CN115962806A - Open channel flow monitoring system and method based on cylindrical streaming principle - Google Patents

Open channel flow monitoring system and method based on cylindrical streaming principle Download PDF

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CN115962806A
CN115962806A CN202310061629.6A CN202310061629A CN115962806A CN 115962806 A CN115962806 A CN 115962806A CN 202310061629 A CN202310061629 A CN 202310061629A CN 115962806 A CN115962806 A CN 115962806A
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fluid
open channel
water level
flow
monitoring system
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赵文举
曹伟
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Lanzhou University of Technology
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Lanzhou University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses an open channel flow monitoring system and method based on a cylindrical streaming principle, belongs to the technical field of water conservancy flow monitoring, and solves the problem of inaccurate flow monitoring results in the prior art.

Description

Open channel flow monitoring system and method based on cylindrical streaming principle
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy flow monitoring, and particularly relates to an open channel flow monitoring system based on a cylindrical streaming principle, and further relates to a method for monitoring the open channel flow based on the monitoring system.
Background
The traditional channel flow measurement theory comprises a hydraulic building method, a slope-falling-hydraulic radius method, a flow velocity area method and the like, and common water measurement methods such as water measurement of the hydraulic building, water measurement of a special water measurement facility, water measurement of a flow velocity instrument, water measurement of an instrument and the like are developed on the basis of the theories. The water measurement of hydraulic buildings refers to the measurement of water by buildings such as drop, aqueduct and the like. The method is economical and convenient, has small head loss, but has higher requirements on buildings and channels; the specially designed water measuring facilities measure water by utilizing facilities such as a water measuring tank, a water measuring weir and the like, the method has high precision, data is easy to read, and the head loss is large; the current meter water measurement is a method for measuring the characteristic point flow velocity of a standard channel section by using a current meter, calculating the area of a water passing section and the average flow velocity and calculating the flow by using a current velocity area method, and the method has high measurement precision but complicated flow measurement and calculation processes; the instrument water measurement is performed by using secondary instruments such as a differential pressure type flowmeter, an electromagnetic flowmeter, an ultrasonic flowmeter and the like, and the method has the advantages of higher precision and visual measurement, but has higher price and a narrow application range. The methods have limitations of different degrees, so that the development of a water measuring facility with simple structure, convenient use and high flow measuring precision is particularly important.
The invention patent application with the publication number of CN113375733B discloses an automatic open channel flow measuring device and a flow measuring method based on flow cross-section area measurement. The device simple structure, convenient operation can realize the automated measurement and the real-time measurement of flow, nevertheless adopts the water level probe to have the precision not high in the survey of water level, and the great problem of error can not reach accurate measuring purpose, improves the water level measurement accuracy problem in the small range scope and still waits urgently to optimize and solve.
The utility model discloses a utility model patent application for CN215064779U discloses an automatic current measuring device of moment of torsion formula open channel low-power consumption, sets up and has established and received the relation of moment size and speed that the resistance produced to torque sensor centroid around flowing in rivers through the rigid rod that flows measuring, realizes the measurement of open channel velocity of water, surveys the water level through the ultrasonic water level gauge to calculate the open channel flow with the velocity of flow area method. The method for measuring the water velocity according to the streaming principle breaks through the traditional open channel flow measuring method, simplifies the flow measuring process and saves the flow measuring time. However, the highest measurement precision of the ultrasonic sensor can only reach a few millimeters, and the requirement of field irrigation precision can not be met.
