CN115949531A - Injector with wide range and continuous adjustment - Google Patents
Injector with wide range and continuous adjustment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115949531A CN115949531A CN202310219493.7A CN202310219493A CN115949531A CN 115949531 A CN115949531 A CN 115949531A CN 202310219493 A CN202310219493 A CN 202310219493A CN 115949531 A CN115949531 A CN 115949531A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of combustion and ignition, and discloses a wide-range continuously adjustable injector. An injector top cover and an injector base of the wide-range continuously adjustable injector are enclosed to form a closed cavity, a nozzle mounting plate and an overflow cavity partition plate are welded in an inner cavity of the injector base, and the cavity is sequentially divided into a gas cavity, an overflow cavity and a fuel cavity from top to bottom; the top cover of the injector is provided with a gas inlet; the injector base is provided with a fuel inlet and an overflow outlet; a fuel nozzle is welded in the center of the nozzle mounting plate, and a gas nozzle is sleeved in the center of the fuel nozzle; the upper section of the fuel nozzle is provided with a fuel overflow tangential hole; the middle section of the fuel nozzle is provided with a fuel inlet tangential hole; the inlet of the gas nozzle extends into the gas cavity, and the outlet of the gas nozzle is positioned below the middle section of the fuel nozzle and the tangential hole of the fuel inlet. The gas-liquid coaxial centrifugal injection structure with the overflow hole is adopted, wide-range continuous adjustment of injection flow is achieved, the atomization effect is good, and the injection flow adjustment range is large.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of combustion and ignition, and particularly relates to a wide-range continuously adjustable injector.
Background
The fuel gas generator is a key part of equipment such as a hypersonic propulsion wind tunnel, a rocket-based combined cycle (RBCC) engine and the like. In a hypersonic propulsion wind tunnel, a gas generator generates high-temperature and high-pressure test gas through combustion heating; in the RBCC engine, a fuel gas generator is used as an ejector rocket and is a main power device for generating thrust in an ejector mode and a pure rocket mode.
The continuous variable Mach number is a development direction of the hypersonic propulsion wind tunnel, and the simulated Mach number, the total temperature and the total pressure need to be continuously changed in the test process, so that the working parameters of the gas generator need to be continuously adjustable in the test process. In the process from take-off to orbit of the aircraft, the RBCC engine has different power requirements on the ejection rocket in different working modes. In a low-speed takeoff stage, the ejector rocket needs to work in a high-chamber and high-flow state to generate enough thrust and ejector flow; after the transition to the stamping mode, the flow of the ejection rocket needs to be gradually reduced until the fuel gas generator is closed; the ejector rocket needs to work again after the pure rocket is in a mode, the working condition of the ejector rocket changes greatly in the whole process, and therefore the ejector rocket also needs to be adjustable in a wide working condition range.
Gas-liquid combustion is a common combustion organization mode of a gas generator, and one of key problems of the gas-liquid combustion is atomization of liquid fuel. Pintle nozzles and gas-liquid coaxial swirler are two common injection structures for gas generators.
The working range of the injector directly determines the working condition adjusting range of the gas generator, and the injector can well mix and atomize fuel and oxidant only when the flow rates of the fuel and the oxidant change, so that the gas generator can be normally ignited and work, and therefore the realization of the wide-range adjustment of the flow rate of the injector is the key for developing an adjustable gas generator. For liquid fuel, injection flow
And a jet pressure drop->
There is the following relationship between:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the liquid fuel density, is selected>
Is a nozzle flow coefficient->
Is the liquid fuel passage area.
The jet flow is proportional to the square of the jet pressure drop, so the jet flow increases by a factor of 2 and the jet pressure drop increases by a factor of 4, which directly affects the atomization of the liquid fuel. If the injection pressure drop at small flow is kept in a proper range, the requirement on the pressure before fuel injection at large flow is too high to be realized; if the requirement of injection pressure drop in large flow is met, the injection pressure drop in small flow is too low, so that atomization is poor, ignition is difficult, and stable operation is difficult, therefore, the working condition adjusting range of the conventional gas generator is usually small, and the requirements of a continuous variable Mach number wind tunnel and an RBCC engine cannot be met.
