CN115937692B - Coastal wetland carbon sink effect evaluation method and system - Google Patents
Coastal wetland carbon sink effect evaluation method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115937692B CN115937692B CN202310115601.6A CN202310115601A CN115937692B CN 115937692 B CN115937692 B CN 115937692B CN 202310115601 A CN202310115601 A CN 202310115601A CN 115937692 B CN115937692 B CN 115937692B
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Abstract
The application relates to a carbon reserve monitoring technology, in particular to a coastal wetland carbon sink effect evaluation method and system, wherein the evaluation method comprises the following steps: acquiring a remote sensing image set in a preset time period of the coastal wetland to be evaluated; respectively identifying evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set, wherein the evolution data comprises conversion data among the different types of wetlands and net change data of the coastal wetlands of all types except the conversion data; and evaluating the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated based on the conversion data and the net change data to obtain a carbon sink effect evaluation result. In addition to qualitative analysis of the mature wetland area in the prior art, factors representing carbon sink effects such as evolution data, evolution types and the like before and after the evolution of the coastal wetland to be evaluated are comprehensively considered, and the carbon sink effects of the coastal wetland to be evaluated are comprehensively evaluated, so that the carbon sink effects of the coastal wetland to be evaluated can be more accurately obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon reserve monitoring, in particular to a method and a system for evaluating carbon sink effect of a coastal wetland.
Background
Due to the influence of periodic tidal inundation of seawater, the coastal wetland has strong carbon sink function and is an important way for reducing the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) and slowing down global climate change. The Carbon held by these coastal wetland ecosystems is called "Blue Carbon". Half of the carbon held by the global marine living organisms is estimated to be in the blue carbon ecosystem of the coastal zone. The coastal wetland is an important coastal zone blue carbon ecological system, has huge carbon absorption capacity, belongs to the practice category of natural-based solutions, and is one of important ocean-based climate change treatment means. Research shows that annual carbon burial amount of the coastal wetland per square kilometer can be estimated to reach 0.22 GgC.
At present, the research on the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland such as carbon sink function and the like is often to collect the organic carbon content in soil, the biomass number and the biomass population number of the coastal wetland. However, in the prior art, for detecting carbon sink capacity, a sampling site is often built on a certain or a certain types of coastal wetlands, or a static simulation bin is built, and after long-time sampling is performed on a certain site, the type of carbon sink capacity is determined.
However, the coastal wetlands are sensitive areas and fragile areas which change globally, and the coastal wetlands are often in a changed state due to factors such as biological activities, human activities, climate, etc., for example, some coastal wetlands disappear, some artificial coastal wetlands, and some types of coastal wetlands change due to human activities or biological invasion, etc.
The different types of coastal wetlands have very different carbon sink forms and carbon sink capacities, and salt marsh, mangrove forest and mud flat are taken as examples for illustration:
wherein salt marsh and mangrove belong to a production type carbon sink wetland, while beach belongs to an input type carbon sink wetland, the main carbon sink capacity of salt marsh and mangrove often passes through photosynthesis of plants, and beach receives carbon input from the periphery, for example, mangrove, salt marsh or coastal seaweed bed.
Therefore, when the coastal wetland is changed, the carbon sink capacity of the coastal wetland is often changed, and if the coastal wetland is tested according to the carbon sink effect test mode in the prior art, the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland is often difficult to accurately evaluate, and theoretical guidance is difficult to provide for the management of the native coastal wetland.
Therefore, how to accurately evaluate the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland and provide theoretical guidance for the management of the coastal wetland becomes a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for evaluating carbon sink effect of a coastal wetland, which are used for solving the technical problem of how to accurately evaluate the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland and providing theoretical guidance for the management of the coastal wetland.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
according to a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for evaluating a carbon sink effect of a coastal wetland, including: acquiring a remote sensing image set in a preset time period of the coastal wetland to be evaluated; respectively identifying evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set, wherein the evolution data comprises conversion data among different types of wetlands and net change data of the coastal wetlands of different types except the conversion data; based on the conversion data and the net change data, evaluating the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated to obtain a carbon sink effect evaluation result; and the carbon sink form and the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland corresponding to the conversion data are different from those of the coastal wetland corresponding to the net change data.
Optionally, the identifying evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set includes: respectively identifying the types of the coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set; determining area data of each type of the coastal wetland to be evaluated in each remote sensing image based on the identified type of the coastal wetland; determining conversion areas among different types of wetlands according to the time sequence of the remote sensing image set and the area data, and determining net change areas of the coastal wetlands of each type except for the conversion data; and taking the conversion data of the conversion region and the net change data of the net change region as the evolution data.
Optionally, the estimating the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland to be estimated based on the conversion data and the net change data, and obtaining the carbon sink effect estimation result includes: determining a net change evaluation result based on the net change data and the type of the coastal wetland with the net change, wherein the net change data is the change area of the coastal wetland with the non-coastal wetland or the coastal wetland with the non-coastal wetland and the type of the coastal wetland with the change; determining a first type of the coastal wetland before the conversion and a second type and a conversion area of the coastal wetland after the conversion based on the conversion data; determining a conversion evaluation result by using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type based on the conversion area; and taking the sum of the net change evaluation result and the conversion evaluation result as a carbon sink effect evaluation result.
