CN115955078A - Multidirectional electromagnetic type vibration power generation device - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to a multidirectional electromagnetic vibration generating device which comprises a shell, an inner frame, a supporting beam, a clamp and an electromechanical conversion unit. A closed and hollow space is formed inside the shell, and the inner frame, the supporting beam, the clamp and the electromechanical conversion unit positioned inside the shell are protected; one end of the supporting beam is fixed on the inner wall of the outer shell by a clamp, the other end of the supporting beam is fixed on the inner frame positioned in the outer shell, and at least 3 supporting beams positioned in the same plane connect the inner frame and the outer shell together. The electromechanical conversion unit is composed of at least 3 electromagnetic vibration energy collectors arranged along the periphery of the inner frame. The center of gravity of the combined structure formed by the inner frame and the movable part of the electromagnetic vibration energy collector is not in the plane of the support beam. The device can collect vibration energy of a plane where the direction is parallel to and perpendicular to the supporting beam, and has wide application prospect in the fields of wireless sensing and the like.

Description

Multidirectional electromagnetic type vibration power generation device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of green energy and wireless sensor networks, in particular to a power generation device for converting vibration energy in the environment into electric energy based on the principles of forced vibration and electromagnetic induction.

Background

With the development of the internet of things technology, the wireless sensing technology is widely applied to the fields of intelligent agriculture, intelligent buildings, smart power grids, forest fire prevention and monitoring and the like; the wireless sensor nodes for monitoring have the characteristics of large quantity, scattered positions and the like, although the traditional power supply mode is mature like a chemical battery, the chemical battery has the problems of short service life and difficulty in stable work in environments with high temperature, low temperature and high humidity, and needs to be regularly replaced or charged in a large scale in the use process, so that the labor cost is increased, and particularly, when the wireless sensor nodes are at positions which are not easy to reach, such as the top of a high-voltage tower, the wireless sensor nodes are difficult to maintain; and the chemical battery causes pollution to the environment. The development of low-power-consumption chips, sensors and wireless communication technology greatly reduces the power consumption of electronic equipment such as monitoring and wireless receiving and transmitting terminals and the like, so that the power supply of wireless sensor nodes by adopting a micro power generation device to replace chemical batteries becomes possible; compared with the traditional chemical battery, the micro power generation device has the advantages of good stability, no maintenance, long service life, no pollution and the like, and is a hotspot of current research in the fields of wireless sensor networks and micro energy sources.

Vibration energy widely exists in the environment, and is applied to energy collection as clean energy; the vibration energy collection means that the vibration energy collector is rigidly connected with a structure generating vibration excitation, and the vibration can be amplified through the internal structure of the power generation device and transmitted to the electromechanical conversion unit, so that the conversion from the vibration energy to the electric energy is realized. Most of the existing vibration energy collectors can only collect vibration excitation in one direction, and when the vibration energy in the environment comes from different directions, the vibration energy cannot be effectively collected, so that the application of the devices is influenced. Therefore, the development of the vibration energy acquisition power generation device with high efficiency in different vibration excitation directions has important significance.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a multidirectional electromagnetic type vibration power generation device, which can convert vibration energy in different directions in the environment into electric energy; the power generation device can work stably for a long time in an outdoor environment and is an ideal power source for low-power-consumption wireless sensor nodes and the like.

In order to complete the power generation device, the following scheme is adopted:

a multidirectional electromagnetic vibration power generation device is composed of a shell, an inner frame, a supporting beam, a clamp and an electromechanical conversion unit. The inner part of the shell forms a closed and hollow space, and the inner frame, the supporting beam, the clamp and the electromechanical conversion unit which are positioned in the shell have a protection function; one end of the supporting beam is fixed on the inner wall of the shell by a clamp, the other end of the supporting beam is fixed on the inner frame positioned in the shell, and at least 3 supporting beams positioned in the same plane connect the inner frame and the shell together. The electromechanical conversion unit is composed of at least 3 electromagnetic vibration energy collectors arranged along the periphery of the inner frame, each electromagnetic vibration energy collector is composed of a coil frame, a copper coil, a permanent magnet, an elastic beam, a clamp and a screw nut, the copper coil is fixed on the coil frame, the coil frame is fixed on the inner wall of the shell, the permanent magnet is fixed at one end of the elastic beam, and the other end of the elastic beam is fixed on the inner frame through the clamp and the screw nut. The center of gravity of the combined structure consisting of the inner frame and the permanent magnet, the elastic beam, the clamp, the screw and the nut of the electromechanical conversion unit fixed on the inner frame is not in the plane of the support beam.

When the shell of the generating set is fixed on a vibrating object, if the vibration direction is parallel to the plane of the supporting beam, because the gravity center of a combined structure consisting of the inner frame and the permanent magnet, the elastic beam, the clamp, the screw nut and the like of the electromechanical conversion unit fixed on the inner frame is not in the plane, and the inertia force borne by the combined structure is not in the plane, moment changing along with time is generated on the supporting beam, so that the combined structure and the supporting beam vibrate, the vibration of the combined structure causes the relative movement of the permanent magnet positioned at the free end of the elastic beam relative to the copper coil fixed on the inner wall of the shell, the elastic beam has an amplification effect on the vibration of the combined structure, the relative movement of the permanent magnet and the copper coil further causes the change of magnetic flux passing through the copper coil and generates induced electromotive force, and the induced electromotive force can be used for supplying power to an external load.

