CN112404420B - High-strength steel powder for 3D printing, preparation method thereof, 3D printing method and prepared high-strength steel - Google Patents
High-strength steel powder for 3D printing, preparation method thereof, 3D printing method and prepared high-strength steel Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 32
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 8
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B22F1/0003—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
- C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
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Abstract
The invention discloses high-strength steel powder for 3D printing, a preparation method thereof, a 3D printing method and prepared high-strength steel, wherein the high-strength steel powder for 3D printing comprises, by mass, 0.15% -0.3% of C, 0.4% -0.6% of V, 0.8% -1.2% of Ti, 0.8% -1.5% of Mo, 2.5% -4% of Cr, 10% -12% of Ni, 12% -15% of Co and the balance of Fe. The high-strength steel prepared by the laser additive manufacturing method disclosed by the invention has the tensile strength and the elongation which are far higher than those of other 3D printing metals, and solves the problems that the traditional alloy is low in 3D printing strength, poor in elongation and incapable of improving the tensile property and the elongation at the same time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to high-strength steel powder for 3D printing, a preparation method of the high-strength steel powder, a 3D printing method of the high-strength steel powder and prepared high-strength steel.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous development of high-end fields such as aerospace, rail transit and the like, higher and higher requirements are put forward on the mechanical properties of some key parts. The high-strength steel is used as a structural material with higher specific strength (usually, the tensile strength is greater than 1400MPa, and the yield strength exceeds 1300MPa), and has great potential application in key parts of aerospace, rail transit and the like due to higher elastic modulus, high room-temperature strength, high rigidity modulus and the like. Generally, these parts are processed by conventional forging and casting, which is a serious challenge for preparing some ultra-fine grain structure and complex parts. The laser Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology has irreplaceable advantages for preparing some ultra-fine grain structures and complex parts because of its close near-net-shape forming and high cooling rate.
However, the laser additive manufacturing process is not a simple processing method, and because a high temperature gradient and a high stress gradient exist in a molten pool in the laser additive manufacturing process, metallurgical defects such as thermal cracking deformation and the like are easily generated in the printing process. At present, the strength and plasticity can not be improved simultaneously in the laser additive manufacturing process, the tensile strength in the currently reported additive manufacturing process is usually lower than 1500MPa, the elongation is less than 10%, and the requirements of high-end parts can not be met far away, so that the development of special high-strength steel metal powder for laser additive manufacturing is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made in view of the above and/or the problems of low strong plasticity and easy cracking of the existing laser additive manufacturing of steel in the prior art.
It is therefore one of the objects of the present invention to provide a high strength steel powder for 3D printing.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the high-strength steel powder for 3D printing comprises, by mass, 0.15% -0.3% of C, 0.4% -0.6% of V, 0.8% -1.2% of Ti, 0.8% -1.5% of Mo, 2.5% -4% of Cr, 10% -12% of Ni, 12% -15% of Co and the balance Fe.
As a preferred embodiment of the high strength steel powder for 3D printing of the present invention, wherein: the alloy comprises, by mass, 0.2% of C, 0.5% of V, 1.0% of Ti, 1.2% of Mo, 3% of Cr, 11% of Ni, 12.5% of Co and the balance of Fe.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the high-strength steel powder for 3D printing, and the invention provides the following technical scheme: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
preparing metal powder comprising C, V, Ti, Mo, Cr, Ni, Co and Fe according to the mass percent of the alloy powder in the claim 1 or 2;
vacuum melting, namely performing vacuum melting on the prepared metal powder;
and atomizing to prepare powder, wherein the high-strength steel powder for 3D printing is obtained after vacuum melting.
As a preferable aspect of the method for preparing the high strength steel powder for 3D printing of the present invention, wherein: and vacuum melting is carried out, wherein the melting temperature is 1200-1600 ℃, and the pressure in the furnace is 0.4-0.7 MPa.
As a preferable aspect of the method for preparing the high strength steel powder for 3D printing of the present invention, wherein: the atomization powder preparation is carried out by introducing inert gas, and the atomization pressure is 0.5-8 MPa; the inert gas is argon.
The invention further aims to provide a 3D printing method of the high-strength steel powder for 3D printing, wherein the 3D printing is laser coaxial powder feeding printing, and the particle size of the high-strength steel powder for 3D printing is 75-150 mu m.
As a preferable aspect of the 3D printing method of the high strength steel powder for 3D printing of the present invention, wherein: the laser coaxial powder feeding printing is carried out, and the laser power is 800-1500W; the scanning distance is 1-1.5 mm; the laser scanning speed is 8-15 mm/s; the layer thickness was 0.5 mm.
