CN115921495A - High-value recycling treatment process with zero pollution and zero carbon emission for household garbage - Google Patents
High-value recycling treatment process with zero pollution and zero carbon emission for household garbage Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-value recycling treatment process with zero pollution and zero carbon emission of household garbage. The invention relates to a brand-new household garbage treatment process in a garbage classification scene, after dry and wet garbage is classified and collected, the dry garbage generates reducing gas H by adopting a pyrolysis gasification process 2 、CH 4 CO, wet garbage is subjected to anaerobic fermentation process to generate CH 4 And CO 2 Recovering ammonia nitrogen from the anaerobic biogas slurry; by coupling SCBR Process, H produced by pyrolysis gasification 2 、CH 4 CO with CH produced by anaerobic fermentation 4 And ammonia nitrogen recovered from the biogas slurry is used as a main raw material to produce single-cell protein by fermentation; by coupling PBR reactors, CO produced by pyrolysis gasification 2 And CO produced by anaerobic fermentation 2 Collecting, utilizing and culturing microalgae to produce algae powder, biological oil or other products; bringing anaerobic biogas residues into pyrolysis and gasification; the biogas slurry is recycled after advanced treatment(ii) a A small amount of tar generated by pyrolysis and gasification is sold, and the slag is used for resource utilization such as brick making.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a garbage treatment process, in particular to a high-value recycling treatment process with zero pollution and zero carbon emission for household garbage.
Background
In recent years, due to the continuous proposition of relevant policies of 'non-waste cities', 'carbon neutralization and carbon peak reaching', the requirements of the treatment of the domestic garbage on pollutant and carbon emission are higher and higher in the future, so that the comprehensive consideration of the existing domestic garbage treatment mode (such as incineration) is necessary to explore a brand-new treatment technology or route with zero pollution, low carbon or zero carbon emission.
After the garbage classification is implemented, dry garbage is incinerated by the conventional grate furnace to have a plurality of problems, the pyrolysis gasification is a feasible method for treating the dry garbage, the technology is mature at present and is applied to a plurality of biomass, medical waste and domestic garbage treatment projects at home and abroad, the gasification temperature is higher than 1000 ℃, the tar yield is extremely low, the yield of mixed gas is increased greatly, and the main component of the mixed gas is H 2 、CH 4 CO and CO 2 In which H is 2 、CH 4 The total volume fraction of CO can reach more than 70 percent, and the traditional pyrolysis gasification mixed gas is simply treated and then directly sold as combustible gas.
Wet garbage produced after garbage classification has high solid content of over 15%, and is crushed, extruded and dewatered before anaerobic fermentation to produce marsh gas with CH 4 About 60% -70% CO 2 The content is about 30-40%, the traditional biogas treatment mode is that the biogas is used as biogas after incineration power generation or purification and is connected to the grid, the biogas residues are composted or buried, and the biogas slurry is further used as sewage for treatment.
Utilization of H produced by pyrolysis gasification from the standpoint of resource recovery and creation of high value-added products for plant areas 2 、CH 4 Nitrogen recovered from CO gas and wet garbage as raw material and energy source for culturing unicellular strain, and CO generated by pyrolysis gasification and anaerobic fermentation 2 The cultivation of microalgae as a raw material source is a green and economical choice.
By culturing with H 2 、CH 4 CO gas is the main substrate of specific bacteria, and Single Cell Protein (SCP) (also called as 'mycoprotein') can be produced. Compared with plant protein, the single-cell protein has the characteristics of high synthesis efficiency, no need of multiple restrictions of land, sunlight, plant growth and the like, and the amino acid composition of the single-cell protein is more similar to that of animal protein, thereby providing a potential choice for increasingly tense global animal source protein requirements. The bacteria for single cell protein production include hydrogen oxidizing bacteria HOB, methane oxidizing bacteria MOB, carbon monoxide oxidizing bacteria COOB, etc., HOB is aerobic facultative chemoautotrophic bacteria, and H is used 2 As electron donor, O 2 Immobilization of CO as an Electron acceptor 2 And absorb nitrogen and phosphorus to synthesize high-quality protein; MOB and COOB are each represented by CH 4 And CO is the only carbon source and energy source, and absorbs nitrogen and phosphorus to synthesize high-quality protein. Of the three bacteria, the HOB protein was produced in the most hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria.
