CN115941052A - A quadruple-frequency communication-aware integrated transmission system based on a single modulator - Google Patents
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Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于通信技术领域,具体涉及基于单个调制器的四倍频通信感知一体化传输系统。The present invention belongs to the field of communication technology, and in particular relates to a quadruple frequency communication perception integrated transmission system based on a single modulator.
背景技术Background Art
随着自动驾驶、无人机、沉浸式扩展现实、工业互联网等新兴服务的不断演进,未来数据驱动的智能应用将打破现有第5代移动通信系统中增强型移动宽带、低时延高可靠通信、超大规模机器类通信三大应用场景间的界限。第6代移动通信系统将划分为更多的细化场景,同时需要满足多维极致性能需求。在过去的通信方式中,通信与感知功能是独立存在的,这其中由于缺乏感知功能带来的反馈信息,通信的质量往往无法在发送端实时收到,对效率有一定的负面影响。如果能将系统的通信部分和感知部分做到一定的结合,实现通信与感知功能在一个设备上集成,则可大大提升系统的通信质量,降低功耗和硬件成本。在未来的6G技术中应用中,有着良好的发展空间。未来智能应用不仅需要更加极致的通信性能,还需要借助定位、探测、成像等技术实时地进行环境感知,更需要借助超宽带通信将感知信息传输至广泛分布的算力节点,进行感知信息的智能化处理、决策和控制,最终达到理想的端到端性能。6G不再只是以人为中心的单纯传输比特的管道,也是能够感知万物、链接万物、智慧内生的面向人机物全互联的智简网络。With the continuous evolution of emerging services such as autonomous driving, drones, immersive extended reality, and industrial Internet, future data-driven intelligent applications will break the boundaries between the three major application scenarios of enhanced mobile broadband, low-latency and high-reliability communication, and ultra-large-scale machine-type communication in the existing fifth-generation mobile communication system. The sixth-generation mobile communication system will be divided into more detailed scenarios and need to meet multi-dimensional extreme performance requirements. In the past communication methods, communication and perception functions existed independently. Due to the lack of feedback information brought by the perception function, the quality of communication often could not be received in real time at the sending end, which had a certain negative impact on efficiency. If the communication part and the perception part of the system can be combined to a certain extent, and the communication and perception functions can be integrated on one device, the communication quality of the system can be greatly improved, and power consumption and hardware costs can be reduced. There is a good development space in the future application of 6G technology. Future intelligent applications not only require more extreme communication performance, but also need to use positioning, detection, imaging and other technologies to perceive the environment in real time. It also needs to use ultra-wideband communication to transmit perception information to widely distributed computing nodes for intelligent processing, decision-making and control of perception information, and finally achieve ideal end-to-end performance. 6G is no longer just a simple bit transmission channel centered on humans, but also an intelligent and simplified network that can sense and connect everything and has inherent intelligence for the full interconnection of humans, machines and objects.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种结构紧凑、操作简单、倍频能力强、频率灵活可调的基于单个调制器的四倍频通信感知一体化传输系统,以实现通信设备与感知设备的硬件资源共享,实现高速率通信和高精度感知。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a quadruple frequency communication and perception integrated transmission system based on a single modulator with compact structure, simple operation, strong frequency multiplication capability, and flexible and adjustable frequency, so as to realize hardware resource sharing between communication equipment and perception equipment, and realize high-speed communication and high-precision perception.
