CN115925651A - 一种苯唑类-2-烷基醇的光化学合成方法 - Google Patents
一种苯唑类-2-烷基醇的光化学合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种苯唑类‑2‑烷基醇的光化学合成方法,以苯唑类化合物和醛为原料,以廉价易得的钨酸盐作为光催化剂进行苯唑类化合物的羟基烷基化,分离提纯后得到苯唑类‑2‑烷基醇化合物。本发明应用光化学方法合成具有环境友好、绿色高效、避免使用有机溶剂、惰气保护等操作条件,工艺简单等特点,适合于大规模生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种苯唑类-2-烷基醇的光化学合成方法,属于有机合成领域。
背景技术
苯并噻唑是一种重要的结构单元,存在于多种天然产物和药物中[1]。特别的是,羟基烷基化苯并噻唑,是药物和生物活性化合物的结构基序,在免疫抑制剂、神经肌肉阻断剂、抗感染剂、抗糖尿病剂等方面具有较高的活性[2]。传统的羟基烷基化苯并噻唑的合成方法主要是通过预先形成的格氏试剂进行羰基亲核加成[3]。其他合成羟基烷基化苯并噻唑的方法,包括由预活化的醇、酮、醛、酮酸进行氧化或者中性Minisci类型的羟基烷基化[4]。但这些方法仍有一定的局限性,包括使用额外添加剂、使用有机溶剂、原子经济性差和反应选择性差。因此,有必要研究一种不需要额外添加添加剂的简单有效的制备羟基烷基化苯并噻唑的方法。受可持续发展趋势的启发,我们认为光和水这两种安全清洁的能源可以为开发环保高效的策略实现分子组装的提供新的视角[5]。在这种情况下,我们以钨酸盐为光催化剂,醛为羟烷基化试剂,无需任何额外添加剂,开发了一种在水相、空气氛围下合成羟烷基化苯并噻唑的有效方法,操作简单环保,并且在克级规模上能以很好的收率得到目标产物,可以适用于工业化生产。
参考文献:
[1](a)A.F.Pozharskii,A.T.Soldatenkov andA.R.Katrit,Heterocycles inLife and Society,Wiley,Chichester,U.K.,1997;(b)C.G.Mortimer,G.Wells,J.-P.Crochard,E.L.Stone,T.D.Bradshaw,M.F.G.Stevens and A.D.Westwell,J.Med.Chem.2006,49,179;(c)V.O.Rodionov,S.I.Presolski,S.Gardinier,Y.-H.Lim andM.G.Finn,J.Am.Chem.Soc.2007,129,12696;(d)J.P.Kilburn,J.Kehler,M.Langgard,M.N.Erichsen,S.Leth-Petersen,M.Larsen,C.T.Christoffersen and J.Nielsen,Bioorg.Med.Chem.2013,21,6053;(e)Z.Jin,Nat.Prod.Rep.,2011,28,1143–1191.
[2](a)M.Yoshida,I.Hayakawa,N.Hayashi,T.Agatsuma,Y.Oda,F.Tanzawa,S.Iwasaki,K.Koyama,H.Furukawa,S.Kurakata,Y.Sugano,Bioorganic&MedicinalChemistry Letters.2005,15,3328-3332;(b)W.-X.Xu,X.-Q.Dai,and J.-Q.Weng,ACSOmega,2019,4,11285-11292.
[3]B.E.Kahn,R.D.Rieke,Chem.Rev.1988,88,733–745.
[4](a)F.Minisci,Synthesis,1973,1,1–24;(b)F.Minisci,E.Vismara,F.Fontana,Heterocycles,1989,28,489–519;(c)F.Minisci,F.Fontana,E.Vismara,J.Heterocycl.Chem.1990,27,79–96;(d)C.A.Correia,L.Yang,C.-J.Li,Org.Lett.2011,13,4581–4583;(e)R.S.J.Proctor,R.J.Phipps,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2019,58,13666–13699;Angew.Chem.2019,131,13802–13837;(f)J.Dong,Y.Liu,Q.Wang,Chin.J.Org.Chem.2021,41,3771–3791.(g)B.Bieszczad,L.A.Perego,P.Melchiorre,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2019,58,16878–16883;Angew.Chem.2019,131,17034–17039.
[5]S.B.Vallejo,D.E.Yerien,andA.Postigo,ACS Sustainable Chemistry&Engineering,2021,9,10016-10047.
