LU505176B1

LU505176B1 - A Method and System for Evaluating the Carbon Sequestration Effect of Coastal Wetlands

Info

Publication number: LU505176B1
Application number: LU505176A
Authority: LU
Inventors: Juan Jiang; Beibei Jing; Liya Wei; Sihui Wang; Jian Lu; Wenji Wang; Zhihua Lv; Meiyun Xia; An Du; Zhuo Huang
Original assignee: Shanghai Landscape Architecture Design And Res Institute Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-09-27
Filing date: 2023-09-27
Publication date: 2024-03-27

Abstract

This application relates to carbon storage monitoring technology, specifically to a method and system for assessing the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands. The evaluation method includes: obtaining remote sensing image sets of coastal wetlands to be evaluated within a preset period; The evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands in remote sensing images were identified respectively. The evolution data included the conversion data between different types of wetlands and the net change data except the conversion data of each type of coastal wetlands. Based on the conversion data and the net change data, the carbon sequestration effect of the evaluated coastal wetlands was evaluated, and the carbon sequestration effect evaluation results were obtained. In addition to the qualitative analysis of developed wetland areas with present technology, this application also comprehensively considers the factors characterizing the carbon sequestration effect such as the evolution data and evolution types before and after the evolution of the coastal wetland, and comprehensively evaluates the carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland, so as to obtain the carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland more accurately.

Description

A Method and System for Evaluating the Carbon Sequestration Effect of Coastal

Wetlands LU5051 76

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of carbon storage monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a method and system for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands.

Background art

Due to the periodic tidal inundation of seawater, the carbon sequestration function of coastal wetlands is strong, which is an important way to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO») concentration and slow down global climate change. The carbon sequestered in these coastal wetland ecosystems is called "blue carbon". It is estimated that half of the carbon held by living marine organisms worldwide is located in coastal blue carbon ecosystems. Coastal wetlands, as an important type of coastal blue carbon ecosystem, have enormous carbon absorption capacity and belong to the practical category of "natural based solutions". They are one of the important ocean based climate change governance measures. Research shows that the annual carbon sequestration of coastal wetlands is expected to reach 0.22 GgC per square kilometre.

Nowadays, research on the carbon sequestration function and other wetland carbon sequestration effects of coastal wetlands often uses the collection of organic carbon in soil, as well as the number of biomass and species groups in coastal wetlands. However, in developed technologies, the detection of carbon sequestration capacity often involves establishing sampling sites or static simulation silos in one or several types of coastal wetlands. After long-term sampling at a certain location, the carbon sequestration capacity of that type is determined.

However, coastal wetlands are sensitive and vulnerable areas to global change. Due to factors such as biological activities, human activities, and climate, coastal wetlands are often in a state of change. For example, some coastal wetlands disappear, some artificial coastal wetlands, and some types of coastal wetlands change due to human activities or biological invasion.

Still, the carbon sequestration forms and carbon sequestration capacity of different types of coastal wetlands vary greatly, taking salt marshes, mangroves and mudflat as examples:

Among them, salt marshes and mangroves belong to productive carbon sequestration wetlands, while mudflat belong to input carbon sequestration wetlands. The main carbon sequestration capacity of salt marshes and mangroves is often through photosynthesis of plants, while mudflat receive carbon input from surrounding areas, such as mangroves, salt marshes or coastal seagrass beds.

Therefore, when coastal wetlands occur changes, their carbon sequestration capacity often changes accordingly. If tested according to developed technology's carbon sequestration effect testing method, it is often difficult to accurately evaluate the carbon sequestration effect of coastal _ 76 wetlands and provide theoretical guidance for the management of native coastal wetlands.

Therefore, how to accurately evaluate the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands and provide theoretical guidance for the management of coastal wetlands has become an urgent technical problem to be solved.

Disclosure of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands, in order to solve the technical problem of accurately evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands and providing theoretical guidance for the management of coastal wetlands.

To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following plan:

According to the first aspect, this application embodiments provides a method for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands, including: obtaining a set of remote sensing images of the coastal wetland to be evaluated within a preset time period; Identify the evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set, including conversion data between different types of wetlands and net change data of each type of coastal wetland in addition to conversion data; Evaluate the carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland based on the conversion data and the net change data, and obtain the carbon sequestration effect evaluation result; Among them, the carbon sequestration form and carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland corresponding to the conversion data are different from the carbon sequestration form and carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland corresponding to the net change data.

Optionally, the evolution data for identifying different types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set includes: identifying the types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set separately; Determine the area data of each type of coastal wetland to be evaluated in each remote sensing image based on the identified types of coastal wetlands, Determine the conversion area between different types of wetlands and the net change area of each type of coastal wetland except for conversion data based on the temporal sequence of the remote sensing image set and the area data; Take the conversion data of the conversion area and the net change data of the net change area as the evolution data.

