CN115929192A - Axial energy storage impactor and operation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an axial energy storage impactor and an operation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas drilling. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses an operation method of the axial energy storage impactor. The axial energy storage impactor disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, few in easily-damaged parts and high in reliability, high-frequency axial impact is realized without consuming drilling fluid energy, sufficient hydraulic energy can be ensured to assist in rock breaking and carrying, and the axial energy storage impactor is suitable for popularization and application.

Description

Axial energy storage impactor and operation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas drilling, in particular to an axial energy storage impactor and an operation method thereof.

Background

At present, as drilling progresses to deeper stratum, the hardness of rocks encountered by drilling is high, the abrasiveness is strong, the drillability extreme value is high, and in a directional well, a horizontal well and a large-displacement well, due to the supporting pressure effect of a well wall on a drilling tool, the drilling pressure and the torque cannot be effectively applied to a drill bit, so that the mechanical drilling speed is greatly reduced, the oil-gas exploration and development speed is reduced, and the development cost is greatly improved. The rotary percussion well drilling technology is a well drilling method combining rotation and impact on the basis of conventional rotary well drilling, and is characterized in that an impactor is mounted on a drill bit, and in the well drilling process, drilling fluid drives the impactor to generate high-frequency impact force which is continuously applied to the drill bit, so that the rotary percussion well drilling is realized. The rotary percussion drilling technology better utilizes the characteristics of high brittleness, low shearing strength and poor impact resistance of hard rocks, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the mechanical drilling speed. However, the rotary percussion drilling technology needs to consume the energy of the drilling fluid and convert the energy into the impact energy of the drill bit, and particularly, the energy of the rock breaking and carrying drilling fluid is insufficient along with the deepening of the well depth, so that the rock debris is repeatedly cut, and the mechanical drilling speed is reduced.

The key points of the exploration and development of petroleum and natural gas in China are gradually changed to deep wells, ultra-deep wells and extra-deep wells, and the number of well drilling is increased year by year. At present, the eastern region is the main power producing area of petroleum in China, the exploration rate of petroleum resources is 38%, and 53 hundred million tons of petroleum are stored in the deep layer; the oil resource amount of the western region accounts for 38 percent of the total resource amount of the whole country, wherein 73 percent of oil and gas are buried in deep stratum; the middle area is a natural gas concentration area, the exploration rate is extremely low, and 52% of natural gas resource amount is in a deep stratum. The oil gas is mainly distributed in deep stratum of 4000-8000 m, and high-efficiency rock breaking technology for deep wells and ultra-deep wells is urgently needed.

In the traditional rotary percussion drilling technology in the existing drilling tool market, due to the transitional consumption of drilling fluid energy, the rock breaking and carrying capacity is insufficient, rock debris cannot be timely and effectively discharged out of a well bottom to cause repeated cutting, the further improvement of the mechanical drilling speed is adversely affected, and the traditional rotary percussion drilling technology is difficult to adapt to a more complex deep stratum.

The energy storage type axial impact tool provided by the invention is different from the traditional rotary percussion drilling technology, the impactor completely applies certain high-frequency axial impact force to a rotary drill bit in a mechanical mode, the energy of drilling fluid is not consumed, the rock breaking efficiency can be obviously improved, the mechanical drilling speed is improved, the problem of the supporting pressure of a drilling tool in a well with a complex structure can be effectively solved, and the energy storage type axial impact tool has great practical significance for improving the drilling speed of a deep well and an ultra-deep well and the well with the complex structure and reducing the drilling cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides an axial energy storage impactor and an operation method thereof, which can drive a drill bit to realize high-frequency axial impact rock breaking, so that the rock breaking efficiency is improved, and the problem of dragging and pressing of a drilling tool in a well with a complex structure can be effectively solved and relieved.

The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:

on one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides an axial energy storage impactor, wherein an upper joint and a lower joint are respectively arranged at two ends of the axial energy storage impactor, the upper joint is connected with an upper drilling tool, the lower joint is used for connecting a drill bit at the lower end of a transmission shaft of the impactor, torque and bit pressure are transmitted through a shell, an inner vibration starting block, an outer vibration starting block and a transmission shaft, the drill string rotates to cause a rotation speed difference of the inner vibration starting block and the outer vibration starting block, the inner vibration starting block drives the transmission shaft to axially displace relative to the shell of the drilling tool, the transmission shaft stores energy through compressing a disc spring, and the transmission shaft drives the drill bit to complete impact along with the continuous rotation of the drill string. The drill bit not only can shear the rock along with the circumferential rotation motion of the inner vibration block, but also can impact the rock through circumferential impact motion, so that the purpose of efficiently breaking the rock is achieved.

