CN115939467B - Method for controlling water content of fuel cell stack in fuel cell system - Google Patents
Method for controlling water content of fuel cell stack in fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115939467B CN115939467B CN202310071728.2A CN202310071728A CN115939467B CN 115939467 B CN115939467 B CN 115939467B CN 202310071728 A CN202310071728 A CN 202310071728A CN 115939467 B CN115939467 B CN 115939467B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- characteristic curve
- stack
- water content
- cell stack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 200
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1C=CC(C(O)=O)=C[C@H]1O HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013486 operation strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009295 sperm incapacitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a control method of water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system, which comprises the steps of determining at least one characteristic curve according to the water content change requirement of the fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system; the characteristic curve represents the variation relation of the output voltage of the fuel cell stack along with the output current; the electric power control subsystem monitors the output voltage and current of the electric pile in real time, and automatically adjusts the output electric energy of the electric pile, so that the output voltage and current of the electric pile are kept in the characteristic curve; when the water content of the electric pile is required to be improved, the voltage value of the characteristic curve is reduced; when the water content of the electric pile is required to be reduced, the voltage value of the characteristic curve is improved. Under the definite working condition, the lower the voltage of the characteristic curve is, the larger the output current of the electric pile is, and the more water is generated, so that the water content of the electric pile is improved; conversely, the higher the characteristic voltage, the smaller the stack output current, and the less water is produced, thus reducing the stack water content.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a control method for the water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system.
Background
The fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack, an anode air supply subsystem, a cathode air supply subsystem, a cooling management subsystem and the like for controlling the reaction working condition parameters of the fuel cell, and an electric power control subsystem for controlling the output electric energy of the fuel cell. Humidity during operation of the fuel cell stack affects the overall performance of the stack and needs to be maintained at a suitable level. The improper operating condition parameters of the fuel cell can cause too low or too high water content in the electric pile, and the phenomenon of overdry or flooding of the membrane electrode can occur, so that the performance of the electric pile is reduced.
In the prior art, the cathode gas supply subsystem, the anode gas supply subsystem and the cooling management subsystem jointly control specific working condition parameters of fluids such as anode gas supply, cathode gas supply, cooling liquid and the like of the fuel cell stack, and the electric power control subsystem controls the output current and the water content of the fuel cell stack by adopting a target current control strategy, so that the water content of the fuel cell stack is controlled. However, the cathode air supply subsystem, the anode air supply subsystem and the cooling management subsystem are in coordination with the power control subsystem, so that the variable load rate is low, and the output power change response is slow.
In order to improve the dynamic response speed of the output power change of the fuel cell system, a characteristic curve control strategy is provided, namely, a characteristic curve of the change relation of the output voltage of the fuel cell stack along with the output current is firstly set, and the electric control subsystem monitors the output voltage and the output current of the stack in real time and automatically adjusts the output electric energy of the stack, so that the output voltage and the output current of the stack are kept on the characteristic curve. However, the control strategy only ensures the relation between the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell stack, and does not directly control the output current of the fuel cell stack on the target current, so that the output current, the water generation amount and the water content of the fuel cell stack cannot be directly controlled as in the prior art.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a new solution for controlling the water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system for a characteristic control strategy that increases the output dynamic response speed of the fuel cell system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for controlling the water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system, based on a characteristic curve control strategy, which is applied to a process of operating water balance of the fuel cell stack.
The embodiment of the specification provides the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the present specification provides a method for controlling a water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system, the method for controlling a water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system including:
determining at least one characteristic; the characteristic curve represents the change relation of the output voltage of the fuel cell stack along with the output current under the control of the power control subsystem along with the change of working conditions; the electric power control subsystem monitors the output voltage and current of the electric pile in real time, and automatically adjusts the output electric energy of the electric pile, so that the output voltage and current of the electric pile are kept on the characteristic curve;
performing an up-shift or down-shift operation on the characteristic curve according to the stack water content change requirement in the fuel cell system; the characteristic curve is moved upwards to improve the output voltage of the fuel cell stack, so that the output current of the fuel cell stack is reduced, the generated water is reduced, the water content of the stack is reduced, or the characteristic curve is moved downwards to reduce the output voltage of the fuel cell stack, so that the output current of the fuel cell stack is improved, the generated water is increased, and the water content of the stack is improved;
wherein the upward-shifting characteristic curve has a higher fuel cell stack output voltage than the current characteristic curve; the downshifting characteristic has a lower fuel cell stack output voltage than the current characteristic.
