CN115933211B - Wave separator for coaxial polychromatic laser beam with very small wavelength difference - Google Patents
Wave separator for coaxial polychromatic laser beam with very small wavelength difference Download PDFInfo
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- CN115933211B CN115933211B CN202211664977.4A CN202211664977A CN115933211B CN 115933211 B CN115933211 B CN 115933211B CN 202211664977 A CN202211664977 A CN 202211664977A CN 115933211 B CN115933211 B CN 115933211B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a splitter for coaxial polychromatic laser beams with extremely small wavelength difference, which comprises a laser calibration light path, a dispersion light path, a lighting light path and a measuring mechanism; the laser output by the dual-frequency laser enters a dispersion light path after being regulated by a laser calibration light path, the dispersion light path realizes the light beam diffraction dispersion light splitting, and the laser after the dispersion light splitting reversely enters a measurement light path through a lighting light path. The invention utilizes the high dispersion of diffraction grating, realizes twice grazing incidence and one-time auto-collimation diffraction in a shorter optical path by designing an optical path, and the chromatic dispersion and lighting do not influence the output and application of main-path laser during working, thereby successfully realizing the physical position separation of coaxial multicolor laser with the minimum wavelength difference of 10 pm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of beam splitting, and particularly relates to a splitter for coaxial polychromatic laser beams with extremely small wavelength differences.
Background
The beam splitter is widely applied to the field of spectral measurement and optical communication. In the field of spectral measurement, in order to realize accurate measurement of laser spectrum lines, the wavelength resolution of a spectrometer needs to be improved, and it is necessary to design a branching optical path with extremely high dispersion rate. Conventional dispersive optical elements, including dispersive prisms, birefringent filters, etc., cannot meet the requirements of high resolution spectral testing due to their low resolution. In the field of optical communications, in order to improve the capability of optical fiber to transmit information, a wavelength division multiplexing WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) technology is generally used, two or more optical waves with different wavelengths are converged together at a transmitting end through a multiplexer, and propagated in the same optical fiber, and physical separation of the optical waves is realized at a receiving end through a demultiplexer or a demultiplexer. The spectroscopic ability of the optical path is generally improved by two methods: 1. a high-dispersion optical element is selected, so that the angle resolution of an optical path is improved; 2. the optical path length of the spectroscopic optical path is enlarged to improve the line resolution. Optical elements with high dispersive power include echelle gratings and diffraction gratings, but the echelle gratings use extremely high diffraction orders, and in order to receive laser light of a specific diffraction order, extremely complex and precise optical path structures need to be designed. By expanding the optical path and the optical path, the line resolution is improved, which means that the occupied space of the optical path is multiplied, and the application requirement of miniaturization of the system is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a demultiplexer for coaxial polychromatic laser beams with very small wavelength differences, which solves one or more of the above-mentioned technical problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a splitter for coaxial polychromatic laser beam with very small wavelength difference comprises a laser calibration light path, a dispersion light path, a lighting light path and a measuring mechanism; the laser output by the dual-frequency laser enters a dispersion light path after being regulated by a laser calibration light path, the dispersion light path realizes the light beam diffraction dispersion light splitting, and the laser after the dispersion light splitting reversely enters a measurement light path through a lighting light path.
In the above technical scheme, the laser calibration light path includes a near point adjusting mirror, a far point adjusting mirror and a collimating lens, the near point adjusting mirror is arranged on the laser light path output by the dual-frequency laser, the far point adjusting mirror is arranged on the reflecting light path of the near point adjusting mirror, and the collimating lens is arranged in the reflecting light path direction of the far point adjusting mirror.
In the above technical solution, the dispersion optical path includes a grazing incidence grating and an auto-collimation grating, the grazing incidence grating is disposed on a transmission optical path of the collimation lens, the auto-collimation grating is disposed on a diffraction optical path of the grazing incidence grating, and the grazing incidence grating is disposed on a reflection optical path of the auto-collimation grating.
