CN115945753B - Assembly welding method of through welding type PCBN cutter and through welding type PCBN cutter - Google Patents
Assembly welding method of through welding type PCBN cutter and through welding type PCBN cutter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of PCBN cutters, in particular to a method for assembling and welding a through welding type PCBN cutter and the through welding type PCBN cutter. The assembly welding method of the through welding type PCBN tool comprises the following steps: assembling the hard alloy matrix and the PCBN tool bit to obtain an assembly, wherein the contact part of the hard alloy matrix and the PCBN tool bit is coated with soldering paste; fastening the PCBN tool bit on the hard alloy substrate by adopting a fastener, and then drying; unloading the fastener and performing brazing treatment; the solder paste comprises copper, tin, titanium, a thickener and water; the mass ratio of copper to tin to titanium is (5-6.5): 2.5-4): 1. According to the invention, partial alloying of the brazing filler metal is ensured at the drying temperature, the width of the welding seam can be reduced by alloying contraction force and clamping spring pressing force, the brazing filler metal is discharged from pores in the welding seam, capillary action can be better generated in subsequent brazing, and gap filling is further realized; the strength and the service life of the cutter are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of PCBN cutters, in particular to a method for assembling and welding a through welding type PCBN cutter and the through welding type PCBN cutter.
Background
With the development of the machine industry, more and more machining materials and superhard materials are widely used in various fields of machining and are also examined for machining tools. It is important to develop a tool product with good wear resistance, strong thermal stability and excellent impact resistance. PCBN polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutter is used as the most advantageous cutter material for processing high-hardness and difficult-to-process ferrous metal and other materials at present, and is a necessary tool for realizing precise and ultra-precise turning processing. The PCBN indexable through-welding blade is mainly used for finish machining and semi-finish machining in the industries of rollers, mining machinery, large gears, bearings and the like.
PCBN indexable through-welded blades in the prior art have the following defects: the welding lines are discontinuous, the air holes are more, the width of part of the welding lines is larger, about 0.1mm, the joint filling of the brazing filler metal is insufficient, and the strength and the service life of the blade are poor due to the defects.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for assembling and welding a through-welding type PCBN cutter, which aims to solve the technical problems of poor cutter strength and service life caused by insufficient joint filling of brazing filler metal due to discontinuous welding lines and more air holes of the PCBN through-welding cutter in the prior art.
The invention further aims at providing a through-welding type PCBN cutter, which is obtained by adopting the assembly welding method of the through-welding type PCBN cutter.
In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, the following technical solutions are specifically adopted:
the assembly welding method of the through welding type PCBN tool comprises the following steps:
assembling the hard alloy matrix and the PCBN tool bit to obtain an assembly, wherein the contact part of the hard alloy matrix and the PCBN tool bit is coated with soldering paste; fastening the PCBN tool bit on the hard alloy substrate by adopting a fastener, and then drying; after the drying treatment, the fastener is disassembled and the brazing treatment is carried out;
the solder paste comprises copper, tin, titanium, a thickener and water; the mass ratio of copper to tin to titanium is (5-6.5): (2.5-4): 1;
the temperature of the drying treatment is higher than the melting point of tin element.
In one embodiment, the mass ratio of copper to tin to titanium is (5.5-6.2): 2.8-3.5): 1.
In one embodiment, the copper has a particle size of 10 to 100 μm.
In one embodiment, the tin has a particle size of 10 to 70 μm.
In one embodiment, the titanium has a particle size of 10 to 100 μm.
In one embodiment, the mass content of the thickener in the solder paste is 0.2% -1%.
In one embodiment, the total mass content of copper, tin and titanium in the solder paste is 50% -80%.
In one embodiment, the thickener comprises at least one of propylene glycol, ethylcarbitol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
In one embodiment, the temperature of the drying process is 232-400 ℃.
In one embodiment, the fastener comprises a snap spring.
In one embodiment, the fastener applies 20-50N pressure to the PCBN tool bit.
In one embodiment, the cemented carbide comprises a cemented tungsten carbide.