The embodiment of the present specification also provides a control device for a water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system, the control device for a water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system including:
the acquisition module is used for determining at least one characteristic curve; the characteristic curve represents the change relation of the output voltage of the fuel cell stack along with the output current under the control of the power control subsystem along with the change of working conditions; the electric power control subsystem monitors the output voltage and current of the electric pile in real time, and automatically adjusts the output electric energy of the electric pile, so that the output voltage and current of the electric pile are kept on the characteristic curve;
the operation module is used for performing upward movement or downward movement operation on the characteristic curve according to the change requirement of the water content of the electric pile in the fuel cell system; the characteristic curve is moved upwards to improve the output voltage of the fuel cell stack, so that the output current of the fuel cell stack is reduced, the generated water is reduced, the water content of the stack is reduced, or the characteristic curve is moved downwards to reduce the output voltage of the fuel cell stack, so that the output current of the fuel cell stack is improved, the generated water is increased, and the water content of the stack is improved;
wherein the upward-shifting characteristic curve has a higher fuel cell stack output voltage than the current characteristic curve; the downshifting characteristic has a lower fuel cell stack output voltage than the current characteristic.
The embodiment of the present specification also provides a control system for the water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program, where the computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor runs the computer program to execute the control method for the water content of the fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system in any one of the embodiments of the present specification.
The embodiments of the present specification also provide a readable storage medium storing a computer program for implementing a method for controlling the water content of a fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system according to any one of the embodiments of the present specification when the computer program is executed by a processor.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects that above-mentioned at least one technical scheme that this description embodiment adopted can reach include at least:
the fuel cell system has the advantage of high response speed of output power change based on a characteristic curve operation control mode, and changes the output voltage and current of the electric pile by performing an up-shift or down-shift operation on the current characteristic curve so that the output voltage and current of the electric pile operate on an up/down-shift characteristic curve generated in real time. When the water content of the electric pile is required to be improved, the voltage value of the characteristic curve is reduced; when the water content of the electric pile is required to be reduced, the voltage value of the characteristic curve is improved, and under the condition of no need of changing specific working condition parameters of fluids such as anode air supply, cathode air supply, cooling liquid and the like, the change of the output current of the electric pile and consumed reactants is realized, so that the actual air supply metering ratio and the like are influenced, and the adjustment of the water content of the electric pile is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of various subsystems associated with the operation of a fuel cell stack in accordance with the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of various characteristics of the operation of a fuel cell stack in accordance with the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of controlling the water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control apparatus for fuel cell stack water content in a fuel cell system according to the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a control system of a water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system according to the present application.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Other advantages and effects of the present application will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present application with reference to specific examples. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the application. The application may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present application. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
It is noted that various aspects of the embodiments are described below within the scope of the following claims. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure and/or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the present disclosure, one skilled in the art will appreciate that one aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspect, and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, apparatus may be implemented and/or methods practiced using any number and aspects set forth herein. In addition, such apparatus may be implemented and/or such methods practiced using other structure and/or functionality in addition to one or more of the aspects set forth herein.
It should also be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic concept of the present application by way of illustration, and only the components related to the present application are shown in the drawings and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
In addition, in the following description, specific details are provided in order to provide a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced without these specific details.
The existing characteristic curve control strategy for improving the dynamic response speed of the output power change of the fuel cell system is to firstly set a characteristic curve of the change relation of the output voltage of a fuel cell electric pile along with the output current, and the electric control subsystem monitors the output voltage and the output current of the electric pile in real time and automatically adjusts the output electric energy of the electric pile so that the output voltage and the output current of the electric pile are kept on the characteristic curve. However, the control strategy only ensures the relation between the output voltage and the output current of the fuel cell stack, and does not directly control the output current of the fuel cell stack on the target current, so that the output current, the water generation amount and the water content of the fuel cell stack cannot be directly controlled.
In view of this problem, the present embodiment proposes a control scheme of the water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system: the fuel cell system operates based on a characteristic curve control strategy, a specific characteristic curve is generated in real time according to the change requirement of the water content of the electric pile in the operation process of the fuel cell system, and the electric power control subsystem executes the characteristic curve control strategy according to the characteristic curve generated in real time, namely, monitors the voltage and the current output by the electric pile in real time, and keeps the voltage and the current output by the electric pile on the characteristic curve generated in real time (see the up-shift/down-shift characteristic curve in fig. 2) by adjusting the electric pile output electric energy.
Therefore, when the water content of the electric pile needs to be increased, the voltage value of the characteristic curve is reduced; when the water content of the electric pile is required to be reduced, the voltage value of the characteristic curve is improved. Under the normal operation condition of the fuel cell stack, namely, various working condition parameters are enough to meet the energy supply of the output voltage and current of the stack in the operation process of the fuel cell system, the various working condition parameters are not required to be adjusted, the lower the voltage of the characteristic curve is, the larger the output current of the fuel cell stack is, the more water is generated, and therefore the water content of the fuel cell stack is improved; conversely, the higher the characteristic voltage, the smaller the fuel cell stack output current, the less water is produced, thereby reducing the stack water content.
When the water content change requirement of the electric pile is kept unchanged, the currently adopted characteristic curve does not need to be adjusted, the electric power control subsystem monitors the voltage and the current output by the electric pile in real time, and the voltage and the current output by the fuel cell electric pile are kept on the current characteristic curve by adjusting the electric pile to output electric energy.