The acquisition of water level in the current is surveyed with the area method of velocity of flow, and traditional measuring mode and with the mode such as technique that open usually adopts hydrological gauge, electron water gauge, pressure sensor and acousto-optic sensor to survey, but all have the limitation of different degrees, can not reach irrigation flow accuracy requirement. The water level monitoring with the precision of several millimeters or even 1cm in agricultural irrigation cannot provide effective feedback for an irrigation control system, and accurate water level control cannot be realized, so that the development of a portable, information and automatic high-precision water measuring device and a flow calculation mode is an inevitable trend of field water measuring technology development in irrigation areas.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
The utility model provides an open channel flow monitoring system based on cylinder is around flowing principle, including the main structure, the overall structure who forms is connected between vice structural framework and the side bearer, the one end of vice structural framework is connected with the water level chi connecting seat, be connected with the water level chi through torque sensor on the water level chi connecting seat, one side of the relative water level chi of vice structural framework is connected with the camera, the camera is used for shooing the water level chi, this monitoring system carries out the pixelization to the image that obtains the water level chi through pixel processing module and handles the back, obtain the actual fluid depth of open channel, and obtain the fluid velocity based on resistance and the moment of torsion that torque sensor produced, width and the fluid velocity through the open channel, the actual fluid depth obtains the flow.
Preferably, in the monitoring system, the actual fluid depth is calculated based on the following model, and the specific model is as follows:
Figure SMS_1
in the formula:
h is the actual fluid depth, mm;
H R the total length of the water level gauge is mm;
H grid The length of each grid on the water level ruler is mm;
Figure SMS_2
is H P -H RP The number of pixels in the interval, namely the number of pixels on the water surface;
Figure SMS_3
is H EP -H RP The number of pixels in the interval, that is, the number of pixels of a single lattice;
wherein:
H P the height from the water level above the image to the top of the image;
H RP height from top of grid to top of image on image;
H EP the height from the lower surface of the grid to the top of the image on the image.
Preferably, in the monitoring system, the fluid flow rate is obtained based on the following model, specifically:
Figure SMS_4
in the formula:
f is the resistance of the level ruler under the action of the fluid;
C D the flow-around resistance coefficient of the level is constant;
A P is the projected area of the level on a plane perpendicular to the direction of fluid movement;
ρ is the fluid density;
v is the fluid velocity;
m is the torque value generated by the level bar under the action of fluid;
H R the total length of the water level gauge;
alpha is a benefit and disadvantage correction coefficient and is a constant;
h is the actual fluid depth.
Preferably, in the monitoring system, the flow rate of the open channel is calculated by the following model based on the fluid depth, the fluid flow rate, and the open channel width;
Figure SMS_5
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
b is the width of the open channel;
h is the depth of the fluid;
v is the fluid velocity;
q is the flow of the open channel.
Preferably, the monitoring system further comprises a control module, the control module is electrically connected with the torque sensor on the water level gauge and acquires a value of the torque sensor through the first signal acquisition module, and the control module is also electrically connected with the camera through the second signal acquisition module and acquires a shot picture of the camera.
Preferably, in the monitoring system, the image processing module preprocesses the captured picture, obtains R and G components of the picture, prad and pGreen, sets the threshold T, and adjusts values of the prad and pGreen components to enhance a display effect of the captured picture.
Preferably, in the monitoring system, the control module, the torque sensor and the camera perform digital transmission through the lor a wireless communication module, and the control module is further provided with a display module which displays a result in real time.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for monitoring the flow rate of an open channel by using the monitoring system, specifically:
acquisition of the actual fluid depth H: performing pixelization processing on the shooting result of the camera on the water level gauge through a control module, and acquiring the actual depth of the fluid according to the number of pixels;
the actual flow Q in the open channel is obtained based on the actual fluid depth H, the actual flow velocity v of the fluid, and the open channel width.
Preferably, in the above monitoring method, the actual flow velocity v of the fluid is based on the total resistance F and the generated torque M experienced by the level and the projected area A of the level in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the fluid P And obtaining the product through model calculation.
Preferably, in the monitoring method, the calculation model of the fluid flow rate v and the total resistance F is:
Figure SMS_6
and the model of total resistance F versus torque M is:
M=F(H R -αH)
advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the monitoring system provided by the invention has the advantages that the water level gauge is shot in real time through the camera, the shot pictures are subjected to pixelization, the height of the water level gauge above the water surface is obtained through the calculation of the number of pixels of the processed pictures, the actual depth of the fluid is further obtained through the calculation of the total length of the water level gauge, and the flow of the open channel is obtained through the calculation of the actual flow speed, the actual depth and the width of the open channel.
