CN1159470C - Ultrahigh carbon steel base material with superplasticity, its production method and application - Google Patents
Ultrahigh carbon steel base material with superplasticity, its production method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN1159470C CN1159470C CNB011269529A CN01126952A CN1159470C CN 1159470 C CN1159470 C CN 1159470C CN B011269529 A CNB011269529 A CN B011269529A CN 01126952 A CN01126952 A CN 01126952A CN 1159470 C CN1159470 C CN 1159470C
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- carbon steel
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Abstract
The present invention discloses ultrahigh-carbon steel base material and a preparing method thereof. The base material has the microstructure which has no grain boundary carbide networks and has uniform pearlites in the shape of an equiaxed crystal. The size of a pearlite colony is smaller than 10 micrometers, and the distances among pearlite pieces are smaller than 1 micrometer. Proper alloy compositions, such as C, Si, Cr, Mn and Fe, are selected for preparing the base material. Novel technology with a solidifying process fundamentally different from that of the traditional technology is adopted, for example, jet molding technology is adopted to directly obtain the ultrahigh-carbon steel base material with super plasticity. The base material of the present invention can obtain favorable super plasticity without needing the traditional super plastic treatment technology, so that the ultrahigh-carbon steel base material has a wide prospect of industrial application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrahigh carbon steel base material and preparation method thereof, particularly have good superplastic ultrahigh carbon steel base material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
(carbon content 1～2.1wt%) was once poor because of temperature-room type plasticity in history, shaped difficulty and by being got rid of outside practical engineering materials for a long time for superhigh carbon steel.But since the seventies in 20th century, found after organizing abundant refinement that superhigh carbon steel can have the good mechanical properties that high strength combines with certain toughness plasticity; What especially cause extensive attention is, superhigh carbon steel also can have superplasticity (promptly stretch percentage elongation surpasses 100%) under certain condition, and this has widened its application prospect greatly.
The superplasticity of superhigh carbon steel is at first succeeded in developing by Sherby.(Acta Metall., 1975, V9, No5, pp569-574.) carbon content of used steel is 1.3,1.6,1.9wt%.
Adopted following technological process for obtaining superplasticity:
-with ingot casting in 1150 ℃ of solution treatment 1.5 hours.Purpose is that carbide is fully dissolved;
-Kun rolls to 600 ℃ continuously in process of cooling, and every time true strain amount is 0.15, through the 10-15 passage.Purpose is to smash secondary cementite;
-550-650 ℃ of ausrolling, every time true strain amount 0.1 is rolled the 10-15 passage.Purpose is to smash perlite, forms the tissue of desired tiny carbide particle of superplasticity and equiaxed ferritic grain even dispersion.
After this, Sherby is obtaining a collection of patent aspect alloying constituent and the technological process improving, and has established his leading position in superhigh carbon steel superplasticity field.Most important and the most representative patent of this respect has:
-United States Patent (USP): 3951697, (1976);
-United States Patent (USP): 4448613, (1984);
-United States Patent (USP): 4533390, (1985);
-United States Patent (USP): 4769214, (1988);
-United States Patent (USP): 5445685, (1995).
In his patent; Sherby emphasizes again and again and points out as the claimed invention right: superhigh carbon steel will obtain constant temperature superplasticity (being different from transformation superplasticity); must mould processing through surpassing; promptly by various mechanical treatments; thermal treatment and hot mechanical treatment make superhigh carbon steel form the microstructure with following feature: carbide spheroidization is the fine particle below 1 micron, is uniformly distributed in 5 microns with on the aplitic ferrite matrix of inferior axle.Sherby emphasizes in the patent of recent (nineteen ninety-five): realize the superplasticity of superhigh carbon steel, it is indispensable that two technological processs are arranged.The first, process the more uniform pearlitic structure that obtains to have eliminated thick carbide by elevated temperature heat such as hot rollings; The second, by the thermal treatment of warm-rolling or the whole bag of tricks, be cementite and the tiny spherodized structure of ferrite biphase with the structural transformation of above-mentioned perlite sheet.Sherby thinks that spherodized structure must account for more than 70%, just has superplasticity.
Drawback when the complicacy of above-mentioned technological process and serious consumption energy consumption thereof has hindered the superplastic practical application of superhigh carbon steel.
The basic reason of these drawbacks is that the process of setting of conventional cast technology under high-carbon content is difficult to avoid the formation of thick carbide, therefore, its as-cast structure has just comprised the factor totally unfavorable to superplasticity, and the process means of highly energy-consuming is overcome so that have to adopt various complexity under solid conditions.Have only the novel process that adopts process of setting and traditional technology that fundamental difference is arranged, avoid being unfavorable for superplastic factor, just be hopeful to find and obtain the superplastic low cost of superhigh carbon steel and high efficiency new way from original solidified structure.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to obtain a kind of ultrahigh carbon steel base material, this base material need can not have good superplasticity through traditional super treatment process of moulding, that is to say to have from super plasticizing characteristic, thus the superhigh carbon steel that can be had wide application prospects cheaply.