Therefore, under the control strategy of the characteristic curve, the output voltage and current of the fuel cell stack can rapidly respond along with the rapid change of anode gas supply, cathode gas supply and cooling liquid, and the characteristic curve which is required to be met by the output voltage and current of the fuel cell stack is generated in real time according to the change requirement of the water content of the stack, so that the water generation rate and the water content of the stack can be controlled and regulated, and the water content of the stack is regulated. The fuel cell system of the embodiment of the specification adopts a characteristic curve control strategy to realize the quick response of dynamic change of output power, aims at the problem that the control method can not directly control the output current value and adjust the water content of the fuel cell stack, and realizes the adjustment of the output current, the consumption rate of reactants and the water generation rate of the fuel cell stack by moving the characteristic curve upwards/downwards, thereby realizing the adjustment of the water content in the fuel cell stack.
The following describes the technical scheme provided by each embodiment of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 3, a method for controlling the water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes steps S310 to S320. Step S310, determining at least one characteristic curve; the characteristic curve represents the change relation of the output voltage of the fuel cell stack along with the output current under the control of the power control subsystem along with the change of working conditions; the electric power control subsystem monitors the output voltage and current of the electric pile in real time, and automatically adjusts the output electric energy of the electric pile, so that the output voltage and current of the electric pile are kept on the characteristic curve. Step 320, performing an up-shift or down-shift operation on the characteristic curve according to the stack water content change requirement in the fuel cell system; the characteristic curve is moved upwards to improve the output voltage of the fuel cell stack, so that the output current of the fuel cell stack is reduced, the generated water is reduced, the water content of the stack is reduced, or the characteristic curve is moved downwards to reduce the output voltage of the fuel cell stack, so that the output current of the fuel cell stack is improved, the generated water is increased, and the water content of the stack is improved; wherein the upward-shifting characteristic curve has a higher fuel cell stack output voltage than the current characteristic curve; the downshifting characteristic has a lower fuel cell stack output voltage than the current characteristic.
Specifically, the fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack and an anode gas supply subsystem for supplying hydrogen gas to the fuel cell stack as fuel, wherein the subsystem comprises a hydrogen supply valve (serving as a supply source of high-pressure hydrogen gas), a circulating pump or an ejector (re-delivering the residual hydrogen discharged from the anode into the stack for recycling), a water-vapor separator (separating liquid water drops in anode tail gas and protecting the normal operation of the circulating pump or the ejector) and a one-way valve (limiting the backflow of the high-pressure hydrogen gas from the circulating pump to the water-vapor separator and ensuring anode gas); a cathode air supply subsystem for supplying air as an oxidant to a fuel cell stack, the subsystem comprising an air compressor (serving as a supply source of compressed air), an intercooler (cooling the air heated under pressure), a humidifier (utilizing the hot and humid air discharged by the stack to increase the humidity of the air entering the stack so as to enable the stack membrane electrode to operate under proper humidity conditions, thereby improving the operating performance and service life of the stack) and a back pressure valve (limiting exhaust emission so as to improve the cathode pressure and the operating performance of the stack); a cooling management subsystem for providing cooling liquid to a fuel cell stack to control the operating temperature of the stack, the subsystem comprising a cooling pump (as a power source for circulating the cooling liquid), a proportional valve (distributing the high-temperature cooling liquid discharged from the stack to a deionizer and a radiator), a deionizer (adsorbing impurity ions in the cooling liquid by using materials such as ion exchange resin, etc. to reduce the ion concentration in the cooling liquid and reduce the corrosiveness and conductivity of the cooling liquid in the system), a heat dissipating row and a heat dissipating fan (the heat dissipating fan drives air to flow through the heat dissipating row to cool the high-temperature cooling liquid flowing in the heat dissipating row, and then returns to the cooling pump to provide cooling for the stack). In some embodiments, the power control subsystem is a fuel cell stack output dc transformer, employing switching DCDC.
Based on each subsystem for adjusting the relation of the water content of the electric pile in the fuel cell system, the electric control subsystem monitors the voltage and the current output by the electric pile in real time, and automatically adjusts the electric energy output by the electric pile, so that the voltage and the current output by the electric pile are kept on a characteristic curve, and the characteristic curve represents the change relation of the output voltage of the electric pile of the fuel cell along with the output current under the control of the electric control subsystem along with the change of working conditions.
The electric energy output by the electrochemical reaction in the electric pile is related to working condition parameters such as reactant concentration, catalyst state, reaction pressure and the like in the working condition, and the same electric pile adopts different working condition parameters, so that the voltage or current output by the electric pile can be changed. In some embodiments fuel cell stack operation employs different metering ratios, resulting in a change in stack output voltage and current. Therefore, the change of the metering ratio of the operation of the electric pile can be realized through the characteristic curves of different voltage and current points.
