CN115925585B - 氯福克酚衍生物、抗菌药物及制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
氯福克酚衍生物、抗菌药物及制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种氯福克酚衍生物,其结构如通式(1)所示。该氯福克酚衍生物高效低毒、抗菌谱广、杀菌速度快、体内抗菌活性优良、成药性好,并且能够有效避免细菌耐药性产生。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗菌领域,特别是涉及一种氯福克酚衍生物、抗菌药物及制备方法与应用。
背景技术
近年来,由于对抗菌药物的滥用和误用,导致抗菌药物的耐药性急剧增加,基本上所有的抗菌药物都已出现细菌耐药现象,已对21世纪的全球公共卫生安全构成了严重威胁。抗菌药物的耐药性一般会延长病人的住院时间并且增加医疗费用,让越来越多的严重感染病,如结核病、脑膜炎、肺炎和败血症等变得更加难以治疗,甚至面临无药可治的局面,导致死亡率急剧上升,给全球医疗体系带来严重的负担。据估计,目前每年约有70万名患者因耐药性细菌感染而死亡。若抗菌药物耐药性问题不得到有效控制,预计到2050年,每年将有1000万患者死于耐药细菌感染。20世纪80年代以来,新型抗菌药物的发现和开发进展十分缓慢,新批准的抗菌药物数量急剧减少。此外,在过去的三十年里,还未有新型抗菌药物被批准用于治疗革兰氏阴性菌感染。革兰氏阴性菌具有由脂多糖层和膜磷脂组成的特殊外膜,使得大多数抗菌药物难以穿透细菌细胞外膜以发挥有效的抗菌活性。因此,开发一种能够克服或者减缓耐药性产生的新型抗菌药物,特别是抗革兰氏阴性菌药物就显得极其重要。
传统的大多数批准上市的抗菌药物仍然基于传统的抗菌分子骨架,容易导致交叉耐药,并且传统的抗菌药物的作用靶点单一,缺乏新型作用机制,容易产生耐药性。
发明内容
基于此,本发明提供了一种氯福克酚衍生物,其高效低毒、抗菌谱广、杀菌速度快、体内抗菌活性优良、成药性好,并且能够有效避免细菌耐药性产生。
本发明通过如下技术方案实现。
一种氯福克酚衍生物,其结构如通式(1)所示:
其中:
L1选自具有1至10个C原子的直链烷基或具有3至10个C原子的支链或环状的烷基;
R1选自胍基、氨基、精氨酸基团、组氨酸基团、赖氨酸基团或这些基团的组合。
在其中一个实施例中,L1选自具有1至6个C原子的直链烷基或具有3至6个C原子的支链或环状的烷基。
在其中一个实施例中,L1选自具有1至4个C原子的直链烷基。
在其中一个实施例中,其结构如通式(2-1)或(2-2)所示:
在其中一个实施例中,R1选自如下基团的任一种:
在其中一个实施例中,所述氯福克酚衍生物选自如下结构:
本发明还提供一种如上所述的氯福克酚衍生物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将化合物进行威廉姆逊合成反应,制备中间体A将中间体A进行水解反应,制备中间体B
将所述中间体B进行脱水缩合反应,制备所述氯福克酚衍生物。
在其中一个实施例中,威廉姆逊合成反应的温度为60℃~70℃,时间为4h~5h。
本发明还提供如上所述的氯福克酚衍生物在制备抗菌药物中的应用。
本发明还提供一种抗菌药物,其组分包括如上所述的氯福克酚衍生物、盐以及药学上可接受的辅料。
与现有技术相比较,本发明的氯福克酚衍生物具有如下有益效果:
本发明所述的氯福克酚衍生物以氯福克酚为分子骨架,具有两亲性的阳离子型化合物,具备新型的膜靶向抗菌机制,拓宽了氯福克酚的抗菌谱。本发明所述的氯福克酚衍生物对革兰氏阳性菌,包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌,以及革兰氏阴性菌,包括铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌均表现出优异的体外和体内抗菌活性,其具有良好的水溶性和优良的体内药代动力学特性,对哺乳动物细胞表现出较低的细胞毒性和溶血活性,膜选择性高,具有较好的成药性。这类抗菌药物不仅具有较强的广谱抗菌活性,而且在实验室模拟的耐药性研究中能够克服细菌耐药性的产生。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的耐药性研究;其中,A代表FT09和诺氟沙星对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213的耐药性研究,B代表FT09和阿莫西林对大肠杆菌ATCC25922的耐药性研究;
图2为本发明提供的细胞毒性研究;其中,A代表氯福克酚对小鼠成纤维细胞的细胞毒性,B代表FT09对小鼠成纤维细胞的细胞毒性;
图3为本发明提供的化合物FT09对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213细胞膜完整性的影响;
图4为本发明提供的体内抗菌活性研究;其中,A代表FT09和万古霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213的体内抗菌活性研究,B代表FT09和加替沙星对铜绿假单胞菌ATCC9027的体内抗菌活性研究。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下面将参照相关附图对本发明进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本发明的较佳实施方式。但是,本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现,并不限于本文所描述的实施方式。相反地,提供这些实施方式的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