In the above technical scheme, the lighting light path includes a lighting lens, a lambda 1 reflecting mirror and a lambda 2 reflecting mirror, the lighting lens is arranged between the far point adjusting mirror and the collimating lens, the collimating lens is positioned on a transmission light path of the lighting lens, and the lambda 1 reflecting mirror and the lambda 2 reflecting mirror are respectively arranged on a reflection light path of laser with wavelength lambda 1、λ2 after being split and reflected by the lighting lens;
In the above technical scheme, the measuring mechanism includes two sets of measuring light paths respectively disposed on the reflection light paths of the λ 1 mirror and the λ 2 mirror, and each set of measuring light path includes a neutral density plate, a coupling lens and a wavelength meter sequentially disposed along the light path direction.
In the technical scheme, the near point adjusting mirror and the far point adjusting mirror are all 45-degree total reflection mirrors.
In the above technical solution, only one diffraction order of the grazing incidence grating and the auto-collimation grating is provided, and both are high-reticle-density gratings.
In the above technical scheme, the lighting mirror is a partial mirror or a semi-transparent semi-reflective mirror.
In the above technical scheme, the lambda 1 reflecting mirror is a hemispherical total reflecting mirror or a high-resolution linear array CCD.
In the above technical solution, the neutral density sheet is a rotatable neutral density sheet.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The invention provides a splitter for coaxial polychromatic laser beams with extremely small wavelength differences, which is applied to the fields of spectrum measurement and optical wave demultiplexing, and needs to realize physical position separation of the coaxial polychromatic laser beams with extremely small wavelength differences so as to respectively obtain the information of the intensity, wavelength or line width and the like of the laser beams with different wavelengths; the invention designs a diffraction beam splitting optical path, adopts double grating dispersion beam splitting, and minimally realizes laser beam splitting with a wavelength difference of 10 pm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
Wherein:
1 near point adjusting mirror 2 far point adjusting mirror
3-Light collecting lens 4-collimating lens
5 Grazing incidence grating 6 auto-collimation grating
7 Lambda 1 mirror 8 lambda 2 mirror
9 Neutral density sheet 10 coupling lens
11 Wavemeters.
Other relevant drawings may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art from the above figures without undue burden.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described below by means of specific embodiments in combination with the accompanying drawings of the specification.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a demultiplexer for coaxial polychromatic laser beam with very small wavelength difference comprises a laser calibration light path, a dispersion light path, a lighting light path and a measurement light path;
The laser calibration light path comprises a near point adjusting mirror 1, a far point adjusting mirror 2 and a collimating lens 4, wherein the near point adjusting mirror 1 is arranged on a laser light path output by the double-frequency laser, the far point adjusting mirror 2 is arranged on a reflecting light path of the near point adjusting mirror 1, and the collimating lens 4 is arranged in a reflecting light path direction of the far point adjusting mirror 2; the coaxial laser (beam diameter about 3 mm) with very small wavelength difference output by the dual-frequency laser is subjected to position adjustment by the near-point adjusting mirror 1 and the far-point adjusting mirror 2, so that the laser passes through the center of the collimating lens 4 and the beam is horizontal.
The dispersion light path comprises a grazing incidence grating 5 and an auto-collimation grating 6, the grazing incidence grating 5 is arranged on a transmission light path of the collimation lens 4, the auto-collimation grating 6 is arranged on a diffraction light path of the grazing incidence grating 5, and the grazing incidence grating 5 is positioned on a reflection light path of the auto-collimation grating 6; the grazing incidence grating 5 and the auto-collimation grating 6 have only one diffraction order and are high-line density gratings, and the grazing incidence angle or the number of lines of the gratings is determined according to the required dispersion capacity. The grazing incidence grating and the auto-collimation grating are combined to realize three-time diffraction dispersion of the light beam, the light beam passes through the grazing incidence grating twice and passes through the auto-collimation grating once, and the dispersion capacity is improved by times.