The invention further aims to provide a 3D printing method of the high-strength steel powder for 3D printing, wherein the 3D printing is laser powder bed printing, and the particle size of the high-strength steel powder for 3D printing is 13-50 mu m.
As a preferable aspect of the 3D printing method of the high strength steel powder for 3D printing of the present invention, wherein: printing by the laser powder bed, wherein the laser power is 200-400W; the laser scanning speed is 400-1600 mm/s; the layer thickness is 0.04 mm; the scanning pitch was 0.09 mm.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a high strength steel manufactured by the above 3D printing method, the manufactured high strength steel having cellular martensite/bainite grains, the grains being encapsulated by mesh austenite;
the high-strength steel comprises, by mass percent, C: 0.15% -0.3%; v: 0.4 to 0.6 percent; ti: 0.8 to 1.2 percent; mo: 0.8 to 1.5 percent; cr: 2.5% -4%; ni: 10% -12%; co: 12 to 15 percent; the balance being Fe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the high-strength steel prepared by the invention has cellular martensite/bainite grains, and the grains are wrapped by the mesh austenite, so that the high-strength steel not only has various strong plasticity mechanisms such as phase transformation strengthening, fine grain strengthening, dislocation strengthening, precipitation strengthening and the like in the traditional steel material, but also has a mesh austenite strong plasticizing mechanism on a space structure, and the mesh austenite can induce TRIP and TWIP effects under stress, so that a printed sample has higher strength and plasticity, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 2000, and the elongation is more than or equal to 15%.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a phase distribution diagram of a sample prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a pictorial representation of a sample prepared in accordance with the present invention; wherein FIG. 2(a) is a pictorial view of a sample prepared in example 1; FIG. 2(b) is a pictorial view of a sample prepared in example 2.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a gold phase of a sample prepared according to the present invention; wherein, FIG. 3(a) is a gold phase diagram of the sample prepared in example 1; FIG. 3(b) is a gold phase diagram of the sample prepared in example 2.
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the microstructure of a high strength steel manufactured according to the present invention; wherein FIG. 4(a) is a low power plot and FIG. 4(b) is a high power plot of the sample prepared in example 1; fig. 4(c) is a low-power graph of the sample prepared in example 2, and fig. 4(d) is a high-power graph of the sample prepared in example 2.
FIG. 5 is a drawing of a high strength steel manufactured according to the present invention; wherein fig. 5(a) is a drawing of a sample prepared in example 1, and fig. 5(b) is a drawing of a sample prepared in example 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, specific embodiments thereof are described in detail below with reference to examples of the specification.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Example 1
(1) Preparing metal powder, wherein the metal powder comprises, by mass, 0.2% of C, 0.5% of V, 1.0% of Ti, 1.2% of Mo, 3% of Cr, 11% of Ni, 12.5% of Co and the balance Fe;
(2) vacuum smelting, namely performing vacuum smelting on the prepared metal powder, wherein the smelting temperature is 1500 ℃, and the air pressure in a smelting furnace is 0.5 MPa;
(3) atomizing to prepare powder, wherein after the vacuum melting, the metal molten drops are atomized by adopting argon as a medium, and the atomizing pressure is 4 MPa;
(4) sieving powder, namely sieving and grading the metal powder, and taking alloy powder with the granularity range of 75-150 mu m;
(5) drying treatment, namely drying the screened metal powder at 150 ℃ for 10 hours;
(6)3D prints, carries out the coaxial powder feeding 3D of laser with above-mentioned powder and prints, and the printing parameter is: the laser power is 1200W, the scanning speed is 10mm/s, the scanning interval is 1.2mm, the layer thickness is 0.5mm, and the powder feeding amount is 10 g/min; obtaining high-strength steel; as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of a sample prepared in example 1.
As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a phase distribution diagram of a sample prepared in example 1 of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 1, the printed samples were composed of mainly a body-centered cubic martensite phase, an austenite phase, and a close-packed hexagonal martensite phase. Due to the existence of austenite phase, martensite transformation (namely TRIP effect) occurs in the plastic deformation process, so that the printed sample maintains high strength and plasticity.
The tensile strength of the high-strength steel prepared by the laser coaxial powder feeding is up to 2000MPa, and the elongation is up to 22%.
