CN115950411A - Atomic spin inertia measurement device pumping light beam angle in-situ adjusting system - Google Patents

Atomic spin inertia measurement device pumping light beam angle in-situ adjusting system Download PDF

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CN115950411A
CN115950411A CN202210936018.7A CN202210936018A CN115950411A CN 115950411 A CN115950411 A CN 115950411A CN 202210936018 A CN202210936018 A CN 202210936018A CN 115950411 A CN115950411 A CN 115950411A
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beam splitter
light
alkali metal
polarization
splitter prism
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杜鹏程
袁琪
刘祀浔
武嘉琪
王卓
全伟
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Beihang University
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Beihang University
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Abstract

Atomic spin inertia measurement device pump light beam angle normal position governing system to atomic spin inertia measurement device is the study object, to pump light beam angle regulation problem, can make atomic polarization through the pump light, combine to utilize the pump light beam angle of different performance can bring different polarizabilities simultaneously, a scheme of utilizing atomic polarizability signal to realize adjusting pump light beam angle has been established, this kind of light field based on atomic experience changes and carries out beam angle regulation, has the characteristics of being convenient for engineering realization when having satisfied the design demand, installation error has been eliminated, the light beam scattering error that alkali metal air chamber brought has been reduced, atomic polarizability has been improved, be applicable to the product of atomic spin inertia measurement device class, very wide application prospect has.

Description

Atomic spin inertia measurement device pumping light beam angle in-situ adjusting system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of atomic spin inertia measurement devices, and particularly relates to an atomic spin inertia measurement device pumping light beam angle in-situ adjusting system.
Background
In recent years, an atomic spin inertia measurement device has been developed, and has the potential of high precision, small size, and relatively easy engineering realization, and is a new development direction of an inertia measurement instrument. The atomic spin inertia measurement device requires that the working atoms have higher polarizability, wherein the accurate adjustment of the beam angle of the pumping light is of great significance for improving the polarizability of the working atoms.
At present, the main method for adjusting the laser beam angle is to adjust the beam expanding lens. For an atomic spin inertia measurement device, the conventional pumping light beam angle adjustment is generally performed by designing and installing an optical beam expanding lens system according to the size of an air chamber. In practical application, however, on one hand, errors exist in the installation of the lens, which causes the light beam emitted by the beam expanding lens system to be not an ideal light beam, and on the other hand, the parallel light beam entering the alkali metal gas chamber is refracted, which causes the light beam inside the alkali metal gas chamber to be no longer parallel light, which reduces the atomic polarization rate.
In conclusion, with the development and progress in the field of quantum physics, the design of the pumping light beam angle has a wide prospect, and research and practical research on the aspect is relatively lacked. The invention starts from the general point of view, researches an in-situ adjusting system of the pumping light beam angle of the atomic spin inertia measuring device, and provides guidance and reference for the adjusting design of the pumping light beam angle of the similar atomic spin inertia/magnetic field measuring device.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the defect that the atomic polarizability is reduced due to installation errors of a laser beam expanding system and refraction angle errors of an alkali metal air chamber is overcome, and the in-situ adjusting system for the pumping light beam angle of the atomic spin inertia measuring device is provided and used for improving the precision of the beam expanding system.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the system is characterized by comprising a beam expanding system arranged on a pumping light path on the left side of an alkali metal air chamber and a detection light path system arranged on the right side of the alkali metal air chamber, wherein pumping light emitted by the beam expanding system passes through the alkali metal air chamber through a depolarization beam splitter prism, and the depolarization beam splitter prism reflects detection light which forms a pair with the pumping light and penetrates through the alkali metal air chamber to a photoelectric detection differential processing system so as to realize in-situ adjustment of a pumping light beam angle in the beam expanding system according to a detection result of the photoelectric detection differential processing system.
The in-situ adjustment of the beam angle of the pumping light comprises the adjustment of the focal length and the position of the beam expander, and the maximum alkali metal atomic polarizability of the system is realized through adjustment so as to obtain the optimal beam angle of the pumping light.