本发明提供的基于单个调制器的四倍频通信感知一体化传输系统,包括发送端、通信接收端、感知接收端:其中:The quadruple frequency communication and perception integrated transmission system based on a single modulator provided by the present invention comprises a transmitting end, a communication receiving end, and a perception receiving end: wherein:
(1)发送端,包括:(1) The sending end includes:
一个外腔激光器(ECL),激光器发出的光波注入PDM-MZM调制器,被PDM-MZM内置的3-dB耦合器分为两路,分别进入PDM-MZM的两个子调制器(MZM1和MZM2),其中,一部分被工作在最大偏置点的子调制器MZM1调制,产生偶数阶边带;另一部分被工作在最小偏置点的子调制器MZM2调制,用于对感知端接收到的回波信号进行去啁啾;An external cavity laser (ECL), the light wave emitted by the laser is injected into the PDM-MZM modulator, and is divided into two paths by the built-in 3-dB coupler of the PDM-MZM, and enters the two sub-modulators (MZM1 and MZM2) of the PDM-MZM respectively. One part is modulated by the sub-modulator MZM1 working at the maximum bias point to produce even-order sidebands; the other part is modulated by the sub-modulator MZM2 working at the minimum bias point to de-chirp the echo signal received by the sensing end;
一个任意波形发生器(AWG),用于产生时分复用的LFM,MQAM信号,驱动光调制器PDM-MZM的子调制器MZM1;An arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) for generating time-division multiplexed LFM and MQAM signals to drive the sub-modulator MZM1 of the optical modulator PDM-MZM;
一个偏振分复用马赫-增德尔调制器(PDM-MZM),PDM-MZM由两个子调制器(MZM1和MZM2)、一个90度偏振旋转器(PR)和一个偏振光束合路器(PBC)组成;MZM1的作用是将AWG产生的电信号调制到光载波上,MZM2的作用是将下变频后的回波信号进行去啁啾;PBC将两路信号合成偏振复用信号输出;A polarization division multiplexing Mach-Zehnder modulator (PDM-MZM), which consists of two sub-modulators (MZM1 and MZM2), a 90-degree polarization rotator (PR) and a polarization beam combiner (PBC); MZM1 modulates the electrical signal generated by the AWG onto the optical carrier, and MZM2 de-chirps the echo signal after down-conversion; PBC synthesizes the two signals into a polarization multiplexed signal for output;
一个偏振控制器(PC),用于控制PDM-MZM输出信号的偏振态;a polarization controller (PC) for controlling the polarization state of the PDM-MZM output signal;
一个偏振分束器(PBS),用于将经过PDM-MZM调制且经过偏振控制器的光信号分为两路;A polarization beam splitter (PBS) for splitting the optical signal modulated by PDM-MZM and passing through the polarization controller into two paths;
一个光纤布拉格光栅(FBG),抑制由MZM-1输出信号的光载波,输出±2阶和±4阶边带光信号;a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to suppress the optical carrier of the signal output by the MZM-1 and output ±2nd and ±4th order sideband optical signals;
两个光耦合器,记为第一光耦合器PM-OC1、第二光耦合器PM-OC2,其中,第一光耦合器PM-OC1用于将经过PDM-MZM调制且经过光纤布拉格光栅抑制光载波后的光信号分为两路,第二光耦合器PM-OC2用于将偏振分束器分离出来的下路光信号与经过波长选择开关(WSS)所选择的-4阶边带光信号耦合;Two optical couplers, denoted as a first optical coupler PM-OC1 and a second optical coupler PM-OC2, wherein the first optical coupler PM-OC1 is used to split the optical signal after PDM-MZM modulation and optical carrier suppression by the fiber Bragg grating into two paths, and the second optical coupler PM-OC2 is used to couple the downlink optical signal separated by the polarization beam splitter with the -4th order sideband optical signal selected by the wavelength selective switch (WSS);
两个光电探测器(PD),用于拍频完成光电转换,其中在发送部分,拍频产生毫米波频段的时分复用LFM,MQAM信号;对于感知部分,PD2拍频产生的电信号用于去啁啾;Two photodetectors (PDs) are used to complete the photoelectric conversion by beat frequency. In the transmitting part, the beat frequency generates the time-division multiplexed LFM and MQAM signals in the millimeter wave band. For the sensing part, the electrical signal generated by the beat frequency of PD2 is used for de-chirping.
一个波长选择开关(WSS),用于选择-4阶边带用作雷达的参考;a wavelength selective switch (WSS) to select the -4th order sideband for use as a reference for the radar;
一个发射天线,将来自拍频后产生的毫米波时分复用LFM,MQAM信号发射出去。A transmitting antenna transmits the millimeter-wave time-division multiplexing LFM and MQAM signals generated after the frequency beating.