Therefore, the embodiment of the specification automatically judges that the water content of the electric pile needs to be reduced/increased according to the control instruction of the fuel cell system or the operation process of the fuel cell system based on the operation mode of the characteristic curve, namely, the requirement of the water content of the electric pile in the fuel cell system changes, the current characteristic curve is subjected to upward movement or downward movement operation, an upward movement characteristic curve or a downward movement characteristic curve is generated in real time, and the output voltage of the electric pile of the fuel cell is increased by upward movement of the characteristic curve, so that the output current of the electric pile of the fuel cell is reduced, the water content of the electric pile is reduced, or the characteristic curve is moved downward, the output voltage of the electric pile of the fuel cell is reduced, so that the output current of the electric pile of the fuel cell is increased, the water is increased, and the water content of the electric pile is increased. In some embodiments, a relatively low frequency is adopted to adjust a characteristic curve, so that the characteristic curve is moved up or down, the output current of the electric pile and consumed reactants are changed under the condition that specific working condition parameters of fluids such as anode gas supply, cathode gas supply and cooling liquid are not required to be changed, the actual gas supply metering ratio is affected, and the water content of the electric pile is adjusted.
As in the example of fig. 2, if the current characteristic is a reference characteristic, performing the up-shift or down-shift operation on the reference characteristic may generate an up-shift characteristic or a down-shift characteristic in real time: the upward-shifting characteristic curve has high voltage relative to the current characteristic curve, so that the output current of the electric pile is reduced, and the generated water quantity is reduced; the downshifting characteristic curve has a low voltage with respect to the current characteristic curve, so that the stack output current increases, thereby increasing the amount of generated water.
In some embodiments, the shifting up or down of the characteristic curve according to stack moisture content variation requirements in the fuel cell system includes: if the fuel cell system is set to reduce the water content of the stack, an upward movement characteristic curve is generated in real time according to the current characteristic curve, the upward movement reference characteristic curve and the upward movement degree. Alternatively, if the fuel cell system is set to increase the stack water content, a downshifting characteristic curve is generated in real time based on the current characteristic curve, the downshifting reference characteristic curve, and the downshifting degree.
In some embodiments, for the aims of long-time stable operation, high-performance output, high-reliability operation and low-cost maintenance of the galvanic pile, under the preset working condition, the influences of operation strategies and parameters are considered, and the obtained current characteristic curve is optimized through the operation and debugging results of the test sample on the test bench, such as a reference characteristic curve F in reference to FIG. 2. The reference characteristic curve corresponds to a change range of the output current of the electric pile of 0-100%, and corresponds to a change range of the output voltage of the electric pile of 400-300V, wherein the expression is V=F=aI+b, and a and b are coefficients. In other embodiments, the current characteristic may not be the reference characteristic, but may correspond to a characteristic under definite operating conditions.
Based on the relation of the change of the characteristic curve corresponding to the output voltage and the output current of the electric pile, if the fuel cell system is set to reduce the water content of the electric pile, the generation of an upward movement characteristic curve is realized according to the reference characteristic curve, the upward movement reference characteristic curve and the upward movement degree. Specifically, under the condition that the working condition is not changed, the current characteristic curve is subjected to upward movement operation, and the fuel cell stack output voltage is increased, the output current is reduced and the generated water is reduced by upward movement of the characteristic curve to the upward movement characteristic curve generated in real time. The up-shift reference characteristic has the highest fuel cell stack output voltage, which is found through extensive experimentation and characteristic operation rules, as described in detail below. The upward travel degree comprises the deviation degree of the output voltage/current of the pile corresponding to the reference characteristic curve and the upward reference characteristic curve in the process of performing upward travel operation on the characteristic curve.
In some embodiments, an upward movement reference characteristic curve U required for generating an upward movement characteristic curve in real time is obtained by optimizing operation and debugging results of a test sample on a test bench based on operation characteristics of the electric pile, aiming at the electric pile, rapidly and effectively reducing water content, and simultaneously limiting design targets influencing the performance and reliability of the electric pile. In this example, the variation range of the output current of the electric pile is 0-100%, the corresponding output voltage of the electric pile is on the upward-shifting reference characteristic curve U, the corresponding expression v=u=ci+d, and the range is 420-330V; c. d is a coefficient.
If the fuel cell system is set to increase the stack water content, a downshifting characteristic curve is generated in real time based on the reference characteristic curve, the downshifting reference characteristic curve, and the downshifting degree. Specifically, under the condition that the working condition is not changed, the current characteristic curve is subjected to downward movement operation, and the output voltage of the fuel cell stack is reduced, the output current is increased and the generated water is increased by downward moving the characteristic curve to the downward movement characteristic curve generated in real time. Similarly, the downshifting reference profile has the lowest fuel cell stack output voltage, which is found through extensive experimentation and the law of performance curve operation, as described in detail below. The degree of downshifting includes the degree of deviation of the output voltage/current of the stack relative to the reference characteristic and the downshifting reference characteristic during the downshifting operation of the characteristic.