发明内容
本发明针对现有合成路线的缺点,提供了一种苯唑类-2-烷基醇的光化学合成方法,反应体系简单干净,以环保绿色的水为溶剂,在空气氛围下反应;反应结束后,无需特殊处理,可直接进行重结晶。
本发明苯唑类-2-烷基醇的光化学合成方法,是以苯唑类化合物和醛为原料,通过光催化实现苯唑类化合物的羟基烷基化,分离提纯后得到苯唑类-2-烷基醇化合物。具体是将苯唑类化合物、醛和催化量的TBADT溶于水中,在室温、空气氛围中,使用365nm-455nm光源照射4h-72h,反应结束后分离提纯得到目标产物。
反应路线如下所示:
其中:R1为H、F、Cl、Br、NO2、NH3、Ph、Cy、CO2Me、OH、Ar、CN、CF3或OMe;R2为alkane或aryl。
所述催化剂为钨酸盐TBADT,以苯唑类化合物为计算基准,催化剂的添加量为1mol%-20mol%。
本发明合成方法的反应温度为0℃-80℃,反应时间为4h-72h。
所述溶剂为水、乙腈、二氯甲烷、乙醇、甲醇或四氢呋喃。
所述光源为365nm-455nm。
所述分离提纯是吸取反应液中有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,加入适量石油醚制成热饱和溶液,冷却结晶、抽滤、干燥,即可得到目标产物。
目标产物苯唑类-2-烷基醇化合物的结构式为:
其中:R1为H、F、Cl、Br、NO2、NH3、Ph、Cy、CO2Me、OH、Ar、CN、CF3、OMe;R2为alkane、aryl。
本发明的有益效果体现在:
1、本发明的合成方法条件温和,在室温常压下进行;操作简便安全、绿色环保;反应溶剂为绿色环保的水,不需要额外的添加剂,反应过程不需要惰性气体保护;
2、本发明的合成方法底物适用性广,能兼容多种官能团,制备多种取代基的苯唑类-2-烷基醇化合物。
3、本发明的应用前景广阔,在克级规模上能以很好的收率得到目标产物,可以适用于工业化生产。
4、本发明能应用于合成结构复杂的抗组胺活性分子,相比于传统方法合成步骤以及操作方法有了明显简化。
具体实施方式
为进一步阐述本发明的特征和优点,下面结合具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行描述。但下列实施例仅为了进一步说明本发明,而不是限制本发明。
实施例1:
向一个10mL的反应瓶中连续加入磁力搅拌子、2-甲磺酰基苯唑1a(0.2mmol)、TBADT(3mol%,19.8mg)、环戊烷基甲醛2a(2当量)和超纯水(1.0mL)。在八位平行光反应仪上采用10W的380nm在室温下反应24小时。待反应结束,向反应液中加入适量的水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,最后利用旋蒸除去溶剂,粗产品经重结晶分离提纯得到目标产物(3a),收率91%。该化合物的核磁数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.95(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.85(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.44(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.35(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.92(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),3.84(s,1H),2.44(dd,J=14.9,7.4Hz,1H),1.77–1.49(m,8H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ176.4,152.5,134.9,126.1,125.2,122.9,121.9,75.4,46.8,29.0,28.0,25.9.
实施例2:
用环己烷基甲醛(2b)代替环戊烷基甲醛(2a),其他同实施例1。重结晶得到目标产物(3b),收率83%。该化合物的核磁数据为:1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.95(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.85(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.44(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.35(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.85(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.48(s,1H),1.89(s,1H),1.77–1.59(m,5H),1.28–1.09(m,5H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ176.2,152.6,134.9,126.1,125.1,122.9,121.9,76.6,45.1,29.5,27.2,26.3,26.2,26.0.
本发明的条件筛选优化以2-甲磺酰基苯并噻唑与环己基甲醛为模型底物,过程如下:
a标准条件:1a(0.2mmol),2b(2当量)与TBADT(3mol%)溶于超纯水(1.0mL),在室温(25℃)与空气条件下,在八位平行光反应仪上采用10W的380nm反应24小时。
b产率:用2-甲硫基苯并噻唑作内标,通过液相色谱(HPLC)来监测产率。
实施例3:
用正丁醛(2c)代替环戊烷基甲醛(2a),其他同实施例1。重结晶得到目标产物(3c),收率63%。该化合物的核磁数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.97(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.46(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.36(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),5.18–5.03(m,1H),3.36(s,1H),2.04–1.89(m,2H),1.60–1.46(M,2H),0.97(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ176.53,152.73,134.78,126.08,125.00,122.82,121.82,72.11,40.18,18.45,13.82.
实施例4:
用6-氟-2-甲磺酰基苯唑(1b)代替2-甲磺酰基苯唑(1a),其他同实施例1。重结晶得到目标产物(3d),收率78%。该化合物的核磁数据为:1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.90(dd,J=8.9,4.8Hz,1H),7.54(dd,J=8.1,2.4Hz,1H),7.19(td,J=8.9,2.6Hz,1H),4.85(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),3.00(s,1H),1.90(s,1H),1.78–1.63(m,5H),1.31–1.17(m,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ175.5,161.5,159.1,149.2,135.9,123.7,114.5,107.8,44.9,29.3,26.9,26.2,26.1,25.9.19F NMR(564MHz,CDCl3)δ-116.66.