The photoelectric detection differential processing system obtains the information of the polarizability of the alkali metal atoms in the gas chamber by obtaining the rotation angle information of the linear polarization plane of the detection light after passing through the alkali metal gas chamber.
The detection light and the pumping light directly detect the atomic polarizability in the direction of the pumping light in a correlation mode, on one hand, the polarizability can be directly measured in real time, and on the other hand, errors caused by measurement errors and indirect parameters caused by the fact that the electronic polarizability is obtained through indirect calculation by system response in the prior art are avoided.
The beam expanding system includes the first beam expander of connecting the pumping laser through first optical isolator, the output side of first beam expander loops through first polarization beam splitter, first liquid crystal phase delay ware and second polarization beam splitter and connects the second beam expander, the second beam expander passes through 1/4 wave connection depolarization beam splitter, second polarization beam splitter connects through first photodetector first liquid crystal phase delay ware is in order to form first steady light intensity system, through adjusting the light intensity after first liquid crystal phase delay ware's voltage comes stable control through first steady light intensity system, first polarization beam splitter with second polarization beam splitter mutually perpendicular is in order to reach the extinction effect.
The detection light path system comprises a detection laser, the detection laser is connected with the depolarization beam splitter through a second optical isolator, a second 1/2 wave plate, a fifth polarization beam splitter, a second liquid crystal phase retarder, a fourth polarization beam splitter and an alkali metal air chamber in sequence, the fourth polarization beam splitter is connected with the second liquid crystal phase retarder through a third photoelectric detector to form a second light stabilizing intensity system, the light intensity after passing through the second light stabilizing intensity system is stably controlled by adjusting the voltage of the second liquid crystal phase retarder, and the fourth polarization beam splitter and the fifth polarization beam splitter are perpendicular to each other to achieve the extinction effect.
The photoelectric detection differential processing system comprises a differential node, the output end of the differential node is connected with a signal processor, the first input end of the differential node is connected with the transmission side of a third polarization beam splitter prism through a second photoelectric detector, the second input end of the differential node is connected with the reflection side of the third polarization beam splitter prism through a fourth photoelectric detector, the input side of the third polarization beam splitter prism is connected with a depolarization beam splitter prism through a first 1/2 wave plate, and the optical axes of the third polarization beam splitter prism and the fourth polarization beam splitter prism are orthogonal so as to achieve an extinction effect.
The detection laser generates a beam of monochromatic light detuned from the alkali metal atoms, and the pumping laser generates a beam of monochromatic light resonating with the alkali metal atoms.
The alkali metal gas chamber is positioned in the oven, and the alkali metal gas chamber contains potassium, rubidium or cesium atoms and is filled with nitrogen and helium.
The light intensity of the detection light passing through the alkali metal gas chamber is set as I, the refractive indexes of the left-handed circular polarized light and the right-handed circular polarized light in the polarized medium are different, and the polarized alkali metal atoms enable the polarization plane of the linearly polarized light passing through the alkali metal gas chamber to rotate the angle
Figure BDA0003783208030000035
The light intensity entering the second photodetector is I 1 And the light intensity entering the fourth photodetector is I 2 Then, then
Figure BDA0003783208030000031
Figure BDA0003783208030000032
Thereby calculating
Figure BDA0003783208030000033
Then, the alkali metal atom polarizability P is calculated by the following formula e
Figure BDA0003783208030000034
Wherein K is a constant coefficient.
The invention has the following technical effects: the system for in-situ adjustment of the beam angle of pumping light of the atomic spin inertia measurement device is a research object, aims at the problem of adjustment of the beam angle of the pumping light, enables atoms to be polarized through the pumping light, and simultaneously combines different polarizabilities brought by the beam angles of the pumping light with different performances, establishes a scheme for adjusting the beam angle of the pumping light by utilizing an atomic polarizability signal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, the beam angle of the pumping light is adjusted by utilizing the real-time response of the atomic polarizability, so that the defects of installation errors and refraction angle errors of the alkali metal gas chamber caused by the traditional mode are avoided. Meanwhile, the atomic polarizability can be improved based on the adjustment mode of the atomic polarizability, so that the measurement precision is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for adjusting the beam angle of a pumping light in situ in an atomic spin inertia measurement device according to the present invention.