Similarly, in this example, the variation range of the stack output current is 0 to 100%, and the corresponding stack output voltage is on the downshifting reference characteristic curve D, which corresponds to the expression v=d=ei+f, which ranges from 380 to 270V; e. f is a coefficient.
Thus, during operation of the stack, the target humidity value is R0 (65% in this example), the measured value is R1 (e.g., 30-90%), the deviation coefficient is defined as θ=0.2 (R1-65%), and the deviation coefficient is merely indicative of the relative change of humidity, and is not limited to a specific value. When the relative humidity of the operation of the electric pile is changed, when theta is more than 0, the current characteristic curve is upwards moved to a upwards-moving characteristic curve S2 generated in real time, specifically S2=U theta+F (1-theta), which is higher than the reference characteristic curve F, so that smaller output current is realized, the water generated in the electric pile is reduced, and the relative humidity of the electric pile is reduced;
when θ <0, the current characteristic curve is shifted down to a shift-down characteristic curve S2 generated in real time, specifically s2=d|θ|+f (1- |θ|), which is lower than the reference characteristic curve F, so as to achieve a larger output current, and increase the moisture generated inside the galvanic pile, thereby improving the relative humidity thereof.
In some embodiments, an up-shift reference characteristic and a down-shift reference characteristic are determined by operating the fuel cell system at each of the predetermined operating conditions; the up-shift reference characteristic curve and the down-shift reference characteristic curve limit the range of the change relation of the output voltage of the electric pile corresponding to each characteristic curve along with the output current, wherein the up-shift reference characteristic curve has the highest electric pile output voltage, and the down-shift reference characteristic curve has the lowest electric pile output voltage.
Specifically, according to various different preset working conditions of the electrochemical reaction of the electric pile, the highest and lowest operating ranges of the output voltage of the electric pile can be determined, and based on the fact that the output current and the voltage of the electric pile accord with the characteristic curve rule, a characteristic curve corresponding to the highest output voltage of the electric pile exists, such as an up-shift reference characteristic curve; at the same time, there is a corresponding characteristic curve of the lowest output voltage of the pile, and the reference characteristic curve is shifted downwards. And determining that a plurality of characteristic curves corresponding to the output voltage and the current of the electric pile can be generated between the upward movement reference characteristic curve and the downward movement reference characteristic curve through experiments.
In some embodiments, the preset working condition corresponding to the output voltage and current of the electric pile comprises each working condition parameter of the operation of the electric pile, wherein the working condition parameters comprise the air supply pressure, flow, temperature, humidity and components corresponding to the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell respectively, and parameters such as the temperature, flow, conductivity and components of the cooling liquid.
Specifically, the electric energy output by the electrochemical reaction of the electric pile is related to operation working condition parameters, under the definite operation working condition of the electric pile, the working condition parameters are set to be sufficient energy supply, and the operation rule of the electric pile output voltage and current according with a characteristic curve is maintained, namely the operation rule that the electric pile output voltage and current cannot meet the characteristic curve due to the fact that the corresponding setting quantity of a certain working condition parameter is insufficient is avoided. Therefore, under the condition that the operation of the electric pile is sufficient corresponding to the preset working condition, if the water content requirement of the electric pile is changed, the characteristic curve is subjected to upward movement or downward movement operation, so that the difference of reactants consumed by the electric pile is realized, the metering ratio is changed, and the change of the water content of the electric pile is realized. Specifically, an upward/downward characteristic curve is generated in real time, and the fuel cell stack output voltage is increased by moving the characteristic curve upward, so that the fuel cell stack output current is reduced, the generated water is reduced, the stack water content is reduced, or the characteristic curve is moved downward, the fuel cell stack output voltage is reduced, so that the fuel cell stack output current is increased, the generated water is increased, and the stack water content is improved.
In some embodiments, the power control subsystem monitors stack output voltage and current in real time and maintains the stack output voltage and current on the characteristic curves as the characteristic curves are shifted up or down with the cathode gas supply subsystem, the anode gas supply subsystem, and the cooling management subsystem operating conditions unchanged.
Specifically, when the operation working conditions of the cathode gas supply subsystem, the anode gas supply subsystem and the cooling management subsystem are not required to be changed, the characteristic curve is moved up or down, the voltage and the current output by the electric pile are monitored in real time through the electric control subsystem and are kept on a characteristic curve generated in real time, and the characteristic curve can be the upward movement characteristic curve or the downward movement characteristic curve. The voltage-current change relation on the characteristic curve also meets the condition that the up-shift reference characteristic curve and the down-shift reference characteristic curve correspond to the highest and lowest voltage operation ranges.