Example 2
(1) Preparing metal powder, wherein the metal powder comprises, by mass, 0.2% of C, 0.5% of V, 1.0% of Ti, 1.2% of Mo, 3% of Cr, 11% of Ni, 12.5% of Co and the balance Fe;
(2) vacuum smelting, namely performing vacuum smelting on the prepared metal powder, wherein the smelting temperature is 1500 ℃, and the air pressure in a smelting furnace is 0.5 MPa;
(3) atomizing to prepare powder, wherein after the vacuum melting, the metal molten drops are atomized by adopting argon as a medium, and the atomizing pressure is 4 MPa;
(4) sieving powder, namely sieving and grading the metal powder, and taking alloy powder with the granularity range of 15-50 mu m;
(5) drying treatment, namely drying the screened metal powder at 150 ℃ for 10 hours;
(6)3D prints, carries out laser powder bed 3D with above-mentioned powder and prints, and the printing parameter is: the laser power is 300W, the scanning speed is 800mm/s, the scanning distance is 0.09mm, and the layer thickness is 0.04 mm; obtaining high-strength steel; as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2(b) is a physical diagram of the sample prepared in example 2.
The tensile strength of the high-strength steel prepared by the laser coaxial powder feeding is as high as 1800MPa, and the elongation is 15%.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a gold phase of a sample prepared according to the present invention; wherein, FIG. 3(a) is a gold phase diagram of the sample prepared in example 1; FIG. 3(b) is a gold phase diagram of the sample prepared in example 2. From fig. 3, it can be seen that a typical laser additive manufacturing is characterized by the presence of a significant weld pool topography in the build direction. And the size of a sample molten pool prepared by the laser coaxial powder feeding equipment is far larger than that of a sample prepared by the laser powder bed. And the laser powder bed apparatus was found to produce samples having smaller grain sizes than the laser coaxial powder feed apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the microstructure of a high strength steel manufactured according to the present invention; wherein FIG. 4(a) is a low power plot and FIG. 4(b) is a high power plot of the sample prepared in example 1; fig. 4(c) is a low-power graph of the sample prepared in example 2, and fig. 4(d) is a high-power graph of the sample prepared in example 2. It can be seen from fig. 4(a) that the printed sample exhibits a layered structure with austenite distributed at the grain boundaries, martensite distributed within the crystal, and a large amount of cementite in bainite is found in fig. 4(b), which further enhances its tensile strength; in fig. 4(c) a large number of lath-like martensite are found parallel to each other or intersecting at 70.5 °, and the laser powder bed apparatus produced samples with smaller grain size than the laser coaxial powder feeding apparatus.
FIG. 5 is a drawing of a high strength steel manufactured according to the present invention; wherein fig. 5(a) is a drawing of a sample prepared in example 1, and fig. 5(b) is a drawing of a sample prepared in example 2. As can be seen from the figure, the samples after crystal laser additive manufacturing all show higher tensile strength, and meanwhile, still have better plasticity.
Example 3
(1) Preparing metal powder, wherein the metal powder comprises, by mass, 0.2% of C, 0.4% of V, 0.8% of Ti, 0.8% of Mo, 3.5% of Cr, 12% of Ni, 13% of Co and the balance Fe;
(2) vacuum smelting, namely performing vacuum smelting on the prepared metal powder, wherein the smelting temperature is 1500 ℃, and the air pressure in a smelting furnace is 0.5 MPa;
(3) atomizing to prepare powder, wherein after the vacuum melting, the metal molten drops are atomized by adopting argon as a medium, and the atomizing pressure is 4 MPa;
(4) sieving powder, namely sieving and grading the metal powder, and taking alloy powder with the granularity range of 75-150 mu m;
(5) drying treatment, namely drying the screened metal powder at 150 ℃ for 10 hours;
(6)3D prints, carries out the coaxial powder feeding 3D of laser with above-mentioned powder and prints, and the printing parameter is: the laser power is 1200W, the scanning speed is 10mm/s, the scanning interval is 1.2mm, the layer thickness is 0.5mm, and the powder feeding amount is 10 g/min; obtaining the high-strength steel.
The tensile strength of the high-strength steel prepared by the laser coaxial powder feeding is up to 1935MPa, and the elongation is up to 19%.
Example 4
(1) Preparing metal powder, wherein the metal powder comprises, by mass, 0.2% of C, 0.4% of V, 0.8% of Ti, 0.8% of Mo, 3.5% of Cr, 12% of Ni, 13% of Co and the balance Fe;
(2) vacuum smelting, namely performing vacuum smelting on the prepared metal powder, wherein the smelting temperature is 1500 ℃, and the air pressure in a smelting furnace is 0.5 MPa;
(3) atomizing to prepare powder, wherein after the vacuum melting, the metal molten drops are atomized by adopting argon as a medium, and the atomizing pressure is 4 MPa;
(4) sieving powder, namely sieving and grading the metal powder, and taking alloy powder with the granularity range of 15-50 mu m;
(5) drying treatment, namely drying the screened metal powder at 150 ℃ for 10 hours;
(6)3D prints, carries out laser powder bed 3D with above-mentioned powder and prints, and the printing parameter is: the laser power is 300W, the scanning speed is 800mm/s, the scanning distance is 0.09mm, and the layer thickness is 0.04 mm; obtaining the high-strength steel.