Further, the upper joint is connected with an upper drilling tool through threads to transmit bit pressure and torque, the upper joint drives the impactor shell to rotate, the shell and the outer vibration starting block circumferentially fix the torque through the semicircular groove to transmit, the lower end lock nut compresses the outer vibration starting block to axially fix, the shell drives the outer vibration starting block to rotate, the inner vibration starting block and the transmission shaft are connected through four keys, the outer vibration starting block generates a rotation speed difference with the inner vibration starting block and the outer vibration starting block in the rotating process of the shell, the inner vibration starting block generates axial movement relative to the outer vibration starting block, the inner vibration starting block drives the transmission shaft to rotate and simultaneously generate axial movement, the transmission shaft compresses the disc spring set through the transmission sleeve to store energy when moving, when the axial relative movement displacement of the inner vibration starting block and the outer vibration starting block reaches the maximum, the disc spring stores energy to the maximum, at the moment, the outer vibration starting block continues to rotate, the disc spring elastic potential energy is released to push the transmission shaft and the drill bit to realize one-time rock breaking, and the four-time impact process is realized in one relative movement period. The bit pressure and the torque are finally applied to the drill bit through the upper joint, the shell, the outer vibration block, the inner vibration block and the transmission shaft.

Furthermore, the number of the inner vibration blocks and the number of the outer vibration blocks are three respectively, and the three pairs of inner vibration blocks and the three pairs of outer vibration blocks are connected in series to work together to play a role in dispersing pressure and torque. Four same 90-degree helix angles are arranged on each inner vibration starting block and each outer vibration starting block in the circumferential direction, the inner vibration starting block and the outer vibration starting block are matched, the outer vibration starting block and the inner vibration starting block generate a rotation speed difference when rotating along with the shell, the inner vibration starting block rotates along the helix angle of the outer vibration starting block, axial relative motion and impact can be realized, and four times of impact can be realized in one relative motion period.

Furthermore, the disc spring group is sleeved on the transmission shaft, and the position is determined by the adjusting ring, the guide sleeve, the shell and the transmission sleeve.

Furthermore, the outer vibration-generating block and the shell are fixed by the staggered matching of semicircular grooves, and the inner vibration-generating block and the transmission shaft are fixed by four flat keys in the circumferential direction.

Furthermore, the transmission shaft is provided with a ring groove, the semicircular clamp is placed in the ring groove, and the semicircular clamp and the semicircular clamping sleeve are matched to prevent the transmission shaft from falling.

In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method of operating an axial energy storage impactor, comprising the steps of:

step 1, installing a sealing ring comprising two pairs of Yx sealing rings and O-shaped sealing rings at a designated sealing groove position of a transmission shaft, wherein the Yx sealing ring is installed at a sealing groove position close to a shaft end, and the O-shaped sealing ring is installed at a sealing groove position far away from the shaft end;

step 2, sleeving a lower end lock nut on a transmission shaft, sleeving a semicircular clamping sleeve on the transmission shaft, installing the semicircular clamping sleeve in a transmission shaft ring groove, installing a flat key on the transmission shaft, and sequentially installing an upper outer vibration starting block lower part, an inner vibration starting block lower part, an outer vibration starting block middle part, an inner vibration starting block middle part, an outer vibration starting block upper part and an inner vibration starting block upper part;

step 3, the installed components are installed in the shell, and the lower end lock nut is screwed and fixed with the shell through threads;

step 4, mounting the transmission sleeve from the upper end of the shell to the lower end, and sequentially placing the transmission sleeve into the disc spring groups;

and 5, installing a guide sleeve and an adjusting ring, screwing and fixing the upper joint and the shell through threads, and finally installing a lower joint.

Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The spring is used as a common part in the drilling impacter frequently, but the spring in most impacters only serves as a reset device to ensure that the impacter can reciprocate axially. The inner vibration block, the outer vibration block and the spring are matched with each other, the inner vibration block and the outer vibration block move along with the inner vibration block when the transmission shaft moves to compress the spring group for storing energy, and when the relative displacement of the inner vibration block and the outer vibration block reaches the maximum, the disc spring stores energy to the maximum, and at the moment, the outer vibration block continues to rotate, so that the four-time impact process can be realized in one relative movement period.

(2) Most of the percussion tool related parameters cannot be adjusted according to the formation at present. The invention can adjust the ground by changing the number of the spring groups and the elastic modulus of the springs, then enter the well to work, reasonably utilize the spring groups, reduce the tripping times and further reduce the drilling cost.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an axial energy storage impactor in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an assembly view of the outer and inner starting blocks of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front view and a left side view of the outer vibrating mass of the present invention, wherein A is the front view and B is the left side view;

FIG. 4 is a front view and a left side view of the internal vibrating mass of the present invention, wherein A is a front view and B is a left side view;

figure 5 is an isometric test drawing of an adapter of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a first embodiment of the invention provides an axial energy storage impactor, when being installed, a seal ring 19 including two pairs of Yx seal rings and O-shaped seal rings is installed at a designated seal groove position of a transmission shaft, the Yx seal rings are installed at a seal groove position close to a shaft end, the O-shaped seal rings are installed at a position far away from the seal groove position of the shaft end, then a lower end lock nut 12 is sleeved on the transmission shaft 2, a semicircular clamp sleeve 10 is sleeved on the transmission shaft 2, a semicircular clamp 13 is installed in a transmission shaft ring groove, a flat key 15 is installed on the transmission shaft 2, and an outer vibration block lower 14, an inner vibration block lower 9, an outer vibration block middle 16, an inner vibration block middle 8, an outer vibration block upper 7 and an inner vibration block upper 17 are sequentially installed. The mounted components are arranged in the shell 4, and the lower end lock nut 12 is screwed and fixed with the shell 4 through threads. Then the transmission sleeve 6 is installed from the upper end of the shell 4 to the lower end, the disc spring group 5 is sequentially placed in the transmission sleeve, then the guide sleeve 18 and the adjusting ring 3 are installed, then the upper connector 1 and the shell 4 are screwed and fixed through threads, and finally the lower connector 11 is installed.

The invention relates to an axial energy storage impactor, wherein an upper joint 1 and a lower joint 11 are respectively arranged at two ends of the axial energy storage impactor, the upper joint 1 is connected with an upper drilling tool, the lower joint 11 is arranged at the lower end of a transmission shaft 2 and is used for connecting a drill bit, the drilling pressure and the torque are transmitted to the drill bit through the upper joint 1, a shell 4, an upper outer vibration block 7, a lower upper outer vibration block 14, a middle outer vibration block 16, a flat key 15, an inner vibration block middle 8, an inner vibration block lower 9, an inner vibration block upper 17 and the transmission shaft 2, the shell 4 drives the upper outer vibration block 7, the upper outer vibration block lower 14 and the middle outer vibration block 16 to rotate, the inner vibration block middle 8, the inner vibration block lower 9, the inner vibration block upper 17 and the transmission shaft 2 are connected through four flat keys 15, the upper outer vibration block upper 7, the upper outer vibration block lower 14 and the middle outer vibration block middle 16 rotate along with the shell 4, and the inner and outer vibration starting blocks 8,9 and 17 generate a rotation speed difference, the inner vibration starting block middle 8, the inner vibration starting block lower 9 and the inner vibration starting block upper 17 generate axial motion relative to the outer vibration starting block upper 7, the upper outer vibration starting block lower 14 and the outer vibration starting block middle 16, the inner vibration starting block middle 8, the inner vibration starting block lower 9 and the inner vibration starting block upper 17 drive the transmission shaft 2 to rotate and generate axial motion through the flat key 15, the transmission shaft 2 compresses the disc spring group 5 for energy storage during motion, when the inner and outer vibration starting block axial relative motion displacement reaches the maximum, the disc spring group 5 stores the maximum energy, at the moment, the outer vibration starting block upper 7, the upper outer vibration starting block lower 14 and the outer vibration starting block middle 16 continue to rotate, the elastic potential energy of the disc spring group 5 is instantly released and pushes the transmission shaft 2 and the drill bit to realize one-time rock breaking, and the four-time impact process is realized in one relative motion period of the inner and outer vibration starting blocks. The invention has simple structure and fewer wearing parts, and the high-frequency axial impact of the drill bit can obviously improve the rock breaking efficiency of the deep well hard formation and effectively relieve the problem of dragging and pressing of the drilling tool in the well with a complex structure.

This axial energy storage formula impacter makes the drill bit produce the impact force of high frequency through using the coincide of dish spring and the cooperation of inside and outside vibration piece, need not to consume the drilling fluid energy simultaneously, can enough improve broken rock efficiency and mechanical drilling speed, also can effectively alleviate the backing pressure problem, is expected to become one of mainstream acceleration instrument product, can satisfy the engineering demand that high efficiency creeped into. The field test, popularization and application of the oil fields in the areas of Daqing, southwest, xinjiang and the like are expected to be carried out within 3-5 years in the future. At present, the tool and the matching technology can improve the drilling speed of the single-well drilling machinery by more than 20 percent in the future 3-5 years, and the direct economic benefit is about 2000 ten thousand yuan.

It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like which are made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundary of the appended claims, or the equivalents of such scope and boundary.

Claims (7)

1. An axial energy storage impactor is characterized in that an upper joint and a lower joint are arranged at two ends of the impactor respectively, the upper joint is connected with an upper drilling tool, the lower joint is arranged at the lower end of a transmission shaft of the impactor and used for being connected with a drill bit, and torque and bit pressure are transmitted through a shell, an inner vibration block, an outer vibration block and the transmission shaft.

2. The axial energy-storage impactor as defined in claim 1, wherein the upper joint is connected with the upper drilling tool through threads to transmit drilling pressure and torque, the upper joint drives the impactor casing to rotate, the casing and the outer vibration-starting block circumferentially fix the torque through the semicircular groove, the lower end lock nut presses the outer vibration-starting block to axially fix, the casing drives the outer vibration-starting block to rotate, the inner vibration-starting block and the transmission shaft are connected through four keys, the outer vibration-starting block generates a rotation speed difference with the inner and outer vibration-starting blocks during rotation with the casing, the inner vibration-starting block generates axial motion relative to the outer vibration-starting block, the inner vibration-starting block drives the transmission shaft to rotate and simultaneously generate axial motion, the transmission shaft compresses the disc spring set through the transmission sleeve to store energy during motion, when the axial relative motion displacement of the inner and outer vibration-starting blocks reaches the maximum, the disc spring stores energy at the maximum, at the time, the outer vibration-starting block continues to rotate, the disc spring elastic potential energy is released and pushes the transmission shaft and the drill bit to realize one-time rock breaking, and four impact processes are realized in one relative motion period; the bit pressure and the torque are finally applied to the drill bit through the upper joint, the shell, the outer vibration block, the inner vibration block and the transmission shaft.

3. The axial energy-storing impactor as defined in claim 2, wherein there are three inner vibration-inducing blocks and three outer vibration-inducing blocks, and three pairs of inner vibration-inducing blocks and three pairs of outer vibration-inducing blocks are connected in series to work together to disperse pressure and torque; four identical 90-degree spiral rising angles are arranged on each inner vibration starting block and each outer vibration starting block in the circumferential direction, the inner vibration starting block and the outer vibration starting block are matched, the outer vibration starting block and the inner vibration starting block generate a rotating speed difference when rotating along with the shell, and the inner vibration starting block rotates along the spiral rising angles of the outer vibration starting block.

4. An axial energy-storing impactor as defined in claim 3 wherein the disc spring assembly is mounted on the drive shaft in a position defined by the adjustment ring, the guide sleeve and the housing and the drive sleeve.

5. The axial energy-storing impactor as defined in claim 4, wherein the outer vibration-inducing block and the housing are fixed by a semicircular groove in a staggered manner, and the inner vibration-inducing block and the transmission shaft are fixed by four flat keys in a circumferential direction.

6. The axial energy-storing impactor as defined in claim 5, wherein the transmission shaft has a circular groove, the semi-circular clamp is disposed in the circular groove, and the semi-circular clamp sleeve cooperate to prevent the transmission shaft from falling.

7. A method of operating an axial energy storing impactor as defined in claim 1 and characterised by the steps of:

step 1, installing sealing rings including two pairs of Yx sealing rings and O-shaped sealing rings at the appointed sealing groove position of a transmission shaft, installing the Yx sealing rings at the sealing groove position close to the shaft end, and installing the O-shaped sealing rings at the sealing groove position far away from the shaft end;

step 2, sleeving a lower end lock nut on a transmission shaft, sleeving a semicircular clamping sleeve on the transmission shaft, installing the semicircular clamping sleeve in a transmission shaft ring groove, installing a flat key on the transmission shaft, and sequentially installing an upper outer vibration starting block lower part, an inner vibration starting block lower part, an outer vibration starting block middle part, an inner vibration starting block middle part, an outer vibration starting block upper part and an inner vibration starting block upper part;

step 3, the installed components are installed in the shell, and the lower end lock nut is screwed and fixed with the shell through threads;

step 4, mounting the transmission sleeve from the upper end of the shell downwards, and sequentially placing the transmission sleeve into the disc spring groups;

and 5, installing a guide sleeve and an adjusting ring, screwing and fixing the upper joint and the shell through threads, and finally installing the lower joint.

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