本发明所述基团和化合物中所涉及的元素碳、氢、氧、硫、氮或卤素均包括它们的同位素情况,及本发明所述基团和化合物中所涉及的元素碳、氢、氧、硫或氮任选进一步被一个或多个它们对应的同位素所替代。
术语“烷基”是指包含伯(正)碳原子、或仲碳原子、或叔碳原子、或季碳原子、或其组合的饱和烃。包含该术语的短语,例如,“C1~C9烷基”是指包含1~9个碳原子的烷基,每次出现时,可以互相独立地为C1烷基、C2烷基、C3烷基、C4烷基、C5烷基、C6烷基、C7烷基、C8烷基、C9烷基。合适的实例包括但不限于:甲基(Me、-CH3)、乙基(Et、-CH2CH3)、1-丙基(n-Pr、n-丙基、-CH2CH2CH3)、2-丙基(i-Pr、i-丙基、-CH(CH3)2)、1-丁基(n-Bu、n-丁基、-CH2CH2CH2CH3)、2-甲基-1-丙基(i-Bu、i-丁基、-CH2CH(CH3)2)、2-丁基(s-Bu、s-丁基、-CH(CH3)CH2CH3)、2-甲基-2-丙基(t-Bu、t-丁基、-C(CH3)3)、1-戊基(n-戊基、-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3)、2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3)、3-戊基(-CH(CH2CH3)2)、2-甲基-2-丁基(-C(CH3)2CH2CH3)、3-甲基-2-丁基(-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2)、3-甲基-1-丁基(-CH2CH2CH(CH3)2)、2-甲基-1-丁基(-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3)、1-己基(-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3)、2-己基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3)、3-己基(-CH(CH2CH3)(CH2CH2CH3))、2-甲基-2-戊基(-C(CH3)2CH2CH2CH3)、3-甲基-2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3)、4-甲基-2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2)、3-甲基-3-戊基(-C(CH3)(CH2CH3)2)、2-甲基-3-戊基(-CH(CH2CH3)CH(CH3)2)、2,3-二甲基-2-丁基(-C(CH3)2CH(CH3)2)、3,3-二甲基-2-丁基(-CH(CH3)C(CH3)3和辛基(-(CH2)7CH3)。
“氨基”是指氨的衍生物,具有式-N(X)2的结构特征,其中每个“X”独立地是H、取代的或未被取代的烷基、取代的或未被取代的环烷基、取代的或未被取代的杂环基等。氨基的非限制性类型包括-NH2、-N(烷基)2、-NH(烷基)、-N(环烷基)2、-NH(环烷基)、-N(杂环基)2、-NH(杂环基)、-N(芳基)2、-NH(芳基)、-N(烷基)(芳基)、-N(烷基)(杂环基)、-N(环烷基)(杂环基)、-N(芳基)(杂芳基)、-N(烷基)(杂芳基)等。
本发明提供了一种氯福克酚衍生物,其结构如通式(1)所示:
其中:
L1选自具有1至10个C原子的直链烷基或具有3至10个C原子的支链或环状的烷基;
R1选自胍基、氨基、精氨酸基团、组氨酸基团、赖氨酸基团或这些基团的组合。
在一个具体的示例中,L1选自具有1至6个C原子的直链烷基或具有3至6个C原子的支链或环状的烷基。更具体地,L1选自具有1至4个C原子的直链烷基。
在一个具体的示例中,其结构如通式(2-1)或(2-2)所示:
在一个具体的示例中,R1选自如下基团的任一种:
在一个具体的示例中,氯福克酚衍生物选自如下结构:
在一个具体的示例中,氯福克酚衍生物选自如下结构:
可以理解地,氨基酸与氨基酸的连接位点默认为酰胺键。
本发明还提供一种上述氯福克酚衍生物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将化合物进行威廉姆逊合成反应,制备中间体A将中间体A进行水解反应,制备中间体B
将中间体B进行脱水缩合反应,制备氯福克酚衍生物。
在一个具体的示例中,威廉姆逊合成反应的温度为60℃~70℃,时间为4h~5h。
本发明还提供上述氯福克酚衍生物在制备抗菌药物中的应用。
本发明还提供一种抗菌药物,其组分包括上述氯福克酚衍生物、盐以及药学上可接受的辅料。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的氯福克酚衍生物及其制备方法做进一步详细的说明。以下实施例中所用的原料,如无特别说明,均为市售产品。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种氯福克酚衍生物FT07及其制备方法,合成路线如下:
中间体FT05:
将氯福克酚(400.0mg,1.09mmol)溶解在15mL丙酮中,同时加入碳酸钾(302.6mg,2.19mmol)和溴乙酸乙酯(293μL,2.74mmol)。混合均匀后将反应液加热至65℃搅拌回流4h。然后反应液用乙酸乙酯萃取两次后浓缩有机相,使用柱层析分离纯化。经干燥后得到白色固体产物FT05(438.6mg,89%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.37(d,J=0.9Hz,1H),7.19–7.12(m,2H),7.10(d,J=1.1Hz,2H),6.66(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.58(s,2H),4.24(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.09(s,2H),1.65(s,2H),1.31–1.26(m,9H),0.67(s,9H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ169.12,153.64,143.21,137.38,134.84,132.12,131.80,129.36,128.89,126.82,126.72,125.29,110.77,65.76,61.27,56.97,38.00,33.52,32.33,31.79,31.66,14.19.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C25H32Cl2O3[M+Na]+473.1621,found 473.1620.
产物FT07:
将FT05(85.3mg,0.20mmol)用4mL四氢呋喃溶解后,加入2mL氢氧化锂水溶液(29.0mg,1.20mmol)。混合均匀后于常温条件下搅拌反应1.5小时。反应完全后加入冰乙酸调节至中性。反应液用正丁醇萃取后浓缩有机相,真空干燥后所得中间体用DMF(8mL)溶解,并依次加入2-(7-氮杂苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HATU,230.4mg,0.60mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA,351μL,2.01mmol)和L-精氨酸甲酯二盐酸盐(157.3mg,0.60mmol)。混合均匀后,反应液在室温条件下搅拌反应24小时。反应完全后,反应液用正丁醇萃取两次后浓缩有机相,使用半制备型高效液相分离纯化。经干燥后得到黄色固体产物FT07(70.2mg,59%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.46(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.28–7.19(m,2H),7.15–7.09(m,2H),6.87(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.59–4.50(m,3H),4.14(s,2H),3.73(s,3H),3.23–3.13(m,2H),2.00–1.65(m,4H),1.62–1.52(m,2H),1.29(s,6H),0.67(s,9H).13CNMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ171.26,169.65,158.67,154.73,144.55,138.74,135.95,133.58,132.93,130.17,129.98,128.22,127.76,126.71,112.61,68.49,57.83,53.03,52.68,41.77,38.90,34.30,33.08,32.30,32.27,29.81,26.10.HRMS(ESI+):calculated forC30H42Cl2N4O4[M+H]+593.2656,found 593.2666.
实施例2
本实施例提供一种氯福克酚衍生物FT09及其制备方法,合成路线如下:
产物T09:
将反应物FT05(80.0mg,0.18mmol)、HATU(168.9mg,0.44mmol)、DIPEA(154μL,0.88mmol)和H-Arg-Arg-Arg-OMe·4HCl(129.0mg,0.20mmol)按照合成FT07的方法,制备得到白色固体产物FT09(138.2mg,88%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.45(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.27–7.20(m,2H),7.13(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.07(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.86(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.57(d,J=5.2Hz,2H),4.49–4.36(m,3H),4.13(d,J=3.1Hz,2H),3.72(s,3H),3.24–3.14(m,6H),1.94–1.59(m,14H),1.28(s,6H),0.65(s,9H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ174.04,173.60,173.56,171.28,170.54,158.70,154.75,144.49,138.71,136.00,133.60,133.10,129.99,129.96,128.22,127.79,126.68,112.66,68.54,57.82,54.22,53.87,53.37,52.87,41.91,41.86,41.81,38.89,34.16,33.06,32.29,32.26,30.38,30.12,29.42,26.23,26.15,25.95.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C42H66Cl2N12O6[M+2H]2+453.2375,found453.2380.