The tensile strength of the high-strength steel prepared by the laser coaxial powder feeding is up to 1728MPa, and the elongation is up to 16.2%.
Example 5
(1) Preparing metal powder, wherein the metal powder comprises, by mass, 0.3% of C, 0.6% of V, 1.2% of Ti, 1.5% of Mo, 4% of Cr, 12% of Ni, 15% of Co and the balance Fe;
(2) vacuum smelting, namely performing vacuum smelting on the prepared metal powder, wherein the smelting temperature is 1500 ℃, and the air pressure in a smelting furnace is 0.5 MPa;
(3) atomizing to prepare powder, wherein after the vacuum melting, the metal molten drops are atomized by adopting argon as a medium, and the atomizing pressure is 4 MPa;
(4) sieving powder, namely sieving and grading the metal powder, and taking alloy powder with the granularity range of 75-150 mu m;
(5) drying treatment, namely drying the screened metal powder at 150 ℃ for 10 hours;
(6)3D prints, carries out the coaxial powder feeding 3D of laser with above-mentioned powder and prints, and the printing parameter is: the laser power is 1200W, the scanning speed is 10mm/s, the scanning interval is 1.2mm, the layer thickness is 0.5mm, and the powder feeding amount is 10 g/min; obtaining the high-strength steel.
The tensile strength of the high-strength steel prepared by the laser coaxial powder feeding reaches 2236MPa, and the elongation reaches 14%.
Example 6
(1) Preparing metal powder, wherein the metal powder comprises, by mass, 0.15% of C, 0.4% of V, 0.8% of Ti, 0.8% of Mo, 2.5% of Cr, 10% of Ni, 12% of Co and the balance Fe;
(2) vacuum smelting, namely performing vacuum smelting on the prepared metal powder, wherein the smelting temperature is 1500 ℃, and the air pressure in a smelting furnace is 0.5 MPa;
(3) atomizing to prepare powder, wherein after the vacuum melting, the metal molten drops are atomized by adopting argon as a medium, and the atomizing pressure is 4 MPa;
(4) sieving powder, namely sieving and grading the metal powder, and taking alloy powder with the granularity range of 75-150 mu m;
(5) drying treatment, namely drying the screened metal powder at 150 ℃ for 10 hours;
(6)3D prints, carries out the coaxial powder feeding 3D of laser with above-mentioned powder and prints, and the printing parameter is: the laser power is 1200W, the scanning speed is 10mm/s, the scanning interval is 1.2mm, the layer thickness is 0.5mm, and the powder feeding amount is 10 g/min; obtaining the high-strength steel.
The tensile strength of the high-strength steel prepared by the laser coaxial powder feeding reaches 1832MPa, and the elongation reaches 24%.
Example 7
(1) Preparing metal powder, wherein the metal powder comprises, by mass, 0.1% of C, 0.4% of V, 0.8% of Ti, 0.8% of Mo, 2.5% of Cr, 10% of Ni, 12% of Co and the balance Fe;
(2) vacuum smelting, namely performing vacuum smelting on the prepared metal powder, wherein the smelting temperature is 1500 ℃, and the air pressure in a smelting furnace is 0.5 MPa;
(3) atomizing to prepare powder, wherein after the vacuum melting, the metal molten drops are atomized by adopting argon as a medium, and the atomizing pressure is 4 MPa;
(4) sieving powder, namely sieving and grading the metal powder, and taking alloy powder with the granularity range of 75-150 mu m;
(5) drying treatment, namely drying the screened metal powder at 150 ℃ for 10 hours;
(6)3D prints, carries out the coaxial powder feeding 3D of laser with above-mentioned powder and prints, and the printing parameter is: the laser power is 1200W, the scanning speed is 10mm/s, the scanning interval is 1.2mm, the layer thickness is 0.5mm, and the powder feeding amount is 10 g/min; obtaining the high-strength steel.
The tensile strength of the high-strength steel prepared by the laser coaxial powder feeding reaches 1429MPa, and the elongation reaches 28%.