The lighting light path comprises a lighting lens 3, a collimating lens 4, a lambda 1 reflecting mirror 7 and a lambda 2 reflecting mirror 8, wherein the lighting lens 3 is arranged between a far point adjusting mirror 2 and the collimating lens 4, the collimating lens 4 is positioned on a transmission light path of the lighting lens 3, and the lambda 1 reflecting mirror 7 and the lambda 2 reflecting mirror 8 are respectively arranged on a light path of laser with wavelength lambda 1、λ2 after being split and reflected by the lighting lens 3; after the reflected light of the far point adjusting mirror 2 enters the light collecting mirror 3, the reflected light is divided into reflected light and transmitted light, the reflected light is used for other purposes such as beam shaping, power amplification and the like, the transmitted light is used as a dispersion light source to be injected into the collimating lens 4, the dispersed light reversely passes through the collimating lens 4, and the reflected light is deflected by 90 degrees after being reflected by the light collecting mirror 3, so that the physical position is thoroughly separated, and the wave separation is realized.
The collimating lens 4 is used as an important element of a laser calibrating light path and a lighting light path at the same time, and is used as a laser calibrating light path element to realize the collimation of divergent light beams output by a laser, so that the device is miniaturized; when the light beam is used as an important element of a lighting light path, the collimating lens can focus the dispersed light beam when the light beam is dispersed and reversely passes through the collimating lens, and the maximum separation is realized at the focus position.
The measuring light path comprises two groups, which are respectively arranged on the reflecting light paths of the lambda 1 reflecting mirror 7 and the lambda 2 reflecting mirror 8, each group of measuring light path comprises a neutral density sheet 9, a coupling lens 10 and a wavelength meter 11 which are sequentially arranged along the light path direction, single-frequency laser reflected by the lambda 1 reflecting mirror 7 and the lambda 2 reflecting mirror 8 is respectively coupled into a signal optical fiber through the neutral density sheet and the coupling lens, and the signal optical fiber inputs the collected optical signals into the wavelength meter so as to realize accurate measurement of two wavelength and linewidth values of the double-frequency light.
In the embodiment, the near point adjusting mirror 1 and the far point adjusting mirror 2 are 45-degree total reflection mirrors with the diameter of 50 mm; the diameter of the collimating lens is 50mm.
In this embodiment, the grazing incidence angle of the grazing incidence grating 5 is about 89 °, and the number of lines of both the grazing incidence grating 5 and the autocollimating grating 6 is 3000gr/mm.
In this embodiment, the lighting mirror 3 is a partially reflecting mirror.
In this embodiment, the lambda 1 mirror 7 is a half-round total reflection mirror.
In this embodiment, the neutral density patch 9 is a rotatable neutral density patch.
The wave-dividing process of this embodiment:
The coaxial laser (with the beam diameter of about 3 mm) with extremely small wavelength difference output by the dual-frequency laser passes through a near point adjusting mirror 1 and a far point adjusting mirror 2, and the near point adjusting mirror 1 and the far point adjusting mirror 2 are used as near point adjusting positions and far point adjusting positions of light path adjustment, so that the near point adjusting mirror 1 and the far point adjusting mirror 2 are adjusted to enable the laser to pass through the center of a collimating lens and the beam level. The coaxial dual-frequency light reflected by the near point adjusting mirror 1 and the far point adjusting mirror 2 passes through the light collecting mirror 3, the reflected laser is used as main-path laser for shaping or amplifying and other applications, the transmitted light passes through the diffraction grating for dispersion and splitting, the transmitted laser needs to be collimated by the collimating lens due to certain divergence, and the collimated coaxial dual-frequency light passes through the grazing incidence grating for diffraction and splitting. Depending on the required dispersion power, the magnitude of the grazing incidence angle or the number of lines of the grating can be adjusted, the larger the grazing incidence angle, the more lines, the stronger the dispersion power, but it is necessary to ensure that there is only one diffraction order. In an example application, the glancing incidence angle is about 89 °, the number of two grating lines is 3000gr/mm. The laser after primary diffraction irradiates on the auto-collimation grating to carry out secondary diffraction beam splitting, the laser reflected by the auto-collimation grating carries out tertiary diffraction beam splitting through the grazing incidence grating again, at the moment, coaxial double-frequency laser has a certain space separation, the coaxial double-frequency laser reversely passes through the collimation lens, the focused light beam passes through the light collecting lens 3, the reflected light beam has the effect of splitting at the focal point, and at the moment, the splitting is finished.