In order to achieve a wide variation in injection flow while maintaining the injection pressure drop within the desired range, a variable area pintle nozzle is one solution. The nozzle center of the area-variable pintle nozzle is a pintle, and fuel injection holes are distributed on the pintle. The injector has the advantages that fuel can not be injected when the injection holes in the pintle are covered by the wall surface of the injector, and only the injection holes of the pintle exposed outside the wall surface of the injector are effective injection areas, so that the operating principle of the injector is that the pintle is driven by the movement mechanism to move back and forth to adjust the size of the effective injection areas so as to ensure the constancy of fuel injection pressure drop, and the injector is applied to a variable thrust liquid rocket engine.
However, the poor atomization is a natural drawback of variable area pintle nozzles, which have a much lower atomization level than gas-liquid coaxial centrifugal nozzles. Secondly, the variable-area pintle injector usually has only one nozzle, otherwise, the synchronization and consistency of the simultaneous adjustment of the injection areas by the multiple nozzles are difficult to ensure, which results in poorer atomization effect when the flow of the gas generator is larger, and further reduction of ignition stability and combustion efficiency of the gas generator. Thirdly, the pintle head of the pintle nozzle protrudes outside the injector and is exposed to high-temperature gas, the heat protection design is very difficult, ablation is easy to occur, and the long-term stable operation of the pintle injector is a great problem.
Currently, there is a need to develop a wide range of injectors that are continuously adjustable.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a wide-range continuously adjustable injector, which solves the practical requirements of a variable Mach number wind tunnel and a RBCC engine on a wide-range adjustable gas generator.
The wide-range continuously adjustable injector is characterized by comprising an injector top cover and an injector base which are sequentially connected from top to bottom through a bolt component of a flange plate; the inner cavity of the injector top cover and the inner cavity of the injector base jointly enclose a closed cavity, a nozzle mounting plate and an overflow cavity partition plate are sequentially welded in the inner cavity of the injector base from top to bottom, and the cavity is sequentially divided into a gas cavity, an overflow cavity and a fuel cavity from top to bottom by the nozzle mounting plate and the overflow cavity partition plate; a gas inlet is formed in the top cover of the injector and is communicated with the gas cavity; a gas pressure measuring interface for measuring the pressure of the gas cavity is also arranged on the injector top cover; a fuel inlet is formed in the injector base and is communicated with the fuel cavity; the injector base is also provided with a fuel cavity pressure measuring interface for measuring the pressure of the fuel cavity and an overflow cavity pressure measuring interface for measuring the pressure of the overflow cavity; an overflow outlet is also formed in the injector base and is communicated with the overflow cavity;
the center of the nozzle mounting plate is welded with a vertically downward fuel nozzle, and the center of the fuel nozzle is sleeved with a gas nozzle through threaded connection; the upper section of the fuel nozzle is provided with a plurality of fuel overflow tangential holes along the circumferential direction, and the fuel overflow tangential holes are communicated with the overflow cavity; the middle section of the fuel nozzle is provided with a plurality of fuel inlet tangential holes along the circumferential direction, and the fuel inlet tangential holes are communicated with the fuel cavity; the inlet of the gas nozzle extends into the gas cavity, and the outlet of the gas nozzle is positioned below the middle section of the fuel nozzle and the tangential hole of the fuel inlet;
the gas oxidant enters the gas cavity from the gas inlet and enters the lower section of the fuel nozzle through the central channel of the gas nozzle; the liquid fuel enters the fuel cavity from the fuel inlet and enters the fuel nozzle through the tangential hole of the fuel inlet to be divided into two parts, the first part of the liquid fuel participates in combustion, and the second part of the liquid fuel does not participate in combustion; the first part of liquid fuel forms a rotary conical liquid film in the fuel nozzle, the conical liquid film and a gas oxidant are mixed and sheared at the lower section of the fuel nozzle, the conical liquid film is broken into liquid filaments, and finally atomized into liquid drops to participate in the combustion of the fuel generator; the second part of liquid fuel enters the overflow cavity from the fuel overflow tangential hole and flows out of the injector from the overflow outlet without participating in combustion;
the liquid fuel injection pressure drop range of the wide-range continuously adjustable injector is 1MPa to 3MPa;
when the fuel flow rate participating in combustion of the wide-range continuously adjustable injector is changed, the injection pressure drop is kept unchanged by adjusting the fuel overflow flow rate, and the atomization effect is ensured.