实施例3
本实施例提供一种氯福克酚衍生物FT12及其制备方法,合成路线如下:
产物FT12:
将反应物FT07(64.4mg,0.11mmol)、HATU(120.9mg,0.33mmol)、DIPEA(111μL,0.65mmol)和H-Arg-Arg-NH2·3HCl(89.4mg,0.20mmol)按照合成FT07的方法,制备得到黄色油状产物FT12(49.7mg,51%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.46(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.28–7.20(m,2H),7.13(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.07(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),6.87(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.62–4.51(m,2H),4.50–4.43(m,1H),4.41–4.31(m,2H),4.19–4.08(m,2H),3.23–3.15(m,6H),1.96–1.59(m,14H),1.28(s,6H),0.66(s,9H).HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C41H65Cl2N13O5[M+H]+890.4681,found 890.4685.
实施例4
本实施例提供一种氯福克酚衍生物FT37及其制备方法,合成路线如下:
产物FT37:
将反应物FT05(75mg,0.18mmol)、HATU(202.1mg,0.53mmol)、DIPEA(185μL,1.06mmol)和H-Arg-Arg-OMe·3HCl(116.4mg,0.27mmol)按照合成FT07的方法,制备得到黄白色固体产物FT37(103.6mg,80%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.45(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.27–7.17(m,2H),7.12(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.08(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.86(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.55(d,J=2.4Hz,2H),4.51–4.43(m,2H),4.18–4.07(m,2H),3.73(s,3H),3.24–3.10(m,4H),2.03–1.82(m,2H),1.79–1.53(m,8H),1.28(s,6H),0.66(s,9H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ173.59,173.55,171.05,170.37,158.71,154.71,144.51,138.69,136.01,133.59,133.02,130.05,129.98,128.22,127.77,126.68,112.60,68.49,57.83,53.63,53.25,52.90,41.91,41.78,38.89,34.21,33.07,32.29,32.26,32.24,30.58,29.44,26.22,25.91.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C36H54Cl2N8O5[M+H]+749.3667,found 749.3671.
实施例5
本实施例提供一种氯福克酚衍生物FT40及其制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
产物FT40:
将反应物FT09(70.9mg,0.08mmol)用4mL四氢呋喃溶解后,加入2mL氢氧化锂水溶液(18.8mg,0.78mmol)。混合均匀后于常温条件下搅拌反应1.5小时。反应完全后加入冰乙酸调节至中性。反应液用正丁醇萃取后浓缩有机相,使用半制备型高效液相分离纯化。经干燥后得到淡黄色油状产物FT40(58.7mg,84%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.45(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.28–7.19(m,2H),7.12(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.08(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.86(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.61–4.53(m,2H),4.52–4.46(m,1H),4.43–4.35(m,1H),4.23–4.16(m,1H),4.15–4.10(m,2H),3.25–3.11(m,6H),2.01–1.55(m,14H),1.28(s,6H),0.66(s,9H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ178.05,173.66,173.21,171.08,169.47,158.71,158.66,154.72,144.49,138.67,136.00,133.59,133.03,130.04,129.98,128.22,127.77,126.67,112.63,68.50,57.83,55.30,54.56,53.91,42.06,42.04,41.78,38.89,34.21,33.06,32.30,32.27,32.24,30.88,30.68,30.13,26.15,25.84.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C41H64Cl2N12O6[M+H]+891.4522,found 891.4517.
实施例6
本实施例提供一种氯福克酚衍生物FT41及其制备方法,合成路线如下:
产物FT41:
将反应物FT07(50.3mg,0.09mmol)、HATU(99.0mg,0.26mmol)、DIPEA(91μL,0.52mmol)和H-Arg-Arg-Arg-OMe·4HCl(86.9mg,0.14mmol)按照合成FT07的方法,制备得到黄色油状产物FT41(38.6mg,42%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.46(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.27–7.20(m,2H),7.13(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.07(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),6.90–6.84(m,1H),4.63–4.51(m,2H),4.49–4.30(m,4H),4.18–4.07(m,2H),3.72(s,3H),3.24–3.13(m,8H),1.98–1.82(m,4H),1.80–1.57(m,14H),1.28(s,6H),0.65(s,9H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ174.11,173.90,173.72,173.58,171.31,170.12,158.68,154.72,144.42,138.68,135.98,133.57,133.09,129.97,129.95,128.21,127.75,126.64,112.62,101.32,68.52,57.79,54.37,54.28,53.93,53.38,52.88,41.89,41.83,41.79,41.73,38.86,34.16,33.05,32.30,32.26,30.29,30.16,29.95,29.39,26.29,26.17,26.13,25.96.HRMS(ESI+):calculatedfor C48H78Cl2N16O7[M+2H]2+531.2881,found 531.2896.