Optionally, the types of the coastal wetlands include production-type wetlands and input-type wetlands; the first type of wetland comprises mangrove and/or salt marsh; the second type of wetland comprises a beach; the first weight coefficient is a1, wherein a1 is the identification probability of the conversion area of the coastal wetland as mangrove forest and/or salt marsh; the second weight coefficient is b1, wherein b1 is the identification probability that the conversion area of the coastal wetland is a beach, and the sum of a1 and b1 is less than or equal to 1; the determining a conversion evaluation result by using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type based on the conversion area comprises: taking the product of the pre-set carbon sink capacity of the mangrove and/or salt marsh under the conversion area and a first weight coefficient as a first evaluation result in the wetland conversion process; taking the product of the preset carbon sink capacity of the beach under the conversion area and the second weight coefficient as a second evaluation result in the wetland conversion process; and taking the sum of the first evaluation result and the second evaluation result as the conversion evaluation result.
Optionally, the first type of wetland comprises a beach; the second type of wetland comprises mangrove and/or salt marsh; the first weight coefficient is 1+b2, wherein b2 is the identification probability of the coastal wetland conversion area being the beach; the second weight coefficient is a2, wherein a2 is the identification probability of the conversion area of the coastal wetland being mangrove and/or salt marsh, and the sum of a2 and b2 is less than or equal to 1; the determining a conversion evaluation result by using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type based on the conversion area comprises: taking the product of the preset carbon sink capacity of the beach under the conversion area and the first weight coefficient as a third evaluation result in the wetland conversion process; taking the product of the pre-set carbon sink capacity of the mangrove and/or the salt marsh under the conversion area and the second weight coefficient as a fourth evaluation result in the wetland conversion process; and taking the sum of the third evaluation result and the fourth evaluation result as the conversion evaluation result.
Optionally, the first weight coefficient is 1+b2 that is c times, where c is a deposition efficiency increase multiple and c is greater than 1.
Optionally, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are adjusted based on a time length of the transition, wherein the longer the time length of the transition, the smaller the first weight coefficient, and the larger the second weight coefficient.
Optionally, the method further comprises: respectively identifying different types of coastal wetland areas in the remote sensing image set; acquiring environmental information in the preset time period; and adjusting the carbon sink effect evaluation result based on the environmental information.
Optionally, the environmental information includes temperature information; the adjusting the carbon sink effect evaluation result based on the environmental information includes: determining an organic carbon decomposition coefficient based on the temperature information; adjusting the carbon sink effect evaluation result based on the decomposition coefficient; and/or, the environmental information includes the spring rain amount; the adjusting the carbon sink effect evaluation result based on the environmental information includes: determining an organic carbon generation coefficient based on the spring rain water amount; and adjusting the carbon sink effect evaluation result based on the organic carbon generation coefficient.
According to a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a coastal wetland carbon sink effect evaluation system, including: the acquisition module is used for acquiring a remote sensing image set in a preset time period of the coastal wetland to be evaluated; the identification module is used for respectively identifying evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set, wherein the evolution data comprises conversion data among the different types of wetlands and net change data of the coastal wetlands of each type except the conversion data; the evaluation module is used for evaluating the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated based on the conversion data and the net change data to obtain a carbon sink effect evaluation result; and the carbon sink form and the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland corresponding to the conversion data are different from those of the coastal wetland corresponding to the net change data.
According to the method and the system, when the carbon sink effect is estimated for the coastal wetland to be estimated, particularly when the wetland in the region with frequent change is estimated, in addition to qualitative analysis for the mature wetland region in the prior art, the evolution data of the coastal wetland to be estimated is comprehensively considered, the evolution type, the wetland types before and after the evolution, the carbon sink forms before and after the evolution, the carbon sink capacity before and after the evolution, the carbon sink quantity before and after the evolution and other factors representing the carbon sink effect are comprehensively estimated for the coastal wetland to be estimated, and the carbon sink effect of the wetland to be estimated can be more accurately obtained.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a coastal wetland carbon sink effect evaluation method of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of another coastal wetland carbon sink effect evaluation method of the invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the coastal wetland carbon sink effect evaluation system of the invention.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to identical or structurally similar but functionally identical components throughout the separate views.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In the following description, various aspects of the present invention will be described, however, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced with only some or all of the structures or processes of the present invention. For purposes of explanation, specific numbers, configurations and orders are set forth, it is apparent that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known features will not be described in detail so as not to obscure the invention.
