CN115926858A - 燃料添加剂 - Google Patents
燃料添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115926858A CN115926858A CN202211540388.5A CN202211540388A CN115926858A CN 115926858 A CN115926858 A CN 115926858A CN 202211540388 A CN202211540388 A CN 202211540388A CN 115926858 A CN115926858 A CN 115926858A
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- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 title description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 aliphatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006079 antiknock agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009946 DNA mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003683 cardiac damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000010125 myocardial infarction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N picric acid Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethyl ether Chemical compound CCOC(C)(C)C NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
- C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/1802—Organic compounds containing oxygen natural products, e.g. waxes, extracts, fatty oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
- C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
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- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/2227—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond urea; derivatives thereof; urethane
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于燃料的新型添加剂,包含量为60‑70Vol.‑%的异丙醇,各自的量为13‑17vol.‑%的柴油和汽油,以及量为1‑5vol.‑%的水。在另一方面,该组合物包含量为60‑70voI.‑%的异丙醇,量为18‑23vol.‑%的亚麻籽油,量为13‑17vol.‑%的汽油燃料,以及量为1‑5vol.‑%的水。本发明还涉及所述添加剂在降低来自燃烧发动机的排放物的一氧化碳(CO)和未燃烧的烃(HC)的水平中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于在燃烧发动机中待燃烧的燃料的新型添加剂或掺合剂,其包含异丙醇、柴油和汽油以及水。具体来说,本添加剂包含:量为60-70Vol.-%的异丙醇,各自的量为13-17vol.-%的柴油和汽油,以及量为1-5vol.-%的水。在另一方面中,该添加剂包含:量为60-70vol.-%的异丙醇,量为18-23vol.-%的亚麻籽油(linseed oil),量为13-17vol.-%的汽油燃料,以及量为1-5vol.-%的水。本发明还涉及所述添加剂在降低来自燃烧发动机的有毒排放气体——特别是一氧化碳(CO)和未燃烧的烃(HC)——中的用途。
背景技术
如今的大多数私人移动是通过使用由内部燃烧发动机推动的车辆来进行的,其中主要两种类型的燃料被燃烧来驱动车辆,柴油或汽油(gasoline)/汽油(petrol)。
柴油/汽油的燃烧(burning)/燃烧(combustion)过程涉及用氧气来氧化在柴油/汽油中含有的烃,以最终产生CO2和H2O。然而,燃烧过程总是不充分的,使得燃料仅被不完全氧化,这种不完全燃烧过程产生有毒物质,诸如一氧化碳(CO)和低级烃(HC)。
一氧化碳是公知的污染物,不可逆地阻碍了个体的呼吸能力。因此,呼吸空气中较高浓度的一氧化碳最终将导致个体的死亡。然而,较低剂量的CO也会通过造成抑郁和心脏损伤而伤害个体的健康。
最近已经发现,诸如通过在发电厂、房屋供暖、车辆和各种工业过程中燃烧化石燃料而产生的未燃烧的烃(HC)至少部分地导致了一种广为人知的现象,即“可吸入颗粒物质”或“细粉尘”,该术语表示小于约10μm或甚至小于2.5μm的颗粒物质。
由于其尺寸,这种可吸入颗粒物质在通过重力沉降到地面之前可以在空气中停留一周或更长时间。因为其随人类的活动而产生,所以发现最高水平在聚集地,即较大的城市。假使颗粒物质的迁移不受风将其带到农村的影响,它将聚集在城市的空气中,甚至能够使环境处于雾霾中。
已经认识到,可吸入颗粒物质是对人类健康的主要威胁。WHO认为空中的颗粒是强烈的致癌物,因为这些小颗粒具有不经肺或鼻屏障过滤而渗透进入个体的血流的能力,引起永久的DNA突变、心脏病发作以及过早的死亡。2013年在欧洲进行的涉及约325,000人的近期研究表明,一方面没有颗粒的安全水平,而另一方面10μm和更小的可吸入颗粒每增加10μg/m3,肺癌率上升约20%。更严重的是,显示直径小于2.5μg的较小物质是特别致命的,每增加10μg/m3,则使肺癌的发病率增加36%。
在城市中,交通被认为是产生可吸入颗粒物质的主要原因。
为了降低来自燃烧发动机的有毒排放物,发动机已经经历了用于改进供入发动机中的燃料的利用率,同时增加了氧化效率的发展。此外,在车辆中已经内置催化剂,以进一步降低排放物中所含有的污染物的量。
然而,燃料组合物也是用于进一步探索改进其燃烧并降低有毒物质产生的焦点。
GB 950147A公开了一种用于提高能量产率的燃料组合物,其含有作为主要组分的辛烷值为至少90的烃,和改进辛烷值的量的含有有机金属的抗爆震剂,以及多达2vol.-%的共同抗爆震剂和稀释剂。作为这种添加剂,尤其提到了异丙醇和水。
US 4099930涉及一种用于汽油和柴油发动机的节能燃料添加剂,其包含在烷基苯、异丙醇和水的溶剂中的苦味酸和硫酸亚铁的混合物。添加剂可以直接注入燃烧发动机中,或通过批量添加来添加到燃料箱中。
JP 7278576公开了一种通过提供用于补充燃料的添加剂来降低从燃烧发动机排放的有毒物质的方法,该添加剂包含醇、诸如乙醇混合剂、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇或异丁醇。取决于醇的含水量,可以使用乳化剂。
此外,US 4992187讨论了用于清洁燃烧发动机的组合物,其包含选定的环状化合物,诸如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮,脂族胺,诸如正丁胺以及水的组合物,其溶解在烃和脂族低级醇中,诸如异丙醇。
然而,由于全球车辆数量的迅速增加,仍未满足进一步降低来自燃烧发动机的有毒排放物的量的需求。
发明内容
本发明解决了该问题,并且提供了待添加到燃料中的组合物,在燃烧燃料时,该组合物降低了废气中的一氧化碳(CO)和未燃烧的烃(HC)的量。
根据第一方面,本组合物包含:量为60-70vol.-%的异丙醇,各自的量为13-17vol.-%的柴油和汽油,以及量为1-5vol.-%的水。
根据本发明的另一方面,组合物包含:量为60-70vol.-%的异丙醇,量为18-23vol.-%的亚麻籽油,量为13-17vol.-%的汽油,以及量为1 -5vol.-%的水。根据实施方式,亚麻籽油可以多达20vol.-%的柴油的量存在于与柴油的混合物中。
根据优选的实施方式,异丙醇的量居于61-70vol.-%,更优选地62-70vol.-%,甚至更优选地63-70vol.-%,还更优选地64-70vol.-%,或65-70vol.-%,或甚至66-70vol.-%,或67-70vol.-%,或68-70vol.-%的范围。
燃料组分,即柴油和汽油,以10-20vol.-%的量各自独立地存在。优选地,柴油和汽油各自以11-20vol.-%,更优选地12-20vol.-%,或13 -20vol.-%,或14-20vol.-%,或15-20vol.-%,或16-20vol.-%,或17 -20vol.-%,或18-20vol.-%,或19-20vol.-%的量各自独立地存在。
亚麻籽油可以是天然的或技术上来源的。优选地,亚麻籽油的量在16vol.-%和24vol.-%之间,更优选地在17vol.-%和23vol.-%之间,甚至更优选地在18vol.-%和22vol.-%之间,最优选地在19volo.-%和21vol.-%之间。在这种情况中,汽油的量优选地在10vol.-%和16vol.-%之间,更优选地在11vol.-%和15vol.-%之间,并且甚至更优选地在12vol.-%和14vol.-%之间,并且水的量在1和3vol.-%之间。优选的组合物包含65vol.-%的异丙醇、20vol.-%的技术上的亚麻籽油,13vol.-%的汽油和2vol.-%的水。
在燃料组分中使用的柴油可以是任何可用的柴油,诸如符合DIN 51601要求的柴油,具有较低十六烷值的柴油,诸如在美国可购得的,GtL柴油,水柴油以及船用馏分燃料。
作为汽油(gasoline),可以使用ROZ 91、ROZ 95、ROZ 98或甚至ROZ100的任何汽油(petrol)、汽油(gas)或燃料,以及添加了添加剂(如在欧盟作为汽油E10出售的乙醇、MTBE或ETBE)的汽油。
在又一优选的实施方式中,组合物包含以重量计1和5‰之间,优选地2-4‰之间的尿素或碳酰二胺,以增加氮氧化物到氨和水的完全转化。尿素最优选的是按重量计2.5‰和3.5‰之间,并且以液体的形式,诸如商购的但不限于
本领域技术人员将认识到,上文所述的上述燃料包含任何可用的季节性衍生物。
组合物中含有的水的量为1vol-%和5vol-%之间并且其中优选地在1vol-%和3vol-%之间。优选地,水是去离子的。
为了获得本组合物,将四种组分混合,以便获得均匀的混合物,该混合物长时间保持稳定而各个组分不分离。用于获得均匀混合物的方法和设备在本领域是熟知的,并且包括如转子-定子系统、流机械系统或超声波发生器。在一种实施方式中,混合物可通过使用本领域已知的乳化剂来稳定化。
将本发明的组合物分别添加到待在燃烧发动机中燃烧的常规燃料中,诸如添加到柴油(即上述的任何柴油),汽油(诸如上述的任何汽油),或添加到房屋供暖所用的燃料,飞机中的AvGasoline、MoGasoline、煤油,或者甚至房屋供暖或甚至发电厂中的加热油。尤其在不存在催化剂的应用中,如在汽车中,本发明特别有价值。
可以1:8000-1:12,000,优选地1:9000-1:11,000,更优选地1:9,500-1:10,500,更优选的1:10,000的比例将该组合物添加到燃料中。
以下实施例说明了本发明但不限于此。
实施例I
奥迪Q7,4.2 1,汽油发动机,制造于2013年,并且配备有催化剂,满足欧盟废气要求,经受行驶循环工况EPA US 06。行驶长度是12km。
该汽车装有常规汽油(ROZ 95),并且在测定CO和HC的量的同时进行测试,其设定为100%作为参考。
在开始使用燃料进行实验之前,汽车耗尽之前的燃料,用新燃料重新加油,并以怠速运转15分钟,使相应的新燃料温热马达,并用待测试的相应燃料来填充所有管线和发动机。
已经使用根据本发明的添加剂(实施方式1-3、6-8)和各个组分的量不在所指出的限度内或者燃料组分被其他组分替换的添加剂(实施方式4-5)进行了实验。
在注入汽车之前,相应的组合物以大约1:10,000的比例添加到燃料。
分析废气中的CO和HC,并且用燃料+添加剂测定的CO和HC的量以与参考相比百分比降低量来表示。
添加剂:
Isoprop.=异丙醇;D=柴油;B=汽油;W=水。
已获得以下结果:
可以看到,所有的组合物产生了CO水平的降低。然而,如果异丙醇的量超过60voI.-%的较低的水平,或者水的量超过3voI.-%的上限,HC的量增加。当用技术上的亚麻籽油替换的柴油时,也可以实现良好的结果。
实施例II
用现代i30进行类似的实验,其制造于2010年,柴油发动机,并且配备有催化剂,满足欧盟废气要求,经受行驶工况循环。行驶长度是11km。已制备以下添加剂:
以1:10,000的比例将添加剂添加到柴油燃料。
根据70/220/EWG i.d.F.98/69/B/EG测定废气。
获得的以下结果与参考(没有添加剂的柴油)相比;
Claims (15)
1.一种组合物,包含
量为60-70vol.-%的异丙醇,