Optionally, the carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated is evaluated based on the conversion data and the net change data, and the carbon sequestration effect evaluation result includes: determining the net change evaluation result based on the net change data and the type of coastal wetland that has undergone the net change, wherein, The net change data refers to the area and type of coastal wetlands that have changed from non coastal wetlands to coastal wetlands or from coastal wetlands to non coastal wetlands; Determine the first type and conversion area of the coastal wetland before and after the conversion based on the conversion data; Determine the conversion evaluation result based on the conversion area using the first 05176 weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type; The sum of the net change assessment results and the conversion assessment results is used as the carbon sequestration effect assessment result.

Optionally, the types of coastal wetlands include productive wetlands and input-based wetlands; The first type of wetland includes mangroves and/or salt marshes; The second type of wetland includes mudflat; The first weight coefficient is a1, where a1 is the recognition probability of the conversion area of the coastal wetland being mangroves and/or salt marshes; The second weight coefficient is b1, wherein b1 is the recognition probability of the conversion area of the coastal wetland as mudflat, where the sum of a1 and b1 is less than or equal to 1; The conversion evaluation result is determined based on the conversion area using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type, including: taking the product of the preset carbon sequestration capacity of the mangrove and/or salt marsh under the conversion area of the mangrove and/or salt marsh and the first weight coefficient as the first evaluation result in the wetland conversion process; The product of the preset carbon sequestration capacity of the mudflat under the conversion area and the second weight coefficient is taken as the second evaluation result in the process of wetland conversion;

Take the sum of the first evaluation result and the second evaluation result as the conversion evaluation result.

Optionally, the first type of wetland includes mudflat; The second type of wetland includes mangroves and/or salt marshes; The first weight coefficient is 1+b2, wherein b2 is the recognition probability of the conversion area of the coastal wetland to mudflat; The second weight coefficient is a2, where a2 is the recognition probability of the conversion area of the coastal wetland being mangroves and/or salt marshes, where the sum of a2 and b2 is less than or equal to 1; The conversion evaluation result is determined by using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type based on the conversion area, including: the product of the preset carbon sequestration capacity of the mudflat under the conversion area and the first weight coefficient is taken as the third evaluation result in the process of wetland conversion; The fourth evaluation result in the wetland conversion process is the product of the predetermined carbon sequestration capacity of the mangrove and/or salt marsh under the conversion area and the second weight coefficient; Take the sum of the third evaluation result and the fourth evaluation result as the conversion evaluation result.

Optionally, the first weight coefficient is 1+b2 times c, where c is the increase factor of deposition efficiency and c is greater than 1.

Optionally, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are adjusted based on the duration of the conversion, where the longer the distance from the conversion, the smaller the first weight coefficient, and the greater the second weight coefficient.

Optionally, it also includes: identifying different types of coastal wetland areas in the remote e176 sensing image set; Obtain environmental information within the preset time period; Adjust the evaluation results of the carbon sequestration effect based on the environmental information.

According to the second aspect, this application embodiment provides a coastal wetland carbon sequestration effect evaluation system, which includes: an acquisition module for obtaining remote sensing image sets within a predetermined time period of the coastal wetland to be evaluated; The identification module is used to separately identify the evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set. The evolution data includes conversion data between different types of wetlands and net change data of each type of coastal wetland except for conversion data; An evaluation module for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated based on the conversion data and the net change data, and obtaining the carbon sequestration effect evaluation results; Among them, the carbon sequestration form and carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland corresponding to the conversion data are different from the carbon sequestration form and carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland corresponding to the net change data.

The above method and system in this invention, when evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands, especially for wetlands in areas with frequent changes, not only qualitatively analyses developed wetland areas with developed technologies, but also comprehensively considers the evolution data of the coastal wetlands, including the types of evolution, types of wetlands before and after evolution, carbon sequestration forms before and after evolution, and carbon sequestration capacity before and after evolution. A comprehensive evaluation of the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands, including factors such as carbon sequestration before and after evolution, can more accurately obtain the carbon sequestration effect of the wetlands to be evaluated.

Description of the drawings

The accompanying drawings described here are intended to provide a further understanding of this invention and form a part of it. The schematic embodiments and explanations of this invention are used to explain it and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the attached figure:

Figure 1 shows the flowchart of a method for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of a coastal wetland according to the present invention;

Figure 2 shows a flowchart of another method for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands according to the present invention;

Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the coastal wetland carbon sequestration effect evaluation system of the present invention.

Detailed description LU505176

In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of this invention, the specific implementation methods of this invention are explained by referring to attached images. The same labels in each figure represent components with the same structure 5 or similar structure but the same function.

Many specific details are elaborated in the following description to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from the ones described here. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

In the following description, multiple different aspects of the present invention will be described.

However, for ordinary technical personnel in the art, only some or all of the structures or processes of the present invention can be utilized to implement the present invention. For clarity of explanation, specific numbers, configurations, and sequences have been elaborated, but it is evident that the present invention can also be implemented without these specific details. In other cases, in order not to confuse the present invention, some well-known features will not be elaborated on in detail.

According to the background technology, existing technologies often evaluate the carbon sequestration effect of developed coastal wetlands based on their carbon sequestration effect.