The monitoring method of the invention also obtains the flow velocity of the fluid by calculating the resistance value of the torque sensor, the torque value and the projection area of the water level gauge, thereby realizing the problem of inaccurate monitoring result caused by the real-time change of the flow velocity of the fluid in the prior art, and the flow velocity of the fluid in the embodiment is obtained by model calculation, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the result.
According to the method for monitoring the flow of the open channel, the depth and the flow rate can be calculated in real time, so that weighted average fitting can be performed on the depth and the flow rate within a certain time, the accuracy of the flow rate and the depth within the time period is guaranteed, and the condition that the instantaneous monitoring result of the depth and the flow rate in the prior art does not have representativeness of the result within the certain time period is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a monitoring system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a camera shooting a water level gauge in the monitoring method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the water level gauge taken by the camera according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a pixel diagram of the water level gauge photographed image processed by the camera according to the present invention.
The corresponding relationship between the reference numbers of the figures and the names of the components in the figures is as follows:
1. a main structural frame; 2. a secondary structural frame; 3. a side frame; 4. leveling the base; 5. a water level gauge connecting seat; 6. a water level gauge; 7. a camera; 8. and a control module.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanying figures of the present invention are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. The present invention provides the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of the monitoring system in this embodiment, the monitoring system in this embodiment includes an overall structure formed by connecting a main structure 1, a sub-structure frame 2, and side frames 3, as shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the side frames 3 are used for making the overall structure of the monitoring system cross an open channel and place above the open channel, the main structure frame 1 is connected with the sub-structure frame 2, and a direction of the sub-structure frame 2 is identical to a water flow direction, in this embodiment, one end of the sub-structure frame 2 is connected with a water level gauge connecting seat 5, the water level gauge connecting seat 5 is connected with a water level gauge 6 through a torque sensor, one side of the sub-structure frame 2 opposite to the water level gauge 6 is connected with a camera 7, and the camera 7 is used for shooting the water level gauge 6, in this embodiment, a control module 8 is further installed on the side frames 3, and the control module 8 is used for controlling the above components to operate.
The water level gauge 6 in this embodiment is the alternate cylindric structure of black and white, and when carrying out flow monitoring to the open channel, water level gauge 6 is installed on water level gauge connecting seat 5 to the bottom of water level gauge 6 extends to the bottom of open channel.
In this embodiment, a level gauge is further disposed on the main structure frame 1, the bottom of the side frame 3 is connected with a leveling base 4, and the leveling base 4 is used for enabling the overall structure of the monitoring system to be horizontally placed above the open channel and adjusted through the leveling base 4 until the level gauge on the main structure frame 1 reaches a horizontal state.
In this embodiment, the monitoring system is further used in cooperation with the control module 8, the control module 8 is connected with a solar charging controller, the solar charging controller is electrically connected with the solar panel and the storage battery, and the solar panel generates electricity by using sunlight and is stored in the storage battery for the structure to be electrified and operated.
In this embodiment, control module 8 still with the torque sensor electric connection on the water level gauge 6, when the water level gauge 6 is around taking place because the effect of rivers, torque value M is monitored to torque sensor, torque sensor still is provided with signal acquisition module one, and feed back control module 8 through signal acquisition module one record torque value M, in this embodiment, control module 8 passes through signal acquisition module two and camera 7 electric connection, and shoot the projection picture that obtains water level gauge 6 in real time to water level gauge 6 through camera 7, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 4, which is a schematic diagram of a shooting result of the camera 7 on the water level gauge 6 in this embodiment, after a shot picture of the water level gauge 6 is obtained, the picture is preprocessed, specifically, the picture is scanned, R, G components pRED and pGreen of the picture are obtained, a threshold T is set, a difference value between the pRED component and the pGreen component of a pixel point in the picture is determined, and a lattice effect in the shot picture is enhanced by changing values of the pRED component and the pGreen component.