In one embodiment, the brazing process is performed at a temperature of 900-920 ℃.
The through welding type PCBN cutter is obtained by adopting the assembly welding method of the through welding type PCBN cutter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the special soldering paste is matched with the compression force of the clamp spring, so that partial alloying of the solder is ensured at the drying temperature, the width of the welding seam can be reduced by the alloyed contraction force and the compression force of the clamp spring, the welding seam is discharged from the holes in the welding seam, the capillary action can be better generated at the subsequent brazing temperature, and the gap is further filled. The method can further improve the strength and the service life of the through-welding PCBN tool.
(2) The through-welding type PCBN cutter has the advantages of small weld joint width, no air holes, high strength and long service life.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a weld view of a PCBN tool in accordance with example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a weld pattern of the PCBN tool in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
According to one aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a method for assembling and welding a through-welded PCBN tool, comprising the following steps:
assembling a hard alloy matrix and a PCBN (polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) tool bit to obtain an assembly, wherein the contact part of the hard alloy matrix and the PCBN tool bit is coated with soldering paste; fastening the PCBN tool bit on the hard alloy substrate by adopting a fastener, and then drying; after the drying treatment, the fastener is disassembled and the brazing treatment is carried out;
the solder paste comprises copper, tin, titanium, a thickener and water; the mass ratio of copper to tin to titanium is (5-6.5): (2.5-4): 1;
the temperature of the drying treatment is higher than the melting point of tin element.
According to the invention, the special soldering paste is matched with the compression force of the clamp spring, so that partial alloying of the solder is ensured at the drying temperature, the width of the welding seam can be reduced by the alloyed contraction force and the compression force of the clamp spring, the welding seam is discharged from the holes in the welding seam, the capillary action can be better generated at the subsequent brazing temperature, and the gap is further filled. Therefore, the strength and the service life of the through-welding PCBN cutter can be further improved.
According to the invention, the appropriate drying temperature is used for liquefying tin element, filling the pore between titanium and copper, and carrying out in-situ alloying with the pore, so that the tool bit and the matrix are tightened by the force generated by alloying, the clamp spring continuously applies a pressing force on the tool bit and the matrix in the process, the gap between the welding seam is reduced, the solder is used for filling the position of molten tin element, and the evaporated gas in the welding seam is discharged. In one embodiment, the temperature of the drying process is 232-400 ℃, and in one embodiment, the temperature of the drying process includes, but is not limited to, 232 ℃, 250 ℃, 275 ℃, 300 ℃, 310 ℃, 320 ℃, 330 ℃, 340 ℃, 350 ℃, 360 ℃, 370 ℃, 380 ℃, 390 ℃, 400 ℃, and the like. The invention adopts proper drying temperature, which is slightly higher than the melting point of tin element, so that the tin element can be alloyed during drying, and the tin element is alloyed with copper and titanium element more fully after melting by matching with the improvement of the proportion of the tin element.
In an embodiment, the mass ratio of copper, tin, titanium includes, but is not limited to, 5:4:1, 5.2:3.8:1, 5.5:3.5:1, 5.8:3.2:1, 6:3:1, 6.2:2.8:1, and the like. In one embodiment, the mass ratio of copper to tin to titanium is (5.5-6.2): 2.8-3.5): 1.
In one embodiment, the copper has a particle size of 10 to 100 μm, for example 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 50 μm, 75 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, etc.
In one embodiment, the tin has a particle size of 10 to 70 μm, for example 10 μm, 25 μm, 35 μm, 50 μm, 70 μm, etc.
In one embodiment, the titanium has a particle size of 10 to 100 μm, for example 10 μm, 20 μm, 36 μm, 50 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, etc.
In one embodiment, the mass content of the thickener in the solder paste is 0.2% -1%, for example 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9% or 1%, etc.
In one embodiment, the total mass content of copper, tin and titanium in the solder paste is 50% -80%, for example 50%, 55%, 60%, 70%, 78% or 80% or the like.
