CN112327276B - Photon sampling chip oriented to microwave photon radar and application system thereof - Google Patents
Photon sampling chip oriented to microwave photon radar and application system thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/484—Transmitters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/4861—Circuits for detection, sampling, integration or read-out
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a photon sampling chip oriented to a microwave photon radar, and belongs to the technical field of microwave photons. The invention integrates the baseband signal photon sampling up-conversion function, the received signal photon band-pass sampling function and the reference and received light signal integrated fusion frequency-modulation function through a photon integration technology, and the photon integration component comprises: the optical fiber comprises a first 1 multiplied by 2 optical coupler, a first Mach-Zehnder modulator, a second 1 multiplied by 2 optical coupler, a high-frequency photoelectric detector, a second Mach-Zehnder modulator, a 2 multiplied by 1 optical coupler and a low-frequency photoelectric detector, wherein all photon components are connected through optical waveguides. The invention also discloses an application system based on the photon sampling chip, which can realize the generation and the reception of the radar signal with flexible and adjustable frequency band by photon sampling technology, and has compact and simple scheme, small volume, light weight and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photon sampling chip applied to a microwave photon radar, and belongs to the technical field of integrated microwave photons.
Background
Based on the urgent demands of emerging radar technology and novel situation awareness, the radar is developed towards high-frequency, broadband, real-time and multifunctional full-spectrum detection. Thanks to the rapid development of the microwave photon technology, the optical domain manipulation of microwave signals, such as photon transmission, photon mixing, photon sampling, photon true time delay, etc., provides new technical support for overcoming the bottleneck problem of traditional radar electronics and improving radar technical performance, and becomes a key enabling technology of the next generation radar (see [ J.Capmany, D.Novak, "Microwave photonics combines two worlds," Nature photonics, vol.1, no.6, pp.319-330,2007.] and [ j.mckiney, "Photonics illuminates the future of radar," Nature, vol.507, no.7492, pp.310-312,2014. ]). For example, photon sampling technology based on photon technology can realize sampling of microwave signals by utilizing high-repetition frequency light narrow pulses, and related technology is used in novel radar transmitting/receiving technology (see [ P.Ghelfi, F.Laghezza, F.Scotti, D.Onori, A.Bogoni, "Photonics for Radars Operating on Multiple Coherent Bands," Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol.34, no.2, pp.500-507,2016 ]), but in the current receiving scheme based on photon band-pass sampling, the repetition frequency of the light pulses is smaller, and the receivable signal bandwidth is limited; and the transmitting and receiving modules are separated, so that the complexity of the whole system is increased, and the stability of the system is reduced. In addition, the technology only realizes the frequency spectrum shifting of the signal, and still needs to meet the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) of the Nyquist sampling condition. High-speed ADC and high-speed signal processor are still needed when the broadband signal is sampled and processed, so that the real-time performance of the whole system is limited. The scheme for realizing up-conversion of transmitted signal photon sampling and bandpass sampling of received signal photons based on the polarization multiplexing electro-optical modulator solves the problems (see [ Guo Qingshui, chen Jiajia, the method and the system for detecting polarization multiplexing microwave photon radar based on photon sampling, application publication number: CN 111538028A, application time, 2020.07.07 ]), but the realization of the scheme is based on a special electro-optical modulator in the field of optical communication, so that an additional analyzer link is needed to perform polarization analysis identification on the polarization states of the transmitted light signal and the received light signal, resulting in irrational leakage of the polarization analysis caused by environmental disturbance, thereby affecting the stability of the system.