The evaluation of the carbon sequestration effect of developed coastal wetlands is often more accurate, and coastal wetlands belong to relatively sensitive and fragile ecological environments.

Some external factors, such as climate, human activities, biological invasion, etc., may cause significant changes in coastal wetlands. Therefore, When qualitative analysis is conducted on developed coastal wetlands using existing technologies, the evaluation results are often not accurate enough when the type of coastal wetland changes. Therefore, the inventors found that coastal wetlands can be divided into developed areas and changing areas. Developed areas can be evaluated using existing techniques for qualitative analysis of mature coastal wetlands.

However, when evaluating carbon sequestration effects in changing areas, the evaluation results are often not accurate enough when using existing techniques for qualitative analysis of developed coastal wetlands, Especially for coastal wetlands with significant changes, in this application, the inventor divides the change area into net change areas and conversion areas.

Based on developed coastal carbon sequestration effect evaluation methods, the assessment of net change areas and conversion areas is added to accurately evaluate the carbon sequestration effect of the evaluated coastal wetlands.

Therefore, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands, achieving accurate estimation of the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetland ecosystems.

In order to make the above objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention more 51 76 apparent and understandable, the following will provide further detailed explanations of the present invention in conjunction with the attached images and specific implementation methods.

Figure 1 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of a coastal wetland in the embodiment of this invention, as shown in the figure. The method comprises:

S10. Obtain a set of remote sensing images of the coastal wetland to be evaluated within a predetermined time period. In this embodiment, the preset time period can be multiple different settings such as six months, one year, two years, three years, five years, or ten years. There are no restrictions. Obtain remote sensing images of the coastal wetlands at regular intervals within a preset time period. In this embodiment, the remote sensing image can be either a multispectral remote sensing image or a hyperspectral remote sensing image.

In this embodiment, the coastal wetlands can include developed coastal wetlands, which are not easily changing near the central area of various types of coastal wetlands, as well as evolutionary coastal wetlands, such as the edge areas of various types of coastal wetlands, which are more susceptible to changes due to environmental, human activities, or biological invasion.

In this embodiment, coastal wetlands can include many types, such as salt marshes, mangroves, mudflat, coastal seagrass beds, etc. Obtain hyperspectral image data and multispectral image data of wetlands collected by satellites. For example, hyperspectral image data can be captured by the first satellite in multiple time periods, with a size of 1185 x 1342 pixels, 285 tunnels, and the spatial resolution of the first satellite is 30m. Multispectral image data, such as multiple remote sensing images captured by a second satellite during the same time period, employs a size of 3555 x 4026, with 47 tunnels, the selected spatial resolution is 10m.

In this embodiment due to the different temporal and spatial resolutions of hyperspectral and multispectral image data, it is necessary to preprocess the hyperspectral and multispectral image data. In this embodiment, geographic information registration can be performed on the hyperspectral and multispectral image data. For example, performing spatial registration and atmospheric correction on images to compensate for the loss of classification caused by the time difference between the two types of image data. Due to the different resolutions and sizes of hyperspectral image data and multispectral image data, it is necessary to perform sampling on the hyperspectral image data. For example, sampling hyperspectral image data three times to make it the same size as multispectral image data.

S20. Identify the evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set, including conversion data between different types of wetlands and net change data of each type of coastal wetland, in addition to conversion data.

As an exemplary embodiment, a pretrained classification network can be used for classification to obtain different types of coastal wetlands. In one exemplary embodiment, the classification network model can be implemented in Python language and trained through real wetland remote sensing images. Of course, implementing a classification network model in other languages is not limited in this embodiment. The specific training process includes: firstly, randomly initializing all 05176 parameters of the model, then inputting training data, performing preprocessing operations such as geographic information registration on the data, inputting it into the classification network model for forward propagation, and obtaining output; Then, the constructed discriminant loss function and classification loss function are used to calculate the loss of the model at this time; Update model parameters through backpropagation and test the accuracy of the current model. Within a certain number of training rounds, the model parameters are continuously updated through backpropagation, and the model is saved every time the current optimal accuracy is exceeded, in order to obtain the final trained network model. In optional embodiments, the training parameters are set as follows: the training round is 200, the learning rate is 0.005, and the random gradient descent is used as the optimization function.

In this embodiment, after obtaining the classification results of coastal wetland types for each remote sensing image, the scope and area of each type of coastal wetland are determined, and the conversion area between different types of wetlands and the net change area of each type of coastal wetland other than the conversion data are determined based on the temporal sequence of the remote sensing image set and the area data.

As an example, there are 20 sets of remote sensing image sets photographed according to the time sequence, respectively determining the range and area of salt marshes, mangroves and mudflat in each remote sensing image, and determining the changes of each type of wetland according to the time sequence.

In one embodiment, the change can be divided into the types and areas of changes from non coastal wetlands to a certain type of coastal wetlands or several types of coastal wetlands.

In another embodiment, the change can also be the change type and change area from one type of coastal wetland to another or several types of coastal wetland, for example, mudflat becomes salt marsh and/or mangrove, or mangrove and/or salt marsh becomes mudflat.