(2)通信接收端,包括:(2) Communication receiving end, including:
一个通信接收天线,用于接收毫米波信号;a communication receiving antenna for receiving millimeter wave signals;
一个混频器,用来将接收到的发射端传来的通信信号进行下变频处理;A mixer for down-converting the communication signal received from the transmitter;
一个示波器,用来将收到的通信信号进行检测,并观察信号时域波形与频谱图。An oscilloscope is used to detect the received communication signal and observe the signal time domain waveform and spectrum diagram.
(3)感知接收端,包括:(3) Perception receiving end, including:
一个感知接收天线,用于获取来自接收端反射回来的信号;A sensing receiving antenna for acquiring the signal reflected from the receiving end;
两个混频器,一个用来将接收到的反射信号频率转到较低频率,进行下变频处理,另一个用来将PD2拍频后的信号进行下变频处理,利于示波器采样;Two mixers, one is used to convert the received reflected signal frequency to a lower frequency for down-conversion processing, and the other is used to down-convert the signal after PD2 beat frequency processing to facilitate oscilloscope sampling;
一个示波器,用来将收到的感知信号进行检测,并观察信号时域波形与频谱图。An oscilloscope is used to detect the received perception signal and observe the signal time domain waveform and spectrum diagram.
本发明提供的毫米波通信感知一体化传输系统,其进行感知测距原理如下:The millimeter wave communication perception integrated transmission system provided by the present invention performs perception ranging principle as follows:
假设采样频率为fs,调频斜率为k,τ代表回波信号的时延,c是光速,则W波段LFM信号的瞬时频率fN为:Assuming the sampling frequency is fs , the frequency modulation slope is k, τ represents the delay of the echo signal, and c is the speed of light, the instantaneous frequency fN of the W-band LFM signal is:
fN=4fs+4kt;(1)f N =4f s +4kt; (1)
感知解调端,第二光电探测器PD2输出的去调频信号频率为4kτ,将目标移动到另一个位置,获得另一个频率为4kτ′的去调频信号,计算两个位置之间的频率差Δf,获得两个位置之间的距离差L为:At the sensing demodulation end, the frequency of the de-modulated signal output by the second photodetector PD2 is 4kτ. Move the target to another position, obtain another de-modulated signal with a frequency of 4kτ′, calculate the frequency difference Δf between the two positions, and obtain the distance difference L between the two positions as:
本发明中,采用时分复用的LFM-MQAM信号,相当于插入块状导频,能够产生宽带LFM信号,从而提高测距精度;In the present invention, the time-division multiplexed LFM-MQAM signal is used, which is equivalent to inserting a block pilot, and can generate a broadband LFM signal, thereby improving the ranging accuracy;
本发明中,通过光纤布拉格光栅输出偶数阶边带占主导地位的光信号,辅助光电探测器第一PD1拍频产生高频毫米波信号。In the present invention, the optical signal with even-order sidebands as the dominant part is outputted by the fiber Bragg grating, so as to assist the first photodetector PD1 to generate a high-frequency millimeter wave signal by beating the frequency.
本发明中,通信信号为多载波MQAM信号,感知信号为线性调频信号。In the present invention, the communication signal is a multi-carrier MQAM signal, and the perception signal is a linear frequency modulation signal.
本发明中,通信与感知功能共享设备,避免了硬件资源的浪费。In the present invention, the communication and perception functions share equipment, thus avoiding the waste of hardware resources.