Referring to the background art, in the prior art, carbon sink effect evaluation is often performed based on the mature coastal wetland, the evaluation of the carbon sink effect of the mature coastal wetland is often accurate, the coastal wetland belongs to a relatively sensitive and fragile ecological environment, and some external factors, such as climate, artificial activity, biological invasion and the like, may cause great change of the coastal wetland, so that when qualitative analysis is performed on the mature coastal wetland in the prior art, the evaluation result is often inaccurate when the type of the coastal wetland changes. Therefore, the inventor finds that the coastal wetland can be divided into a mature region and a change region, the mature region can be evaluated by adopting an evaluation method for qualitatively analyzing the mature coastal wetland in the prior art, and when the change region is evaluated by adopting an evaluation method for qualitatively analyzing the mature coastal wetland in the prior art, the evaluation result is often inaccurate, especially for the coastal wetland with obvious change, so that in the application, the inventor divides the change region into a net change region and a conversion region, and the evaluation of the net change region and the conversion region is added on the basis of the evaluation method of the mature coastal wet carbon sink effect so as to accurately evaluate the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated.
Therefore, the invention provides a coastal wetland carbon sink effect evaluation method, which realizes accurate evaluation of the coastal wetland ecosystem carbon sink effect.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating carbon sink effect of a coastal wetland according to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in the figure, the method includes:
s10, acquiring a remote sensing image set in a preset time period of the coastal wetland to be evaluated. In this embodiment, the preset time period may be a time period of a plurality of different dimensions such as half a year, one year, two years, three years, five years, or ten years. There is no limitation in the present embodiment. And acquiring remote sensing images of the coastal wetland to be evaluated at intervals of a certain time within a preset time period. In this embodiment, the remote sensing image may be a multispectral remote sensing image or a hyperspectral remote sensing image.
In this embodiment, the coastal wetlands to be evaluated may include mature coastal wetlands, i.e., wetlands of various types that are not easily changed near the central area, and modified coastal wetlands, i.e., regions of edges of various types of coastal wetlands that are easily changed due to influence of the environment, artificial activities, or biological invasion, etc.
In this embodiment, the coastal wetland may include various types, such as salt marsh, mangrove, beach, coastal seagrass bed, and the like. The hyperspectral image data and the multispectral image data of the wetland collected by the satellites are obtained, and the hyperspectral image data can be obtained by shooting by a first satellite in a plurality of time periods respectively, wherein the size can be 1185 multiplied by 1342 pixels, the tunnel number is 285, and the spatial resolution of the first satellite is 30m. The multispectral image data may be, for example, a plurality of remote sensing images captured by the second satellite in the same time period, the size may be 3555×4026, the number of tunnels is 47, and the selected spatial resolution is 10m.
In this embodiment, since the temporal resolution and the spatial resolution of the hyperspectral image data and the multispectral image data are generally different, preprocessing is required for the hyperspectral image data and the multispectral image data, and in this embodiment, geographic information registration may be performed for the hyperspectral image data and the multispectral image data. For example, the images are subjected to spatial registration, atmospheric correction and the like, so that the loss caused by the time difference of two image data on classification is compensated. Since the resolution of the hyperspectral image data and the multispectral image data are different, and the sizes are different, the hyperspectral image data needs to be up-sampled. Illustratively, the hyperspectral image data is up-sampled 3 times so that it is the same size as the multispectral image data.
S20, respectively identifying evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set, wherein the evolution data comprise conversion data among different types of wetlands and net change data of the coastal wetlands of different types except the conversion data.
As an exemplary embodiment, the classification network may be trained in advance to obtain different types of coastal wetlands, and in an exemplary embodiment, the classification network model may be implemented in Python language, and is trained through real wetland remote sensing images. Of course, implementation of the classification network model in other languages is not limiting in this embodiment. The specific training process comprises the following steps: firstly, randomly initializing all parameters of a model, inputting training data, performing preprocessing operations such as geographic information registration and the like on the data, inputting the data into the classification network model for forward propagation, and obtaining output; then, calculating the loss of the model at the moment by using the constructed discrimination loss function and the classification loss function respectively; model parameters are updated by back propagation and the accuracy of the current model is tested. And in a certain training round number, model parameters are continuously updated through back propagation, and the model is stored when the current optimal precision is broken through each time, so that the finally trained network model can be obtained. In an alternative embodiment, the training parameters are set as follows: training round is 200, learning rate is 0.005, and random gradient descent is used as optimization function.
In this embodiment, after the classification result of the type of the coastal wetland of each remote sensing image is obtained, the range and the area of each type of coastal wetland are determined, and the conversion area between different types of wetlands and the net change area of each type of coastal wetland except for the conversion data are determined according to the time sequence of the remote sensing image set and the area data.
For example, 20 sets of remote sensing images are photographed according to a time sequence, the range and the area of salt marsh, mangrove and beach in each remote sensing image are respectively determined, and the change of each type of wetland is determined according to the time sequence.
In one embodiment, the change may be classified into a change type and a change area from a non-coastal wetland to a certain type of coastal wetland or to several types of coastal wetland.
In another embodiment, the change may also be a change from one type of coastal wetland to another or to another type of coastal wetland and a change area, for example, a beach becomes a salt marsh and/or mangrove, or a mangrove and/or salt marsh becomes a beach.