The present invention selects suitable alloying constituent, and adopts process of setting and traditional technology that the novel process of fundamental difference is arranged, and for example adopts spray deposition processing, directly obtains having superplastic ultrahigh carbon steel base material.
The described superplastic ultrahigh carbon steel base material that has of the present invention has avoided that the superhigh carbon steel of existing complexity is super moulds the treatment process process, has widened the actual application prospect of superhigh carbon steel greatly.
The invention provides a kind of superplastic ultrahigh carbon steel base material that has, the alloying constituent of this base material is (following being weight percentage):
C:1.0～1.8; To get 1.2～1.5 is the best,
Si:0.5～3.5; To get 2～3 is the best,
Cr:0.5～2.0; To get 1～2 is the best,
Mn:0.2～0.7; To get 0.3～0.7 is the best,
Fe: surplus.
Wherein, to the foreign matter content restriction of Fe, only require the general standard that reaches industrial carbon steel.
The microstructure of this base material is:
No grain boundary carbide network, the even perlite of equiax crystal shape, its pearlite colony size is below 10 microns, and perlite sheet spacing is below 1 micron.
The present invention gives a kind of low cost, obtains to have the novel method of superplastic ultrahigh carbon steel base material expeditiously, and this method is:
I. at first choose suitable mother alloy, except that C and Fe, comprise Si at least, Cr, Mn
In two kinds of compositions, its weight percent is:
C： 1.0～1.8
Si： 0.5～3.5
Cr：：0.5～2.0
Mn： 0.2～0.7
Fe: surplus;
Ii. the mother alloy material is put into the induction furnace internal heating, make it fusing;
Iii. keep for some time being higher than under 150～250 ℃ of temperature of fusing point, the temperature that makes melt with become
Divide and reach even;
Iv. use high pressure nitrogen to melt jet, make melt be atomized into fine drop, fine drop flight
And be deposited on the collection substrate, cooled and solidified also forms block, thereby obtains superhigh carbon steel
Base material.
The present invention selects the principle of alloying constituent to be:
A. can suppress crystal boundary proeutectoid carbide network in the reaction-injection moulding process forms;
B. helping reaction-injection moulding formation is the microstructure of feature with fine and closely woven perlite;
C. has the effect that under certain temperature and texturizing condition, promotes pearlitic spheroidization;
D. has the effect that stops the carbide particle alligatoring;
E. the eutectoid transformation temperature is expanded to the temperature range of broad;
F. prevent from the superplastic deformation process, greying to take place;
G. keep the cheap characteristics of the low-alloy superhigh carbon steel prices of raw and semifnished materials.
Meet one of alloy series of mentioned above principle:
C： 1.0～1.8；
Si:0.5～3.5 (suppress the grain boundary carbide network, A1 is expanded to temperature range);
Cr:0.5～2.0 (suppress the greying tendency of Si, promote pearlitic spheroidization, delay microstructure coarsening);
Mn:0.2～0.7 (preventing the influence of hazardous trace elements such as S in the starting material);
Surplus Fe.
The preparation method that the present invention adopts can be will be through the traditional technology of multiple working procedure, for example: casting, and---multi-pass high temperature forging---high temperature solid solution---quenches or is as cold as perlite formation temperature (back two procedures usually will repeatedly several times) soon; Also can adopt spray deposition processing.
Spray deposition processing has the rapid solidification characteristics, can avoid segregation, obtains the tissue of even refinement, and resulting material need not any thermal treatment or mechanical treatment, can obtain unit elongation at a certain temperature in the superplasticity more than 150%.
The present invention adopts the metallurgical technology of reaction-injection moulding once directly to obtain described ultrahigh carbon steel base material, and this raises the efficiency for reducing cost, and realizes that industrialization is vital.
The present invention has superplastic ultrahigh carbon steel base material can carry out superplastic deformation under certain process conditions, its processing step comprises, ultrahigh carbon steel base material is heated to eutectoid transformation begins below the temperature 50 ℃ to 50 ℃ temperature range more than the eutectoid transformation end temp; Under a certain temperature base material is out of shape in the said temperature interval then, rate of deformation is: 1 * 10
-4/ s～8 * 10
-4/ s and 4 * 10
-3/ s～1 * 10
-2/ s.
And described ultrahigh carbon steel base material Heating temperature scope is preferably in the eutectoid transformation temperature range, and ultrahigh carbon steel base material can obtain maximum unit elongation.
Describedly be deformed into tensile deformation.