The laser with the wavelength lambda 1 after the wave division is reflected, the laser with the wavelength lambda 2 is reflected by the lambda 1 reflecting mirror 7 and the lambda 2 reflecting mirror 8 respectively, the reflected single-frequency laser is coupled into corresponding signal optical fibers through the neutral density sheet 9 and the coupling lens 10 respectively, and the collected optical signals are input into the corresponding wavemeter 11 by the signal optical fibers so as to realize accurate measurement of the wavelength.
Through the light splitting and lighting measuring light path designed by the embodiment, the accurate and simultaneous measurement of the double-frequency light wavelength with the minimum wavelength difference of 10 pm@560-600 nm is successfully realized.
Example 2
Based on embodiment 1, in order to be applied to an instrument requiring high dispersion capability, the lambda 1 reflecting mirror 7 of this embodiment adopts a high resolution linear array CCD, and the lighting mirror 3 is a half-transparent half-reflecting mirror. The embodiment can realize that light beams with different wavelengths are irradiated on different positions of the CCD after being dispersed, the laser intensity with different wavelengths can be reversely deduced according to the light beam intensity at different positions, the wavelength resolution of 0.01nm can be realized in a visible light wave band of 560 nm-600 nm, and the high-resolution branching can be realized in other wave bands by changing gratings with different line numbers.
Example 3
Based on embodiment 1, in order to be applied to a DWDM demultiplexer, the number of lines of the grazing incidence grating 5 and the autocollimation grating 6 in this embodiment is 1000gr/mm, and the number of grating lines is adjusted for a communication band in this embodiment, so that extremely high dispersion resolution is realized, and the demultiplexing requirement of an 80-wave system or even more wave channels is satisfied.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention is composed of a laser calibration light path, a dispersion light path and a lighting light path, and the space separation of the polychromatic laser with extremely small wavelength difference is realized by utilizing a double diffraction grating through ingenious design of the light path, so that the accurate measurement or modulation of laser information is realized.
The laser calibration light path has two functions, and for space light input, the laser calibration light path firstly acts like a slit in a spectrometer, the pitching and the swaying of the light beam are guaranteed to meet the requirements by taking two reflectors as near and far point adjusting tools, finally, the light beam positioning is realized, the light path entering the rear end is not greatly deviated, and the whole rear end light path is guaranteed not to need to be adjusted in a large range; and the output light beams of the laser are mostly divergent light beams, so that the linear dispersion rate required for separating large light spots is larger for the same angular dispersion rate, the optical path is required to be longer, and a collimating lens is added in a laser calibration light path for realizing the collimation of the light beams for the miniaturization of the device.
The dispersion light path is key to realizing physical position separation of light beams, and ultra-high angular dispersion rate is realized through double grating dispersion, so that the physical position separation of the light beams is realized. Diffraction gratings are widely used in demultiplexers as high dispersion resolution optical elements, the resolution of the grating being determined by the number of lines the grating is irradiated to and the diffraction orders used. To increase the dispersive power of the grating, this can be achieved by increasing the grating ruling density and diffraction order. For a certain application wavelength, the grating equation determines the number of diffraction orders, and for a system with multiple diffraction orders, the lighting path becomes very complex. In order to improve the realizability of the rear-end lighting light path, an optical system with only first-order diffraction is selected, namely, for specific application wavelength, diffraction order can only be 1 through calculation of a grating equation, and a high-reticle-density grating is selected under the condition. For (560-600) nm application wavelength we have chosen holographic diffraction gratings with a reticle density as high as 3000gr/mm, the diffraction order being only 1. On the premise of determining the grating line density, in order to realize high dispersion resolution, the maximum irradiation of the line number can be realized only by increasing the incidence angle, namely the grazing incidence condition, and the dispersion capacity is improved to the maximum extent.