Make statistics on the net change data of the net change area within the preset time period.

For example, the wetland type and net change area of the net change area, such as the mangrove disappearing area, the mangrove increasing area, the salt marsh disappearing area, the salt marsh increasing area, the mudflat disappearing area, and the mudflat increasing area. In this embodiment, the change of net change area may be caused by environmental, human activities and other factors, for example, the destruction of mangroves or salt marshes leads to the disappearance of some mangroves, or the artificial construction of mangroves or salt marshes increases mangroves or salt marshes, and for example, the reclamation or landfill of mudflat leads to the disappearance of mudflat.

Make statistics of the conversion data of the conversion area within the preset time period. For example, the wetland type and conversion area of the conversion area, for example, the influence of sea level or temperature or other climatic factors leads to the degradation of mangroves or salt marshes into mudflat, For another example, when salt marshes or mangrove plants invade mudflat, the area of mudflat decreases and salt marshes or mangroves increase. The area where, 505176 the type of coastal wetland changes serves as the conversion area.

In this embodiment, the change area and change type of the net change area, as well as the conversion area and conversion type of the conversion area, can be used as evolution data for different types of coastal wetlands.

S30. Evaluate the carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated based on the conversion data and the net change data, and obtain the carbon sequestration effect evaluation results.

In this embodiment, the net change area can be divided into increasing and decreasing areas.

In this embodiment, the increasing and decreasing areas of each wetland type can be separately counted. For each wetland type, when evaluating carbon sequestration capacity, the carbon sequestration capacity of the coastal wetland type corresponding to the reduced area can be reduced; For increased coastal wetlands, the carbon sequestration capacity of the increased area can be obtained by multiplying the type of coastal wetland corresponding to the increased area by the growth coefficient of the increased coastal wetland (which gradually approaches 1 as the wetland in the increased area matures). Due to the fact that the biological population of newly constructed coastal wetlands has not reached the level of developed coastal examples and is increasing over time, the carbon sequestration capacity can gradually increase from the initial carbon sequestration capacity to the preset carbon sequestration capacity of the corresponding type of coastal wetland. The initial carbon sequestration capacity can be 40-60% of the preset carbon sequestration capacity, and the preset carbon sequestration capacity can be the carbon sequestration capacity of the corresponding type of mature coastal wetland.

For carbon sequestration, as the original carbon sequestration in the reduced area will not change fundamentally in a short period of time, in this embodiment, the carbon sequestration in the reduced area can be counted and evaluated based on the original carbon sequestration.

When evaluating the carbon sequestration in the increased area, as there was no blue carbon deposition before the increase, new statistics can be added according to the increased time,

Furthermore, the assessment results of carbon sequestration effects such as carbon sequestration capacity and amount in the net change area can be obtained.

As an exemplary embodiment, the conversion area is converted from one wetland type to another, with both carbon sequestration capacity and carbon sequestration capacity before and after the conversion.

Different wetland types often have different carbon sequestration capabilities, amounts, and forms. For example, mangroves belong to coastal wetlands with productive carbon sequestrations, with the majority coming from plant absorption of carbon dioxide and the other part from input carbon, such as particulate and dissolved organic carbon brought by tides in the ocean, or particulate and dissolved organic carbon brought by rivers. The average carbon accumulation rate of the mangrove system is 194 g/m2/yr. Salt marshes belong to coastal wetlands with productive carbon sequestrations, with the majority coming from plants absorbing _ 76 carbon dioxide, while the other part comes from input carbon, such as particulate organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon brought by tides in the ocean, or particulate organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon brought by rivers or carbon output from mangroves. The average carbon accumulation rate in salt marsh wetlands is 164 g/m2/yr. However, mudflat has less biomass and poor production capacity. Therefore, the main source of carbon is input-based carbon such as salt marshes, mangroves, or oceans. The average carbon accumulation rate of mudflat is 140 - 160 g/m2/yr respectively. Therefore, based on the different carbon sequestration capacity and carbon sequestration sources of different types of coastal wetlands, the conversion area can be evaluated based on the types before and after conversion and the area of the conversion area.

Due to the fact that the conversion area is not a sudden change, but a dynamic change, it is possible that the conversion area has both the carbon sequestration form and carbon sequestration capacity of the coastal wetland types before and after conversion. Therefore, in this embodiment, when evaluating the conversion area, the area of the conversion area, the type of wetland before and after the conversion can be comprehensively considered to evaluate the carbon sequestration capacity and amount of the conversion area, in order to accurately evaluate the carbon sequestration effect of the conversion area.

In this embodiment, when evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated, especially for wetlands in areas with frequent changes, in addition to qualitative analysis of developed wetland areas in existing technology, comprehensive consideration is also given to the evolution data of the coastal wetland, including the evolution type, wetland types before and after evolution, carbon sequestration forms before and after evolution, and carbon sequestration capacity before and after evolution, A comprehensive evaluation of the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands to be evaluated, including factors such as carbon sequestration before and after evolution, can more accurately obtain the carbon sequestration effect of the wetlands.