Ultrahigh carbon steel base material of the present invention carries out the principle of superplastic deformation, through organizing testing identity: microstructure can take place towards the transformation that helps the superplasticity direction in its metal construction voluntarily in the deformation process of certain temperature and given pace, promptly change the equant grains shape into by sheet.Wherein contained alloying constituent has played promoter action.This structural transformation provides the unit elongation of further superplastic deformation.So mutually promote, reach high breaking elongation.
Above-mentioned superplastic deformation principle makes that the superplasticity of this material not only can be under low rate of deformation (～10
-4/ S) obtain, and can be at deformation speed (～10
-2/ S) obtain down.This is because fragmentation and the nodularization that suitable high strain rate helps organizing is equivalent to apply mechanical thermal treatment.This is one of characteristics of the tool practicality of the present invention.
Above-mentioned superplastic deformation principle makes this material superplasticity to obtain in a sizable temperature range.Under certain alloy element action, eutectoid temperature A
1Being expanded is a temperature range (this temperature range in for ferrite+cementite+austenite triple-phase region), this humidity province with in about 50 ℃ and the following about 50 ℃ of whole temperature ranges that constituted superplasticity is arranged all more than it.Temperature range can widely reach more than 150 ℃, and this brings convenience to practical application.
Should be noted that: among the present invention because the adding of ternary alloy element makes the single eutectoid transformation temperature in the Fe-C two component system expand to a temperature range, to the superhigh carbon steel of perlite state without super mould to handle show that directly superplasticity has crucial meaning.This be because, in this temperature range perlite generation part sex reversal, thus easier fragmentation in deformation process, refinement and nodularization; And formed ferrite+cementite+austenite three-phase contexture also has the ability of stronger resisted organize alligatoring, thereby can obtain superplastic optimum value.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the microstructure stereoscan photograph of the ultrahigh carbon steel base material of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the microstructure in the ultrahigh carbon steel base material tensile deformation after strain district of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the microstructure of distorted area not after the ultrahigh carbon steel base material tensile deformation of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Embodiment
In order to obtain a kind of superplastic ultrahigh carbon steel base material that has, at first choose suitable mother alloy, except that C and Fe, comprise Si at least, Cr, two kinds of compositions among the Mn, its weight percent is:
C： 1.0～1.8；
Si：0.5～3.5；
Cr：0.5～2.0；
Mn：0.2～0.7；
Fe: surplus;
Adopt the metallurgical technology of reaction-injection moulding to obtain ultrahigh carbon steel base material then.Consider following factor when selecting alloying constituent:
A) suppressing crystal boundary proeutectoid carbide network in the reaction-injection moulding process forms;
Select non-carbide forming element, as Si, Al etc., brilliant in the existence obstruction of crystal boundary
Boundary's carbide forms;
B) helping reaction-injection moulding formation is the microstructure of feature with fine and closely woven perlite;
C) but select the pinning crystal boundary, hinder the element that austenite crystal is grown up, as Al, Ti, Si etc.;
D) has the effect that under certain temperature and texturizing condition, promotes pearlitic spheroidization;
Selection can increase the element of surface energy between carbide and iron-based body, as Cr, and Mn etc.;
E) alligatoring of carbide particle in the obstruction superplastic deformation process;
Selection can reduce carbon in the iron-based body diffusibility and help carbide stable
The strong carbide forming element, as Cr, V, Mo etc.;
F) selection expands to the eutectoid transformation temperature temperature range element of broad; As Si, Al etc.;
G) prevent from the superplastic deformation process, greying to take place;
Selection has the element of strong obstruction graphitizing; As Cr, Mo, V etc.;
H) keep the cheap characteristics of the low-alloy superhigh carbon steel prices of raw and semifnished materials; Institute adds alloy and is not more than
2wt％.
Embodiment 1:
Ultrahigh carbon steel base material mother alloy composition (chemical analysis results): the surplus Fe of 1.22C-2.98Si-1.47Cr-0.66Mn-(wt%).
Preparation process is at first making the superhigh carbon steel mother alloy by common technology in advance by required composition, utilize spray deposition processing to obtain ultrahigh carbon steel base material then: the superhigh carbon steel mother alloy is put into the medium-frequency induction furnace heating, make it fusing, under the temperature that is higher than 150～250 ℃ of fusing points, keep for some time (about 7 minutes), the temperature of melt and composition are arrived evenly.Make melt pass through the catheter smooth outflow then, with the atomizer nozzle of high pressure (about 2Mpa) nitrogen (purity is higher than 99.8%) by being placed in catheter below to melt jet, make it to be atomized into fine drop, the flight of the small droplets of these fragmentations also is deposited on and collects on the base (base is copper right cylinder), finishes to solidify and form block.Gas is about 0.3m with the flow rate ratio of metal melt in the course of injection
3/ Kg; Nozzle is 340～400mm to the distance of collecting base.
