuring line is 21 points, and the distance between the measuring lines is 100 meters.
In order to obtain richer low-frequency signals and increase the exploration depth of the surface wave, in one possible implementation mode, when a natural source surface wave exploration technology is adopted for detection, the surface wave energy is enhanced through signal superposition for multiple times, and meanwhile, a low-frequency detector with the main frequency of 2Hz is adopted for receiving signals.
In a possible implementation mode, when a natural source surface wave exploration technology is adopted for detection, the obtained dispersion curve is subjected to inversion fitting to obtain S-wave velocity distribution changing along with the depth underground, namely a Vr value of the surface wave propagation velocity in a certain depth range underground; because the magnitude of the Vr value is related to the physical characteristics of the medium, the physical properties of rock and soil are evaluated by utilizing the magnitude of the Vr value, and corresponding stratum interfaces and thicknesses are obtained, so that the position and the range of the early civil air defense channel are preliminarily determined. Specifically, the obtained dispersion curve is subjected to inversion fitting, and the inversion fitting can be processed by adopting an MSWS data processing system and Geogiga Seismic Pro software.
That is, the dispersion characteristics of natural source surface wave exploration techniques are related to the stratifying of subsurface formations. For the long wave micromotion method, to obtain the underground structure of a certain measuring point, the micromotion data of the measuring point must be obtained, the surface wave can be effectively extracted, and the actually measured phase velocity dispersion curve is obtained. And then obtaining the S-wave velocity distribution changing along with the depth underground through inversion fitting of the underground construction model. The underground S wave velocity structure is in the natural source surface wave method, the field working method of the space autocorrelation method is to use a special array (such as a circular array, a prismatic array and the like) to receive the surface wave of a natural field source, the general principle needs to meet the requirement that one vibration pickup is positioned at the center of a circle, and other vibration pickups are arranged on the circumference with the radius of r (as shown in figure 1, when r is determined, the vibration pickup is arranged to enable the vibration pickup to receive the surface wave of the natural field source in all directions, and the surface wave of the field source is autocorrelation), so that incoming waves in all directions can be received, the more the vibration pickups are, and the higher the exploration precision is. Therefore, the vibration pick-up devices are arranged as much as possible in the implementation process.
And (3) performing signal acquisition, screening, processing and accumulative iteration by adopting a natural source surface wave exploration technology until a surface wave frequency dispersion curve is formed. The surface wave dispersion curve gradually tends to be stable in convergence along with the increase of the iteration times, and then the stratum interface, the thickness and the speed are clear, and the hardness and hardness of the soil layer are obvious, so that the position and the range of the early civil air defense channel can be preliminarily determined. Because of the use of surface waves, the method is not influenced by the shielding effect of a shallow high-speed layer, so that the method is very suitable for the structural exploration of the coverage area of ground obstacles and the exploration of the early civil air defense passage of the application.
In one possible implementation, when the geological radar detection method is used for detection, the position and the range of the early civil air defense channel are preliminarily determined by the following method, as shown in fig. 2:
s1, preprocessing acquired radar data: editing and setting calibration points on a radar image, so that the number calibration positions correspond to the calibration points on the radar image;
in addition, when data preprocessing is performed, the header may be edited, appropriate parameters may be set, and distance equalization may be performed.
In a possible implementation mode, when a geological radar detection method is adopted For detection, an SIR-4000 type radar host, 500MHz and 100MHz receiving and transmitting integrated antennas, a marker, a transmission cable and a Radan For Windows processing software can be adopted. This set of radar system has the advantage of high accuracy, high resolution, and the interference killing feature is strong simultaneously, and is light quick, and the test site requires loose etc. therefore the detection that is particularly useful for the people's air defense passageway of this application.
When the geological radar detection method is adopted for detection, the survey line can be arranged in the following mode optionally: the measuring lines are arranged perpendicular to the civil air defense channel, each measuring line is 20 meters in length, the distance between points is 0.5 meter, namely 41 points are arranged on each measuring line, and the distance between the measuring lines is 20 meters. In specific implementation, the geophysical prospecting line and the measuring point arrangement can be partially and properly adjusted on the premise of fully considering the actual construction conditions on site on the principle of safety first, efficiency first and reliable quality.