In addition, after the conversion of different types of coastal wetlands, their original carbon sequestration forms may disappear or increase. For example, when mudflat are converted into mangroves or salt marshes, their original input carbon sequestration capacity has not decreased, butinstead, due to the blocking of mangroves or salt marshes, the tidal flow slows down, further increasing the carbon input from the tide of ocean, and increasing the carbon sequestration capacity of input carbon. If mangroves or salt marshes are converted into mudflat, their production capacity will gradually be lost, and their carbon sequestration form will become a separate input carbon sequestration form. Due to the loss of plant barriers, the tide flow will accelerate, which can accelerate the carbon input into the ocean, causing a certain amount of carbon loss, which will flow into the ocean. Therefore, the carbon sequestration effect of the conversion area cannot be evaluated based on the current coastal wetland type. If the conversion area is too fast or too large, without considering the changes in carbon sequestration form or capacity caused by wetland type conversion in the conversion area, it is likely to result in overall inaccurate carbon 05176 sequestration effect evaluation results.

Therefore, as shown in Figure 2, the carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated is evaluated based on the conversion data and the net change data, and the carbon sequestration effect evaluation results include the following steps:

S31. Determine the net change assessment results based on the net change data and the type of coastal wetland that has conducted the net change, where the net change data represents the change area of non coastal wetland to coastal wetland or the change area of coastal wetland to non coastal wetland and the type of coastal wetland that has undergone the change;

S32. Determine the first type and conversion area of the coastal wetland before and after the conversion based on the conversion data.

S33. Determine the conversion evaluation result based on the conversion area using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type.

S34. Use the sum of the net change assessment results and the conversion assessment results as the carbon sequestration effect assessment results.

For step S31, in this embodiment, the net change area can be divided into an increase area and a decrease area. Among them, the increase area is the area where the non coastal wetland changes to a coastal wetland, and the decrease area is the area where the coastal wetland changes to a non coastal wetland.

In this embodiment, the increasing and decreasing areas of each wetland type, as well as the types of coastal wetlands that appear changes, can be separately counted. For each wetland type, when evaluating carbon sequestration capacity, the carbon sequestration capacity of the corresponding coastal wetland types with reduced area can be reduced; The carbon sequestration capacity of the increased area can be obtained by multiplying the type of coastal wetland corresponding to the increased area by the growth coefficient (which gradually approaches 1 as the wetlands in the increased area mature). Due to the fact that the biological population of newly constructed coastal wetlands has not reached the level of developed coastal examples and is increasing over time, the carbon sequestration capacity can gradually reach the preset carbon sequestration capacity from the initial carbon sequestration capacity. The initial carbon sequestration capacity can be 40-60% of the preset carbon sequestration capacity, and the preset carbon sequestration capacity can be the carbon sequestration capacity of the corresponding type of mature coastal wetlands.

For steps S32 and S33, after identifying the types of coastal wetlands according to the time sequence, and then comparing them before and after the time sequence, the conversion data of coastal wetland types in the preset time period can be obtained, such as the wetland types before and after conversion, and the area of the conversion area that has appeared conversion within the preset time period.

Due to the fact that the original carbon sequestration forms of different types of coastal 05176 wetlands may disappear or increase before and after conversion, the weight of carbon sequestration effects varies among different types of conversion.

In this embodiment, the first type of coastal wetland before conversion corresponds to the first weight coefficient, The second type of coastal wetland after conversion corresponds to the second weight coefficient. In this embodiment, the weight coefficients corresponding to different types before conversion are different, and the weight coefficients corresponding to different types after conversion are also different.

Exemplary, the first type of wetland includes mangroves and/or salt marshes; The second type of wetland includes mudflat as an example. The conversion area is from mangrove and/or salt marsh to mudflat. Before the conversion, mangrove and/or salt marsh mainly produce carbon by plants. During the conversion process, the carbon production capacity gradually decreases, and the input carbon can be maintained or reduced. Therefore, the conversion area not only retains the carbon sequestration capacity of the first type before the conversion, but also adds the carbon sequestration capacity of the second type after the conversion. When evaluating the carbon sequestration effect, the conversion evaluation results can be determined based on the conversion area using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type. The carbon sequestration capacity of the first type of exemplary coastal wetland is A, and the carbon sequestration capacity of the second type of coastal wetland is B. As the conversion area is a developing type of coastal wetland, when evaluating the carbon sequestration capacity of the conversion area, A needs to be multiplied by the first weight coefficient to obtain the carbon sequestration capacity of the first type during the conversion process, and B needs to be multiplied by the second weight coefficient to obtain the second type of carbon sequestration capacity during the conversion process, The sum of the first type of carbon sequestration capacity and the second type of carbon sequestration capacity is used as the evaluation result of the carbon sequestration effect in the conversion area.

As an exemplary embodiment, the recognition of the conversion area is obtained by classifying the remote sensing image, which is usually classified according to the prominent features of certain types of wetlands. The features of the conversion area may not be particularly obvious.