The net change data of the net change region within the preset time period is counted, and exemplary wet land types and net change region areas of the net change region, such as mangrove forest disappearing area, mangrove forest increasing area, salt marsh disappearing area, salt marsh increasing area, beach disappearing area, beach increasing area, are counted. In this embodiment, the reason for the change in the net change area may be due to factors such as environmental, human activities, etc., for example, damage to mangrove or salt marsh causes part of mangrove to disappear, or man-made construction of mangrove or salt marsh increases mangrove or salt marsh, and for example, reclamation or landfill of beach causes beach to disappear, etc.
Counting conversion data of a conversion area within a preset time period, wherein the wetland type and the conversion area of the conversion area, such as mangrove forest or salt marsh degradation, change into mud flat caused by the influence of sea level or temperature or other climatic factors, are exemplified; for another example, a plant in a salt pond or mangrove invades a beach, the beach area is reduced, and the salt pond or mangrove is increased. The area where the coastal wetland type is changed is used as a conversion area.
In the present embodiment, the change area and the change type of the net change region and the change area and the change type of the change region may be taken as the evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands.
S30, evaluating the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated based on the conversion data and the net change data, and obtaining a carbon sink effect evaluation result.
In this embodiment, the net change area may be divided into an increase area and a decrease area, and in this embodiment, the increase area and the decrease area of each wetland type may be counted separately, and for each wetland type, when evaluating the carbon sequestration capacity, the carbon sequestration capacity of the type of coastal wetland corresponding to the area of the decrease area may be subtracted; for increased coastal wetlands, the increased area carbon sequestration capacity may be obtained by multiplying the type of coastal wetland corresponding to the increased area by the increased coastal wetland growth coefficient (which only gradually approaches 1 as the wetland in the increased area matures). (since the biomass population of newly constructed coastal wetlands does not reach the extent of the mature coastal instance, is in an increase over time, and thus may increase over time, the carbon sink capacity gradually reaches a preset carbon sink capacity of the increased coastal wetland type from the initial carbon sink capacity), which may be 40-60% of the preset carbon sink capacity, which may be the carbon sink capacity of the corresponding type of mature coastal wetland.
In this embodiment, the carbon sequestration of the reduced area may be counted and evaluated according to the original carbon sequestration, and when the carbon sequestration of the increased area is evaluated, since there is no blue carbon deposition before the increase, the new statistics may be performed according to the increased time, and further the carbon sequestration effect evaluation results such as the carbon sequestration capacity and the carbon sequestration of the net change area may be obtained.
As an exemplary embodiment, the transition zone is a transition from one wetland type to another wetland type, with carbon sink capacity and carbon sink capacity before and after the transition.
The carbon sink capacity, carbon sink quantity and carbon sink form of different wetland types are often different, for example, mangroves belong to coastal wetland with production type carbon sinks, most of which are from plants absorbing carbon dioxide, and the other part of which are from input type carbon, for example, particulate organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon in the ocean caused by tides, or particulate organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon caused by rivers. The average carbon build-up rate for mangrove systems was 194 g/m2/yr. Salt-biogas belongs to coastal wetlands of production-type carbon sinks, most of which are from carbon dioxide absorption by plants, and the other part of which is from input-type carbon, for example, particulate organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon in the ocean due to tides, or particulate organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon due to rivers, or carbon exported by mangroves. The average carbon accumulation rate of the salt marsh wet land is 164 g/m2/yr. And the tidal flat has less biomass and poor production capacity. Therefore, the main carbon source is input carbon such as salt marsh, mangrove or ocean. The average carbon accumulation rate of the beach is 140-160 g/m2/yr respectively, so that the conversion area can be evaluated based on the type before and after conversion, the area of the conversion area and the like based on different carbon sink capacities of different types of coastal wetlands and different carbon sink sources.
However, since the conversion region is not abrupt, but dynamically changed, the carbon sink forms and carbon sink capacities of the coastal wetland types before and after conversion may exist in the conversion region at the same time. Therefore, in the present embodiment, when the conversion area is evaluated, the area of the conversion area, the type of wetland before conversion, and the type of wetland after conversion may be comprehensively considered, and the carbon sequestration capacity and the carbon sequestration amount of the conversion area may be evaluated to accurately evaluate the carbon sequestration effect of the conversion area.
In this embodiment, when evaluating the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated, especially when evaluating the wetland in the region with frequent change, in addition to qualitative analysis of the mature wetland region in the prior art, the evolution data of the coastal wetland to be evaluated is comprehensively considered, and factors such as the type of the wetland before and after evolution, the carbon sink form before and after evolution, the carbon sink capability before and after evolution, the carbon sink quantity before and after evolution and the like which characterize the carbon sink effect are comprehensively evaluated on the coastal wetland to be evaluated, so that the carbon sink effect of the wetland to be evaluated can be more accurately obtained.