实施例7
本实施例提供一种氯福克酚衍生物FT42及其制备方法,合成路线如下:
产物FT42:
将反应物FT37(94.6mg,0.13mmol)、HATU(144.1mg,0.38mmol)、DIPEA(132μL,0.76mmol)和H-Arg-Arg-Arg-OMe·4HCl(126.5mg,0.20mmol)按照合成FT07的方法,制备得到黄色油状产物FT42(40.7mg,26%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.46(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.26–7.20(m,2H),7.13(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.07(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),6.87(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.64–4.52(m,2H),4.49–4.28(m,5H),4.19–4.08(m,2H),3.73–3.71(m,3H),3.25–3.12(m,10H),1.98–1.55(m,22H),1.28(s,6H),0.66(s,9H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ174.16,174.04,173.94,173.82,173.60,171.41,169.98,158.77,158.74,158.72,158.70,154.76,144.50,138.71,136.01,133.62,133.09,129.98,128.23,127.79,126.67,112.65,101.34,77.10,68.61,57.82,54.34,54.13,53.41,52.88,52.39,41.92,41.88,41.86,41.83,41.81,38.89,34.17,33.07,32.32,32.29,32.26,32.21,32.19,29.42,27.29,26.31,26.20,26.13,26.03,20.85.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C54H90Cl2N20O8[M+2H]2+609.3387,found609.3397.
实施例8
本实施例提供一种氯福克酚衍生物FT46及其制备方法,制备过程如下:
产物FT46:
将反应物FT05(60mg,0.13mmol)用4mL四氢呋喃溶解后,加入2mL氢氧化锂水溶液(19.1mg,0.80mmol)。混合均匀后于常温条件下搅拌反应1.5小时。反应完全后加入冰乙酸调节至中性。反应液用正丁醇萃取后浓缩有机相。真空干燥后得到的中间体用DMF(8mL)溶解、同时加入HATU(152.4mg,0.40mmol)、DIPEA(232μL,1.33mmol)和N-Boc-L-赖氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(118.6mg,0.40mmol)。混合均匀后,反应液在室温条件下搅拌反应24小时。反应完全后,反应液用正丁醇萃取两次后浓缩有机相,干燥后用二氯甲烷(15mL)溶解,并加入三氟乙酸(3mL),混合搅拌1小时后,用正丁醇萃取两次后浓缩有机相,使用半制备型高效液相分离纯化。制备得到黄色油状产物FT46(27.3mg,34%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.46(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.29–7.18(m,2H),7.14–7.06(m,2H),6.86(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.60–4.46(m,3H),4.13(s,2H),3.72(s,3H),2.93–2.85(m,2H),1.97–1.60(m,6H),1.42–1.33(m,2H),1.30(s,6H),0.67(s,9H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ173.27,171.18,154.72,144.48,138.74,135.93,133.54,132.90,130.21,129.97,128.23,127.65,126.71,112.52,68.39,57.82,52.99,52.79,40.38,38.89,34.36,33.10,32.32,32.28,32.08,27.96,23.64.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C30H42Cl2N2O4[M+H]+565.2594,found 565.2607.
实施例9
本实施例提供一种氯福克酚衍生物FT49及其制备方法,合成路线如下:
产物FT49:
将反应物FT05(71.8mg,0.16mmol)、HATU(181.5mg,0.48mmol)、DIPEA(166μL,0.95mmol)和H-Arg-Arg-NH2·3HCl(104.6mg,0.24mmol)按照合成FT07的方法,制备得到白色固体产物FT49(86.3mg,74%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.45(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.27–7.18(m,2H),7.13(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.07(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.87(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),4.59–4.45(m,3H),4.42–4.36(m,1H),4.19–4.08(m,2H),3.18(t,J=6.8Hz,4H),1.97–1.53(m,10H),1.28(s,6H),0.66(s,9H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ173.42,171.17,169.88,158.68,158.65,154.70,144.45,138.68,136.02,133.59,133.06,129.97,128.22,127.74,126.66,112.54,101.45,68.46,57.81,53.93,53.90,53.75,41.86,38.88,34.20,33.08,32.32,32.27,30.35,26.27,25.83.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C35H53Cl2N9O4[M+H]+734.3670,found 734.3659.
实施例10
本实施例提供一种氯福克酚衍生物FT60及其制备方法,合成路线如下:
中间体FT59:
将氯福克酚(200.0mg,0.55mmol)、碳酸钾(151.3mg,1.09mmol)和溴丁酸乙酯(138μL,1.09mmol)按照合成FT05的方法,制备得到黄色油状产物FT59(223.7mg,88%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.38(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.22–7.16(m,1H),7.11–7.05(m,2H),6.92(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),6.75(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.01(s,2H),3.95(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.67(s,3H),2.36(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),2.08–1.96(m,2H),1.66(s,2H),1.31(s,6H),0.69(s,9H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ173.82,154.43,142.18,137.69,134.83,132.13,131.32,129.11,128.99,126.85,126.29,125.39,110.53,66.65,57.03,51.72,38.01,33.71,32.42,31.89,31.80,30.48,24.74.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C26H34Cl2O3[M+H]+465.1958,found465.1956.