Therefore, the recognition probability can be used to determine the conversion degree of the current conversion area. For example, the conversion of salt marsh to mudflat is that the characteristics of salt marsh plants gradually weaken with the degradation of salt marsh plants,

The characteristics of mudflat gradually increase, and the degradation may be a relatively slow process. Therefore, there are salt marsh plant characteristics in the conversion area, and there are also mudflat characteristics. The identification probability can be used to characterize the number of salt marsh plants, and then to characterize the degree of salt marsh degradation or the conversion degree of mudflat.

In this embodiment, the first type of wetland includes mangroves and/or salt marshes; The 505176 second type of wetland includes the mudflat as an example, that is, taking the conversion of salt marsh or mangrove to mudflat as an example for specific description:

The first weight coefficient is a1, where a1 is the recognition probability of the conversion area of the coastal wetland being mangroves and/or salt marshes; The second weight coefficient is b1, where b1 is the recognition probability of the conversion area of the coastal wetland as mudflat, where the sum of a1 and b1 is less than or equal to 1.

The conversion evaluation results determined based on the conversion area using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type include:

The product of the preset carbon sequestration capacity of the mangrove and/or salt marsh under the conversion area and the first weight coefficient is used as the first evaluation result in the wetland conversion process;

The product of the preset carbon sequestration capacity of the mudflat under the conversion area and the second weight coefficient is taken as the second evaluation result in the process of wetland conversion;

As an exemplary embodiment, in the process of converting mangroves or salt marshes to mudflat, the production capacity gradually decreases and becomes an input carbon sequestration capacity. Therefore, when evaluating the carbon sequestration effect, the preset (original) carbon sequestration capacity can be multiplied by the corresponding recognition probability (weight) to obtain the carbon sequestration capacity of the types included in the conversion area (types of before conversion and after conversion). Among them, the carbon sequestration capacity of the conversion area can be the product of the carbon sequestration capacity A of the first type of coastal wetland and the first weight coefficient a1, and the carbon sequestration capacity of the second type of coastal wetland can be the sum of the product of B and the second weight coefficient b1.

As another optional embodiment, the first type of wetland includes mudflat; The second type of wetland includes salt marsh or mangrove, that is, taking the conversion of mudflat to salt marsh or mangrove as an example for specific description:

In the process of conversion from mudflat to salt marsh or mangrove, the original mudflat not only increases production capacity, but also increases sedimentation efficiency. Taking the conversion of mudflat to salt marsh as an example, the salt marsh is Spartina alterniflora. After

Spartina alterniflora invaded the mudflat, it not only increased the input of plant biomass and organic litter, but also its dense vegetation can slow down the flow, accelerate the accumulation of sediment, and improve the sedimentation rate.

In the process of conversion from mudflat to salt marsh or mangrove, vegetation will increase, 5051 76 and vegetation branches and leaves will be added in the soil. Therefore, the sedimentation capacity will increase when the original mudflat sedimentation capacity remains unchanged.

Therefore, the first weight coefficient is 1+b2, where b2 is the recognition probability of the conversion area of the coastal wetland as mudflat; In the process of conversion from mudflat to salt marsh or mangrove, the production capacity changes from almost no to gradually increasing.

Therefore, the second weight coefficient is a2, where a2 is the recognition probability that the conversion area of the coastal wetland is mangrove and/or salt marsh, where the sum of a2 and b2 is less than or equal to 1.

The product of the preset carbon sequestration capacity of the mudflat under the conversion area and the first weight coefficient is taken as the third evaluation result in the process of wetland conversion;

The fourth evaluation result in the wetland conversion process is the product of the predetermined carbon sequestration capacity of the mangrove and/or salt marsh under the conversion area and the second weight coefficient;

Take the sum of the third evaluation result and the fourth evaluation result as the conversion evaluation result.

Taking into account various situations during the conversion process, a more accurate assessment of the carbon sequestration effect in the conversion area can be made.

In an optional embodiment, in order to further accurately evaluate the carbon sequestration effect of the conversion area, during the conversion from mudflat to salt marsh or mangrove, dense vegetation can slow down the flow, accelerate the accumulation of sediment, and improve the deposition rate. Therefore, 1+b2 times c, where c is the increase in deposition efficiency, and c is greater than 1. In this embodiment, c can gradually increase with the increase of plants in the conversion area. In this embodiment, c can also be positively correlated with the recognition probability of the second type, that is, c is positively correlated with the recognition probability of salt marshes or mangroves.

As an exemplary embodiment, in the process of converting from the first type to the second type, as time increases, it becomes closer to the second type. Therefore, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are adjusted based on the duration of the conversion, where the longer the time from the conversion, the smaller the first weight coefficient, and the larger the second weight coefficient.

As an exemplary embodiment, when evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands in the assessed area, the sum of the results of the net change area carbon sequestration effect evaluation, the conversion area carbon sequestration effect evaluation, and the mature area carbon sequestration effect evaluation is used. In this embodiment, the carbon sequestration 505176 amount, carbon sequestration capacity, and other carbon sequestration effects are also affected by the environment. Therefore, identify different types of coastal wetland areas in the remote sensing image set separately; Obtain environmental information within the preset time period;

Adjust the evaluation results of the carbon sequestration effect based on the environmental information.