量为13-17vol.-%的柴油燃料,
量为13-17vol.-%的汽油燃料,以及
量为1-5vol.-%的水。
2.一种组合物,包含
量为60-70vol.-%的异丙醇,
量为18-23vol.-%的亚麻籽油,
量为13-17vol.-%的汽油燃料,以及
量为1-5vol.-%的水。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中,所述异丙醇的量在65-70vol.-%的范围内。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的组合物,其中,所述亚麻籽油的量在19vol.-%和21vol.-%之间。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述水的量在1.5vol.-%和3vol.-%之间,优选地在2vol.-%和3vol.-%之间。
6.根据权利要求2-5中任一项所述的组合物,其中,所述亚麻籽油存在于与柴油的混合物中。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的组合物,其中,以在1‰和5‰之间的量,更优选地以按重量计在2‰和4‰之间的量,并且最优选的以重量的2.5‰和3.5‰之间的量提供有尿素。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的组合物用于制备燃料的用途。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其中,所述燃料选自柴油、汽油、AvGasoline、MoGasoline、煤油或加热油。
10.一种用于制备提供较低的一氧化碳和烃排放物的燃料的方法,包括以1:8000至1:12,000的比例将根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的组合物添加到燃料的步骤。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,以1:10,000的量将所述组合物添加到所述燃料。
12.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的组合物用于降低燃烧发动机的废气中的一氧化碳和烃的水平的用途。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用途,其中,废气中的一氧化碳的量降低至少15%,和/或其中,废气中的烃的量降低至少30%。
14.一种燃料,其含有根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的组合物,其中,以1:8000至1:12,000的比例,优选1:10,000的比例来含有所述组合物。
15.根据权利要求14所述的燃料,其选自柴油或汽油、AvGasoline、MoGasoline、煤油或加热油。
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PCT/EP2016/060462 WO2017121497A1 (en) | 2016-01-13 | 2016-05-10 | Fuel additive |
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US4099930A (en) | 1977-04-01 | 1978-07-11 | Natural Resources Guardianship International, Inc. | Catalytic fuel additive for gasoline and diesel engines |
CA1224628A (en) * | 1982-12-09 | 1987-07-28 | Union Carbide Corporation | Diesel fuels |
US4992187A (en) | 1989-11-15 | 1991-02-12 | Petro Chemical Products, Inc. | Composition for cleaning an internal combustion engine |
JPH07278576A (ja) | 1994-04-08 | 1995-10-24 | Furukawa Kasei Kk | 有害物質の発生を抑制し,燃料費を低減した燃料 |
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CA2551619A1 (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-07 | 1692124 Ontario Inc. | Fuel additive |
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US8061120B2 (en) * | 2007-07-30 | 2011-11-22 | Herng Shinn Hwang | Catalytic EGR oxidizer for IC engines and gas turbines |
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CA3007682A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
AU2016386919B2 (en) | 2018-11-22 |
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BR112018011931B1 (pt) | 2021-05-11 |
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US20180371344A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 |
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PT3192852T (pt) | 2019-06-21 |
AU2016386919A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
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US10584293B2 (en) | 2020-03-10 |
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