本发明还涉及基于上述传输系统的基于LFM-MQAM信号的通信感知一体化传输方法,具体步骤为:The present invention also relates to a communication perception integrated transmission method based on LFM-MQAM signals based on the above transmission system, and the specific steps are:
在发送端,由外腔激光器发出的光波注入调制器PDM-MZM,被PDM-MZM内置的3-dB耦合器分为两路,分别进入PDM-MZM的两个子调制器(MZM1和MZM2),其中,一部分被工作在最大偏置点的第一子调制器MZM1调制,产生偶数阶边带,再与另一部分被工作在最小偏置点的第二子调制器MZM2调制的光波由光调制器内置的偏振光束合路器合成输出,利用第一光耦合器PM-OC1将FBG输出的±2阶和±4阶边带占主导地位的光载波分为上下两路,第一光耦合器PM-OC1输出的上路光载波经过第一光电探测器PD1拍频产生高频毫米波用于通信功能,而第一光耦合器PM-OC1输出的下路光载波经过波长选择开关用作感知接收端雷达的参考信号的一部分;At the transmitting end, the light wave emitted by the external cavity laser is injected into the modulator PDM-MZM, and is divided into two paths by the built-in 3-dB coupler of the PDM-MZM, and enters the two sub-modulators (MZM1 and MZM2) of the PDM-MZM respectively. Among them, one part is modulated by the first sub-modulator MZM1 working at the maximum bias point to generate even-order sidebands, and then combined with the other part of the light wave modulated by the second sub-modulator MZM2 working at the minimum bias point by the built-in polarization beam combiner of the optical modulator to output. The first optical coupler PM-OC1 is used to divide the optical carrier dominated by the ±2nd and ±4th order sidebands output by the FBG into upper and lower paths. The upper optical carrier output by the first optical coupler PM-OC1 is beat by the first photodetector PD1 to generate high-frequency millimeter waves for communication functions, and the lower optical carrier output by the first optical coupler PM-OC1 is used as a part of the reference signal for sensing the radar at the receiving end through the wavelength selection switch;
第一光耦合器(PM-OC1)分出布拉格光栅输出信号的上边带信号和下边带信号,上边带信号经过后续处理用于通信与感知,下边带信号作为测距接收端参考光信号;The first optical coupler (PM-OC1) separates the upper sideband signal and the lower sideband signal of the Bragg grating output signal. The upper sideband signal is used for communication and perception after subsequent processing, and the lower sideband signal is used as a reference optical signal for the ranging receiving end.
第一光耦合器PM-OC1输出的上边带光信号,进入第一光电探测器PD1完成拍频;The upper sideband optical signal output by the first optical coupler PM-OC1 enters the first photodetector PD1 to complete the beat frequency;
第一光电探测器PD1拍频完成光电转换得到毫米波波段的LFM-MQAM信号,至此已完成通信感知信号的生成;The first photodetector PD1 completes the photoelectric conversion by beating the frequency to obtain the LFM-MQAM signal in the millimeter wave band, and thus the generation of the communication sensing signal has been completed;
上述信号经过天线发射,送入无线信道;The above signal is transmitted through the antenna and sent into the wireless channel;
在通信接收端,经过通信接收无线接收后,对通信信号相干解调,解调方式与调制方式一致;At the communication receiving end, after wireless reception by the communication receiving end, the communication signal is coherently demodulated, and the demodulation method is consistent with the modulation method;
在感知接收端,通过天线接收反射回来的测距信号;At the sensing receiving end, the reflected ranging signal is received through the antenna;
利用与本振信号混频得到的下变频信号驱动工作在最小偏置点的PDM-MZM调制器的子调制器MZM2,并利用第二光耦合器PM-OC2与WSS输出的-4阶边带光信号进行耦合;The down-converted signal obtained by mixing with the local oscillator signal is used to drive the sub-modulator MZM2 of the PDM-MZM modulator working at the minimum bias point, and the -4-order sideband optical signal output by the WSS is coupled by the second optical coupler PM-OC2;
第二光电探测器PD2接收第二光耦合器PM-OC2输出的耦合信号,拍频得到一个频率峰值,对两个目标分别发射LFM信号,计算两个频率峰值之差,可解出两目标之间的距离。The second photodetector PD2 receives the coupling signal output by the second optical coupler PM-OC2, obtains a frequency peak by beating the frequency, transmits LFM signals to the two targets respectively, calculates the difference between the two frequency peaks, and solves the distance between the two targets.