The invention provides a new solution, which is based on a single integrated photon sampling chip to realize photon sampling up-conversion of baseband signals and photon bandpass sampling down-conversion of received signals, and based on a photoelectric domain de-frequency modulation technology, finally obtaining intermediate frequency signals carrying target information; the integrated waveguide replaces a receiving and transmitting optical fiber link without polarization state control, and main functional components are integrated on a chip, so that the stability of the system is improved, and the scheme is simple and compact and has small volume.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the method overcomes the defects in the prior art, based on the sampling principle, the optical pulse signal is utilized to realize the sampling up-conversion of the baseband signal and the bandpass sampling down-conversion of the received signal, the wave band of the radar transmitting signal is flexible and adjustable, and the received signal can be subjected to real-time photon bandpass sampling and declassification. The radar signal generating and receiving functional components are integrated on the same chip, so that the system is compact and simple, high in stability, small in size and low in cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention specifically solves the technical problems as follows:
a photonic sampling chip for a microwave photonic radar, the photonic chip comprising the following photonic components: a first 1 x 2 optical coupler, a first Mach-Zehnder modulator, a second 1 x 2 optical coupler, a high frequency photodetector, a second Mach-Zehnder modulator, a 2 x 1 optical coupler, and a low frequency photodetector; the photon components are connected through optical waveguides; one output end of the first 1X 2 optical coupler is connected with the input end of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator, the output end of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator is connected with the input end of the second 1X 2 optical coupler, one output end of the second 1X 2 optical coupler is connected with the high-frequency photoelectric detector, the other output end of the second 1X 2 optical coupler is connected with one input end of the 2X 1 optical coupler, the other output end of the first 1X 2 optical coupler is connected with the input end of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator, the output end of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator is connected with the other input end of the 2X 1 optical coupler, and the output end of the 2X 1 optical coupler is connected with the low-frequency photoelectric detector; an external sampling optical pulse (optical frequency comb) is input from the input end of the first 1×2 optical coupler; the external baseband signal is input by the radio frequency input end of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator and modulates the optical pulse entering the first Mach-Zehnder modulator, so that photon sampling up-conversion of the baseband signal is realized; the high-frequency photoelectric detector is used for generating a high-frequency radar detection signal; the radar receiving signal is input by the radio frequency input end of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator and modulated into the optical pulse of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator, so that photon bandpass sampling of the receiving signal is realized; the photoelectric domain frequency-removing of the reference optical signal and the received optical signal is realized by a low-frequency photoelectric detector, and an intermediate frequency signal carrying target information is obtained.
Preferably, the first 1×2 optical coupler, the second 1×2 optical coupler, and the 2×1 optical coupler are multimode interference structures, or Y-branch structures, or directional coupler structures.
Preferably, the Mach-Zehnder modulator is integrated by silicon, lithium niobate, a III-V semiconductor, a silicon-III-V semiconductor mixture or graphene; wherein the frequency response bandwidth of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator is required to cover the frequency of the baseband signal and the frequency response bandwidth of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator is required to cover the frequency of the radar-received signal.
Further, the photodetector is integrated by silicon, or III-V material/graphene, or silicon nitride; the frequency response of the high-frequency photoelectric detector needs to cover the expected working frequency band of the radar, and the frequency response of the low-frequency photoelectric detector needs to cover all intermediate-frequency signals.
Further, the optical waveguide is integrated by adopting indium phosphide, or silicon, or a planar waveguide on silicon nitride, or lithium niobate.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the following technical scheme can be further obtained:
the photon sampling chip application system facing the microwave photon radar is characterized by comprising a pulse (frequency comb) laser source, an optical amplifier, a baseband signal source, a transmitting unit (comprising a band-pass filter, a power amplifier and a transmitting antenna), a receiving unit (comprising a receiving antenna and a low-noise amplifier), a signal acquisition and processing unit and the photon sampling chip; the pulse laser source is connected with the input end of the optical amplifier, the output end of the optical amplifier is connected with the input end of the first 1 multiplied by 2 optical coupler in an optical fiber waveguide coupling mode, the baseband signal source is connected with the radio frequency input end of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator, the transmitting unit is connected with the output end of the high-frequency photoelectric detector, the receiving unit is connected with the radio frequency input end of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the signal acquisition and processing unit is connected with the radio frequency output end of the low-frequency photoelectric detector.