In addition, before and after the conversion of different types of coastal wetlands, the original carbon sink forms of the coastal wetlands may disappear or may increase, for example, the tidal flats are converted into mangroves or salt-marsh, and the original carbon sink capacity of the coastal wetlands is not only not reduced, but also the tidal current is slowed down due to the blockage of the mangroves or the salt-marsh, so that the carbon input in the ocean in the tide is further increased, and the carbon sink capacity of the input carbon is increased. Mangrove or salt marsh are converted into beach, then lose productive capacity gradually, its carbon sink form becomes the independent input type carbon sink form, because lose the barrier of plant, the tidal rivers are accelerated, can accelerate the carbon to the ocean and import, cause certain carbon loss, sink into the ocean. Therefore, the carbon sink effect of the conversion area cannot be evaluated according to the current coastal wetland type, and if the conversion area is too fast or the area is too large, the overall carbon sink effect evaluation result is likely to be inaccurate when the change of the carbon sink form or the carbon sink capacity of the conversion area due to the wetland type conversion is not considered.
Therefore, as shown in fig. 2, the evaluation of the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated based on the conversion data and the net change data, and the result of the evaluation of the carbon sink effect comprises the following steps:
s31, determining a net change evaluation result based on the net change data and the type of the coastal wetland with the net change, wherein the net change data is that the coastal wetland is changed into the coastal wetland or that the coastal wetland is changed into the coastal wetland, and the change area of the coastal wetland is changed and the type of the coastal wetland is changed;
s32, determining a first type of the coastal wetland before the conversion and a second type and a conversion area of the coastal wetland after the conversion based on the conversion data.
S33, determining a conversion evaluation result by using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type based on the conversion area.
S34, taking the sum of the net change evaluation result and the conversion evaluation result as a carbon sink effect evaluation result.
For step S31, in the present embodiment, the net change region may be divided into an increase region and a decrease region, wherein the increase region is a region in which the non-coastal wetland is changed to the coastal wetland, and the decrease region is a region in which the coastal wetland is changed to the non-coastal wetland.
In this embodiment, the increased area and the decreased area of each wetland type and the type of the changed coastal wetland may be counted separately, and for each wetland type, when the carbon sink capacity is evaluated, the carbon sink capacity of the type of the coastal wetland corresponding to the decreased area may be subtracted; the carbon sequestration capacity of the increased area can be obtained by multiplying the type of coastal wetland corresponding to the increased area by a growth factor (the growth factor gradually approaches 1 as the wetland of the increased area matures). (because of the biological population of newly constructed coastal wetlands, the biological quantity does not reach the degree of mature coastal examples, is in the growth with time, and therefore, can be increased with time, the carbon sink capacity gradually reaches the preset carbon sink capacity from the initial carbon sink capacity, the initial carbon sink capacity can be 40-60% of the preset carbon sink capacity, and the preset carbon sink capacity can be the carbon sink capacity of the corresponding type of mature coastal wetlands.
For step S32 and step S33, after identifying the type of the coastal wetland according to the time sequence, comparing the type of the coastal wetland according to the time sequence, and obtaining the conversion data of the type of the coastal wetland in a preset time period, for example, the type of the wetland before and after conversion, the area of a conversion area where conversion occurs in the preset time period, and the like.
The original carbon sink forms of the different types of coastal wetlands before and after conversion can disappear or can be increased, so that the weights of the different types of conversion are different when the carbon sink effect evaluation is carried out.
In this embodiment, the first type of the coastal wetland before the conversion occurs corresponds to a first weight coefficient; the second type of the coastal wetland after the conversion corresponds to a second weight coefficient, and in this embodiment, the weight coefficients corresponding to the different types before the conversion are different, and the weight coefficients corresponding to the different types after the conversion are also different.
Illustratively, the first type of wetland comprises mangrove and/or salt-biogas; the second type of wetland comprises a tidal flat as an example, the conversion area is used for converting mangrove and/or salt marsh into the tidal flat, the mangrove and/or salt marsh is mainly produced by plants before conversion, the carbon production capacity gradually decreases in the conversion process, and the input carbon can be maintained unchanged or reduced, so that the conversion area has the carbon sink capacity of the first type before conversion and the carbon sink capacity of the second type after conversion. When the carbon sink effect evaluation is performed, a conversion evaluation result can be determined for the conversion area by using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type based on the conversion area. The exemplary first type of coastal wetland has carbon sink capacity of a, the second type of coastal wetland has carbon sink capacity of B, and since the conversion area is an immature type of coastal wetland, when the conversion area is evaluated for carbon sink capacity, the carbon sink capacity of the first type in the conversion process needs to be obtained by multiplying a first weight coefficient by a, and the carbon sink capacity of the second type in the conversion process needs to be obtained by multiplying B by a second weight coefficient, and the sum of the carbon sink capacity of the first type and the carbon sink capacity of the second type is taken as the evaluation result of the carbon sink effect of the conversion area.
As an exemplary embodiment, the identification of the conversion area is obtained by classifying the remote sensing image, and is generally classified by the significant features of a certain type of wetland, so that the characteristics of the conversion area may not be particularly obvious, and thus, the conversion degree of the current conversion area may be determined by using the identification probability, for example, the conversion of salt and methane to the beach is performed by gradually weakening the characteristics of the salt and methane plants as the salt and methane plants degenerate, and the beach characteristics gradually strengthen, and the degradation may be in a slower process, so that the characteristics of the salt and methane plants exist in the conversion area, and the characteristics of the beach also exist, and the quantity of the salt and methane plants may be represented by using the identification probability, so as to represent the degradation degree of the salt and methane or the conversion degree of the beach.