As exemplary, the environmental information includes temperature information; The adjustment of the evaluation results of the carbon sequestration effect based on the environmental information includes: determining the organic carbon decomposition coefficient based on the temperature information; Adjust the evaluation results of the carbon sequestration effect based on the decomposition coefficient. The increase of average temperature will accelerate the decomposition rate of organic carbon, especially for mudflat where the input carbon sequestration is the main form. Therefore, in this embodiment, the carbon sequestration effect needs to be adjusted based on temperature information.

In addition, when evaluating the carbon sequestration effect in the latitude region of deciduous, it is also necessary to consider whether the germination and growth of plants are smooth. In spring, plants are in the germination stage, and if there is too much rainwater at this time, it may affect plant germination, leading to a decrease in plant production capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain spring rainfall and determine the organic carbon generation coefficient based on the spring rainfall amount; Adjust the evaluation results of the carbon sequestration effect based on the organic carbon generation coefficient. In this embodiment, the organic carbon generation coefficient can be obtained based on experience or experiments.

As another alternative embodiment, the coastal wetland also includes seagrass beds.

Therefore, it is necessary to identify the transparency of the coastal seawater. In this embodiment, remote sensing images can be used to identify the transparency of the coastal seawater. The higher transparency, the stronger carbon sequestration ability of the seagrass bed, and the better carbon sequestration effect. Therefore, based on the remote sensing images, the seawater transparency of the preset time period can be recognized to obtain the average transparency,

Based on the average transparency, the preset carbon sequestration capacity of the seagrass bed is adjusted to obtain the evaluation results of the carbon sequestration effect of the seagrass bed.

As an exemplary embodiment, after obtaining remote sensing images of coastal wetlands within a predetermined time period, future coastal wetland evolution data to be evaluated can be predicted based on the evolution data within the predetermined time period, and the predetermined evolution data can be obtained. Based on the predicted evolution data, the coastal wetland to be evaluated can be predicted. Furthermore, targeted improvements can be provided, such as participating in preventing the weakening of carbon sequestration capacity.

As another alternative embodiment, obtain the organic carbon types and the organic carbon, 505176 content of each type in the soil samples of the coastal wetland to be evaluated, including production organic carbon and input organic carbon; Determine the carbon sequestration amount within the preset time period based on the changes in production organic carbon and input organic carbon during the preset time period.

In this embodiment, soil profiles are excavated and plant biomass is collected on the designed sample points, with each profile excavated to a depth of 1m. Soil samples are collected at equal intervals of 0 — 10 cm, 10 — 20 cm, 20 — 30 cm, 30 - 40 cm, etc. Field work includes investigating the geographical location of soil profiles and the soil forming environment (topography, climate, vegetation, etc.).

The embodiment of this application also provides a coastal wetland carbon sequestration effect evaluation system, as shown in Figure 3, including: acquisition module 10 for obtaining remote sensing image sets within a preset time period of the coastal wetland; Identification module 20 for identifying the evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set, including conversion data between different types of wetlands and net change data of each type of coastal wetland except for conversion data; Evaluation module 30 is used to evaluate the carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated based on the conversion data and the net change data, and obtain the carbon sequestration effect evaluation results; Among them, the carbon sequestration form and carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland corresponding to the conversion data are different from the carbon sequestration form and carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland corresponding to the net change data.

In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are only schematic, for example, the division of the units is only a logical functional division, and there may be other methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the various components displayed or discussed can be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

The units mentioned above as separate components can be or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units can be or may not be physical units; It can be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units; Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of this embodiment.

In addition, in various embodiments of this invention, all functional units can be integrated into a single processing unit, each unit can serve as a separate unit, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit; The integrated units mentioned above can be implemented in both hardware and software functional units.

General technical personnel in this field can understand that all or part of the steps 5051 76 implement the above method embodiments can be completed through hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, the program executes the steps including the above method of embodiments; The aforementioned storage media include various media that can store program code, such as mobile storage devices, Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), magnetic disks or optical discs.

Alternatively, if the integrated unit of the present invention is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the embodiments of this invention, or the portion that contributes to the existing technology, can be reflected in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a computing device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in each embodiment of this invention. The aforementioned storage media include various media that can store program code, such as mobile storage devices, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

The above is only a specific implementation of this invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited. Any skilled person familiar with the technical field within the scope of disclosure of the present invention can easily think of changes or replacements, which should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

LU5051 76 CLAIMS

1. A method for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands, including the steps of: — obtaining a set of remote sensing images of the coastal wetland to be evaluated within a predetermined time period; — identifying the evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set, including conversion data between different types of wetlands and net change data of each type of coastal wetland in addition to conversion data; — evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland based on the conversion data and the net change data, and obtain the carbon sequestration effect evaluation result, the carbon sequestration form and effect of the coastal wetland corresponding to the conversion data being different from the carbon sequestration form and carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland corresponding to the net change data.