In this embodiment, the actual water level can be obtained by modeling the pixels by forming the pixels of the picture, and the problem of low accuracy in estimating the water level of the water level gauge 6 in the prior art is solved.
The specific water level calculation model is as follows:
Figure SMS_7
in the above formula:
h is the actual water depth, mm;
H R the total length of the water level gauge 6 is mm;
H grid The length of each grid on the water level ruler is mm;
Figure SMS_8
is H P -H RP The number of pixels in the interval, namely the number of pixels on the water surface;
Figure SMS_9
is H EP -H RP The number of pixels in the interval, that is, the number of pixels of a single lattice;
wherein:
H P the height from the upper water surface of the image to the top of the image;
H RP height from top of grid to top of image on image;
H EP height from the lower surface of the grid to the top of the image on the image;
in this embodiment, based on the above formula, the number of the above-water-surface lattices can be calculated, the length of the above-water-surface water level gauge 6 can be calculated from the length of the lattice, and the actual water level H can be calculated from the total length of the water level gauge 6.
In this embodiment, the picture of shooing water level ruler 6 is pixelized, and the accurate length of calculating the water level ruler 6 that is located the surface of water top according to the pixel quantity on the picture, can accurately obtain the length of the water level ruler 6 that is located the surface of water below, namely actual water depth, in addition, above-mentioned model can be shot in real time in this embodiment, calculate and obtain actual water depth from the picture of shooing in real time, thereby solved among the prior art because the surface of water fluctuation that the unrestrained flower in the open channel rivers caused thereby the problem that the actual water depth judgement is not accurate enough takes place, can real-time monitoring actual water depth in this embodiment, with carrying out weighted average according to the actual water depth of different time points, can obtain the actual water depth in the certain period of time, this calculation mode is comparatively accurate, thereby the open channel flow that obtains is also more accurate, flow monitoring's the degree of accuracy has been improved greatly.
In this embodiment, the torque sensor can monitor the resistance F and the torque M of the level 6 due to the water flow in real time, and can monitor and obtain the projection area a of the level 6 on the plane perpendicular to the fluid movement direction based on opencv D (ii) a And the model formula for the total resistance to fluid received by level 6 is as follows:
Figure SMS_10
and the calculation model of the torque M of the torque sensor is:
M=F(H R -αH)
based on the two formulas, obtaining a model of the flow velocity of the water flow in the open channel:
Figure SMS_11
in the above formula:
f is the resistance generated by the level ruler 6 under the action of the fluid and is obtained by monitoring of a torque sensor;
C D the flow-around resistance coefficient of the level bar 6 is constant;
A P the projected area of the level ruler 6 on a plane vertical to the moving direction of the fluid;
ρ is the fluid density;
v is the fluid velocity;
m is a torque value generated by the level ruler 6 under the action of fluid;
H R the total length of the water level gauge 6;
alpha is a benefit and disadvantage correction coefficient and is a constant;
h is the actual water depth.
In the present embodiment, the flow rate of the open channel can be obtained by the following model calculation based on the actual water depth H, the flow velocity v of the fluid, and the width B of the open channel.
Figure SMS_12
In the present embodiment, the first and second electrodes are,
b is the width of the open channel and is obtained by measurement;
h is actual depth of water, obtains the picture and obtains the length that lies in the level bar 6 on the surface of water after carrying out the pixelation to the picture through camera 7 to the shooting of level bar 6, can know the length that lies in the level bar 6 of surface of water below according to the total length of level bar 6, actual depth of water promptly.
v is the fluid speed, the resistance of the level 6 due to the action of the fluid and the torque value are monitored in real time according to the torque sensor, and the fluid speed is obtained according to the total fluid resistance model according to the projected area of the level 6 in the direction vertical to the fluid.