In one embodiment, the thickener comprises at least one of propylene glycol, ethylcarbitol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether. The thickener of the present invention may be selected from any one of the above, or a combination of at least two thereof.
In one embodiment, the fastener comprises a snap spring. According to the invention, the clamping springs are adopted for fixing, and the clamping springs simultaneously compress a plurality of cutter heads on one cutter to the substrate, so that the gap is reduced. Other devices can be used as fasteners, so long as the fastening of the hard alloy matrix and the PCBN tool bit can be achieved.
In one embodiment, the fastener applies a pressure of 20 to 50N, such as 20N, 25N, 30N, 35N, 40N, 45N, 50N, etc., to the PCBN cutter head.
In one embodiment, the cemented carbide includes tungsten cobalt type cemented carbide, such as YG6, YG8, and the like.
In one embodiment, the brazing process is performed at a temperature of 900 to 920 ℃, for example 900 ℃, 905 ℃, 910 ℃, 915 ℃, 920 ℃, and the like.
According to another aspect of the invention, the invention also relates to a through-welding type PCBN cutter, which is obtained by adopting the assembly welding method of the through-welding type PCBN cutter.
The PCBN cutter has small weld joint and less air holes; the cutter has high strength and long service life.
The following is a further explanation in connection with specific examples, comparative examples.
Example 1
The assembly welding method of the through welding type PCBN tool comprises the following steps:
(a) Uniformly coating soldering paste on a part to be soldered, and assembling the hard alloy matrix and the PCBN tool bit to obtain an assembly; preparing solder paste: mixing copper, tin, titanium, a thickener and water uniformly to obtain a mixture; the mass ratio of copper to tin to titanium is 6:3:1; the total mass content of copper, tin and titanium is 65%; the thickener is propylene glycol, and the mass content of the thickener in the soldering paste is 0.6%; the particle size of copper is 50 μm; the particle size of tin is 30 μm; the particle size of the titanium is 50 μm; the hard alloy is YG6;
(b) The clamping springs are adopted for fixing, the three tool bits are simultaneously pressed towards the base body by the clamping springs, the pressure is about 35N, and the gap is reduced;
(c) And (3) drying: the drying temperature is 345 ℃;
(d) The clamp spring is disassembled;
(e) Putting into a furnace for brazing, wherein the brazing temperature is 910 ℃;
(f) And discharging.
A weld pattern of the PCBN tool of example 1 of the invention is shown in FIG. 1.
Example 2
The assembly welding method of the through welding type PCBN tool comprises the following steps:
(a) Uniformly coating soldering paste on a part to be soldered, and assembling the hard alloy matrix and the PCBN tool bit to obtain an assembly; preparing solder paste: mixing copper, tin, titanium, a thickener and water uniformly to obtain a mixture; the mass ratio of copper to tin to titanium is 5.5:3.5:1; the total mass content of copper, tin and titanium is 55%; the thickener is propylene glycol, and the mass content of the thickener in the soldering paste is 0.4%; the granularity of copper is 30 mu m; the granularity of tin is 20 mu m; the particle size of the titanium is 30 mu m; the hard alloy is YG6;
(b) The clamping springs are adopted for fixing, the three tool bits are simultaneously pressed towards the base body by the clamping springs, the pressure is about 35N, and the gap is reduced;
(c) And (3) drying: the drying temperature is 320 ℃;
(d) The clamp spring is disassembled;
(e) Putting the steel into a furnace for brazing, wherein the brazing temperature is 905 ℃;
(f) And discharging.