产物FT60:
将反应物FT59(56.3mg,0.12mmol)、HATU(115.3mg,0.30mmol)、DIPEA(105μL,0.60mmol)和H-Arg-Arg-Arg-OMe·4HCl(90.8mg,0.14mmol)按照合成FT07的方法,制备得到黄色油状产物FT60(96.4mg,76%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.43(s,1H),7.20(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.11–7.02(m,2H),6.86(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.48–4.27(m,3H),4.03(s,2H),3.98(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),3.72(s,3H),3.26–3.13(m,6H),2.41(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),2.09–1.60(m,16H),1.28(s,6H),0.66(s,9H).13C NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ175.85,174.34,174.07,173.55,170.01,158.71,155.75,142.84,139.15,135.91,133.32,133.08,129.81,129.70,127.99,127.44,126.45,111.82,68.29,57.88,54.56,54.15,53.27,52.86,41.89,41.88,41.78,38.76,34.23,33.23,33.07,32.34,32.27,30.14,29.96,29.45,26.59,26.24,26.17.HRMS(ESI+):calculated for C44H70Cl2N12O6[M+H]+933.4991,found 933.4985.
生物实验评估方法
1、抗菌活性测定
根据临床和实验室标准协会(CLSI)指南规定的肉汤稀释法测试所合成化合物的抗菌活性。将细菌细胞接种到Mueller-Hinton琼脂(MHA)平板上培养过夜,并用PBS将细菌细胞浓度调整为大约1×106CFU/mL,用于制备细菌悬浮液。将样品首先溶解在DMSO/H2O中,制备浓度为1000μg/mL(DMSO的最终浓度≤2%)的样品储备液,然后用Mueller-Hinton琼脂(MHB)将储备液稀释至初始浓度200μg/mL,并将样品溶液(100μL)在96孔板中连续稀释,以获得100μg/mL至0.78μg/mL的浓度。接着在96孔板的每个孔中加入细菌悬浮液(100μL)与测试样品溶液(100μL)混合。最后将96孔板在37℃下孵育24小时。测试在0和24h在600nm处的吸光度。将MIC值定义为未见细菌生长所需化合物的最低浓度。所有实验至少进行两次,并实现生物实验的可重复性。
2、溶血活性测定
将新鲜的兔红细胞(RBCs)以2500rpm离心3分钟,然后用PBS洗涤两次。随后用PBS重悬兔红细胞,以制备8%(v/v)的细胞悬浮液。将样品首先溶解在DMSO或PBS中(DMSO的终浓度≤0.5%),然后用PBS稀释以制备两倍梯度稀释液(400至3.125μg/mL)。将兔红细胞悬浮液(100μL)与样品的两倍梯度稀释液(100μL)混合后加入无菌96孔板中,将96孔板在37℃下孵育1小时,并以2500rpm离心5分钟。将上清液(100μL)转移至新的96孔板中,使用多功能酶标仪测定576nm处的吸光度,2%Triton X-100溶液处理组用作阳性对照,PBS或含0.5%DMSO处理组用作阴性对照。通过以下等式计算溶血活性:%溶血活性=[(Abs样品–Abs阴性对照)/(Abs阳性对照–Abs阴性对照)]×100。所有实验至少进行两次,并实现生物实验的可重复性。
3、耐药性发展倾向评估