In this embodiment, the first type of wetland comprises mangrove and/or salt-biogas; the second type of wetland comprises a beach as an example, namely, the conversion from salt marsh or mangrove to the beach is specifically described as an example:
the first weight coefficient is a1, wherein a1 is the identification probability of the conversion area of the coastal wetland as mangrove forest and/or salt marsh; the second weight coefficient is b1, wherein b1 is the identification probability that the conversion area of the coastal wetland is a beach, and the sum of a1 and b1 is smaller than or equal to 1.
The determining a conversion evaluation result by using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type based on the conversion area comprises:
taking the product of the pre-set carbon sink capacity of the mangrove and/or salt marsh under the conversion area and a first weight coefficient as a first evaluation result in the wetland conversion process;
taking the product of the preset carbon sink capacity of the beach under the conversion area and the second weight coefficient as a second evaluation result in the wetland conversion process;
and taking the sum of the first evaluation result and the second evaluation result as the conversion evaluation result.
As an exemplary embodiment, the production capacity gradually decreases and gradually changes into the input carbon sink capacity during the conversion of mangrove or salt marsh to beach. Therefore, the carbon sink capability of the type (type before conversion and type after conversion) included in the conversion region may be obtained by multiplying the preset (original) carbon sink capability by the corresponding recognition probability (weight) in evaluating the carbon sink effect. The carbon sink capacity of the conversion area may be a sum of a product of the carbon sink capacity a of the first type of coastal wetland and the first weight coefficient a1 and a product of the carbon sink capacity B of the second type of coastal wetland and the second weight coefficient B1.
As another alternative embodiment, the first type of wetland comprises a beach; the second type of wetland comprises salt marsh or mangrove, namely, the specific explanation is given by taking the conversion of beach to salt marsh or mangrove as an example:
in the process of converting the beach into the salt marsh or mangrove, the original beach not only increases the production capacity, but also increases the deposition efficiency. Taking the tidal flat as an example, converting the tidal flat into salt marsh, taking the salt marsh as spartina alterniflora, after the spartina alterniflora invades the tidal flat, not only increasing the plant biomass and the input quantity of organic withered substances, but also slowing down the water flow, accelerating the accumulation of sediments and improving the deposition rate by dense vegetation.
In the process of converting the beach into the salt marsh or mangrove, vegetation is increased, vegetation branches and leaves are newly increased in soil, so that the deposition capacity is increased under the condition that the original beach deposition capacity is unchanged, and therefore, the first weight coefficient is 1+b2, wherein b2 is the identification probability of the beach in the conversion area of the coastal wetland; in the process of converting the beach into the salt marsh or the mangrove, the production capacity is changed from almost no step to gradually increased, so the second weight coefficient is a2, wherein a2 is the identification probability of the mangrove and/or the salt marsh in the conversion area of the coastal wetland, and the sum of a2 and b2 is less than or equal to 1.
The determining a conversion evaluation result by using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type based on the conversion area comprises:
taking the product of the preset carbon sink capacity of the beach under the conversion area and the first weight coefficient as a third evaluation result in the wetland conversion process;
taking the product of the pre-set carbon sink capacity of the mangrove and/or the salt marsh under the conversion area and the second weight coefficient as a fourth evaluation result in the wetland conversion process;
and taking the sum of the third evaluation result and the fourth evaluation result as the conversion evaluation result.
By comprehensively considering various conditions in the conversion process, the carbon sink effect of the conversion area can be more accurately estimated.
In an alternative embodiment, in order to further accurately evaluate the carbon sink effect of the conversion area, in the process of converting the beach into salt marsh or mangrove, the dense vegetation can slow down the water flow, accelerate the accumulation of sediment, and increase the deposition rate. Thus, c times 1+b2, where c is the deposition efficiency increase multiple and c is greater than 1. In this embodiment, c may gradually increase with increasing amounts of plants in the transformation area, and in this embodiment, c may also be positively correlated with the recognition probability of the second type, i.e. c is positively correlated with the recognition probability of salt-biogas or mangrove.
As an exemplary embodiment, in the process of converting the first type to the second type, the second type is more and more approaching with the increase of time, and therefore, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are adjusted based on the time length of the conversion, wherein the longer the time length of the conversion is, the smaller the first weight coefficient is, and the larger the second weight coefficient is.
As an exemplary embodiment, when the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland of the area to be evaluated is evaluated, the sum of the net change area carbon sink effect evaluation result, the conversion area carbon sink effect evaluation result and the mature area carbon sink effect evaluation result is obtained. In this embodiment, the carbon sink effect such as the carbon sink capacity is also affected by the environment. Respectively identifying different types of coastal wetland areas in the remote sensing image set; acquiring environmental information in the preset time period; and adjusting the carbon sink effect evaluation result based on the environmental information.