In this embodiment, the flow Q of the open channel can be obtained by calculation based on the above-mentioned open channel width B, the actual water depth H of the open channel, and the fluid velocity in the open channel, and it should be noted that the fluid flow velocity v in this embodiment can be obtained by calculation through the above-mentioned model, or can be obtained by monitoring the actual flow velocity.
In this embodiment, a method for monitoring the flow rate of the open channel is further provided, which specifically includes the following steps:
first, a monitoring system is mounted above the open channel, and the end of the level bar 6 abuts against the bottom of the open channel, so that the control module 8 controls the camera 7 to photograph the level bar 6 in real time, a pixel map of the photographed picture is obtained by processing, the length of the level bar 6 above the water surface is obtained from the pixel map, and the actual water depth H is obtained based on the total length of the level bar 6, and the projected area a of the level bar 6 in the vertical fluid direction can be obtained based on the pixel map P Based on the projected area A P And the actual water depth can obtain the flow velocity v of the open channel fluid, and the flow Q of the open channel is obtained through a flow calculation model based on the flow velocity v of the open channel fluid, the actual water depth H of the open channel and the width B of the open channel.
In the embodiment, the image processing module is used for processing the image of the water level gauge 6, the image processing module is based on a machine vision algorithm and adopts a Python language to write a program, the camera is used for collecting the image of the water level gauge to perform color space transformation operation, the local threshold value self-adaptive threshold value segmentation and the closed operation are automatically calculated according to the brightness distribution of different areas of the image to complete the extraction of the water level gauge, and then an irrelevant background area in the water level image shot by the camera is eliminated; secondly, carrying out threshold segmentation again by using the saturation characteristic of the image, then obtaining the information such as the area size, the position height and the like of an effective black area by using connected domain detection, and retrieving the maximum hydrological ruler mark block and the position information, thereby obtaining the position information of a water level reference point and a unit length pixel reference value; and finally, recognizing the water level line through the image change characteristics of the cylindrical water level ruler before and after the water body is shielded, carrying out brightness change statistics on the surface of the ruler, and further calculating data such as a reference water level scale value, the upper edge position of the strip-shaped block, the lower edge position of the strip-shaped block, the first pixel point position of the image and the like and transmitting the data to the data calculation module.
In addition, the control module 8 in this embodiment is further connected with a display module, the display module adopts a 0.96-inch OLed liquid crystal display screen, is fixed outside the main control chamber, is connected with the data calculation module inside the main control chamber through a flat cable, and can display the nearly three-time water level identification result and the stage channel flow; the voltage differential signal amplification acquisition circuit is positioned in the main control chamber, acquires the differential voltage value of the torque sensor, and converts the differential voltage value into a torque value in the data processing module according to a calibrated voltage-torque conversion formula.
In the embodiment, data transmission is performed by adopting a lora wireless communication module, the lora wireless communication module is located in a main control room, data information of the data calculation module is received and transmitted to the 4G gateway, and finally the data information is transmitted to the cloud data center by the 4G gateway in a 4G communication mode to be stored, so that long-time sequence observation data and images are formed, and the function of transmitting digital information is achieved in the device.
The monitoring system in this embodiment carries out real-time supervision to the actual depth of water and the velocity of flow of open channel flow to improved the calculation accuracy of open channel flow greatly, thereby be convenient for the implementation of hydraulic engineering such as the water transfer of later stage.
While the invention has been described in further detail in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various other modifications and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should be considered to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides an open channel flow monitoring system based on cylinder is around flowing principle, including main structure (1), the overall structure who forms is connected between auxiliary structure frame (2) and side bearer (3), the one end of auxiliary structure frame (2) is connected with water level ruler connecting seat (5), be connected with water level ruler (6) through torque sensor on water level ruler connecting seat (5), one side of the relative water level ruler (6) of auxiliary structure frame (2) is connected with camera (7), camera (7) are used for shooing water level ruler (6), its characterized in that:
the monitoring system obtains the actual fluid depth of the open channel after the image of the water level gauge (6) obtained through shooting is subjected to pixelation processing through the pixel processing module, obtains the fluid flow rate based on the resistance and the torque generated by the torque sensor, and obtains the flow through the width of the open channel, the fluid flow rate and the actual fluid depth.