通过上述MIC测定方法获得化合物FT09、诺氟沙星对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213的初始MIC值以及FT09、阿莫西林对大肠杆菌ATCC25922的初始MIC值。然后取出浓度为0.5×MIC的96孔板中的细菌细胞,以制备细菌悬浮液(约1×106CFU/mL),用于下一步的MIC值测定。将样品在37℃下孵育24小时后,测量样品的MIC值变化。该实验连续进行22-23天。
4、对哺乳动物细胞的毒性测定(CCK-8试验)
通过CCK-8法评估氯福克酚及其衍生物FT09对小鼠成纤维细胞(NCTC clone 929)的细胞毒性。将对数期的小鼠成纤维细胞(NCTC clone 929)细胞用0.25%胰酶(含EDTA)消化3分钟,然后吹打并用RPMI 1640培养基(含10%胎牛血清FBS)稀释接种至96孔板中(约2×104个细胞/孔),在5%CO2气氛下于37℃孵育24h后除去培养基。将氯福克酚及其衍生物FT09首先溶解在DMSO(DMSO的终浓度≤0.1%)中,然后用RPMI 1640培养基(含10%胎牛血清FBS)稀释以制备两倍梯度稀释液(200至3.125μg/mL)。将上述样品的两倍梯度稀释液(100μL)分别加入96孔板中与NCTC clone 929细胞共同孵育24h;最后向每孔加入终浓度为10μL的CCK-8溶液,并于培养箱中孵育1.0h后用酶标仪测定溶液在450nm处的吸光度(OD450)。根据以下公式计算待测样品的细胞毒性:A加样:具有细胞、CCK8溶液、待测样品和培养基的孔的吸光度;A空白:具有培养基和CCK8溶液而没有细胞的孔的吸光度;A未加样:具有细胞、CCK8溶液、培养基而没有待测样品的孔的吸光度。实验至少重复两次,并实现生物实验的可重复性。
5、SYTOX green实验
将细菌细胞在MHB培养基中培育至对数期,然后用PBS缓冲液(10mM,pH=7.2)洗涤两次,离心得到细菌细胞。然后将细菌细胞重悬于PBS中,并调整细菌悬浮液浓度至吸光度OD600=0.2。向细菌悬浮液中加入0.3μM SYTOX Green染料,使用酶标仪(激发波长:504nm,发射波长:523nm)监测其荧光强度变化。待荧光信号稳定后,将不同浓度的样品(1×MIC,2×MIC和4×MIC)加入至上述含SYTOX Green染料的细菌悬浮液中。然后使用酶标仪监测其荧光强度变化约1h。以含0.5%DMSO的PBS溶液作为空白对照组。实验至少进行两次,并实现生物实验的可重复性。
6、体内抗菌功效评估
动物体内抗菌功效评估实验已获得华南农业大学实验动物中心的批准,并按照中国卫生部的政策进行。本研究使用雌性C57BL6小鼠(6-8周,平均体重20g)。首先建立免疫抑制的小鼠模型用于金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213诱导的小鼠角膜感染模型,而铜绿假单胞菌ATCC9027诱导的角膜感染模型则未对小鼠进行免疫抑制。在感染前5天,往小鼠腹膜内注射环磷酰胺(100mg/kg)3次。将接种在Mueller Hinton琼脂(MHA)平板上的细菌细胞(金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213)用PBS悬浮,并将细菌悬浮液浓度调节为约5×107CFU/mL,以用于角膜感染。通过腹腔注射2.5%的Avertin(500mg/kg)麻醉剂对小鼠进行麻醉,然后用无菌针头对小鼠左眼的角膜进行划痕,并将15μL细菌悬浮液滴到受损的角膜上。感染后一天,将小鼠随机分为三组(每组5只小鼠),每天局部使用化合物(0.5%FT09、5%葡萄糖溶液,5%万古霉素或0.3%加替沙星)四次,连续给药3天。最后对小鼠进行安乐死,收集受伤的角膜,并通过MHA平板计数法对活菌进行计数。使用SPSS 22.0软件计算P值,并认为P≤0.05为具备统计学显著性。
实验结果
1、抗菌和溶血活性结果如表1所示。其中化合物FT09对革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌都表现出非常优异的抗菌活性,MIC值为0.39-3.125μg/mL;同时对兔红细胞展示出非常低的溶血活性,HC50(裂解50%兔红细胞所需化合物的浓度)值大于200μg/mL。该结果表明化合物FT09具有非常高的膜选择性(HC50/MIC)。
表1基于氯福克酚衍生物的体外抗菌和溶血活性(μg/mL)
[a]ND=Not determined.