Further, the fuel flow regulation ratio is not lower than 10.
Further, the injector top cover and the injector base are connected through bolts and sealed through copper gaskets.
Furthermore, the nozzle mounting plate and the overflow cavity partition plate are welded on the injector base in a welding mode, the gas nozzle and the fuel nozzle are sealed through a red copper gasket, and the gas cavity, the overflow cavity and the fuel cavity are isolated from each other.
The nozzle mounting plate and the overflow cavity partition plate of the wide-range continuously adjustable injector are connected in a welding mode, so that the gas cavity, the overflow cavity and the fuel cavity can be isolated from each other and are not leaked.
When the wide-range continuously adjustable injector of the invention is used for adjusting the liquid fuel flow, the liquid fuel flow entering the fuel cavity is kept unchanged, and the flow change is realized by adjusting the overflow flow. The total flow into the fuel chamber is constant, so the injection pressure drop of the liquid fuel is kept constant; the diameter of the outlet of the fuel nozzle, the diameter of the tangential hole of the fuel inlet and the diameter of the tangential hole of the fuel overflow are determined according to the flow of the liquid fuel, so that the injection pressure drop of the liquid fuel is kept between 1MPa and 3MPa, and the good atomization of the liquid fuel can be ensured all the time when the injection flow changes.
The wide range continuously adjustable injector of the present invention has the following features:
1. an overflow channel is added on the traditional gas-liquid coaxial centrifugal injector, so that the injection pressure drop is unchanged under the condition of wide-range regulation of the flow, and the atomization effect is good;
2. the range of injection flow regulation can reach 10 or even higher.
The wide-range continuously adjustable injector is an adjustable injector with an overflow channel, adopts a gas-liquid coaxial centrifugal injection structure with an overflow hole, divides the fuel flow into an overflow part and an injection part, and keeps the injection pressure drop unchanged by adjusting the overflow flow when the injection flow changes, thereby ensuring better atomization effect and realizing wide-range continuous adjustment of the injection flow.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a wide range of continuously adjustable injectors of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a nozzle in the wide range of continuously adjustable injectors of the present invention.