Preferably, the pulse (frequency comb) laser source can be a mode-locked laser, a femtosecond laser, an optical frequency comb generator, a single-frequency signal external modulation electro-optical modulator or a single-frequency light source pumping micro resonant cavity.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The invention realizes the sampling of the baseband signal and the receiving signal based on the same optical pulse, and the transmitting and receiving optical signal is transmitted in the chip integrated waveguide without an optical fiber link, thereby ensuring the stability and coherence of the radar receiving/reference optical signal transmission.
2) The invention realizes the monolithic system integration of the functional device based on the new architecture of the radar, and compared with the prior general discrete photoelectric device, the invention can omit additional functional devices such as polarization sensitive optical polarization analyzer; thereby simplifying the system and improving the system stability.
3) The invention is based on the microwave photon integration technology, monolithically integrates Mach-Zehnder modulators required by photon sampling up-conversion and photon bandpass sampling, generates high-frequency detectors required by high-frequency detection signals and low-frequency detectors required by photoelectric de-modulation, and has a simple and compact scheme.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photon sampling chip according to the present invention; the reference numerals in the drawings are as follows: 1. a first 1×2 optocoupler, 2,2×1 optocouplers, 3, a second 1×2 optocoupler;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a radar application system based on a photon sampling chip according to the present invention; the reference numerals in the drawings are as follows: 1. the first 1 x 2 optical coupler, 2 x 1 optical coupler, 3, second 1 x 2 optical coupler, 4, band-pass filter, 5, power amplifier, 6, transmitting antenna, 7, receiving antenna, 8, low noise amplifier, 9, optical amplifier.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the thought of the invention is to generate a high-frequency-band and tunable linear frequency modulation radar transmitting signal based on a photon sampling up-conversion technology, realize high-frequency broadband echo signal receiving through a photon bandpass sampling down-conversion and declivity method, realize the functions on a single integrated module at the same time, and have the advantages of simple and compact system structure, good stability, flexible and adjustable radar working parameters and real-time and efficient signal processing.
The invention relates to a photon sampling chip facing a microwave photon radar, which is shown in figure 1, and comprises an integrated photon component, wherein the integrated photon component comprises: a first 1×2 optical coupler 1, a first mach-zehnder modulator (MZM 1), a second 1×2 optical coupler 3, a High Frequency Photodetector (HFPD), a second mach-zehnder modulator (MZM 2), a 2×1 optical coupler 2, and a Low Frequency Photodetector (LFPD); the photon components are connected through optical waveguides; the output end of the first 1X 2 optical coupler 1 is connected with the input end of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator, the output end of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator is connected with the input end of the second 1X 2 optical coupler 3, the output end of the second 1X 2 optical coupler 3 is connected with the high-frequency photoelectric detector, the output end of the second 1X 2 optical coupler 3 is connected with the input end of the 2X 1 optical coupler 2, the output end of the first 1X 2 optical coupler 1 is connected with the input end of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator, the output end of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator is connected with the input end of the 2X 1 optical coupler 2, and the output end of the 2X 1 optical coupler 2 is connected with the low-frequency photoelectric detector.
One embodiment of a photon sampling chip based radar application system is shown in fig. 2, comprising: a photon sampling chip, a pulse laser source, an optical amplifier 9, a baseband signal source (BS), a transmitting unit (comprising a band-pass filter 4, a power amplifier 5 and a transmitting antenna 6), a receiving unit (comprising a receiving antenna 7 and a low noise amplifier 8), and a signal collecting and processing unit (ADC & DSP).
The pulsed (frequency comb) laser source may be a mode-locked laser, a femtosecond laser, an optical frequency comb generator, a single-frequency signal external modulation electro-optical modulator, or a single-frequency light source pumping micro-resonant cavity, and a mode-locked laser (MLL) is preferred.