For optical systems requiring high dispersion, achieving the required dispersion resolution by only one diffraction is difficult to achieve. Meanwhile, in the optical system, the grazing incidence grating can be used as a dispersion element, and the diffraction beam width is far larger than that of the incident beam, so that the grazing incidence grating can also be used as a beam expanding element, and the beam after beam expansion can irradiate more reticles after passing through the grating, so that the dispersion rate is improved. Dye laser oscillators in order to achieve narrow linewidth output, the laser needs to be diffracted back and forth on a grazing incidence grating about 10 times. The dye laser oscillator is used by combining a grazing incidence grating with an auto-collimation grating by means of classical Littman cavity and Littrow cavity, namely, the grazing incidence grating is used for primary dispersion, the width of a light beam is enlarged while the grazing incidence grating is used for dispersion, and the auto-collimation grating is used for secondary diffraction through the auto-collimation grating, so that a diffraction light beam returns to the grazing incidence grating for small-angle incidence diffraction dispersion. The light beam realizes 3 times of diffraction dispersion through the process, passes through the grazing incidence grating twice and passes through the auto-collimation grating once, and the dispersion capacity is improved by times.
The light collecting light path realizes that the coaxial polychromatic laser with extremely small wavelength difference passes through the dispersion light path, and the dispersed light beam is conveniently extracted, so that the coaxial polychromatic laser is an important component of the demultiplexer. The lighting light path consists of two parts: one is a partial reflector, when the light beam passes through the partial reflector in the forward direction, part of light is transmitted as a dispersion light source, most of the light beam is reflected for other purposes (beam shaping, power amplification and the like), and after the light beam is dispersed, the light beam passing through the partial reflector in the backward direction is reflected and deflected for 90 degrees to realize physical position separation; the second is a collimating lens, the farther the transmission distance of the optical path after dispersion is, the stronger the linear dispersion of the light beam is, the light beam acts as a collimating light beam when passing through the collimating lens in the forward direction, and the collimating lens can focus the dispersed light beam when passing through the collimating lens in the reverse direction after the light beam dispersion is finished, so that the maximum separation is realized at the focus position. For the dual-frequency laser, the physical position of the light beam can be thoroughly separated through the semicircular reflecting mirror by the light beam separated through the lighting light path, the wave division is realized, the light beam is finally coupled into the signal optical fiber through two independent coupling devices, and the two wavelength and line width values of the dual-frequency light are independently and accurately measured through the wavemeter.
The invention utilizes the high dispersion of diffraction grating, realizes twice grazing incidence and one-time auto-collimation diffraction in a shorter optical path by designing the optical path, and is applied to dispersion and lighting without affecting the output and application of main-path laser. The coaxial multicolor laser physical position separation with the minimum wavelength difference of 10pm can be successfully realized through the invention.
The applicant declares that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that are easily conceivable within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed by the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention and the disclosure.