实施例5:
用5-氯-2-甲磺酰基苯唑(1c)代替2-甲磺酰基苯唑(1a),其他同实施例1。重结晶得到目标产物(3e),收率75%。该化合物的核磁数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.95(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.35(dd,J=8.5,2.0Hz,1H),4.88(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),2.87(s,1H),1.96–1.88(m,1H),1.78–1.64(m,5H),1.29–1.19(m,5H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ178.0,153.6,133.2,132.2,125.6,122.8,122.6,76.7,45.0,29.5,26.9,26.3,26.2,26.0.
实施例6:
用6-溴-2-甲磺酰基苯唑(1d)代替2-甲磺酰基苯唑(1a),其他同实施例1。重结晶得到目标产物(3f),收率62%。该化合物的核磁数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.98(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.54(dd,J=8.6,1.8Hz,1H),4.84(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),3.60(s,1H),1.90(s,1H),1.75–1.63(m,5H),1.26–1.15(m,5H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ176.8,151.7,136.6,129.6,124.4,124.0,118.7,76.6,45.0,29.5,27.1,26.3,26.2,26.0.
实施例7:
用6-甲氧基-2-甲磺酰基苯唑(1e)代替2-甲磺酰基苯唑(1a),其他同实施例1。重结晶得到目标产物(3g),收率63%。该化合物的核磁数据为:1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.82(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.04(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),4.80(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),3.86(s,3H),3.46(s,1H),1.80–1.69(m,3H),1.68–1.58(m,2H),1.28–1.16(m,6H),0.96–0.85(m,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ173.5,157.6,147.1,136.2,123.31,115.5,104.4,76.5,55.9,45.0,29.4,27.3,26.3,26.2,26.0.
实施例8:
用羟基香茅醛(2d)代替环戊烷基甲醛(2a),其他同实施例1。重结晶得到目标产物(3h),收率74%。该化合物的核磁数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.96(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.46(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.37(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.22–5.13(m,1H),1.99–1.89(m,1H),1.86–1.70(m,2H),1.48–1.34(m,5H),1.26(s,3H),1.20(d,J=3.4Hz,8H),1.00(dd,J=12.4,6.4Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,Chloroform-d)δ177.6,152.7,134.8,126.2,125.2,122.9,122.0,71.29,70.7,45.7,44.0,38.1,36.6,29.3,21.6,20.5,19.2.
实施例9:
用兔耳草醛(2e)代替环戊烷基甲醛(2a),其他同实施例1。重结晶得到目标产物(3i),收率83%。该化合物的核磁数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.99(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.52–7.42(m,1H),7.37(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.09(s,4H),4.99(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),3.51(s,1H),2.92–2.83(m,2H),2.51–2.37(m,2H),1.21(d,J=7.0Hz,6H),0.95(d,J=6.6Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,Chloroform-d)δ175.3,152.6,146.6,137.6,135.0,129.3,126.4,126.2,125.2,123.0,121.9,76.2,42.4,37.1,33.8,24.2,15.9.
实施例10:
用4-氧丁酸甲基酯(2f)代替环戊烷基甲醛(2a),其他同实施例1。重结晶得到目标产物(3i),收率63%。该化合物的核磁数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.98(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.48(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.38(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),5.20(dd,J=7.8,4.0Hz,1H),3.85(s,1H),3.69(s,3H),2.66–2.53(m,2H),2.49–2.38(m,1H),2.32–2.22(m,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,Chloroform-d)δ176.2,174.8,152.8,134.9,126.32,125.2,122.9,122.0,71.7,52.1,32.6,30.1.
以上对本发明提供的光化学合成苯唑类-2-烷基醇的方法进行了详细介绍。以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围。在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,可对本发明进行改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (6)
2.根据权利要求1所述的光化学合成方法,其特征在于:
具体是将苯唑类化合物、醛和催化剂溶于溶剂中,在室温、空气氛围中,使用365nm-455nm光源照射,反应结束后分离提纯得到目标产物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的光化学合成方法,其特征在于:
所述催化剂为钨酸盐TBADT,催化剂的添加量为1mol%-20mol%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的光化学合成方法,其特征在于:
反应温度为0℃-80℃,反应时间为4h-72h。
5.根据权利要求2所述的光化学合成方法,其特征在于:
所述溶剂为水、乙腈、二氯甲烷、乙醇、甲醇或四氢呋喃。
6.根据权利要求2所述的光化学合成方法,其特征在于:
所述分离提纯是吸取反应液中有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,加入石油醚制成热饱和溶液,冷却结晶、抽滤、干燥,即可得到目标产物。
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