If the vibration direction is vertical to the plane of the supporting beam, the inertia force borne by the combined structure can cause the supporting beam to bear force which changes along with time, so that the combined structure and the supporting beam vibrate, the vibration of the combined structure causes the permanent magnet at the free end of the elastic beam to move relative to the copper coil fixed on the inner wall of the shell, further, the magnetic flux passing through the copper coil changes, induced electromotive force is generated, and the induced electromotive force can be used for supplying power to an external load.

Therefore, when the vibration direction is parallel to the plane of the supporting beam or perpendicular to the plane of the supporting beam, the power generation device can generate power.

According to the operating principle of the vibration energy generating device, the natural frequency of the generating device under vibration is close to the natural frequency of the supporting beam and the plurality of electromechanical conversion combined structures. Through designing and optimizing the power generation device, the natural frequency of the power generation device can be matched with the natural frequency of the electromechanical conversion unit, and after matching, the motion of the whole vibration body and the motion of the electromechanical conversion unit generate resonance, so that the conversion efficiency of the power generation device is improved to a greater extent. The natural frequency of the power generation device can be realized by adjusting the rigidity of the supporting beam and the mass of the combined structure, and the natural frequency of the electromechanical conversion unit can be realized by adjusting the mass of the permanent magnet and the rigidity of the elastic beam.

Compared with the disclosed vibration energy power generation device, the invention has the following advantages:

1. according to the electromagnetic type vibration power generation device, the internal electromechanical conversion unit is isolated from the outside through the shell, so that the electromechanical unit is prevented from being corroded and damaged by external factors such as rainwater, sand wind and the like; the device avoids insects, leaves and other animals and plants from entering the power generation device, occupying the working space of the electromechanical conversion unit and influencing the vibration of the movable part; the stable work of the internal structure is ensured by the shell, so that the power generation device has the advantages of strong reliability and small influence by the external environment;

2. according to the electromagnetic type vibration power generation device, the gravity center of a combined structure formed by the inner frame, the permanent magnet of the electromechanical conversion unit fixed on the inner frame, the elastic beam, the clamp, the screw nut and the like is not arranged in the plane of the supporting beam, so that the collection of vibration energy in different directions is realized;

3. according to the electromagnetic vibration power generation device, the elastic beams in different vibration directions are fixed on the inner frame, so that the relative movement of the permanent magnet relative to the copper coil when the inner frame vibrates in the direction is further amplified, and the output power of the power generation device is further improved;

3. the electromagnetic type vibration power generation device provided by the invention converts vibration energy into electric energy by adopting an electromagnetic type principle, specifically applies the relative motion of a permanent magnet and a coil to change the magnetic flux of the coil, and generates a potential difference at two ends of a coil wire. Compared with piezoelectric and friction power generation type power generation devices, the electromagnetic power generation device has no obvious output attenuation after long-time work and has better long-term stability;

4. the electromagnetic vibration power generation device provided by the invention can adjust the frequency of the power generation device by changing the mass of the movable part, the rigidity of the supporting beam, the mass of the permanent magnet and the rigidity of the elastic beam, match the natural frequency of the power generation device with the vibration frequency of the structure generating excitation, generate resonance when the power generation device is rigidly connected with the structure generating excitation, and effectively improve the energy utilization rate.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multidirectional electromagnetic vibration power generation device;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester constituting an electromechanical conversion unit;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic vibration energy collector;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the housing.

Detailed Description

The power generation device will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the overall structure of a multidirectional electromagnetic vibration power generation device is shown. The device is composed of a housing 1, an inner frame 2, a support beam 3, a clamp 4 and an electromechanical conversion unit 5; the inside of the housing 1 forms a closed and hollow space, which has a protective effect on the inner frame 2, the support beam 3, the clamp 4, and the electromechanical conversion unit 5 located inside; one end of the support beam 3 is fixed to the inner wall of the casing 1 by a jig 4, the other end of the support beam 3 is fixed to the inner frame 2 located inside the casing 1, and at least 3 (6 in fig. 1) support beams 3 connect the inner frame 2 and the casing 1 together.

As shown in fig. 2, the electromechanical conversion unit 5 is composed of 6 electromagnetic vibration energy collectors 6 arranged along the periphery of the inner frame 4, and each electromagnetic vibration energy collector 6 has a structure shown in fig. 3, and is composed of a coil frame 601, a copper coil 602, a permanent magnet 603, an elastic beam 604, a clamp 605, and a screw nut 606; the coil frame 601 is used for fixing the copper coil 602, as shown in fig. 4, a positioning rail 101 is left at the bottom inside the housing 1, so that the coil frame 601 is conveniently positioned and fixed, the accuracy in the installation process is ensured, and the situation that the distance between the permanent magnet 603 and the copper coil 602 is changed due to the assembly problem, so that the movable parts are contacted with each other and consume energy when the electromagnetic type vibration energy collector 6 vibrates, is ensured; the permanent magnet 603 is fixed to one end of the elastic beam 604, and the other end of the elastic beam 604 is held by a clamp 605 and the inner frame 2, and fixed by a screw nut 606. The coil frame 601 and the clamp 606 are made of plastic, the permanent magnet 603 can be made of neodymium iron boron magnet, the copper coil 602 can be made of multi-turn copper coil, and the elastic beam 604 can be made of metal or plastic and other materials with good elasticity.