S2, respectively carrying out digital signal processing on the preprocessed data: filtering, deconvolution, drift removal and data transformation;
through the digital signal processing, the energy of regular and random interference signals can be effectively suppressed, reflected waves are displayed on the image section of the ground penetrating radar with the highest resolution, useful abnormal information (including electromagnetic wave speed, amplitude, waveform and the like) is highlighted, the signal-to-noise ratio of the radar signals is improved, geological information can be more easily identified by the radar images, geological phenomena are clearly reflected, explanation is facilitated, and therefore a more accurate explanation result is provided.
S3, carrying out layered processing on the processed data, and calculating the dielectric constant of the medium and the transmission speed of the electromagnetic wave;
and S4, judging the scale and the shape of the civil air defense tunnel in the radar image according to the dielectric constant of the medium and the transmission speed of the electromagnetic wave (namely calculating the scale and the shape of the civil air defense tunnel according to the parameter calculation in the figure 2).
Specifically, the medium corresponding to the stratum can be judged according to the dielectric constant of the medium and the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave, so that the size and the form of the civil air defense roadway can be determined. After the scale size and the shape of the civil air defense roadway are calculated, graphic simulation, analysis, editing, modification and annotation can be carried out, and finally, a result is output.
In a possible implementation manner, when a geological radar detection method is used for detection, the center frequency f of the antenna is determined by the following method:
f＝150/X·εMHZ；
wherein ε represents the dielectric constant of the medium and X represents the spatial resolution (m);
according to the practical situation of a drainage system pipe network, the central frequency of 100MHz-500MHz is generally selected to meet the requirement in the test, and specifically, an antenna with the central frequency of 100MHz is selected.
And/or
The time window W is determined by:
W＝1.3·2dmax/υ；
wherein upsilon represents the wave velocity of the rock and soil, and dmax represents the maximum test depth (m).
For example, when a main-frequency 100MHz fully-shielded antenna is selected for detection, the specific instrument parameter settings can be as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 geological Radar parameter Table
| Instrument type | Center frequency of antenna | Time window interval | Number of sampling points | Dielectric constant | Scanning mode |
| SIR-4000 | 100M | 200ns | 1024 | 8～14 | Continuous spot measurement |
Specifically, before the work is carried out, aiming at the detection purpose, a radar system can be firstly adopted for experimental detection, and the optimal parameter setting is selected, so that the reflection information of different media can be clearly distinguished from radar images, and the working method for detecting the target layer most effectively is found. Through repeated tests, aiming at geophysical prospecting of early civil air defense channels, when the radar detects field data acquisition parameters, the optimal parameter settings are as follows:
(1) Gain: automatic gain;
(2) Sampling point number: 1024 points;
(3) Time window: 200ns;
(4) Sampling rate: 64 scans/second;
(5) Frequency: 100MHz main frequency antenna and 50-1000 MHz passband.
Through the setting of the detection conditions, the final detection precision is higher, and meanwhile, the detection efficiency is also higher.
In addition, the inventors conducted comparative studies based on a large number of test results and found that the relative dielectric constant and the wave velocity of the medium can be seen in table 2.
TABLE 2 dielectric constant and wave velocity table of the medium
During actual detection, according to the dielectric constant and the wave speed of a medium finally obtained by detection, and according to the dielectric constant of the medium and the transmission speed of electromagnetic waves, a corresponding layered medium can be determined, meanwhile, the contact condition of the civil air defense channel and the surrounding rock is judged according to the waveform, the amplitude and the continuity of the same phase axis of the electromagnetic waves, and finally, the judgment on the scale size and the shape of the civil air defense channel in a radar image is realized.
In one possible implementation, the method further includes: drilling holes above the initially positioned civil air defense channel in a drilling mode, and arranging according to the hole spacing of 40 m/hole, wherein the size of the holes is DN200mm; after the chamber space is determined by opening the hole, the inside of the civil defense chamber is shot and measured by adopting a QV detection technology (such as putting a high-definition wireless periscope with the model of E20C). Therefore, the accurate position and the current situation of the civil air defense chamber can be further known, such as the conditions of chamber space size, collapse, damage, water accumulation, siltation and the like, and the internal volume of the civil air defense channel is calculated by verifying the section of the chamber.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: equivalent variations of the methods and principles of the present application are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A geophysical prospecting method for an early civil air defense channel is characterized in that the position and the range of the early civil air defense channel are preliminarily determined by adopting a natural source surface wave prospecting technology and combining a geological radar detection method.