[b]VAN=万古霉素
2、耐药性研究结果:耐药性的发展倾向已成为设计和评估新型抗菌药物的关键考虑因素。如图1所示,经过22-23天连续传代后,化合物FT09的MIC值均未观察到大于4倍的增加。相反,诺氟沙星则迅速地产生耐药性,经过11天连续传代后MIC值升高了256倍;阿莫西林同样产生耐药性,经过15天连续传代后MIC值升高了16倍。这些结果表明,化合物FT09可以有效减缓甚至克服细菌耐药性的产生。
3、体外细胞毒性测定结果:通过CCK-8试验测定了氯福克酚和FT09对哺乳动物细胞的细胞毒性。如图2所示,氯福克酚对小鼠成纤维细胞(NCTC clone929)的毒性比较明显,其CC50值为14.9μg/mL。FT09对小鼠NCTC clone 929细胞的CC50值则高达107.1μg/mL,其安全性比氯福克酚提高7.2倍。在100μg/mL FT09存在情况下,仍观察到有53.2±1.3%的细胞存活,表明FT09对哺乳动物细胞表现出极低的毒性,显示出较高的治疗潜力。
4、膜靶向的抗菌机制:利用SYTOX Green试验初步探讨了FT09和细菌细胞膜之间的作用情况。如图3所示,当用FT09处理大肠杆菌ATCC25922时,观察到细菌混合液中的SYTOX Green染料的荧光强度显著地增强,并呈现出浓度依赖的方式。而对照组的细菌经过PBS处理,细菌混合液中的荧光强调则未发生明显的变化。这些结果表明FT09能够通过浓度依赖的方式对细菌细胞膜的完整性造成破坏,诱发细菌细胞内容物的泄露而导致细菌细胞的死亡,初步验证了阳离子型的氯福克酚衍生物FT09具备膜靶向的抗菌机制。
5、体内抗菌活性评估结果:化合物FT09对革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌均表现出优异的体外抗菌活性,并具备非常高的膜选择性和较高的安全性,我们进一步评估其在动物体内的抗菌功效。在本研究中,首先利用环磷酰胺处理小鼠,对小鼠进行免疫抑制,然后建立金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213诱导的小鼠角膜感染模型;其次直接通过铜绿假单胞菌ATCC9027诱导建立小鼠角膜感染模型(未对小鼠进行免疫抑制)。如图4所示,化合物FT09对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213(阳性菌)以及铜绿假单胞菌ATCC9027(阴性菌)都表现出优异的体内抗菌活性,可使受感染角膜中的细菌的减少量都大于99.9%,其疗效可与市售的万古霉素或者加替沙星相互比拟。这些结果表明,化合物FT09能够治愈由金黄色葡萄球菌以及铜绿假单胞菌引起的小鼠角膜感染。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,便于具体和详细地理解本发明的技术方案,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利保护范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。应当理解,本领域技术人员在本发明提供的技术方案的基础上,通过合乎逻辑的分析、推理或者有限的试验得到的技术方案,均在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求的内容为准,说明书及附图可以用于解释权利要求的内容。
Claims (9)
1.一种氯福克酚衍生物,其特征在于,其结构如通式(1)所示:
其中:
L1选自具有1至10个C原子的直链烷基或具有3至10个C原子的支链或环状的烷基;
R1选自如下基团的任一种:
2.根据权利要求1所述的氯福克酚衍生物,其特征在于,L1选自具有1至6个C原子的直链烷基或具有3至6个C原子的支链或环状的烷基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的氯福克酚衍生物,其特征在于,L1选自具有1至4个C原子的直链烷基。
4.根据权利要求1所述的氯福克酚衍生物,其特征在于,其结构如通式(2-1)或(2-2)所示:
5.根据权利要求1所述的氯福克酚衍生物,其特征在于,所述氯福克酚衍生物选自如下结构:
6.一种如权利要求1~5任一项所述的氯福克酚衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将化合物进行威廉姆逊合成反应,制备中间体A将所述中间体A进行水解反应,制备中间体B
将所述中间体B进行脱水缩合反应,制备所述氯福克酚衍生物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的氯福克酚衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,威廉姆逊合成反应的温度为60℃~70℃,时间为4h~5h。
8.权利要求1~5任一项所述的氯福克酚衍生物在制备抗菌药物中的应用。
9.一种抗菌药物,其特征在于,其组分包括权利要求1~5任一项所述的氯福克酚衍生物、盐以及药学上可接受的辅料。
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GB1519495A (en) * | 1974-07-04 | 1978-07-26 | Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co | Azetidinone derivatives and process for preparation thereof |
FR2540103A1 (fr) * | 1983-01-28 | 1984-08-03 | Debat Lab | Nouveaux derives de benzhydrol, utilisation en therapeutique et procede de preparation |
US4659741A (en) * | 1983-11-29 | 1987-04-21 | Institut De Recherches Chimiques Et Biologiques Appliquees (I.R.C.E.B.A) | β-[2-(halogenobenzyl)-phenoxy]-ethylamine derivatives |
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GB1519495A (en) * | 1974-07-04 | 1978-07-26 | Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co | Azetidinone derivatives and process for preparation thereof |
FR2540103A1 (fr) * | 1983-01-28 | 1984-08-03 | Debat Lab | Nouveaux derives de benzhydrol, utilisation en therapeutique et procede de preparation |
US4659741A (en) * | 1983-11-29 | 1987-04-21 | Institut De Recherches Chimiques Et Biologiques Appliquees (I.R.C.E.B.A) | β-[2-(halogenobenzyl)-phenoxy]-ethylamine derivatives |
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