The reference numbers are listed below: 1-pump laser; 2-a first beam expander; 3-a first polarization beam splitter prism; 4-a first liquid crystal phase retarder; 5-a second polarization beam splitter prism; 6-a first photodetector; 7-a second beam expander; 8-a first optical isolator; 9-1/4 wave plate; 10-depolarization beam splitter prism; 11-a first 1/2 wave plate; 12-a third polarization splitting prism; 13-a second photodetector; 14-an alkali metal gas cell; 15-a fourth polarization splitting prism; 16-a third photodetector; 17-a second liquid crystal phase retarder; 18-a fifth polarization splitting prism; 19-a second 1/2 wave plate; 20-a second optical isolator; 21-detection laser; 22-an oven; 23-a fourth photodetector; 24-a signal processor.
Detailed Description
The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings (fig. 1) and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for adjusting the beam angle of a pumping light in situ in an atomic spin inertia measurement device according to the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, the system for adjusting the beam angle of the pumping light of the atomic spin inertia measurement device in situ includes a beam expanding system disposed on the pumping light path on the left side of the alkali metal gas chamber 14 and a detection light path system disposed on the right side of the alkali metal gas chamber 14, the pumping light emitted from the beam expanding system passes through the alkali metal gas chamber 14 through a depolarization beam splitter prism 10, and the depolarization beam splitter prism 10 reflects the detection light, which forms a pair with the pumping light and passes through the alkali metal gas chamber 14, to the photodetection differential processing system, so as to implement the in situ adjustment of the beam angle of the pumping light in the beam expanding system according to the detection result of the photodetection differential processing system. The in-situ adjustment of the beam angle of the pumping light comprises the adjustment of the focal length and the position of the beam expander, and the maximum polarization rate of alkali metal atoms of the system is realized through adjustment so as to obtain the optimal beam angle of the pumping light. The photoelectric detection differential processing system obtains the information of the polarizability of the alkali metal atoms in the gas chamber by obtaining the rotation angle information of the linear polarization plane of the detection light after passing through the alkali metal gas chamber. The detection light and the pumping light directly detect the atomic polarizability in the direction of the pumping light in a correlation mode, on one hand, the polarizability can be directly measured in real time, and on the other hand, errors caused by measurement errors and indirect parameters caused by the fact that the electronic polarizability is obtained through indirect calculation by system response in the prior art are avoided.
The beam expanding system includes the first beam expander 2 of connecting pumping laser 1 through first optoisolator 8, the output side of first beam expander 2 loops through first polarization beam splitter 3, first liquid crystal phase delay 4 and second polarization beam splitter 5 and connects second beam expander 7, second beam expander 7 passes through 1/4 wave plate 9 and connects depolarization beam splitter 10, second polarization beam splitter 5 is connected through first photoelectric detector 6 first liquid crystal phase delay 4 is in order to form first steady light intensity system, through adjusting the light intensity after first steady light intensity system is come stable control to the voltage of first liquid crystal phase delay 4, first polarization beam splitter 3 with second polarization beam splitter 5 mutually perpendicular is in order to reach the extinction effect.
The detection optical path system comprises a detection laser 21, the detection laser 21 is connected with the depolarization beam splitter prism 10 sequentially through a second optical isolator 20, a second 1/2 wave plate 19, a fifth polarization beam splitter prism 18, a second liquid crystal phase retarder 17, a fourth polarization beam splitter prism 15 and an alkali metal air chamber 14, the fourth polarization beam splitter prism 15 is connected with the second liquid crystal phase retarder 17 through a third photoelectric detector 16 to form a second light intensity stabilizing system, the light intensity after passing through the second light intensity stabilizing system is stably controlled by adjusting the voltage of the second liquid crystal phase retarder 17, and the fourth polarization beam splitter prism 15 and the fifth polarization beam splitter prism 18 are perpendicular to each other to achieve an extinction effect. The photoelectric detection differential processing system comprises a differential node, wherein the output end of the differential node is connected with a signal processor 24, the first input end of the differential node is connected with the transmission side of a third polarization beam splitter prism 12 through a second photoelectric detector 13, the second input end of the differential node is connected with the reflection side of the third polarization beam splitter prism 12 through a fourth photoelectric detector 23, the input side of the third polarization beam splitter prism 12 is connected with a depolarization beam splitter prism 10 through a first 1/2 wave plate 11, and the optical axes of the third polarization beam splitter prism 12 and the fourth polarization beam splitter prism 15 are orthogonal so as to achieve an extinction effect.