Firstly, an output signal of a mode-locked laser is sent to an optical amplifier 9 for amplification, an output end signal of the optical amplifier 9 is coupled into a first 1X 2 optical coupler 1 through an optical fiber-waveguide, a time domain of the output signal of the mode-locked laser is a periodic optical pulse, a frequency domain is an optical frequency comb, and a frequency domain frequency spectrum f Comb Can be expressed as:
f Comb ＝f C ±nf LO (1)
wherein n is a positive integer, f C For the deviation frequency f LO The optical frequency comb frequency interval is the reciprocal of the time domain pulse period. The optical signal output from the first 1 x 2 optical coupler 1 is sent to a first Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the frequency generated by the baseband signal source is f 0 A linear frequency modulation signal source of +kt (T is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to T) modulates an incoming optical pulse through a first Mach-Zehnder modulator to realize photon sampling, wherein f 0 The initial frequency of the linear frequency modulation signal, T is time, T is period, k is frequency modulation slope, at this time, the first Mach-Zehnder modulator outputs the instantaneous frequency f of the optical signal Comb_M (t) can be expressed as:
f Comb_M (t)＝f C ±[nf LO ±(f 0 +kt)](0≤t≤T) (2)
the output optical signal of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator enters the second 1 multiplied by 2 optical coupler 3 to be divided into two paths, the lower output optical signal of the second 1 multiplied by 2 optical coupler 2 is sent to the upper input end of the 2 multiplied by 1 optical coupler 2, the upper output optical signal of the second 1 multiplied by 2 optical coupler 3 enters the high-frequency photoelectric detector to complete photoelectric conversion and is sent to the band-pass filter 4 outside the chip to be filtered, and an up-converted linear frequency modulation signal is obtained, wherein the frequency is as follows:
f Comb_T (t)＝Nf LO +f 0 +kt(0≤t≤T) (3)
wherein the signal frequency band can be changed by changing the passband frequency of the bandpass filter 4, i.e. changing the size of N, the up-converted linear frequency modulation signal is amplified by the electric power amplifier 5 and then sent to the transmitting antenna 6, the signal is radiated into space by the transmitting antenna 6, the target echo signal is generated after encountering the detected target, the target echo signal is received by the receiving antenna 7 and sent to the low noise amplifier 8 for amplification, thus obtaining the radar receiving signal, and when the target is a single-point target, the frequency f of the receiving signal LFM_R (t) can be expressed as:
f LFM_R (t)＝Nf LO +f 0 +k(t-τ)(0≤t≤T) (4)
where τ is the delay of the received signal relative to the transmitted signal. The downlink output optical signal of the first 1×2 optical coupler 1 is sent to a second mach-zehnder modulator, the optical pulse signal sent to the second mach-zehnder modulator is modulated by a radar receiving signal, the photon bandpass sampling is realized, the receiving modulated optical signal is obtained, and the frequency f of the receiving modulated optical signal is used for receiving the optical signal Comb_MR (t) can be expressed as:
f Comb_MR (t)＝f C ±[nf LO ±(f 0 +k(t-τ))](0≤t≤T) (5)
and sending the received modulated optical signal to the lower input end of the 2X 1 optical coupler 2, combining the received modulated optical signal with the signal of the upper input end of the optical coupler to form a path, outputting the path from the output end, and sending the path to a low-frequency photoelectric detector, wherein the low-frequency photoelectric detector completes photoelectric conversion to obtain an intermediate-frequency signal kτ carrying target information. After analog-to-digital conversion of the intermediate frequency signal, information such as target distance, speed, scattering characteristics and the like can be obtained based on a radar signal processing algorithm.