When the housing 1 of the power generation device is fixed on a vibrating object, if the vibration direction is parallel to the plane of the support beam 3, because the center of gravity of the combined structure formed by the inner frame 1 and the permanent magnet 603, the elastic beam 604, the clamp 605, the screw nut 606 and the like of the electromechanical conversion unit 5 fixed on the inner frame 1 is not in the plane, and the inertial force applied to the combined structure is not in the plane, moment changing along with time is generated on the support beam 3, so that the combined structure and the support beam 3 vibrate, the vibration of the combined structure causes the permanent magnet 603 at the free end of the elastic beam 604 to move relative to the copper coil 602 fixed on the inner wall of the housing 1, the elastic beam 604 has amplification effect on the vibration of the combined structure, the relative movement of the permanent magnet 603 and the copper coil 602 further causes the change of magnetic flux passing through the copper coil 602 and generates induced electromotive force, and the induced electromotive force can be used for supplying power to external loads.

If the vibration direction is perpendicular to the plane of the support beam 3, the inertia force applied to the combined structure will cause the support beam 3 to be applied with a time-varying force perpendicular to the plane, causing the combined structure and the support beam 3 to vibrate, and the vibration of the combined structure causes the permanent magnet 603 at the free end of the elastic beam 604 to move relatively to the copper coil 602 fixed on the inner wall of the housing 1, further causing the magnetic flux passing through the copper coil 602 to vary and generate an induced electromotive force, which can be used to supply power to the external load.

Therefore, the power generation device can collect vibration energy parallel to the plane of the support beam 3 and perpendicular to the plane of the support beam 3.

When the power generation device is designed, the integral natural frequency of the power generation device needs to be matched with the natural frequency of the electromagnetic vibration energy collector 6, so that the purpose that the electromagnetic vibration energy collector 6 also works in a resonance state when the power generation device works in the resonance state is achieved, and the point is particularly important for improving the conversion efficiency; the frequency matching can be achieved through simulation software, theoretical calculation, experiments and other means. Meanwhile, considering the influence of the source vibration excitation frequency on the conversion efficiency of the power generation device, when the source vibration excitation frequency is close to or the same as the natural frequency of the power generation device, the power generation device can work in a resonance state to generate larger electrical output to drive a subsequent wireless sensor node.

When the power generation device is designed, the shell structure which is as flat as possible needs to be considered, and water accumulation or dust deposition is avoided. The surface of the shell can be covered by a hydrophobic anti-corrosion material and coated with an insect repellent, so that the outdoor practicability of the device is further improved, and the service life is prolonged.

Claims (5)

1. A multidirectional electromagnetic vibration power generation device is composed of a shell, an inner frame, a supporting beam, a clamp and an electromechanical conversion unit. The inner part of the shell forms a closed and hollow space, and the inner frame, the supporting beam, the clamp and the electromechanical conversion unit which are positioned in the shell have a protection function; one end of the supporting beam is fixed on the inner wall of the outer shell by a clamp, the other end of the supporting beam is fixed on the inner frame positioned in the outer shell, and at least 3 supporting beams positioned in the same plane connect the inner frame and the outer shell together. The electromechanical conversion unit is composed of at least 3 electromagnetic vibration energy collectors arranged along the periphery of the inner frame, each electromagnetic vibration energy collector is composed of a coil frame, a copper coil, a permanent magnet, an elastic beam, a clamp and a screw nut, the copper coil is fixed on the coil frame, the coil frame is fixed on the inner wall of the shell, the permanent magnet is fixed at one end of the elastic beam, and the other end of the elastic beam is fixed on the inner frame through the clamp and the screw nut.

2. The microminiature generating set of claim 1, wherein: the center of gravity of a combined structure formed by the inner frame and the permanent magnet, the elastic beam, the clamp, the screw nut and the like of the electromechanical conversion unit fixed on the inner frame is not in the plane of the supporting beam, so that the vibration energy parallel to the plane of the supporting beam is collected.

3. The microminiature generating set of claim 1, wherein: the power generation device is provided with a plurality of elastic beams with different vibration directions, so that the energy collection efficiency in the direction is improved.

4. The microminiature generating set of claim 1, wherein: when the integral natural frequency of the power generation device is close to the natural frequency of the magnet-elastic beam structure in the electromagnetic electromechanical conversion unit, the output power of the power generation device is higher.

5. The microminiature generating set of claim 1, wherein: the natural frequency of the power generation device can be realized by adjusting the rigidity of the supporting beam and the mass of the combined structure, and the natural frequency of the electromechanical conversion unit can be realized by adjusting the mass of the permanent magnet and the rigidity of the elastic beam.

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