The microstructure of the ultrahigh carbon steel base material that this reaction-injection moulding obtains as shown in Figure 1, the carbides-free network is evenly fine and closely woven pearlitic structure.
Its eutectoid transformation temperature A
1Be an interval, it is 808-848 ℃ that heat analysis draws temperature range.
The ultrahigh carbon steel base material that present embodiment obtained is carried out Elongation test, and its low rate of deformation and deformation speed reach (A under the differing temps down
1In the district, A
1More than, A
1Below) the superplastic deformation unit elongation see Table 1:
The stretch percentage elongation (%) of table 1 reaction-injection moulding ultrahigh carbon steel base material
| Rate of deformation | |||||
| Low rate of deformation 2.5 * 10 -4/S | Deformation speed | ||||
| 5×10 -3/S | 1×10 -2/S | ||||
| Temperature | A 1More than | 910℃ | 180 | ||
| 880℃ | 250 | ||||
| 850℃ | 330 | 232 | 175 | ||
| A 1In the district | 820℃ | 370 | 300 | 175 | |
| A 1Below | 790℃ | 300 | 189 | 163 | |
| 760℃ | 250 | ||||
Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, (speed is 1 * 10 after being respectively 820 ℃ of stretchings
-2/ S) sample deformation district and the not microstructure of distorted area (* 1000, metallograph), can see: the obvious granulation in distorted area, and the distorted area still is not pearlitic structure basically, shows that superplastic transformation has taken place to help microstructure in drawing process.
The ultrahigh carbon steel base material of the different components of table 2. is at A
1Temperature province and 5 * 10
-3Stretch percentage elongation under the/s strain rate condition
| The alloy numbering | The alloying constituent of ultrahigh carbon steel base material (weight percent) | Unit elongation (%) | ||||
| C | Si | Cr | Mn | Fe | ||
| 1 | 1.05 | 0.5 | 1.48 | 0.29 | Surplus | ＞100 |
| 2 | 1.33 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.57 | Surplus | ＞100 |
| 3 | 1.25 | 0.52 | 1.60 | 0.35 | Surplus | ＞150 |
| 4 | 1.28 | 1.14 | 0.5 | 0.56 | Surplus | ＞150 |
| 5 | 1.50 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 0.54 | Surplus | ＞150 |
| 6 | 1.15 | 2.50 | 1.50 | 0.5 | Surplus | ＞250 |
| 7 | 1.22 | 2.98 | 1.47 | 0.66 | Surplus | ＞330 |
Claims (3)
1. one kind has superplastic ultrahigh carbon steel base material, and its alloying constituent is (following being weight percentage):
C： 1.0～1.8；
Si：0.5～3.5；
Cr：0.5～2.0；
Mn：0.2～0.7；
Fe: surplus;
The microstructure of this ultrahigh carbon steel base material is:
No grain boundary carbide network, the even perlite of equiax crystal shape, its pearlite colony size is below 10 microns, and perlite sheet spacing is below 1 micron.
2. as claimed in claim 1 have a superplastic ultrahigh carbon steel base material, it is characterized in that: the alloying constituent of described ultrahigh carbon steel base material is (weight percent):
C： 1.2～1.5；
Si： 2.0～3.0：
Cr： 1.0～2.0；
Mn： 0.3～0.7；
Fe: surplus.
3. one kind obtains the method with superplastic ultrahigh carbon steel base material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, and this method comprises the steps:
I. choose suitable mother alloy, except that C and Fe, comprise Si at least, Cr, two kinds of compositions among the Mn, its weight percent is:
C： 1.0～1.8；
Si：0.5～3.5；
Cr：0.5～2.0；
Mn：0.2～0.7；
Fe: surplus;
Ii. the mother alloy material is put into the induction furnace internal heating, make it fusing;
Iii. keep for some time being higher than under 150～250 ℃ of temperature of fusing point, make the temperature and the composition of melt
Reach even;
Iv. use high pressure nitrogen to melt jet, make melt be atomized into fine drop, fine drop flight also is deposited on the collection substrate, and cooled and solidified also forms block, thereby obtains ultrahigh carbon steel base material.
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|
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| CN1159470C true CN1159470C (en) | 2004-07-28 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100340678C (en) * | 2004-05-28 | 2007-10-03 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | A method for enduing high-vanadium high-cobalt high-speed steel with superplasticity property |
| CN1325686C (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2007-07-11 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Process for producing super high carbon steel |
| CN100430509C (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2008-11-05 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Low-alloy and superhigh carbon composite phase steel and its manufacture |
| KR101445868B1 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2014-10-01 | 주식회사 포스코 | High carbon steel sheet superior in fatiugue lifeand manufacturing method thereof |
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