2. The open channel flow monitoring system based on the cylindrical bypass principle according to claim 1, wherein the actual fluid depth is calculated based on the following model, wherein the specific model is as follows:
Figure FDA0004061309150000011
in the formula:
h is the actual fluid depth, mm;
H R the total length of the water level gauge (6) is mm;
H grid The length of each grid on the water level gauge is mm;
Figure FDA0004061309150000012
is H P -H RP The number of pixels in the interval, namely the number of pixels on the water surface;
Figure FDA0004061309150000013
is H EP -H RP The number of pixels in the interval, that is, the number of pixels of a single lattice;
wherein:
H P the height from the water level above the image to the top of the image;
H RP height from top of grid to top of image on image;
H EP the height from the lower surface of the grid to the top of the image on the image.
3. The open channel flow monitoring system based on the cylindrical bypass principle according to claim 2, wherein the fluid flow rate is obtained based on the following model:
Figure FDA0004061309150000014
in the formula:
f is the resistance generated by the horizontal ruler (6) under the action of fluid;
C D the flow-around resistance coefficient of the level bar (6) is a constant;
A P the projected area of the horizontal ruler (6) on a plane vertical to the moving direction of the fluid is shown;
ρ is the fluid density;
v is the fluid velocity;
m is a torque value generated by the level (6) under the action of fluid;
H R the total length of the water level gauge (6);
alpha is a correction coefficient of interest and disadvantage and is a constant;
h is the actual fluid depth.
4. The open channel flow monitoring system based on the cylindrical bypass principle according to claim 3, wherein the flow rate of the open channel is calculated by the following model according to the depth of the fluid and the flow rate and the width of the open channel;
Figure FDA0004061309150000021
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
b is the width of the open channel;
h is the depth of the fluid;
v is the fluid velocity;
q is the flow of the open channel.
5. The open channel flow monitoring system based on the cylindrical bypass principle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a control module (8), wherein the control module (8) is electrically connected with the torque sensor on the water level gauge (6) and obtains the value of the torque sensor through the first signal acquisition module, and the control module (8) is also electrically connected with the camera (7) through the second signal acquisition module and obtains the shot picture of the camera (7).
6. The open channel flow monitoring system based on the cylindrical flow-around principle as claimed in claim 5, wherein the image processing module preprocesses the shot picture, obtains R and G components pRED and pGreen of the picture, sets the threshold value T, and adjusts the values of the pRED and pGreen components to enhance the display effect of the shot picture.
7. The open channel flow monitoring system based on the cylindrical bypass flow principle according to claim 5, characterized in that the control module (8) performs data transmission with the torque sensor and the camera (7) through a lora wireless communication module, and a display module is further arranged on the control module (8) and displays the result in real time.
8. The monitoring method of the open channel flow monitoring system based on the cylindrical bypass principle according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
acquisition of the actual fluid depth H: the control module (8) is used for carrying out pixelization processing on the shooting result of the camera (7) on the water level gauge (6), and the actual depth of the fluid is obtained according to the number of pixels;
the actual flow Q in the open channel is obtained based on the actual fluid depth H, the actual flow velocity v of the fluid, and the open channel width.
9. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the actual flow velocity v of the fluid is based on the total resistance F experienced by the level (6) and the resulting torque M and the projected area A of the level (6) in a direction perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow P And obtaining the product through model calculation.
10. A method of monitoring as claimed in claim 9, wherein the computational model of fluid flow rate v and total resistance F is:
Figure FDA0004061309150000031
and the model of total resistance F versus torque M is:
M=F(H R -αH)。
CN202310061629.6A 2023-01-17 2023-01-17 Open channel flow monitoring system and method based on cylindrical streaming principle Pending CN115962806A (en)

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