Illustratively, the environmental information includes temperature information; the adjusting the carbon sink effect evaluation result based on the environmental information includes: determining an organic carbon decomposition coefficient based on the temperature information; and adjusting the carbon sink effect evaluation result based on the decomposition coefficient. The increase of the average air temperature accelerates the decomposition rate of the organic carbon, especially for the tidal flat where the input type carbon sink is the main type, and therefore, in this embodiment, it is necessary to adjust the carbon sink effect based on the temperature information.
In addition, when evaluating the carbon sink effect in the latitude area of fallen leaves, whether the sprouting growth of the plant is smooth or not needs to be considered, if the plant is in the sprouting stage in spring, at this time, excessive rainwater may affect the sprouting of the plant, and further the productivity of the plant is reduced, so that the spring rainwater quantity needs to be obtained, and the organic carbon generation coefficient is determined based on the spring rainwater quantity; and adjusting the carbon sink effect evaluation result based on the organic carbon generation coefficient. In this embodiment, the organic carbon generation factor may be obtained based on experience or experiment.
As another alternative embodiment, the coastal wetland further includes a seaweed bed, so that the transparency of the coastal sea water needs to be identified, in this embodiment, the transparency of the coastal sea water may be identified by using a remote sensing image, the higher the transparency is, the stronger the carbon sequestration capability of the seaweed bed is, and the higher the carbon sequestration effect is, so that the transparency of the sea water in a preset time period may be identified based on the remote sensing image, the average transparency is obtained, and the preset carbon sequestration capability of the seaweed bed is adjusted based on the average transparency, so as to obtain the carbon sequestration effect evaluation result of the seaweed bed.
As an exemplary embodiment, after obtaining a remote sensing image of the coastal wetland in a preset time period, the coastal wetland evolution data to be evaluated in the future can be predicted based on the evolution data in the preset time period, so as to obtain the preset evolution data, and the coastal wetland to be evaluated is predicted based on the predicted evolution data. And may provide targeted improvements, for example, may be considered to be involved in preventing the ability to attenuate carbon sequestration.
As another alternative embodiment, obtaining an organic carbon type and an organic carbon content of each type in a soil sample of the coastal wetland to be evaluated, wherein the organic carbon type comprises production type organic carbon and input type organic carbon; the carbon sink amount in the preset time period is determined based on the change in the production-type organic carbon and the input-type organic carbon in the preset time period.
In this example, soil sections were excavated and plant biomass was collected at designed spots, each section was excavated to a depth of 1m, and soil samples were collected at equal intervals of 0-10cm,10-20cn,20-30cm,30-40cm, etc. Field work includes investigation of soil profile geographical locations, soil forming environments (terrain, climate, vegetation, etc.).
The embodiment of the application also provides a system for evaluating the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland, as shown in fig. 3, comprising: the acquiring module 10 is configured to acquire a remote sensing image set within a preset time period of the coastal wetland to be evaluated; an identification module 20, configured to identify evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set, respectively, where the evolution data includes conversion data between the different types of wetlands and net change data of the coastal wetlands of the respective types except the conversion data; the evaluation module 30 is configured to evaluate the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated based on the conversion data and the net change data, so as to obtain a carbon sink effect evaluation result; and the carbon sink form and the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland corresponding to the conversion data are different from those of the coastal wetland corresponding to the net change data.
In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. The above described device embodiments are only illustrative, e.g. the division of the units is only one logical function division, and there may be other divisions in practice, such as: multiple units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. In addition, the various components shown or discussed may be coupled or directly coupled or communicatively coupled to each other via some interface, whether indirectly coupled or communicatively coupled to devices or units, whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise.
The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units; can be located in one place or distributed to a plurality of network units; some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may be separately used as one unit, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit; the integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in hardware plus software functional units.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: all or part of the steps for implementing the above method embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to program instructions, and the foregoing program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, where the program, when executed, performs steps including the above method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: a mobile storage device, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, or the like, which can store program codes.
Alternatively, the above-described integrated units of the present invention may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as separate products. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in essence or a part contributing to the prior art in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a removable storage device, ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disk, or other medium capable of storing program code.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The coastal wetland carbon sink effect evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring a remote sensing image set in a preset time period of the coastal wetland to be evaluated;
respectively identifying evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set, wherein the evolution data comprises conversion data among different types of wetlands and net change data of the coastal wetlands of different types except the conversion data;
based on the conversion data and the net change data, evaluating the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated to obtain a carbon sink effect evaluation result; the carbon sink form and the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland corresponding to the conversion data are different from those of the coastal wetland corresponding to the net change data;
the identifying evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set respectively comprises the following steps:
Respectively identifying the types of the coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set;
determining area data of each type of the coastal wetland to be evaluated in each remote sensing image based on the identified type of the coastal wetland;
determining conversion areas among different types of wetlands according to the time sequence of the remote sensing image set and the area data, and determining net change areas of the coastal wetlands of each type except for the conversion data;
taking the conversion data of the conversion region and the net change data of the net change region as the evolution data;
the step of evaluating the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated based on the conversion data and the net change data, and the step of obtaining the carbon sink effect evaluation result comprises the following steps:
determining a net change evaluation result based on the net change data and the type of the coastal wetland with the net change, wherein the net change data is the change area of the coastal wetland with the non-coastal wetland or the coastal wetland with the non-coastal wetland and the type of the coastal wetland with the change;
determining a first type of the coastal wetland before the conversion and a second type and a conversion area of the coastal wetland after the conversion based on the conversion data;
Determining a conversion evaluation result by using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type based on the conversion area;
and taking the sum of the net change evaluation result and the conversion evaluation result as a carbon sink effect evaluation result.