至此,该系统已完成感知测距与通信功能。At this point, the system has completed the perception, ranging and communication functions.
本发明相对于现有技术而言,是基于单个调制器和单个ECL利用光学外差拍频产生毫米波波段的时分复用LFM,MQAM信号,实现感知与通信设备硬件资源一体化,提高了硬件的集成度,同时也满足了未来频率更高的通信信号频段逐渐与雷达信号谱段重叠的趋势。Compared with the prior art, the present invention is based on a single modulator and a single ECL to generate time-division multiplexed LFM and MQAM signals in the millimeter wave band using optical heterodyne beat frequency, thereby realizing the integration of hardware resources of perception and communication equipment, improving the integration of hardware, and also meeting the trend that higher-frequency communication signal bands will gradually overlap with radar signal spectrum bands in the future.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是本发明的基于单个调制器的四倍频通信感知一体化传输系统架构图示。FIG1 is a diagram of the architecture of the quadruple frequency communication sensing integrated transmission system based on a single modulator of the present invention.
图中标号:1为激光发生器ECL,2为任意波形发生器AWG,3为光调制器PDM-MZM的子调制器MZM1,4为光调制器PDM-MZM的子调制器MZM2,5为光调制器PDM-MZM的90度偏振旋转器PR,6为光调制器PDM-MZM的偏振光束合路器PBC,7为偏振控制器PC,8为偏振分束器PBS,9为光纤布拉格光栅FBG,10为第一光耦合器PM-OC1,11为第一光电探测器PD1,12为发射天线HA1,13为通信接收天线HA2,14为本地振荡器ELO1,15为第一混频器,16为示波器OSC,17为波长选择开关WSS,18为第二混频器,19为本地振荡器ELO2,20为感知接收天线HA3,21为被测目标,22为第二光耦合器PM-OC2,23为第二光电探测器PD2,24为第三混频器,25为示波器OSC。The numbers in the figure are: 1 is a laser generator ECL, 2 is an arbitrary waveform generator AWG, 3 is a sub-modulator MZM1 of the optical modulator PDM-MZM, 4 is a sub-modulator MZM2 of the optical modulator PDM-MZM, 5 is a 90-degree polarization rotator PR of the optical modulator PDM-MZM, 6 is a polarization beam combiner PBC of the optical modulator PDM-MZM, 7 is a polarization controller PC, 8 is a polarization beam splitter PBS, 9 is a fiber Bragg grating FBG, 10 is a first optical coupler PM-OC1, 11 is the first photodetector PD1, 12 is the transmitting antenna HA1, 13 is the communication receiving antenna HA2, 14 is the local oscillator ELO1, 15 is the first mixer, 16 is the oscilloscope OSC, 17 is the wavelength selection switch WSS, 18 is the second mixer, 19 is the local oscillator ELO2, 20 is the sensing receiving antenna HA3, 21 is the target to be measured, 22 is the second optical coupler PM-OC2, 23 is the second photodetector PD2, 24 is the third mixer, and 25 is the oscilloscope OSC.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面结合附图,对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本发明提供的基于单个调制器的四倍频通信感知一体化传输系统,其架构参见图1,其中:The quadruple frequency communication perception integrated transmission system based on a single modulator provided by the present invention has an architecture as shown in FIG1 , wherein:
在发送端中,基于时分复用的LFM,MQAM信号由MATLAB编程生成,由于通信功能的MQAM信号是倍频的,在此阶段对MQAM信号进行预编码处理,然后上传到任意波形发生器(2)。任意波形发生器(2)产生的中频信号驱动光调制器的第一子调制器MZM1(3)对激光器(1)输出的光载波进行调制,产生偶数阶边带。光调制器PDM-MZM的偏振光束合路器PBC(6)将两个子调制器的两路信号合成偏振复用信号输出,偏振光束合路器PBC(6)输出的偏振复用信号经过偏振控制器(7)控制偏振态后被偏振分束器(8)分为两路,一路通过光纤布拉格光栅(9)抑制光载波后继续被第一光耦合器PM-OC1(10)分为两路,上路经过第一光电探测器PD1(11)拍频后,通过合适的发射天线(12)发射出去。