Example 3
The assembly welding method of the through welding type PCBN tool comprises the following steps:
(a) Uniformly coating soldering paste on a part to be soldered, and assembling the hard alloy matrix and the PCBN tool bit to obtain an assembly; preparing solder paste: mixing copper, tin, titanium, a thickener and water uniformly to obtain a mixture; the mass ratio of copper to tin to titanium is 6.2:2.8:1; the total mass content of copper, tin and titanium is 70%; the thickener is propylene glycol, and the mass content of the thickener in the soldering paste is 0.8%; the granularity of copper is 80 mu m; the particle size of tin is 50 μm; the granularity of the titanium is 80 mu m; the hard alloy is YG6;
(b) The clamping springs are adopted for fixing, the three tool bits are simultaneously pressed towards the base body by the clamping springs, the pressure is about 35N, and the gap is reduced;
(c) And (3) drying: the drying temperature is 385 ℃;
(d) The clamp spring is disassembled;
(e) Putting into a furnace for brazing, wherein the brazing temperature is 915 ℃;
(f) And discharging.
Example 4
The assembly welding method of the through welding type PCBN tool comprises the following steps:
(a) Uniformly coating soldering paste on a part to be soldered, and assembling the hard alloy matrix and the PCBN tool bit to obtain an assembly; preparing solder paste: mixing copper, tin, titanium, a thickener and water uniformly to obtain a mixture; the mass ratio of copper to tin to titanium is 5:4:1; the total mass content of copper, tin and titanium is 50%; the thickener is propylene glycol, and the mass content of the thickener in the soldering paste is 0.2%; the granularity of copper is 10 mu m; the granularity of tin is 10 mu m; the granularity of the titanium is 10 mu m; the hard alloy is YG6;
(b) The clamping springs are adopted for fixing, the three tool bits are simultaneously pressed towards the base body by the clamping springs, the pressure is about 25N, and the gap is reduced;
(c) And (3) drying: the drying temperature is 300 ℃;
(d) The clamp spring is disassembled;
(e) Putting into a furnace for brazing, wherein the brazing temperature is 900 ℃;
(f) And discharging.
Example 5
The assembly welding method of the through welding type PCBN tool comprises the following steps:
(a) Uniformly coating soldering paste on a part to be soldered, and assembling the hard alloy matrix and the PCBN tool bit to obtain an assembly; preparing solder paste: mixing copper, tin, titanium, a thickener and water uniformly to obtain a mixture; the mass ratio of copper to tin to titanium is 6.5:2.5:1; the total mass content of copper, tin and titanium is 80%; the thickener is propylene glycol, and the mass content of the thickener in the soldering paste is 1.0%; the granularity of copper is 100 μm; the particle size of tin is 70 μm; the granularity of the titanium is 100 mu m; the hard alloy is YG6;
(b) The clamping springs are adopted for fixing, the three tool bits are simultaneously pressed towards the base body by the clamping springs, the pressure is about 25N, and the gap is reduced;
(c) And (3) drying: the drying temperature is 400 ℃;
(d) The clamp spring is disassembled;
(e) Putting the steel into a furnace for brazing, wherein the brazing temperature is 920 ℃;
(f) And discharging.
Comparative example 1
The assembly welding method of the through welding type PCBN tool comprises the following steps:
(a) Uniformly coating soldering paste on a part to be soldered, and assembling the hard alloy matrix and the PCBN tool bit to obtain an assembly; preparing solder paste: mixing copper, tin, titanium, a thickener and water uniformly to obtain a mixture; the mass ratio of copper to tin to titanium is 7:2:1; the total mass content of copper, tin and titanium is 70%; the thickener is propylene glycol, and the mass content of the thickener in the soldering paste is 0.8%; the particle size of copper is 50 μm; the particle size of tin is 30 μm; the particle size of the titanium is 50 μm; the hard alloy is YG6;
(b) And (3) drying: the drying temperature is 120 ℃;
(c) Putting into a furnace for brazing, wherein the brazing temperature is 910 ℃;
(d) And discharging.
A weld pattern of the PCBN tool in comparative example 1 of the present invention is shown in fig. 2.
Comparative example 2
The assembly welding method of the through welding type PCBN tool comprises the following steps of removing copper, tin and titanium in a mass ratio of 6.8:2.2:1, and the other conditions are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 3
The assembly welding method of the through welding type PCBN tool is the same as that of the embodiment 1 except that the clamp spring is not used for fixing.