The detection laser 21 generating a beam detuned from alkali metal atomsMonochromatic light, the pumping laser 1 generates a beam of monochromatic light resonating with alkali metal atoms. The alkali metal gas cell 14 is located in an oven 22, and the alkali metal gas cell 14 contains potassium, rubidium or cesium atoms and is filled with nitrogen and helium. The light intensity of the detection light passing through the alkali metal gas chamber is set as I, the refractive indexes of the left-handed circular polarized light and the right-handed circular polarized light in the polarized medium are different, and the polarized alkali metal atoms enable the polarization plane of the linearly polarized light passing through the alkali metal gas chamber to rotate the angle
Figure BDA0003783208030000051
The light intensity entering the second photodetector is I 1 And the light intensity entering the fourth photodetector is I 2 Then, then
Figure BDA0003783208030000052
Figure BDA0003783208030000053
Thereby calculating
Figure BDA0003783208030000054
Then, the alkali metal atom polarizability P is calculated by the following formula e
Figure BDA0003783208030000055
Where K is a constant coefficient.
The invention discloses a pumping light beam angle in-situ adjusting system of an atomic spin inertia measuring device, which comprises a pumping laser (1), a first beam expander (2), a first polarization splitting prism (3), a first liquid crystal phase retarder (4), a second polarization splitting prism (5), a first photoelectric detector (6), a second beam expander (7), a first optical isolator (8), a quarter-wave plate (9), a depolarization splitting prism (10), a first quarter-wave plate (11), a third polarization splitting prism (12), a second photoelectric detector (13), an alkali metal air chamber (14), a fourth polarization splitting prism (15), a third photoelectric detector (16), a second liquid crystal phase retarder (17), a fifth polarization splitting prism (18), a second half-wave plate (19), a second optical isolator (20), a detection laser (21), an oven (22), a fourth photoelectric detector (23) and a signal processor (24); a pumping laser (1) is used for generating a beam of monochromatic light which resonates with alkali metal atoms, the monochromatic light sequentially passes through a first optical isolator (8), a first beam expander (2), a first polarization beam splitter prism (3), a first liquid crystal phase retarder (4) and a second polarization beam splitter prism (5) and then is divided into two beams of light which are the same in size and orthogonal in polarization direction, and reflected light is sent to a first photoelectric detector (6) for detection; the transmitted light sequentially passes through a second beam expander (7), a quarter-wave plate (9), a depolarization beam splitter prism (10) and an alkali metal gas chamber (14); a detection laser (21) is used for generating a beam of monochromatic light detuned with an alkali metal atom, the monochromatic light is divided into two beams of light with the same size and orthogonal polarization directions after sequentially passing through a second optical isolator (20), a second half-wave plate (19), a fifth polarization beam splitter prism (18), a second liquid crystal phase retarder (17) and a fourth polarization beam splitter prism (15), and reflected light is sent to a third photoelectric detector (16) for detection; after the transmitted light sequentially passes through the alkali metal air chamber (14) and the depolarization beam splitter prism (10), the reflected light sequentially passes through the first half-wave plate (11) and the third polarization beam splitter prism (12), the transmitted light is sent to the second photoelectric detector (13), and the reflected light is sent to the fourth photoelectric detector (23); signals of the second photoelectric detector (13) and the fourth photoelectric detector (23) are subjected to difference and then sent to a signal processor (24) for an instructor to observe.
And the first optical isolator (8) and the second optical isolator (20) in the optical path adopt polarization-dependent optical isolators.
The gas chamber (14) contains potassium, rubidium or cesium atoms and is filled with nitrogen and helium.