2. The method for evaluating the effect of carbon sink on a coastal wetland according to claim 1, wherein the first type of wetland comprises mangrove and/or salt marsh; the second type of wetland comprises a beach;
the first weight coefficient is a1, wherein a1 is the identification probability of the conversion area of the coastal wetland as mangrove forest and/or salt marsh;
the second weight coefficient is b1, wherein b1 is the identification probability that the conversion area of the coastal wetland is a beach, and the sum of a1 and b1 is less than or equal to 1;
the determining a conversion evaluation result by using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type based on the conversion area comprises:
taking the product of the pre-set carbon sink capacity of the mangrove and/or salt marsh under the conversion area and a first weight coefficient as a first evaluation result in the wetland conversion process;
taking the product of the preset carbon sink capacity of the beach under the conversion area and the second weight coefficient as a second evaluation result in the wetland conversion process;
And taking the sum of the first evaluation result and the second evaluation result as the conversion evaluation result.
3. The coastal wetland carbon sink effect evaluation method of claim 1 wherein said first type of wetland comprises a beach; the second type of wetland comprises mangrove and/or salt marsh;
the first weight coefficient is 1+b2, wherein b2 is the identification probability of the coastal wetland conversion area being the beach;
the second weight coefficient is a2, wherein a2 is the identification probability of the conversion area of the coastal wetland being mangrove and/or salt marsh, and the sum of a2 and b2 is less than or equal to 1;
the determining a conversion evaluation result by using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type based on the conversion area comprises:
taking the product of the preset carbon sink capacity of the beach under the conversion area and the first weight coefficient as a third evaluation result in the wetland conversion process;
taking the product of the pre-set carbon sink capacity of the mangrove and/or the salt marsh under the conversion area and the second weight coefficient as a fourth evaluation result in the wetland conversion process;
And taking the sum of the third evaluation result and the fourth evaluation result as the conversion evaluation result.
4. The method for evaluating the effect of carbon sink in a coastal wetland of claim 3 wherein the first weight coefficient is c times 1+b2, wherein c is a deposition efficiency increase multiple and c is greater than 1.
5. The method for evaluating the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland according to claim 2, wherein,
the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are adjusted based on the time length of the conversion, wherein the longer the time length of the conversion is, the smaller the first weight coefficient is, and the larger the second weight coefficient is.
6. The method for evaluating the effect of the carbon sink of the coastal wetland according to claim 1, further comprising:
respectively identifying different types of coastal wetland areas in the remote sensing image set;
acquiring environmental information in the preset time period;
and adjusting the carbon sink effect evaluation result based on the environmental information.
7. The method for evaluating the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland according to claim 6, wherein,
the environmental information includes temperature information;
the adjusting the carbon sink effect evaluation result based on the environmental information includes:
Determining an organic carbon decomposition coefficient based on the temperature information;
adjusting the carbon sink effect evaluation result based on the decomposition coefficient;
and/or the number of the groups of groups,
the environmental information comprises spring rain water quantity;
the adjusting the carbon sink effect evaluation result based on the environmental information includes:
determining an organic carbon generation coefficient based on the spring rain water amount;
and adjusting the carbon sink effect evaluation result based on the organic carbon generation coefficient.
8. A coastal wetland carbon sink effect evaluation system, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a remote sensing image set in a preset time period of the coastal wetland to be evaluated;
the identification module is used for respectively identifying evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set, wherein the evolution data comprises conversion data among the different types of wetlands and net change data of the coastal wetlands of each type except the conversion data;
the evaluation module is used for evaluating the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated based on the conversion data and the net change data to obtain a carbon sink effect evaluation result; the carbon sink form and the carbon sink effect of the coastal wetland corresponding to the conversion data are different from those of the coastal wetland corresponding to the net change data;
The identification module is also used for respectively identifying the types of the coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set; determining area data of each type of the coastal wetland to be evaluated in each remote sensing image based on the identified type of the coastal wetland; determining conversion areas among different types of wetlands according to the time sequence of the remote sensing image set and the area data, and determining net change areas of the coastal wetlands of each type except for the conversion data; taking the conversion data of the conversion region and the net change data of the net change region as the evolution data;
the evaluation module is further used for determining a net change evaluation result based on the net change data and the type of the coastal wetland with net change, wherein the net change data is the change area of the coastal wetland changed into the coastal wetland or the coastal wetland changed into the coastal wetland and the type of the coastal wetland with change; determining a first type of the coastal wetland before the conversion and a second type and a conversion area of the coastal wetland after the conversion based on the conversion data; determining a conversion evaluation result by using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type based on the conversion area; and taking the sum of the net change evaluation result and the conversion evaluation result as a carbon sink effect evaluation result.
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