2. The geophysical exploration method for the early civil air defense channel, according to claim 1, is characterized in that when natural source surface wave exploration technology is adopted for exploration, the obtained dispersion curve is subjected to inversion fitting to obtain S-wave velocity distribution which changes with the depth underground, namely, a Vr value of surface wave propagation velocity in a certain depth range underground; and evaluating the physical properties of the rock soil by using the Vr value to obtain a corresponding stratum interface and thickness, thereby preliminarily determining the position and range of the early civil air defense channel.
3. The method for geophysical prospecting for early civil air defense channels according to claim 1, wherein when natural source surface wave exploration technology is adopted for detection, natural source surface wave exploration measuring lines are arranged perpendicular to the civil air defense channels, each measuring line is 20 meters in length, the distance between points is 1 meter, namely, each measuring line is 21 points, and the distance between the measuring lines is 100 meters;
and/or
When a geological radar detection method is adopted for detection, measuring lines are arranged perpendicular to a civil air defense channel, each measuring line is 20 meters long, and the distance between points is 0.5 meter, namely 41 points of each measuring line and 20 meters of the distance between the measuring lines.
4. A method for geophysical exploration according to claim 1, wherein said vibration pick-up is arranged such that said vibration pick-up receives surface waves of natural field sources in all directions and such that said surface waves of field sources are auto-correlated when natural source surface wave exploration techniques are used for said exploration: one vibration pickup is positioned at the center of a circle, and the other vibration pickers are arranged on the circumference with the radius r.
5. The method of geophysical exploration according to claim 1, wherein said natural source surface wave exploration technique is used to enhance surface wave energy by multiple signal superpositions, while a low frequency detector with a primary frequency of 2Hz is used to receive the signal.
6. The geophysical prospecting method for the early civil air defense passageway according to claim 1, characterized in that when the geological radar detection method is adopted for detection, the position and the range of the early civil air defense passageway are preliminarily determined by the following method:
preprocessing the collected radar data: editing and setting calibration points on a radar image, so that the number calibration positions correspond to the calibration points on the radar image;
respectively carrying out digital signal processing on the preprocessed data: filtering, deconvolution, drift removal and data transformation;
carrying out layered processing on the processed data, and calculating the dielectric constant of the medium and the transmission speed of the electromagnetic wave;
and judging the scale size and the form of the civil defense tunnel in the radar image according to the dielectric constant of the medium and the transmission speed of the electromagnetic wave.
7. The method for geophysical prospecting of the early civil air defense channel according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the method further comprises the step of judging the contact condition of the civil air defense channel and the surrounding rock by using the waveform, amplitude and continuity of the same phase axis of the electromagnetic wave.
8. The geophysical prospecting method for the early civil air defense passageway according to claim 1, characterized in that when the geological radar detection method is adopted for detection, the central frequency f of the antenna is determined by the following method:
f＝150/X·εMHZ；
wherein ε represents the dielectric constant of the medium and X represents the spatial resolution;
and/or
The time window W is determined by:
W＝1.3·2dmax/υ；
wherein upsilon represents the wave velocity of the rock and soil, and dmax represents the maximum test depth.
9. The geophysical prospecting method for the early civil air defense passageway according to claim 1, characterized in that when the geological radar detection method is adopted for detection, the central frequency of an antenna is 100M, the time window interval is 200ns, the number of sampling points is 1024, the dielectric constant of a medium is 8-14, and the scanning mode is continuous point detection.
10. The method for geophysical prospecting for the early civil air defense pathway of claim 1, further comprising: drilling holes above the initially positioned civil air defense passages in a drilling mode, and arranging the holes according to the hole spacing of 40 m/hole, wherein the size of each hole is DN200mm; after the chamber space is determined by tapping, the inside of the civil air defense chamber is shot and measured by adopting a QV detection technology.
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