In the case that the operating conditions of the cathode gas supply subsystem, the anode gas supply subsystem and the cooling management subsystem are not changed, such as the same gas supply amount and gas supply composition, as shown in fig. 2, the operating conditions do not cause the incapacitation of the voltage and current output of the electric pile. When the characteristic curve is moved up or down, the voltage and current points output by the pile move along the equal condition curve shown in fig. 2 and are kept on an up or down characteristic curve generated in real time, namely, the intersection point of the equal condition curve and the characteristic curve generated in real time. If the intersection point of the upward movement characteristic curve and the equal condition curve moves relatively to the upper left, the voltage relatively rises, the current relatively decreases, and the generated water quantity decreases; under the same air supply amount and air supply composition, the reactor metering ratio of the electric pile becomes larger, the generated water amount is reduced, and the air inflow is not increased, and the air displacement is increased, so that the water displacement is increased, and the reduction of the relative humidity of the electric pile is realized. If the intersection point of the downward movement characteristic curve and the equal condition curve moves to the right and downward, the voltage is relatively reduced, the current is relatively increased, and the generated water quantity is increased; under the same air supply amount and air supply composition, the reactor metering ratio becomes smaller, the generated water amount is increased, and the air intake amount is not increased, so that the air displacement is reduced, the water displacement is reduced, and the increase of the relative humidity of the reactor is realized. The pile water content operation adjusting process can realize the change of the pile water content only through the setting change of the electric power control subsystem without changing the working condition parameters in the operation of the fuel cell pile.
Even if the pile is under different operation working conditions such as air supply quantity, the pile is only in a definite and sufficient air supply environment, the characteristic curve is moved up or down, the relative lifting voltage and pile output current are reduced, the generated water is reduced, and therefore the pile water content is reduced. The voltage is relatively reduced, the output current of the electric pile is increased, and the more water is generated, so that the water content of the electric pile is improved.
As illustrated in fig. 4, a control device 40 for a water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes:
an acquisition module 41 for determining at least one characteristic; the characteristic curve represents the change relation of the output voltage of the fuel cell stack along with the output current under the control of the power control subsystem along with the change of working conditions; the electric power control subsystem monitors the output voltage and current of the electric pile in real time, and automatically adjusts the output electric energy of the electric pile, so that the output voltage and current of the electric pile are kept on the characteristic curve;
an operation module 42, configured to perform an up-shift or a down-shift operation on the characteristic curve according to a stack moisture content change requirement in the fuel cell system; the characteristic curve is moved upwards to improve the output voltage of the fuel cell stack, so that the output current of the fuel cell stack is reduced, the generated water is reduced, the water content of the stack is reduced, or the characteristic curve is moved downwards to reduce the output voltage of the fuel cell stack, so that the output current of the fuel cell stack is improved, the generated water is increased, and the water content of the stack is improved;
wherein the upward-shifting characteristic curve has a higher fuel cell stack output voltage than the current characteristic curve; the downshifting characteristic has a lower fuel cell stack output voltage than the current characteristic.
The apparatus of the embodiment shown in fig. 4 may be correspondingly used to perform the steps in the embodiment of the method shown in fig. 3, and the implementation principle and technical effects are similar, and are not repeated here.
The control system 50 of the fuel cell stack water content in the fuel cell system as exemplified in fig. 5 may include: a processor 51, a memory 52 and a computer program; the memory is used for storing the computer program, and the memory can also be a flash memory (flash). Such as application programs, functional modules, etc. implementing the methods described above. And the processor is used for executing the computer program stored in the memory to realize each step executed by the equipment in the method. Reference may be made in particular to the description of the embodiments of the method described above.
In the alternative, the memory may be separate or integrated with the processor.
When the memory is a device separate from the processor, the apparatus may further include:
a bus 53 for connecting the memory and the processor.
The present application also provides a readable storage medium having stored therein a computer program for implementing the methods provided by the various embodiments described above when executed by a processor.
The readable storage medium may be a computer storage medium or a communication medium. Communication media includes any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Computer storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. For example, a readable storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the readable storage medium. In the alternative, the readable storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the readable storage medium may reside in an application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuits, ASIC for short). In addition, the ASIC may reside in a user device. The processor and the readable storage medium may reside as discrete components in a communication device. The readable storage medium may be read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), CD-ROMs, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical data storage device, etc.
It is noted that the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and claims of the application and in the foregoing figures, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the application described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.