Example 8
(1) Preparing metal powder, wherein the metal powder comprises, by mass, 0.5% of C, 0.4% of V, 0.8% of Ti, 0.8% of Mo, 2.5% of Cr, 10% of Ni, 12% of Co and the balance Fe;
(2) vacuum smelting, namely performing vacuum smelting on the prepared metal powder, wherein the smelting temperature is 1500 ℃, and the air pressure in a smelting furnace is 0.5 MPa;
(3) atomizing to prepare powder, wherein after the vacuum melting, the metal molten drops are atomized by adopting argon as a medium, and the atomizing pressure is 4 MPa;
(4) sieving powder, namely sieving and grading the metal powder, and taking alloy powder with the granularity range of 75-150 mu m;
(5) drying treatment, namely drying the screened metal powder at 150 ℃ for 10 hours;
(6)3D prints, carries out the coaxial powder feeding 3D of laser with above-mentioned powder and prints, and the printing parameter is: the laser power is 1200W, the scanning speed is 10mm/s, the scanning interval is 1.2mm, the layer thickness is 0.5mm, and the powder feeding amount is 10 g/min; obtaining the high-strength steel.
The tensile strength of the high-strength steel prepared by the laser coaxial powder feeding is 1836MPa, and the elongation is 8%.
The high-strength steel prepared by the invention has cellular martensite/bainite grains, the grains are wrapped by the reticular austenite, the high-strength steel not only has various strong plasticity mechanisms such as phase transformation strengthening, fine grain strengthening, dislocation strengthening, precipitation strengthening and the like in the traditional steel material, but also has a reticular austenite strong plasticizing mechanism on a space structure, and the reticular austenite can induce TRIP and TWIP effects under stress, so that a printed sample has higher strength and plasticity (the tensile strength is more than or equal to 2000 and the elongation is more than or equal to 15%). The high-strength steel prepared by adopting laser additive manufacturing is the steel with the highest metal 3D printing strength so far, the tensile strength and the elongation are far higher than those of other 3D printing metals, and the problems that the traditional alloy 3D printing strength is low, the elongation is poor, and the tensile property and the elongation cannot be improved simultaneously are solved.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a high strength steel powder for 3D prints which characterized in that: according to the mass percentage, the alloy comprises 0.15-0.3% of C, 0.4-0.6% of V, 0.8-1.2% of Ti, 0.8-1.5% of Mo, 2.5-4% of Cr, 10-12% of Ni, 12-15% of Co and the balance of Fe.
2. The high strength steel powder for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein: the alloy comprises, by mass, 0.2% of C, 0.5% of V, 1.0% of Ti, 1.2% of Mo, 3% of Cr, 11% of Ni, 12.5% of Co and the balance of Fe.
3. A preparation method of high-strength steel powder for 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
preparing metal powder comprising C, V, Ti, Mo, Cr, Ni, Co and Fe according to the mass percent of the alloy powder in the claim 1 or 2;
vacuum melting, namely performing vacuum melting on the prepared metal powder;
and atomizing to prepare powder, wherein the high-strength steel powder for 3D printing is obtained after vacuum melting.
4. The method of preparing high strength steel powder for 3D printing according to claim 3, wherein: and vacuum melting is carried out, wherein the melting temperature is 1200-1600 ℃, and the pressure in the furnace is 0.4-0.7 MPa.
5. Method for the preparation of high strength steel powder for 3D printing according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: the atomization powder preparation is carried out by introducing inert gas, and the atomization pressure is 0.5-8 MPa; the inert gas is argon.
6. 3D printing method of high strength steel powder for 3D printing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the 3D printing is laser coaxial powder feeding printing, and the particle size of the high-strength steel powder for 3D printing is 75-150 microns.
7. 3D printing method of high strength steel powder for 3D printing according to claim 6, characterized in that: the laser coaxial powder feeding printing is carried out, and the laser power is 800-1500W; the scanning distance is 1-1.5 mm; the laser scanning speed is 8-15 mm/s; the layer thickness was 0.5 mm.
8. 3D printing method of high strength steel powder for 3D printing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the 3D printing is laser powder bed printing, and the particle size of the high-strength steel powder for 3D printing is 13-50 microns.
9. 3D printing method of high strength steel powder for 3D printing according to claim 8, characterized in that: printing by the laser powder bed, wherein the laser power is 200-400W; the laser scanning speed is 400-1600 mm/s; the layer thickness is 0.04 mm; the scanning pitch was 0.09 mm.
10. A high strength steel produced by the 3D printing method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein: the prepared high-strength steel has cellular martensite/bainite grains, and the grains are wrapped by net austenite;
the high-strength steel comprises, by mass percent, C: 0.15% -0.3%; v: 0.4 to 0.6 percent; ti: 0.8 to 1.2 percent; mo: 0.8 to 1.5 percent; cr: 2.5% -4%; ni: 10% -12%; co: 12 to 15 percent; the balance being Fe.
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