In the drawings, 1. An injector cap; 2. an injector base; 3. a fuel inlet; 4. an overflow chamber partition; 5. a fuel nozzle; 6. a nozzle mounting plate; 7. a gas nozzle; 8. a fuel chamber pressure measurement interface; 9. a gas inlet; 10. a gas pressure measurement interface; 11. a fuel inlet tangential bore; 12. a fuel overflow tangential aperture; 13. a fuel chamber; 14. a gas chamber; 15. an overflow chamber; 16. and the pressure measuring interface of the overflow cavity.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the wide range of continuously adjustable injectors of the present embodiment comprises an injector top cap 1 and an injector base 2 sequentially connected from top to bottom by a bolt assembly of a flange; the inner cavity of the injector top cover 1 and the inner cavity of the injector base 2 enclose together to form a closed cavity, the nozzle mounting plate 6 and the overflow cavity partition plate 4 are welded in sequence in the inner cavity of the injector base 2 from top to bottom, and the cavity is sequentially divided into a gas cavity 14, an overflow cavity 15 and a fuel cavity 13 from top to bottom by the nozzle mounting plate 6 and the overflow cavity partition plate 4; a gas inlet 9 is formed in the injector top cover 1, and the gas inlet 9 is communicated with a gas cavity 14; a gas pressure measuring interface 10 for measuring the pressure of a gas cavity 14 is also arranged on the injector top cover 1; a fuel inlet 3 is formed in the injector base 2, and the fuel inlet 3 is communicated with a fuel cavity 13; a fuel cavity pressure measuring interface 8 for measuring the pressure of the fuel cavity 13 and an overflow cavity pressure measuring interface 16 for measuring the pressure of the overflow cavity 15 are also arranged on the injector base 2; an overflow outlet is also formed in the injector base 2 and is communicated with the overflow cavity 15;
as shown in fig. 2, a fuel nozzle 5 is welded vertically downwards at the center of a nozzle mounting plate 6, and a gas nozzle 7 is sleeved at the center of the fuel nozzle 5 through threaded connection; the upper section of the fuel nozzle 5 is provided with a plurality of fuel overflow tangential holes 12 along the circumferential direction, and the fuel overflow tangential holes 12 are communicated with an overflow cavity 15; the middle section of the fuel nozzle 5 is provided with a plurality of fuel inlet tangential holes 11 along the circumferential direction, and the fuel inlet tangential holes 11 are communicated with a fuel cavity 13; the inlet of the gas nozzle 7 extends into the gas cavity 14, and the outlet of the gas nozzle 7 is positioned at the middle section of the fuel nozzle 5 and below the tangential hole 11 of the fuel inlet;
the gas oxidant enters the gas chamber 14 from the gas inlet 9 and enters the lower section of the fuel nozzle 5 through the central passage of the gas nozzle 7; the liquid fuel enters the fuel cavity 13 from the fuel inlet 3, enters the fuel nozzle 5 through the fuel inlet tangential hole 11 and then is divided into two parts, the first part of the liquid fuel participates in combustion, and the second part of the liquid fuel does not participate in combustion; the first part of liquid fuel forms a rotary conical liquid film in the fuel nozzle 5, the conical liquid film and a gas oxidant are mixed and sheared at the lower section of the fuel nozzle 5, the conical liquid film is broken into liquid filaments, and finally atomized into liquid drops to participate in the combustion of the gas generator; a second part of liquid fuel enters the overflow cavity 15 from the fuel overflow tangential hole 12 and flows out of the injector from the overflow outlet without participating in combustion;
the liquid fuel injection pressure drop range of the wide-range continuously adjustable injector is 1MPa to 3MPa;
when the fuel flow rate participating in combustion of the wide-range continuously adjustable injector is changed, the injection pressure drop is kept unchanged by adjusting the fuel overflow flow rate, and the atomization effect is ensured.
Further, the fuel flow regulation ratio is not lower than 10.
Further, the injector top cover 1 and the injector base 2 are connected through bolts and sealed through copper gaskets.
Further, the nozzle mounting plate 6 and the overflow cavity partition plate 4 are welded on the injector base 2 in a welding mode, and the gas nozzle 7 and the fuel nozzle 5 are sealed through a red copper gasket, so that the gas cavity 14, the overflow cavity 15 and the fuel cavity 13 are isolated from each other.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, but it can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications and refinements will readily occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.
Claims (4)
1. The wide-range continuously adjustable injector is characterized by comprising an injector top cover (1) and an injector base (2) which are sequentially connected from top to bottom through a bolt assembly of a flange plate; the inner cavity of the injector top cover (1) and the inner cavity of the injector base (2) jointly enclose to form a closed cavity, a nozzle mounting plate (6) and an overflow cavity partition plate (4) are sequentially welded in the inner cavity of the injector base (2) from top to bottom, and the cavity is sequentially divided into a gas cavity (14), an overflow cavity (15) and a fuel cavity (13) from top to bottom by the nozzle mounting plate (6) and the overflow cavity partition plate (4); a gas inlet (9) is formed in the top cover (1) of the injector, and the gas inlet (9) is communicated with the gas cavity (14); a gas pressure measuring interface (10) for measuring the pressure of the gas cavity (14) is also arranged on the injector top cover (1); a fuel inlet (3) is formed in the injector base (2), and the fuel inlet (3) is communicated with the fuel cavity (13); a fuel cavity pressure measuring interface (8) for measuring the pressure of the fuel cavity (13) and an overflow cavity pressure measuring interface (16) for measuring the pressure of the overflow cavity (15) are also arranged on the injector base (2); an overflow outlet is also formed in the injector base (2) and is communicated with the overflow cavity (15);
a fuel nozzle (5) which is vertically downward is welded at the center of the nozzle mounting plate (6), and a gas nozzle (7) is sleeved at the center of the fuel nozzle (5) through threaded connection; the upper section of the fuel nozzle (5) is provided with a plurality of fuel overflow tangential holes (12) along the circumferential direction, and the fuel overflow tangential holes (12) are communicated with an overflow cavity (15); the middle section of the fuel nozzle (5) is provided with a plurality of fuel inlet tangential holes (11) along the circumferential direction, and the fuel inlet tangential holes (11) are communicated with the fuel cavity (13); the inlet of the gas nozzle (7) extends into the gas cavity (14), and the outlet of the gas nozzle (7) is positioned below the tangential hole (11) of the fuel inlet and the middle section of the fuel nozzle (5);
the gas oxidant enters a gas cavity (14) from a gas inlet (9) and enters the lower section of the fuel nozzle (5) through a central channel of the gas nozzle (7); liquid fuel enters a fuel cavity (13) from a fuel inlet (3), enters a fuel nozzle (5) through a fuel inlet tangential hole (11) and then is divided into two parts, wherein the first part of liquid fuel participates in combustion, and the second part of liquid fuel does not participate in combustion; the first part of liquid fuel forms a rotary conical liquid film in the fuel nozzle (5), the conical liquid film and a gas oxidant are mixed and sheared at the lower section of the fuel nozzle (5), the conical liquid film is broken into liquid filaments, and finally atomized into liquid drops to participate in the combustion of the fuel generator; a second part of liquid fuel enters the overflow cavity (15) from the fuel overflow tangential hole (12) and flows out of the injector from the overflow outlet without participating in combustion;
the liquid fuel injection pressure drop range of the wide-range continuously adjustable injector is 1MPa to 3MPa;
when the fuel flow rate participating in combustion changes, the wide-range continuously adjustable injector keeps the injection pressure drop unchanged by adjusting the fuel overflow flow rate, and the atomization effect is ensured.
2. The wide range continuously adjustable injector of claim 1, wherein said fuel flow adjustment ratio is no less than 10.
3. The wide range continuously adjustable injector according to claim 1, characterized in that said injector top (1) and injector base (2) are bolted and sealed by copper gaskets.
4. The wide-range continuously adjustable injector according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle mounting plate (6) and the overflow cavity partition plate (4) are welded to the injector base (2) by welding, and the gas nozzle (7) and the fuel nozzle (5) are sealed by a red copper gasket, so that the gas cavity (14), the overflow cavity (15) and the fuel cavity (13) are isolated from each other.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310219493.7A CN115949531B (en) | 2023-03-09 | 2023-03-09 | Wide range continuous adjustable injector |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310219493.7A CN115949531B (en) | 2023-03-09 | 2023-03-09 | Wide range continuous adjustable injector |
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| CN115949531A true CN115949531A (en) | 2023-04-11 |
| CN115949531B CN115949531B (en) | 2023-05-09 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118089057A (en) * | 2024-04-28 | 2024-05-28 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Gas-liquid coaxial nozzle capable of being conveniently disassembled and assembled |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118089057A (en) * | 2024-04-28 | 2024-05-28 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Gas-liquid coaxial nozzle capable of being conveniently disassembled and assembled |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN115949531B (en) | 2023-05-09 |
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