The same and similar parts of the embodiments in this specification are all mutually referred to, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the product embodiments described later, since they correspond to the methods, the description is relatively simple, and reference is made to the description of parts of the system embodiments.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present application, and the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present application should be included in the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the application is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of controlling a water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system, the method comprising:
determining at least one characteristic; the characteristic curve represents the change relation of the output voltage of the fuel cell stack along with the output current under the control of the power control subsystem along with the change of working conditions; the electric power control subsystem monitors the output voltage and current of the electric pile in real time, and automatically adjusts the output electric energy of the electric pile, so that the output voltage and current of the electric pile are kept on the characteristic curve;
performing an up-shift or down-shift operation on the characteristic curve according to the stack water content change requirement in the fuel cell system; the characteristic curve is moved upwards to improve the output voltage of the fuel cell stack, so that the output current of the fuel cell stack is reduced, the generated water is reduced, the water content of the stack is reduced, or the characteristic curve is moved downwards to reduce the output voltage of the fuel cell stack, so that the output current of the fuel cell stack is improved, the generated water is increased, and the water content of the stack is improved;
wherein the upward-shifting characteristic curve has a higher fuel cell stack output voltage than the current characteristic curve; the downshifting characteristic has a lower fuel cell stack output voltage than the current characteristic.
2. The method for controlling the water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the shifting up or down of the characteristic curve according to the stack water content variation demand in the fuel cell system comprises:
if the fuel cell system is set to reduce the water content of the electric pile, generating an upward movement characteristic curve in real time according to the reference characteristic curve, the upward movement reference characteristic curve and the upward movement degree;
alternatively, if the fuel cell system is set to increase the stack water content, a downward movement characteristic is generated in real time based on the reference characteristic, the downward movement reference characteristic, and the degree of downward movement.
3. The method of controlling the water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein an upward-shifting reference characteristic and a downward-shifting reference characteristic are determined by operating the fuel cell system in respective preset operating conditions; the upward movement reference characteristic curve and the downward movement reference characteristic curve limit the range of the change relation of the stack output voltage corresponding to each characteristic curve along with the stack output current, wherein the upward movement reference characteristic curve has the highest fuel cell stack output voltage, and the downward movement reference characteristic curve has the lowest fuel cell stack output voltage.
4. A method of controlling the water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system according to claim 3, wherein the preset operating conditions corresponding to the output voltage and current of the stack include operating parameters of the stack, wherein the operating parameters include the air supply pressure, flow rate, temperature, humidity and composition corresponding to the anode and cathode of the fuel cell, respectively, and further include the temperature, flow rate, conductivity and composition of the coolant.
5. A method of controlling the water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system according to claim 3, wherein the characteristic curve is shifted up or down in real time without changing the operating conditions of the cathode gas supply subsystem, the anode gas supply subsystem and the cooling management subsystem, and the power control subsystem monitors the voltage and current outputted from the stack in real time and maintains the voltage and current on the characteristic curve.
6. A control apparatus for a water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system, characterized in that the control apparatus for a water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system comprises:
the acquisition module is used for determining at least one characteristic curve; the characteristic curve represents the change relation of the output voltage of the fuel cell stack along with the output current under the control of the power control subsystem along with the change of working conditions; the electric power control subsystem monitors the output voltage and current of the electric pile in real time, and automatically adjusts the output electric energy of the electric pile, so that the output voltage and current of the electric pile are kept on the characteristic curve;
the operation module is used for performing upward movement or downward movement operation on the characteristic curve according to the change requirement of the water content of the electric pile in the fuel cell system; the characteristic curve is moved upwards to improve the output voltage of the fuel cell stack, so that the output current of the fuel cell stack is reduced, the generated water is reduced, the water content of the stack is reduced, or the characteristic curve is moved downwards to reduce the output voltage of the fuel cell stack, so that the output current of the fuel cell stack is improved, the generated water is increased, and the water content of the stack is improved;
wherein the upward-shifting characteristic curve has a higher fuel cell stack output voltage than the current characteristic curve; the downshifting characteristic has a lower fuel cell stack output voltage than the current characteristic.
7. The control apparatus for fuel cell stack moisture content in a fuel cell system according to claim 6, wherein the shifting up or down of the characteristic curve according to the stack moisture content change demand in the fuel cell system comprises:
if the fuel cell system is set to reduce the water content of the electric pile, generating an upward movement characteristic curve in real time according to the reference characteristic curve, the upward movement reference characteristic curve and the upward movement degree;
alternatively, if the fuel cell system is set to increase the stack water content, a downward movement characteristic is generated in real time based on the reference characteristic, the downward movement reference characteristic, and the degree of downward movement.
8. The control apparatus for fuel cell stack water content in a fuel cell system according to claim 7, wherein an upward-shifting reference characteristic and a downward-shifting reference characteristic are determined by operating the fuel cell system in respective preset operating conditions; the upward movement reference characteristic curve and the downward movement reference characteristic curve limit the range of the change relation of the stack output voltage corresponding to each characteristic curve along with the stack output current, wherein the upward movement reference characteristic curve has the highest fuel cell stack output voltage, and the downward movement reference characteristic curve has the lowest fuel cell stack output voltage.