At the transmitting end, based on the LFM of time division multiplexing, the MQAM signal is generated by MATLAB programming. Since the MQAM signal of the communication function is frequency-doubled, the MQAM signal is pre-coded at this stage and then uploaded to the arbitrary waveform generator (2). The intermediate frequency signal generated by the arbitrary waveform generator (2) drives the first sub-modulator MZM1 (3) of the optical modulator to modulate the optical carrier output by the laser (1) to generate even-order sidebands. The polarization beam combiner PBC (6) of the optical modulator PDM-MZM synthesizes the two signals of the two sub-modulators into a polarization multiplexing signal output. The polarization multiplexing signal output by the polarization beam combiner PBC (6) is divided into two paths by the polarization beam splitter (8) after the polarization state is controlled by the polarization controller (7). One path is suppressed by the fiber Bragg grating (9) and then further divided into two paths by the first optical coupler PM-OC1 (10). After the upper path passes through the first photodetector PD1 (11) for frequency beat, it is transmitted through a suitable transmitting antenna (12).
在通信接收端,毫米波信号被用于通信功能的W波段被通信接收天线(12)接收。利用第一混频器(15)将本地振荡器ELO1(14)产生的固定频率信号对通信信号进行下变频处理,解调方式与调制方式相对应,利用一系列数字信号处理恢复MQAM信号,并通过示波器(16)对信号进行接收。At the communication receiving end, the millimeter wave signal is received by the communication receiving antenna (12) in the W band used for the communication function. The fixed frequency signal generated by the local oscillator ELO1 (14) is down-converted by the first mixer (15), the demodulation method corresponds to the modulation method, the MQAM signal is restored by a series of digital signal processing, and the signal is received by the oscilloscope (16).
在感知接收端,通过感知接收天线(20)接收来自被测目标(21)的回波信号,在第二混频器(18)和本地振荡器ELO2(19)处完成信号的下变频,此时下变频信号传回光调制器PDM-MZM驱动第二子调制器MZM2(4)进行去啁啾,再经过90度偏振旋转器PR(5)后与第一子调制器MZM1(3)输出的信号经由偏振光束合路器PBC(6)合成偏振复用信号输出。发送端被第一光耦合器PM-OC1(10)分出的下路光信号经波长选择开关(17)选择出-4阶边带光信号后与偏振分束器(8)分出的下路信号在第二光耦合器PM-OC2(22)处耦合,再通过第二光电探测器PD2(23)拍频完成光电转换,经过第三混频器(24)下变频后通过OSC示波器(25)检测接收到的信号。At the sensing receiving end, the echo signal from the target (21) is received by the sensing receiving antenna (20), and the signal is down-converted at the second mixer (18) and the local oscillator ELO2 (19). At this time, the down-converted signal is transmitted back to the optical modulator PDM-MZM to drive the second sub-modulator MZM2 (4) to de-chirp, and then passes through the 90-degree polarization rotator PR (5) and the signal output by the first sub-modulator MZM1 (3) through the polarization beam combiner PBC (6) to synthesize the polarization multiplexing signal output. The downlink optical signal separated by the first optical coupler PM-OC1 (10) at the transmitting end is selected by a wavelength selection switch (17) to obtain a -4-order sideband optical signal, and then coupled with the downlink signal separated by the polarization beam splitter (8) at the second optical coupler PM-OC2 (22), and then the photoelectric conversion is completed through the beat frequency of the second photodetector PD2 (23), and the received signal is detected by the OSC oscilloscope (25) after down-conversion through the third mixer (24).
本领域的普通技术人员可以理解,上述实施方式是实现本发明的具体实施例,而在实际应用中,可以在形式上和细节上对其作各种改变,而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above embodiments are specific examples for implementing the present invention, and in actual applications, various changes may be made thereto in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
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