The first polarization beam splitter prism (3), the first liquid crystal phase retarder (4) and the second polarization beam splitter prism (5) jointly form a light intensity stabilizing system, and the fifth polarization beam splitter prism (18), the second liquid crystal phase retarder (17) and the fourth polarization beam splitter prism (15) jointly form a light intensity stabilizing system. In the two light intensity stabilizing systems, the two polarization beam splitting prisms are vertically arranged to achieve the extinction effect, and the light intensity passing through the light intensity stabilizing system is stably controlled by adjusting the voltage of the liquid crystal phase delayer.
The third polarization beam splitter prism (12) and the fourth polarization beam splitter prism (15) need to be placed in an optical axis orthogonal mode, and meanwhile the first one-half wave plate is adjusted to enable a system formed by the third polarization beam splitter prism (12), the first one-half wave plate (11) and the fourth polarization beam splitter prism (15) to achieve an extinction effect.
The method for detecting the polarizability directly detects the atomic polarizability in the pumping light direction by means of the correlation of the detection laser and the pumping laser, on one hand, the polarizability can be directly measured in real time, and on the other hand, errors caused by measurement errors and indirect parameters when the electronic polarizability is obtained through indirect calculation by system response in the prior art are avoided.
Different alkali metal atom polarizabilities can be brought to different beam angles, the size of the beam angle is adjusted by replacing different focal length beam expanding lenses and adjusting the positions of the beam expanding lenses, and the maximum alkali metal atom polarizability of the system is realized by adjusting so as to obtain the optimal pumping light beam angle.
Signals of the second photoelectric detector (13) and the fourth photoelectric detector (23) are sent into a signal processor (24) after being differentiated, linear polarization plane rotation angle information of detection laser passing through the gas chamber can be obtained, and then alkali metal atom polarizability information in the gas chamber is obtained, namely:
the transmitted light intensity of the detection laser (21) after passing through the fourth polarization beam splitter prism (15) is defined as I 0 The light intensity after passing through the alkali metal air chamber (14) is I, the refractive indexes of the left-handed circularly polarized light and the right-handed circularly polarized light in the polarized medium are different, and the polarized alkali metal atoms can enable the polarized plane of the linearly polarized light after passing through the alkali metal air chamber to rotate by the angle
Figure BDA0003783208030000061
Figure BDA0003783208030000062
Wherein l is the propagation distance of the detection light in the alkali metal gas chamber (14), and r is e Is the electron radius, c is the speed of light, f is the oscillator intensity, n a Is atomic number density, D (v) is a coefficient related to the laser frequency v, the parameters are all constant values, P e For alkali metal atom polarizability, the above formula can be simplified as:
Figure BDA0003783208030000063
k is a simplified constant value coefficient. Light intensity I entering the second photodetector (13) 1 And the light intensity I entering the fourth photodetector (23) 2 Respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0003783208030000064
Figure BDA0003783208030000071
the rotation angle of the linear polarization plane can be obtained after the two are divided and processed by a signal processor (24)
Figure BDA0003783208030000072
And atomic polarizability P e . The invention starts from the general point of view, researches an in-situ adjusting system of the pumping light beam angle of the atomic spin inertia measuring device, and provides guidance and reference for the adjusting design of the pumping light beam angle of the similar atomic spin inertia/magnetic field measuring device.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. It is pointed out here that the above description is helpful for the person skilled in the art to understand the invention, but does not limit the scope of protection of the invention. Any such equivalents, modifications and/or omissions as may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention may be resorted to.

Claims (10)

1. The system is characterized by comprising a beam expanding system arranged on a pumping light path on the left side of an alkali metal air chamber and a detection light path system arranged on the right side of the alkali metal air chamber, wherein pumping light emitted by the beam expanding system passes through the alkali metal air chamber through a depolarization beam splitter prism, and the depolarization beam splitter prism reflects detection light which forms a pair with the pumping light and penetrates through the alkali metal air chamber to a photoelectric detection differential processing system so as to realize in-situ adjustment of a pumping light beam angle in the beam expanding system according to a detection result of the photoelectric detection differential processing system.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the in-situ adjustment of the beam angle of the pump light comprises adjusting a focal length and a position of a beam expander lens to maximize the alkali metal atomic polarizability of the system by the adjustment, thereby obtaining an optimal beam angle of the pump light.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the photodetection differential processing system obtains information on the polarization rate of the alkali metal atoms in the gas chamber by obtaining information on the rotation angle of the linear polarization plane of the detection light after passing through the alkali metal gas chamber.