Comparative example 4
The assembly welding method of the through-welding PCBN tool is the same as that of the embodiment 1 except that the drying temperature is 280 ℃.
Experimental example
1. The widths of the weld joints, the air hole conditions and the pass conditions of the PCBN tools in the examples and the comparative examples are shown in Table 1. Wherein, the product grade: the first grade is superior to the second grade.
TABLE 1 width of weld, air hole Condition and pass Condition of PCBN tool
As can be seen from Table 1, the invention ensures that the solder is partially alloyed at the drying temperature by the specific welding paste matched with the compression force of the clamp spring, the width of the welding seam can be reduced by the alloyed contraction force and the compression force of the clamp spring, the width of the welding seam in examples 1-5 is not more than 40.57 mu m, the welding seam is continuously distributed in the welding seam between the cutter head and the matrix, no air hole exists, and the welding seam is qualified and is a first grade product; the weld joints of examples 4-5 had a discontinuous air hole total length of about 5%, and were all acceptable. The method of each embodiment can discharge pores in the welding seam, can better generate capillary action at the subsequent brazing temperature, further fill gaps, and further improve the strength and the service life of the through-welded PCBN tool.
The weld joints of comparative examples 1-4 are large in width, and the total length of the discontinuous air holes is 19% or more, which is waste.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The assembly welding method of the through welding type PCBN cutter is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
assembling the hard alloy matrix and the PCBN tool bit to obtain an assembly, wherein the contact part of the hard alloy matrix and the PCBN tool bit is coated with soldering paste; fastening the PCBN tool bit on the hard alloy substrate by adopting a fastener, and then drying; after the drying treatment, the fastener is disassembled and the brazing treatment is carried out;
the soldering paste consists of copper, tin, titanium, a thickener and water; the mass ratio of the copper to the tin to the titanium is (5.5-6.2): (2.8-3.5): 1; in the soldering paste, the mass content of the thickener is 0.2% -1%; in the soldering paste, the total mass content of copper, tin and titanium is 50% -80%;
the granularity of the copper is 10-100 mu m; the granularity of the tin is 10-70 mu m; the granularity of the titanium is 10-100 mu m;
the preparation of the solder paste comprises the following steps: mixing copper, tin, titanium, a thickener and water uniformly to obtain a mixture;
the temperature of the drying treatment is higher than the melting point of tin element; the temperature of the drying treatment is 300-400 ℃;
the pressure applied by the fastener to the PCBN tool bit is 30-50N.
2. The method of assembling and welding a pass-through welded PCBN cutter of claim 1, wherein the thickener comprises at least one of propylene glycol, ethylcarbitol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
3. The method of assembling a pass-welded PCBN tool of claim 1, wherein the fastener includes a snap spring.
4. A method of assembling a pass-welded PCBN tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cemented carbide comprises a cemented tungsten cobalt carbide.
5. The method for assembling and welding a through-welded PCBN cutter as in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the brazing process is 900-920 ℃.
6. The through-welded PCBN cutter, characterized in that the assembly welding method of the through-welded PCBN cutter according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is adopted.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007152418A (en) * | 2005-12-08 | 2007-06-21 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | High-temperature solder, and its manufacturing method |
| WO2022268660A1 (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2022-12-29 | Ab Sandvik Coromant | Cutting tool |
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| CN105499729B (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2017-08-25 | 苏州科技大学 | A kind of vacuum brazing method of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride |
| CN108080812B (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2020-12-11 | 温州宏丰电工合金股份有限公司 | Preparation method of paste forming body for Cu-Sn-Ti solder powder |
| CN108655524B (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2020-12-01 | 华侨大学 | Method for low-temperature brazing of cubic boron nitride abrasive particles |
| CN113145956B (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2022-01-21 | 深圳市鑫金泉精密技术股份有限公司 | Machining method of cubic boron nitride cutter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007152418A (en) * | 2005-12-08 | 2007-06-21 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | High-temperature solder, and its manufacturing method |
| WO2022268660A1 (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2022-12-29 | Ab Sandvik Coromant | Cutting tool |
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