2. The method for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands according to claim 1, wherein the step of identifying the evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set comprises: — identifying the types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set separately; — determining the area data of each type of coastal wetland to be evaluated in each remote sensing image based on the identified types of coastal wetlands; — determining the conversion area between different types of wetlands and the net change area of each type of coastal wetland except for conversion data based on the temporal sequence of the remote sensing image set and the area data; — taking the conversion data of the conversion area and the net change data of the net change area as the evolution data.

3. The method for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands according to claim 2, wherein the step of evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland based on the conversion data and the net change data comprises: — determining the net change assessment results based on the net change data and the type of coastal wetland that has undergone the net change, wherein — the net change data refers to the change area of non coastal wetland to coastal wetland or — the change area of coastal wetland to non coastal wetland and the type of coastal wetland that has undergone the change;

— determining the first type and conversion area of the coastal wetland before and after he 05176 conversion based on the conversion data; — determining the conversion evaluation result based on the conversion area using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type; — using the sum of the net change assessment results and the conversion assessment results as the carbon sequestration effect assessment result.

4. The method for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands according to claim 3, wherein — the first type of wetland includes mangroves and/or salt marshes; — the second type of wetland includes mudflat; — the first weight coefficient is a1, where a1 is the recognition probability of the conversion area of the coastal wetland being mangroves and/or salt marshes; — the second weight coefficient is b1, wherein b1 is the recognition probability of the conversion area of the coastal wetland as mudflat, where the sum of a1 and b1 is smaller or equal to 1; — the conversion evaluation results determined based on the conversion area using the first weight coefficient corresponding to the first type and the second weight coefficient corresponding to the second type include: — using the product of the preset carbon sequestration capacity of the mangrove and/or salt marsh under the conversion area and the first weight coefficient as the first evaluation result in the wetland conversion process; — taking the product of the preset carbon sequestration capacity of the mudflat under the conversion area and the second weight coefficient as the second evaluation result in the process of wetland conversion; — taking the sum of the first evaluation result and the second evaluation result as the conversion evaluation result.

5. The method for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands according to claim 3, wherein — the first type of wetland includes mudflat; — the second type of wetland includes mangroves and/or salt marshes; — he first weight coefficient is 1+b2, wherein b2 is the recognition probability of the conversion area of the coastal wetland to mudflat;

— the second weight coefficient is a2, where a2 is the recognition probability of fe 5051 76 conversion area of the coastal wetland being mangroves and/or salt marshes, where the sum of a2 and b2 is smaller or equal to 1; — the product of the preset carbon sequestration capacity of the mudflat under the conversion area and the first weight coefficient is taken as the third evaluation result in the process of wetland conversion; — the fourth evaluation result in the wetland conversion process is the product of the preset carbon sequestration capacity of the mangrove and/or salt marsh under the conversion area and the second weight coefficient; — the sum of the third evaluation result and the fourth evaluation result are taken as the conversion evaluation result.

6. The method for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands according to claim 5, wherein the first weighting coefficient is 1+b2 times c, wherein c is the multiple of sedimentation efficiency increase, and c is greater than 1.

7. The method for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands according to claim 4, wherein the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are adjusted based on the duration of the conversion, wherein the longer the distance from the conversion, the smaller the first weight coefficient, and the greater the second weight coefficient.

8. The method for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands according to claim 1 further comprising: — identifying the coastal wetland areas of different types in the remote sensing image set. — obtaining environmental information within the preset time period; — adjusting the assessment result of the carbon sequestration effect based on the environmental information.

9. The method for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of coastal wetlands according to claim 8, wherein — the environmental information includes temperature information; — the adjustment of the evaluation results of the carbon sequestration effect based on the environmental information includes: — determining the decomposition coefficient of organic carbon based on the temperature information; — adjusting the evaluation results of the carbon sequestration effect based on the decomposition coefficient; and/or:

— the environmental information includes spring rainfall amount; LU505176 — the adjustment of the evaluation results of the carbon sequestration effect based on the environmental information includes: — determining the organic carbon generation coefficient based on the spring rainfall amount: — adjusting the evaluation results of the carbon sequestration effect based on the organic carbon generation coefficient.

10. A coastal wetland carbon sequestration effect evaluation system for performing the method of any of the preceding claims, comprising an acquisition module, an identification module and an evaluation module, wherein — the acquisition module is used to obtain a set of remote sensing images of the coastal wetland to be evaluated within a preset time period; — the identification module is used to separately identify the evolution data of different types of coastal wetlands in the remote sensing image set, the evolution data including conversion data between different types of wetlands and net change data of each type of coastal wetland except for conversion data; — the evaluation module is used for evaluating the carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland to be evaluated based on the conversion data and the net change data, and obtaining the carbon sequestration effect evaluation results, the carbon sequestration form and carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland corresponding to the conversion data being different from the carbon sequestration form and carbon sequestration effect of the coastal wetland corresponding to the net change data.