4. The system for in-situ adjustment of beam angle of pumping light of atomic spin inertia measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the detection light and the pumping light are directly detected in a correlation manner for atomic polarizability in the direction of the pumping light, so that on one hand, the polarizability can be directly measured in real time, and on the other hand, errors caused by measurement errors and indirect parameters when the polarizability of electrons is obtained by indirect solution using system response are avoided.
5. The system for in-situ adjustment of beam angle of pump light of atomic spin inertia measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the beam expanding system includes a first beam expander connected to the pump laser via a first optical isolator, an output side of the first beam expander is connected to a second beam expander via a first polarization beam splitter, a first liquid crystal phase retarder and a second polarization beam splitter in sequence, the second beam expander is connected to the depolarization beam splitter via a 1/4 wave plate, the second polarization beam splitter is connected to the first liquid crystal phase retarder via a first photodetector to form a first light intensity stabilizing system, the light intensity after passing through the first light intensity stabilizing system is stably controlled by adjusting the voltage of the first liquid crystal phase retarder, and the first polarization beam splitter and the second polarization beam splitter are perpendicular to each other to achieve the extinction effect.
6. The system for in-situ adjustment of beam angle of pumping light of atomic spin inertia measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the detection optical path system includes a detection laser, the detection laser is connected to the depolarization beam splitter prism through a second optical isolator, a second 1/2 wave plate, a fifth polarization beam splitter prism, a second liquid crystal phase retarder, a fourth polarization beam splitter prism and an alkali metal gas chamber in sequence, the fourth polarization beam splitter prism is connected to the second liquid crystal phase retarder through a third photodetector to form a second stable light intensity system, the light intensity after passing through the second stable light intensity system is stably controlled by adjusting the voltage of the second liquid crystal phase retarder, and the fourth polarization beam splitter prism and the fifth polarization beam splitter prism are perpendicular to each other to achieve the extinction effect.
7. The system for in-situ adjustment of the beam angle of pump light of an atomic spin inertia measurement device according to claim 6, wherein the photodetection differential processing system comprises a differential node, an output end of the differential node is connected to the signal processor, a first input end of the differential node is connected to a transmission side of a third polarization beam splitter prism through a second photodetector, a second input end of the differential node is connected to a reflection side of the third polarization beam splitter prism through a fourth photodetector, an input side of the third polarization beam splitter prism is connected to the depolarization beam splitter prism through a first 1/2 wave plate, and an optical axis of the third polarization beam splitter prism is orthogonal to an optical axis of the fourth polarization beam splitter prism to achieve a light extinction effect.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the detection laser generates a monochromatic beam detuned from the alkali metal atoms, and the pump laser generates a monochromatic beam resonating with the alkali metal atoms.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the alkali metal gas cell is located in an oven, and the alkali metal gas cell contains atoms of potassium, rubidium or cesium, and is filled with nitrogen gas and helium gas.
10. The system of claim 7, wherein the light intensity of the detection light passing through the alkali metal gas cell is I, the refractive indices of the left-handed circularly polarized light and the right-handed circularly polarized light in the polarization medium are different, and the polarized alkali metal atom can make the rotation angle of the polarization plane of the linearly polarized light passing through the alkali metal gas cell
Figure FDA0003783208020000021
The light intensity entering the second photodetector is I 1 And the light intensity entering the fourth photodetector is I 2 Then, then
Figure FDA0003783208020000022
Figure FDA0003783208020000023
Thereby calculating
Figure FDA0003783208020000024
Then calculating the polarizability P of the alkali metal atom by the following formula e
Figure FDA0003783208020000025
Wherein K is a constant coefficient.
CN202210936018.7A 2022-08-05 2022-08-05 Atomic spin inertia measurement device pumping light beam angle in-situ adjusting system Pending CN115950411A (en)

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