Finally, it should be noted that the above list is only specific embodiments of the present invention. The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but many variations are possible. All modifications directly derived or suggested to one skilled in the art from the present disclosure should be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The photon sampling chip facing the microwave photon radar is characterized by comprising the following photon components: a first 1 x 2 optical coupler, a first Mach-Zehnder modulator, a second 1 x 2 optical coupler, a high frequency photodetector, a second Mach-Zehnder modulator, a 2 x 1 optical coupler, and a low frequency photodetector; the photon components are connected through optical waveguides; one output end of the first 1X 2 optical coupler is connected with the input end of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator, the output end of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator is connected with the input end of the second 1X 2 optical coupler, one output end of the second 1X 2 optical coupler is connected with the high-frequency photoelectric detector, the other output end of the second 1X 2 optical coupler is connected with one input end of the 2X 1 optical coupler, the other output end of the first 1X 2 optical coupler is connected with the input end of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator, the output end of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator is connected with the other input end of the 2X 1 optical coupler, and the output end of the 2X 1 optical coupler is connected with the low-frequency photoelectric detector; the external sampling light pulse is input from the input end of the first 1 x 2 optical coupler; the external baseband signal is input by the radio frequency input end of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator and modulates the optical pulse entering the first Mach-Zehnder modulator, so that photon sampling up-conversion of the baseband signal is realized; the high-frequency photoelectric detector is used for generating a high-frequency radar detection signal; the radar receiving signal is input by the radio frequency input end of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator and modulated into the optical pulse of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator, so that photon bandpass sampling of the receiving signal is realized; the photoelectric domain frequency-removing of the reference optical signal and the received optical signal is realized by a low-frequency photoelectric detector, and an intermediate frequency signal carrying target information is obtained.
2. The photonic sampling chip of claim 1, wherein the first 1 x 2 optical coupler, the second 1 x 2 optical coupler, and the 2 x 1 optical coupler are multimode interference structures, or Y-branch structures, or directional coupler structures.
3. The photon sampling chip according to claim 1, wherein the mach-zehnder modulator is silicon, or lithium niobate, or a group iii-v semiconductor, or a silicon-group iii-v semiconductor hybrid, or graphene integration; wherein the frequency response bandwidth of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator covers the frequency of the baseband signal and the frequency response bandwidth of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator covers the frequency of the radar-received signal.
4. The photon sampling chip according to claim 1, wherein the photodetector is integrated with silicon, or a group iii-v material/graphene, or silicon nitride; wherein the high frequency photodetector frequency response covers the radar's desired operating frequency band and the low frequency photodetector frequency response covers all intermediate frequency signals.
5. The photonic sampling chip of claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide is integrated with indium phosphide, or silicon, or a planar waveguide on silicon nitride, or lithium niobate.
6. A photon sampling chip application system facing a microwave photon radar, which is characterized by comprising a pulse laser source, an optical amplifier, a baseband signal source, a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, a signal acquisition and processing unit and the photon sampling chip as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5; the pulse laser source is connected with the input end of the optical amplifier, the output end of the optical amplifier is connected with the input end of the first 1 multiplied by 2 optical coupler in an optical fiber waveguide coupling mode, the baseband signal source is connected with the radio frequency input end of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator, the transmitting unit is connected with the output end of the high-frequency photoelectric detector, the receiving unit is connected with the radio frequency input end of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the signal acquisition and processing unit is connected with the radio frequency output end of the low-frequency photoelectric detector.
7. The application system of claim 6 wherein the pulsed laser source is a mode-locked laser, a femtosecond laser, an optical frequency comb generator, a single frequency signal external modulation electro-optic modulator, a single frequency light source pumped micro-resonator.
8. The application system according to claim 6, wherein the transmitting unit is composed of a band-pass filter, a power amplifier, and a transmitting antenna connected in sequence; the receiving unit consists of a receiving antenna and a low noise amplifier which are connected in sequence.
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| CN113114380B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-11-29 | 之江实验室 | Microwave photon radar detection method and system based on photon sampling and coherent reception |
| CN113132019B (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2022-04-29 | 西南交通大学 | External modulation type multi-channel cooperative simulation multi-dimensional microwave photon acquisition chip |
| CN113625274B (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2023-06-30 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Radar chip circuit based on microwave photon technology, radar system and imaging method |
| CN114280549B (en) * | 2021-12-26 | 2024-02-27 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | High-speed optical pulse generating device and method |
| CN114358271B (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-07-12 | 之江实验室 | Time-wavelength interweaving photon neural network convolution acceleration chip |
| CN115138405B (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2023-08-04 | 浙江大学 | Terahertz microfluidic system-on-chip for liquid-phase biological detection |
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