9. A control system for the water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, the processor running the computer program to perform the method of controlling the water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
10. A readable storage medium, characterized in that the readable storage medium has stored therein a computer program which, when executed by a processor, is adapted to carry out the method of controlling the water content of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1-5.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310071728.2A CN115939467B (en) | 2023-01-17 | 2023-01-17 | Method for controlling water content of fuel cell stack in fuel cell system |
| PCT/CN2024/070547 WO2024152911A1 (en) | 2023-01-17 | 2024-01-04 | Method for controlling water content of fuel cell stack in fuel cell system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310071728.2A CN115939467B (en) | 2023-01-17 | 2023-01-17 | Method for controlling water content of fuel cell stack in fuel cell system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115939467A CN115939467A (en) | 2023-04-07 |
| CN115939467B true CN115939467B (en) | 2023-11-14 |
Family
ID=86557849
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310071728.2A Active CN115939467B (en) | 2023-01-17 | 2023-01-17 | Method for controlling water content of fuel cell stack in fuel cell system |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115939467B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2024152911A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117096388B (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2023-12-15 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell water content management control method, electric equipment and electronic equipment |
| CN117334969B (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2024-04-26 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell working parameter control method, electric equipment and electronic equipment |
| CN117747892B (en) * | 2024-02-19 | 2024-04-26 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell heating power control method, electronic equipment and electric equipment |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102640342A (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2012-08-15 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system and method for operating fuel cell system |
| WO2017074153A1 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-04 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Fuel cell system and control method therefor |
| KR20170119409A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2017-10-27 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Fuel cell vehicle and water content estimate method thereof |
| DE102016116004A1 (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2018-03-01 | Audi Ag | Method for determining the moisture content of an operating medium, fuel cell system for carrying out such a method and use of a compressor as a moisture sensor |
| CN114503316A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2022-05-13 | 奥迪股份公司 | Method for differentiating the cause of a voltage loss in a fuel cell system, fuel cell system and motor vehicle having such a fuel cell system |
-
2023
- 2023-01-17 CN CN202310071728.2A patent/CN115939467B/en active Active
-
2024
- 2024-01-04 WO PCT/CN2024/070547 patent/WO2024152911A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102640342A (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2012-08-15 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system and method for operating fuel cell system |
| WO2017074153A1 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-04 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Fuel cell system and control method therefor |
| KR20170119409A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2017-10-27 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Fuel cell vehicle and water content estimate method thereof |
| DE102016116004A1 (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2018-03-01 | Audi Ag | Method for determining the moisture content of an operating medium, fuel cell system for carrying out such a method and use of a compressor as a moisture sensor |
| CN114503316A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2022-05-13 | 奥迪股份公司 | Method for differentiating the cause of a voltage loss in a fuel cell system, fuel cell system and motor vehicle having such a fuel cell system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115939467A (en) | 2023-04-07 |
| WO2024152911A1 (en) | 2024-07-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN115939467B (en) | Method for controlling water content of fuel cell stack in fuel cell system | |
| CN111211338B (en) | High-pressure proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system | |
| US8399142B2 (en) | Relative humidity profile control strategy for high current density stack operation | |
| Alizadeh et al. | The experimental analysis of a dead-end H2/O2 PEM fuel cell stack with cascade type design | |
| US7354670B2 (en) | Fuel cell with fuel gas adjustment mechanism | |
| KR101858809B1 (en) | Fuel cell system | |
| CN113130941A (en) | Hydrogen supply system of proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell and control method | |
| CN113471477A (en) | Fuel cell cooling water loop temperature control system and control method thereof | |
| CN113839065B (en) | Fuel cell cooling water loop thermal compensation temperature control system and control method | |
| CN112993334A (en) | Fuel cell stack starting and testing method without external humidification | |
| CN113851672A (en) | Control method for fuel cell cooling water system, fuel cell, and storage medium | |
| CN114583220A (en) | Fuel cell water content control method, fuel cell system, and fuel cell vehicle | |
| CN102792507A (en) | Fuel cell system and method for controlling electric current of same | |
| CN115360393B (en) | Control method for improving response rate of fuel cell | |
| CN115692797A (en) | Optimization method for water heat management system of vehicle fuel cell | |
| US20100119899A1 (en) | Fuel cell system | |
| CN110165244A (en) | The temperature and humidity control system and temperature/humidity control method of fuel cell | |
| CN111162297B (en) | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell single sheet and method for selecting and quantifying cell stack working condition | |
| CN114970192A (en) | Multi-target intelligent control method for fuel cell system | |
| CN109888335B (en) | Fuel cell system | |
| Guo et al. | Experimental study on the dynamic response of voltage and temperature of an open-cathode air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell | |
| KR102664112B1 (en) | Air supply system | |
| JP2022157510A (en) | Method for operating fuel cell system | |
| JP2007103370A (en) | System and method for control of cathode stoichiometry to minimize relative humidity deviation in transient phenomenon | |
| CN116344868B (en) | Method for regulating and controlling water content of galvanic pile and application thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |