CN115926991A - Method for reducing diatom shell solubility, low-solubility diatom and application - Google Patents
Method for reducing diatom shell solubility, low-solubility diatom and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of marine environment, in particular to a method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells, low-solubility diatom and application. The method for reducing the solubility of the diatom shells comprises the following steps: preparing an artificial seawater solution and sterilizing the artificial seawater, adding nutrient components into the artificial seawater to form a diatom culture solution, wherein the diatom culture solution comprises a silicon source, a sodium source, an iron source, a copper source, a zinc source, a molybdenum source, a cobalt source, a manganese source, vitamins and biotin; inoculating diatom into the diatom culture solution, and culturing for 7-15 days under the following culture conditions: the illumination intensity is 50-70 mu molE.m ‑2 s ‑1 The light period is 12/12-16/8 light dark cycle, and the temperature is 20-25 ℃. The diatom is cultivated by the method. The application is the application of the diatom on fixing carbon dioxide. The invention utilizes organic silicon as a silicon source to form the diatom shell with hydrophobic surface, which is beneficial to reducing the shellThe solubility of the diatom improves the carbon fixation efficiency of the diatom.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine environment, in particular to a method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells, low-solubility diatom and application.
Background
The carbon sequestration technology can be roughly divided into three categories, namely chemical methods, physical methods and biological methods. Wherein the CO is fixed by marine microalgae organism 2 Is a green, energy-saving and sustainable method. When the marine microalgae absorbs carbon dioxide, high value-added products such as protein, polysaccharide, grease and the like can be produced, and the method has important development value in the fields of medicine, food, aquaculture and the like. Fixing CO with traditional physical and chemical method 2 Compared with the prior art, the marine microalgae has the characteristics of strong growth and reproduction capacity, high photosynthetic rate, strong environmental adaptability and the like. Therefore, the microalgae biological carbon sequestration technology is expected to become feasible CO 2 And (4) a fixing method.
Marine diatoms are one of the main groups of marine microalgae, and the proportion of their numbers and species is enormous. Diatom absorbs a large amount of carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and releases oxygen to CO 2 The absorption rate is high, and the photosynthetic organism is considered to be efficient. Ocean diatom fixation of CO annually 2 Up to 1 × 10 12 kg, contributing approximately 20% of the global primary productivity, accounting for 40% of the marine primary productivity and 50% of the marine organic carbon deposition. Diatom algae as important participant in carbon element cycle for CO fixation in marine microalgae organisms 2 Maintenance of global CO 2 Plays an important role in balancing and relieving global warming.
Compared with other microalgae, diatom is characterized by siliceous cell walls and amorphous silicon dioxide as the main chemical component. The siliceous shell of the diatom can fully transmit light to carry out efficient photosynthesis, has good mechanical performance, and protects the diatom from the invasion of other microorganisms and the change of water environment. After the diatom dies, the diatom shell can also play a role in protecting and carrying organic matters, and the diatom is promoted to fix CO 2 Settling and burial depth. However, the amorphous silica shell is inherently hydrophilic and highly soluble in an aqueous environment. Therefore, most dead diatoms dissolve in the siliceous shell during ocean sedimentation and burial, and the fixed organic carbon is returned to the environment through the respiration of the microorganisms. Therefore, the hydrophobic property of the diatom shell is increased, so that the solubility of the diatom shell is reduced, and the key point for improving the carbon fixation efficiency of the diatom is to improve the carbon fixation efficiency of the diatom.
At present, a great deal of research has been conducted on methods for culturing marine diatoms and freshwater diatoms, culture devices, and separation methods. The invention patent of China (publication number: CN 108004146A) discloses a benthic diatom culture method, which can conveniently and quickly realize the culture of benthic freshwater diatoms by using an improved F culture medium and intermittent circulation. Chinese invention patent CN111944694A discloses a method for culturing diatom by supplementing silicate based on turbidity value feedback, which controls the addition of silicate by turbidity change of culture medium and controls the addition of other nutrient salts to effectively improve the growth efficiency of diatom. However, these studies only enable artificial culture of background diatoms, increase the growth rate of diatoms, do not change the physicochemical properties of the diatom shell, and fail to improve the carbon sequestration capacity of diatoms. Thus, it has been found that CO is fixed in practical applications (i.e., in seawater environment) 2 ) In the process of (2), the diatom dissolves in the sedimentation process, so that the carbon fixing effect cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing diatom fixes CO 2 In the process, the cultured diatom shells have high solubility and low carbon fixation efficiency. In order to solve the technical problems, a silicon source in a growth environment is regulated and controlled, and organic silicon is used for replacing sodium silicate to provide the silicon source for forming the diatom shell, so that the diatom shell with a hydrophobic surface is formed, the solubility of the shell is favorably reduced, and the carbon sequestration efficiency of diatom is improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention mainly provides the following technical solutions:
a method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells by utilizing an organic modification method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing an artificial seawater solution and sterilizing the artificial seawater, adding organosilane and nutrient substances into the artificial seawater to form a diatom culture solution, wherein the amount and the concentration of each component substance of the organosilane and the nutrient substances after the diatom culture solution is prepared are as follows: organosilanes 1 to 210 -4 M, ferric chloride 2-3X 10 -5 M, sodium nitrate 1-10X 10 -4 M, 1-5X 10 of sodium dihydrogen phosphate -5 M, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1-1.5X 10 -5 M and copper sulfate 2-4X 10 -8 M, sodium molybdate 1-3X 10 -8 M, zinc sulfate 1-8X 10 -8 M, cobalt chloride 1-5X 10 -8 M, manganese chloride 1-10 x 10 -7 M, vitamin B11-3X 10 -7 M, biotin 1 to 3X 10 -9 M and vitamin B121-4X 10 -10 M；
step 3, inoculating diatom into the diatom culture solution, and culturing for 7-15 days under the culture conditions: the illumination intensity is 50-70 mu molE.m -2 s -1 The light period is 12/12-16/8 light dark cycle, and the temperature is 20-25 ℃.
In the method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells, the organosilane includes a first organosilane and a second organosilane, the first organosilane is tetramethoxysilane, and the second organosilane is one or more of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and trimethoxyphenylsilane.
In the method for reducing the solubility of the diatom shell, the mass ratio of the first organosilane to the second organosilane is 1-3:1.
In the method for reducing the solubility of the diatom shells, the components and the concentrations of all substances of the artificial seawater solution are as follows: sodium chloride 20.758g/L, sodium sulfate 3.477g/L, potassium chloride 0.587g/L, sodium bicarbonate 0.170g/L, potassium bromide 0.0845g/L, boric acid 0.0225g/L, sodium fluoride 0.0027g/L, magnesium chloride 9.395g/L, calcium chloride 1.316g/L, strontium chloride 0.0214g/L.
In the above method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells, the diatoms are any one or more of Alternaria haichoensis, chaetoceros sp, trypanosoma japonicum, cyclotella minor, and Navicula naviculare;
in the above method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells, the diatom is 1 × 10 4 ～1×10 5 One cell/ml was inoculated into the culture of diatom.
In the method for reducing the shell solubility of the diatom, the shell of the cultured diatom is non-hydrophilic silane, and the contact angle test value of the shell is 60.8-89.7 degrees.
The low-solubility diatom is cultured by the method for reducing the solubility of the shell of the diatom, and the contact angle test value of the shell is 60.8-89.7 DEG
In the low-solubility diatom, the carbon fixation efficiency of the marine diatom is improved by more than 20%.
Use of low solubility diatoms for biologically fixing carbon dioxide.
By the technical scheme, the invention at least has the following advantages:
1) According to the culture method provided by the embodiment of the invention, organosilane is used as a silicon source in a culture solution, so that organosilane is crosslinked to form a diatom shell, and the diatom with a hydrophobic surface is cultured in such a way, so that the stability in a water environment is high, and the solubility of the diatom shell is further reduced;
2) The culture medium has high content of iron ions, and the iron ions can effectively promote the absorption of the diatom to the organosilane after entering the diatom cells; iron is an essential element of the diatom, and iron ions can promote the activity of the diatom, so that the active absorbability of the diatom is enhanced, and the capture and absorption of organic silicon are promoted;
3) In the embodiment of the invention, the problems that a single organosilane is easy to condense in a water body and is difficult to be absorbed by diatom are solved through the combined action of tetramethoxysilane and another organosilane, and the two silanes can form a metastable molecular bonding state and keep stable in the water body, so that the diatom is easy to absorb;
4) The embodiment of the invention effectively solves the problems that the diatom shell has high solubility and diatom organic matters are easy to decompose back to the environment, and CO is fixed in microalgae organisms 2 And has wide application prospect in the field of environmental protection.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plot of the morphology and elemental distribution of a single particle of diatom hull powder of an embodiment of the invention: 1a is a scanning electron microscope image; 1b is an energy spectrum of silicon element distribution; and 1c is an energy spectrum of sulfur element distribution.
Detailed Description
To further explain the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and effects according to the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to not necessarily the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells example 1
The embodiment discloses a method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells, in particular to a method for organically modifying sea chain algae by using tetramethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, preparing 2L of artificial seawater, placing the artificial seawater into a high-temperature steam sterilization pot for sterilization at 121 ℃ for 30min, then cooling the artificial seawater to room temperature, carrying out ultraviolet sterilization on each component of nutritional components for 15min, adding the nutritional components into the cooled artificial seawater, and adding tetramethoxysilane and 3-mercaptoThe propyl trimethoxy silane is added into the nutrient components in the weight ratio of 1:1, and the concentration of organosilane in the diatom culture solution is 2 x 10 -4 M, the amount concentration of each component substance of the nutrient substances after being prepared into the diatom culture solution is shown in Table 2; step 2, uniformly mixing the nutrient components with the artificial seawater solution to form a diatom culture solution, and adjusting the pH value of the diatom culture solution to 8; step 3, the Alternaria hainanensis is treated by 1 multiplied by 10 4 The density of each cell/ml is transferred into a diatom culture solution and cultured for 10 days under the following culture conditions: the illumination intensity is 60 mu molE.m -2 s -1 The light period is 12/12 light dark cycle, the temperature is 25 ℃, and the haichow algae obtained by centrifugal enrichment is the low-solubility diatom.
In specific implementation, the artificial seawater and the nutrient components have the following contents:
table 1: composition and concentration of artificial seawater
Table 2: the components of the nutrient components and the quantity concentration of each component substance after the diatom culture solution is prepared
Due to FeCl 3 ·6H 2 The dissolution rate of O changes under different pH values, so that FeCl is added 3 ·6H 2 When O is put into artificial seawater, part of the FeCl will be present 3 In this embodiment, the specific amount of iron ions added to the culture solution is 2.0X 10 -5 M。
The diatom shell has a specific structure of an amorphous silicon-oxygen-organic sulfur-silicon skeleton, so that the surface of the diatom shell contains organic functional groups, and hydrophobicity is promoted, wherein the organic sulfur is sulfur connected with carbon. Since 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane contains sulfur, we can see in the transmission electron microscope and the energy spectrum analysis chart of silicon sulfur element of FIG. 1 sulfur-containing organosilicon modified Alhaica alga: as shown in fig. 1a, since sulfur is not originally contained in the diatom shell, after the diatom shell is cultured by using silane containing sulfur as a silicon source, sulfur enters the diatom shell, so that sulfur appears (as shown in fig. 1 c), and silicon also enters the diatom shell (as shown in fig. 1 b), which proves that silane enters the diatom shell, so that the properties of the diatom shell are influenced significantly. The diatom shells incubated without organosilane were free of sulfur, where a large amount of sulfur appeared, indicating that sulfur-containing organosilane entered the diatom shells and became a constituent of the siliceous framework.
Tetramethoxysilane is (CH) 3 O) 4 Si, hydrolyzed to H in the medium 4 SiO 4 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane is (CH) 3 O) 3 SiCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 SH, hydrolyzed to (HO) SiCH in the culture medium 2 CH 2 CH 2 SH, which is then transported into the diatom cells, forming diatom cell walls (i.e., diatom shells).
This example tests the solubility of shells of low solubility diatoms as follows:
step 1) washing the Alternaria hainanensis with ultrapure water for 3 times, then washing with hot water at 70 ℃ for 3 times, and finally washing with absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times to obtain an Alternaria hainanensis shell; organic matters on the diatom are removed, and the shell powder is obtained after the organic matters of the diatom shell are removed and dried;
step 2) 10mg of the hainanensis hull powder was dissolved in 400mL of ultrapure water and shaken at 25 ℃ for 9 days, the concentration of dissolved silicon in the test solution was 1.19mg/L, and the solubility of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane modified hainanensis was calculated to be 10.18%. The solubility (D%) is calculated as follows: 1.19 mg/L.times.1 mL.times.10 -3 X 60.1 x 400mL/10mg ×% =10.18%, where 60.1 is SiO 2 2 The atomic weight of (c).
Since the contact angle is a key index of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, the contact angle of the diatom shell powder formed by the embodiment is 66.4-79.7 degrees, so the diatom shell in the embodiment of the invention is non-hydrophilic silane. The contact angle data is directly tested by a contact angle measuring instrument, and the specific measuring steps are as follows:
1. and (5) tabletting. Approximately 20-30mg of the powder sample was placed between two pieces of aluminum foil and pressed into a flat-surfaced tablet with a tablet press.
2. And (5) transferring. The flattened sample was removed of aluminum foil and transferred to the stage of a contact angle measuring instrument (Dataphysics OCA 20).
3. And (4) focusing. And adjusting the micro-injector above the sample, and adjusting the focal length of the camera to be 2-2.5 times to ensure that the image of the sample is clear.
4. And (4) dripping. The micro-syringe is typically 6 mul optimal for squeezing out the liquid, and a clear droplet is observed at the lower end of the injector.
5. And (5) taking a picture. The photograph was taken at the moment the drop fell into contact with the sample.
6. And (6) measuring the angle. At this time, the angle from the solid sample interface to the gas-liquid interface between the liquid droplet and the air through the inside of the liquid droplet is called a contact angle, and is between 0 ° and 180 °.
Comparative data of low-solubility diatoms (Haematococcus) cultured by this example, and diatoms obtained by culturing without addition of organosilane are shown in tables 3 and 4.
Method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells example 2
The present example is different from the method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells example 1 in that the solubility of diatom shells is reduced by the method of modifying the diatom algae with tetramethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, preparing 1L of artificial seawater, placing the artificial seawater into a high-temperature steam sterilization pot for sterilization at 135 ℃ for 15min, then cooling the artificial seawater to room temperature, carrying out ultraviolet sterilization on each component of the nutrient components for 20min, adding the artificial seawater into the artificial seawater after cooling, adding tetramethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane into the nutrient components according to the weight part of 3:1, and enabling the concentration of organosilane in the diatom culture solution to be 2 x 10 -4 M, of the components of the nutrientThe quantitative concentration was the same as in example 1; step 2, uniformly mixing the nutrient components with the artificial seawater solution to form a diatom culture solution, and adjusting the pH value of the diatom culture solution to 7; step 3, mixing the rhombohedral algae with the mixture of 3 multiplied by 10 4 The density of individual cells/ml was transferred to the culture medium and cultured for 15 days under the following conditions: the illumination intensity is 60 mu molE.m -2 s -1 The illumination period is 16/8 light dark cycle, the temperature is 25 ℃, and the rhombohedral algae obtained by centrifugal enrichment are low-solubility diatoms.
The low-solubility diatom algae obtained in this example were subjected to the removal of organic matter from the hulls in the same manner as in example 1 to obtain diatom hull powder.
Comparative data for low solubility diatoms (nitzschia) cultured by this example, and diatoms obtained without addition of organosilane are shown in tables 3 and 4.
Method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells example 3
This example is different from the method for reducing the solubility of the shells of diatoms in example 1 in that the concentration of iron ions in the nutrients after preparing the culture solution of diatoms is 3X 10 -5 M。
Method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells example 4
This example differs from the method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells example 1 in that chaetoceros are organically modified with tetramethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.
Method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells example 5
This example differs from the method of reducing the solubility of diatom shells example 1 in that the chlorella is organically modified with tetramethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.
Method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells example 6
This example differs from the method of reducing diatom shell solubility example 1 in that navicula are organically modified with tetramethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example and method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells example 1The difference is that the comparative example uses sodium silicate as silicon source to cultivate the sea chain algae, and the concentration of the sodium silicate in the algae culture solution is 2 multiplied by 10 -4 M。
Comparative example 2
The present comparative example is different from the method for reducing the solubility of the shells of diatoms example 2 in that the present comparative example cultures the rhombohedral algae using sodium silicate as the silicon source, the concentration of sodium silicate in the culture solution of diatoms being 2 x 10 -4 M。
Comparative example 3
The present comparative example is different from method for reducing the solubility of diatom body example 2 in that the present comparative example uses tetramethoxysilane + 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane + sodium silicate as a silicon source to culture rhombohedral algae in which the concentration of tetramethoxysilane + 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane + sodium silicate is 2X 10 -4 M。
Table 3: test data of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3
| Contact angle | Dissolution rate of diatom shell | Carbon element content | |
| Example 1 | 66.4°-79.7° | 10.18％ | 23.98％ |
| Example 2 | 60.8°-79.7° | 3.50％ | 26.99％ |
| Example 3 | 68.8°-89.8° | 8.08％ | 27.88％ |
| Example 4 | 62.1°-76.5° | 10.11％ | 22.18％ |
| Example 5 | 63.4°-78.1° | 10.12％ | 23.45％ |
| Example 6 | 65.2°-77.8° | 10.19％ | 22.79％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 23.7°-29.4° | 15.87％ | 7.25％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 23.9°-29.6° | 13.20％ | 9.12％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 24.8°-29.8° | 14.16％ | 10.18％ |
As can be seen from the above-described methods for reducing the solubility of diatom ooze shells examples 1 and 2, when the concentration of organosilicon increases, the concentration of dissolved silicon in the diatom culture solution after the diatom shells have been reacted in water for a certain period of time decreases, and the rate of dissolution of diatom shells decreases, and the carbon content in diatom shells increases significantly.
The method for measuring the dissolution rate of the diatom frustules will be further described below by taking the rhombohedral frustules powder obtained in example 2 and comparative example 2 as an example. The method for measuring the dissolution rate of the diatom shell comprises the following steps: step 1) washing the rhombohedral algae with ultrapure water for 3 times, then washing with hot water at 60 ℃ for 3 times, and finally washing with methanol for 3 times to obtain the rhombohedral algae shell. Step 2) 2mg of the rhombohedral alga shell powder was dissolved in 80mL of ultrapure water and shaken at 20 ℃ for 12 days, and the solubility of the modified rhombohedral alga was calculated to be 3.50%. The method for calculating the solubility of the modified rhombohedral algae comprises the following steps: concentration of silicon in solution X1 mL X10 -3 X60.1/28.1X 80mL/2mg X100% (the same applies hereinafter).
In comparative example 2, on the other hand, the solubility of rhombohedral algae cultured with sodium silicate was calculated to be 13.20%. The solubility of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane modified Alternaria hainanensis in comparative example 2 was 73.49% higher than that of example 2 compared to the sodium silicate cultured Nitzschia rhombifolia of example 2.
Similarly calculated, in comparative example 1, the solubility of the Haichia hainanensis cultured by sodium silicate was calculated to be 15.87%. The solubility of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane modified Alexandrium in comparative example 1 was 35.48% higher than that of example 1 compared to Alexandrium cultured with sodium silicate of example 1.
Compared with the comparative example, the solubility of the diatom shell obtained by the culture method of the organic modified marine diatom in the embodiment of the application is reduced by 35.6-73.5%, and the carbon sequestration efficiency of the 'biological pump' is improved by more than 58.8%.
The data of carbon element content is used for further explaining the data of carbon fixation efficiency improvement: 1) Comparative example 1 the carbon content of the shells of the algae of hainanensis using sodium silicate as the silicon source is 7.25%, the carbon content of the shells of the algae of example 1 using organosilicon as the silicon source is 23.98%, and the carbon fixation efficiency is increased by (%) = (23.98% -7.25%)/23.98% =69.77%; 2) The carbon element content of comparative example 2 is 9.12%, and the carbon element content of example 2 is 26.99%, which is an improvement of 66.21%.
The acquisition mode of the carbon element content is as follows: about 2.00mg of the diatom samples obtained from the culture of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-3 were taken and placed in a 6X 12mm tin boat, and carbon element analysis was performed on the corresponding diatoms using a Vario EL III element analyzer, and each sample was subjected to three parallel tests, and the average value was taken for analysis. The limit of the Vario EL III element analyzer is 40ppm.
From example 3 we can see that the higher the iron concentration, the better the silane absorption and the lower the diatom shell solubility.
By using the comparative example 3 in which the silicon source of the culture solution is "tetramethoxysilane + 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane + sodium silicate", the diatom does not substantially absorb tetramethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane during the growth process due to the presence of sodium silicate, so that the contact angle of the diatom cultured by the comparative example 3 is small and the dissolution rate is high.
Through the results of the test data of the examples 1 to 6 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, the contact angle test of the diatom shell powder with organosilane as a silicon source is proved, and the contact angle test proves that in the range of 60.8-89.7 degrees, compared with the contact angle test of 23.7-29.8 degrees which is carried out by only using sodium silicate as a silicon source sample, the dissolution rate of the diatom shell can be greatly reduced and the carbon sequestration efficiency is greatly improved after the diatom shell is modified by the method provided by the invention.
Comparative example 4
The present comparative example is different from method for reducing solubility of diatom hull example 2 in that the present comparative example cultivates rhombohedral algae using tetramethoxysilane alone as a silicon source, the concentration of tetramethoxysilane in the diatom culture solution being 2X 10 -4 M。
Comparative example 5
The present comparative example is different from the method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells, example 2, in that the present comparative example cultures the rhombohedral algae using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane alone as the silicon source and the concentration of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane in the culture solution of the diatom algae is 2X 10 -4 M。
Comparative example 6
The present comparative example is different from the method for reducing the solubility of the shells of diatoms, example 2, in that the concentration of iron ions added to the culture solution of diatoms of the present comparative example was 1X 10 -5 M。
The number of cells in the culture solution of diatom algae was counted on different days of cultivation during the cultivation of diatom algae in examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-6, and the specific data are shown in the following table:
table 4: cell number in culture solution of diatom
As can be seen from the above table, the use of only a single organosilane as the silicon source often results in the decrease of the growth rate of diatoms and slow disintegration, and the idea of the present invention to solve this problem includes the following two methods: the first way is to increase the content of iron ions in the diatom culture solution; the second way is to use two organosilanes as silicon source. In the first mode, after iron ions enter diatom cells, the absorption of organic silane by diatom can be effectively promoted; iron is an essential element of the diatom, and iron ions can promote the activity of the diatom, so that the active absorbability of the diatom is enhanced, and the capture and absorption of organic silicon are promoted; in the second mode, a single organosilane is easy to condense in the water body, so that larger molecules are formed and precipitate, and the organosilane is difficult to be absorbed by diatom, while two silanes can form a metastable molecular combination state, keep stable in the water body, so that the diatom is easy to absorb, and therefore the two organosilanes form a shell of the diatom in a cross-linking mode. Both of these ways promote the crosslinking and polymerization of the silane within the diatom body, thereby ensuring the growth and fragmentation of the diatoms.
Application examples of Low-solubility Diatom
The application of the low-solubility diatom provided by the embodiment is to fix carbon dioxide biologically, and fix carbon dioxide by means of burial depth after the low-solubility diatom dies. Because the solubility of the diatom shell is reduced, the organic carbon carried by the dead diatoms is fixed in the diatom shell. The organic silicon in the diatom shell contains carbon, and the carbon in the diatom skeleton is also fixed, so that the carbon fixation amount is greatly improved.
The low-solubility diatom captures carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, and captures and fixes the carbon dioxide through a carbon dioxide concentration mechanism (CCM) through the photosynthesis to form organic carbon which is stored in the organism and transported to the deep part of the water body. In the process of organic carbon sedimentation, the diatom shell can not be dissolved, so that organic carbon can not be decomposed in the sedimentation process and can be completely deposited to the seabed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for reducing the solubility of diatom shells is characterized in that the solubility of diatom shells is reduced by an organic modification method, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing an artificial seawater solution and sterilizing the artificial seawater, adding organosilane and nutrient substances into the artificial seawater to form a diatom culture solution, wherein the amount and the concentration of each component substance of the organosilane and the nutrient substances after the diatom culture solution is prepared are as follows: organosilanes 1 to 210 -4 M, ferric chloride 2-3X 10 -5 M, sodium nitrate1～10×10 -4 M, 1-5X 10 of sodium dihydrogen phosphate -5 M, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1-1.5X 10 -5 M, copper sulfate 2-4X 10 -8 M, sodium molybdate 1-3X 10 -8 M, zinc sulfate 1-8X 10 -8 M, cobalt chloride 1-5X 10 -8 M, manganese chloride 1-10 x 10 -7 M, vitamin B11-3X 10 -7 M, biotin 1-3X 10 -9 M and vitamin B121-4X 10 -10 M；
Step 2, uniformly mixing the nutrient components with the artificial seawater solution to form a diatom culture solution, and adjusting the pH value of the diatom culture solution to 7-8;
step 3, inoculating diatom into the diatom culture solution, and culturing for 7-15 days under the culture conditions: the illumination intensity is 50-70 mu molE.m -2 s -1 The light period is 12/12-16/8 light dark cycle, and the temperature is 20-25 ℃.
2. The method of reducing the solubility of diatom frustules of claim 1,
the organosilanes include a first organosilane that is tetramethoxysilane and a second organosilane that is one or more of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and trimethoxyphenylsilane.
3. The method of reducing the solubility of diatom frustules of claim 2,
the mass ratio of the first organic silane to the second organic silane is 1-3:1.
4. The method of reducing the solubility of diatom frustules of claim 1,
the artificial seawater solution comprises the following substances in percentage by weight: 20.758g/L of sodium chloride, 3.477g/L of sodium sulfate, 0.587g/L of potassium chloride, 0.170g/L of sodium bicarbonate, 0.0845g/L of potassium bromide, 0.0225g/L of boric acid, 0.0027g/L of sodium fluoride, 9.395g/L of magnesium chloride, 1.316g/L of calcium chloride and 0.0214g/L of strontium chloride.
5. The method of reducing the solubility of diatom frustules of claim 1,
the diatom is any one or more of Alternaria hainanensis, chaetoceros sp, trypanosoma japonicum, cyclotella minor, and Navicula.
6. The method of reducing the solubility of diatom frustules of claim 1,
the diatom is at 1 × 10 4 ～1×10 5 One cell/ml was inoculated into the culture of diatom.
7. The method of reducing the solubility of diatom frustules of claim 1,
the shell of the cultured diatom is non-hydrophilic silane, and the contact angle test value of the shell is 60.8-89.7 degrees.
8. A low solubility diatom algae cultured by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7 for reducing the solubility of diatom frustules, wherein the frustules have a contact angle test value of from 60.8 ° to 89.7 °.
9. The low solubility diatom according to claim 8, wherein said marine diatom has a carbon sequestration efficiency that is increased by 20% or more.
10. Use of the low solubility diatoms of claim 8 or 9 to biologically fix carbon dioxide.
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