Claims (6)
1. A demultiplexer for coaxial polychromatic laser beams of very small wavelength difference, characterized by: the device comprises a laser calibration light path, a dispersion light path, a lighting light path and a measuring mechanism; the laser output by the dual-frequency laser enters a dispersion light path after being regulated by a laser calibration light path, the dispersion light path realizes the diffraction dispersion light splitting of the light beam, and the laser after the dispersion light splitting reversely enters a measurement light path through a lighting light path;
The laser calibration light path comprises a near point adjusting mirror (1), a far point adjusting mirror (2) and a collimating lens (4), wherein the near point adjusting mirror (1) is arranged on a laser light path output by the double-frequency laser, the far point adjusting mirror (2) is arranged on a reflecting light path of the near point adjusting mirror (1), and the collimating lens (4) is arranged in the reflecting light path direction of the far point adjusting mirror (2);
The dispersion light path comprises a grazing incidence grating (5) and an auto-collimation grating (6), the grazing incidence grating (5) is arranged on a transmission light path of the collimation lens (4), the auto-collimation grating (6) is arranged on a diffraction light path of the grazing incidence grating (5), and the grazing incidence grating (5) is positioned on a reflection light path of the auto-collimation grating (6);
The lighting light path comprises a lighting lens (3), a lambda 1 reflecting mirror (7) and a lambda 2 reflecting mirror (8), wherein the lighting lens (3) is arranged between a far point adjusting mirror (2) and a collimating lens (4), the collimating lens (4) is positioned on a transmission light path of the lighting lens (3), and the lambda 1 reflecting mirror (7) and the lambda 2 reflecting mirror (8) are respectively arranged on a reflection light path of laser with wavelength lambda 1、λ2 after being split and reflected by the lighting lens (3);
The measuring mechanism comprises two groups of measuring light paths which are respectively arranged on the reflecting light paths of the lambda 1 reflecting mirror (7) and the lambda 2 reflecting mirror (8), and each group of measuring light paths comprises a neutral density sheet (9), a coupling lens (10) and a wavelength meter (11) which are sequentially arranged along the light path direction.
2. The demultiplexer for a coaxial polychromatic laser beam with small wavelength difference as recited in claim 1, wherein: the near point adjusting mirror (1) and the far point adjusting mirror (2) are all 45-degree total reflection mirrors.
3. The demultiplexer for a coaxial polychromatic laser beam with small wavelength difference as recited in claim 1, wherein: only one of the diffraction orders of the grazing incidence grating (5) and the auto-collimation grating (6) is provided, and both are high-reticle-density gratings.
4. The demultiplexer for a coaxial polychromatic laser beam with small wavelength difference as recited in claim 1, wherein: the lighting mirror (3) is a partial reflecting mirror or a semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror.
5. The demultiplexer for a coaxial polychromatic laser beam with small wavelength difference as recited in claim 1, wherein: the lambda 1 reflecting mirror (7) is a semicircular total reflecting mirror or a high-resolution linear array CCD.
6. The demultiplexer for a coaxial polychromatic laser beam with small wavelength difference as recited in claim 1, wherein: the neutral density sheet (9) is a rotatable neutral density sheet.
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| CN104570221A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-29 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | Flexible-grid tunable dispersion compensation device based on liquid crystal array |
| CN109557618A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-02 | 上海高意激光技术有限公司 | WDM device |
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| US6713770B2 (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2004-03-30 | Cymer, Inc. | High resolution spectral measurement device |
| KR100734851B1 (en) * | 2005-12-01 | 2007-07-03 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Multi-wavelength selector |
| CN201623363U (en) * | 2010-02-09 | 2010-11-03 | 浙江大学 | Sweep frequency laser light source based on ultrafine tuned filter |
| US9746679B2 (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2017-08-29 | TeraDiode, Inc. | Wavelength beam combining laser systems utilizing lens roll for chief ray focusing |
| CN107272214B (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-08-13 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | The spectrum beam combination device of the spectrum width of diffraction compression twice is realized using grating and reflecting element |
| CN108592800B (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2019-08-20 | 中国计量科学研究院 | A kind of laser heterodyne interference measuring device and method based on plane mirror reflection |
| CN110412769B (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2020-06-23 | 武汉锐科光纤激光技术股份有限公司 | Optical fiber laser beam combiner |
| CN114994938B (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-10-25 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Dispersion enhanced optical element and spectrum beam combining, locking and measuring structure |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104570221A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-29 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | Flexible-grid tunable dispersion compensation device based on liquid crystal array |
| CN109557618A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-02 | 上海高意激光技术有限公司 | WDM device |
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