Microalgae use light as an energy source, inorganic or organic carbon as a carbon source, water as a hydrogen donor, absorb elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus to synthesize carbohydrates, proteins and lipids through photosynthesis, and release oxygen, and have great potential in carbon dioxide capture, utilization and fixation (CCUS). According to different contents of protein, lipid and carbohydrate in microalgae cells, microalgae products with different purposes can be produced by culturing specific types of microalgae. For example, dunaliella and Chlorella vulgaris have high lipid content, and the lipid content of single cell is 55% of dry weight, and can be used for extracting oil to produce biodiesel; the protein content of spirulina and the like is as high as 60-70 percent, and the spirulina and the like are mainly used for recycling protein to carry out biological medicine application or feed development.
At present, domestic related to pyrolysis and gasification treatment of domestic garbage, wet garbage anaerobic treatment and microbial protein culture by using culture medium or pure biomassMore patents exist, and microalgae are also utilized to culture and fix CO in biogas 2 Or the patent of culturing microalgae by taking methane as a carbon source, but the related patents of coupling the processes of pyrolysis gasification treatment of the domestic garbage and anaerobic treatment of the wet garbage with the processes of culturing and producing single-cell protein and microalgae are not found.
At present, the treatment and disposal modes of the domestic garbage comprise sanitary landfill, incineration and composting. Incineration is one of the mainstream modes of the current garbage treatment, the volume of the garbage is reduced through high-temperature oxidation through reactions such as combustion, thermal decomposition and melting, and the garbage finally becomes residue or molten solid matter.
However, the existing waste incineration technology still has more problems, especially under the policy background of 'no waste city', 'carbon neutralization and carbon peak reaching', the main problems include: 1) The waste incineration process can generate secondary pollutants such as fly ash, dioxin, sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, hydrogen chloride, heavy metal and the like, and further treatment is needed; 2) The waste incineration process can generate a large amount of CO 2 The greenhouse gas is discharged through a chimney to cause the emission of greenhouse gas; 3) The resource utilization of the household garbage is not completely realized by garbage incineration, and other high-value products are not produced; 4) At present, wet garbage and dry garbage are still mixed and burned due to reasons of insufficient garbage classification and the like, so that a large amount of leachate (accounting for about 20-30% of the total amount of household garbage) is generated, and the problem of leachate treatment exists.
After the garbage classification is implemented in key cities, household garbage is divided into dry garbage and wet garbage from the source, the dry garbage and the wet garbage are respectively treated in an independent mode, the dry garbage is treated in an incineration mode, and the wet garbage is treated in an anaerobic fermentation or aerobic composting mode, but the following problems exist at present:
the incineration of dry refuse, due to the increased calorific value of the refuse entering the furnace, causes additional problems such as: the over-temperature and coking ash accumulation phenomena can occur on the furnace wall due to the higher temperature of the hearth in the operation process of the incinerator, so that the safe operation and the service life of the incinerator are influenced; the temperature of the hearth rises in the running process of the incinerator, so that the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas is increased, and the like.
The current treatment modes of wet garbage mainly comprise composting and anaerobic fermentation, and the two modes can realize the reduction and the resource utilization of the garbage to a certain extent, but have a plurality of problems: (1) most composting devices are low in centralization degree, the overall composting environment is poor, the problem of 'proximity effect' exists, the composting is not thorough, most enterprises lack fertilizer registration certificates at present, compost products can be sold to farmers or organic fertilizer plants only as semi-finished products nearby, the selling price is low, the high economic value of organic fertilizers cannot be completely realized, and the recycling of wet garbage compost cannot be completely realized; (2) the main component of the wet garbage is kitchen garbage, the solid content is high (basically more than 15%), the wet anaerobic fermentation adopted at present can utilize the generated biogas, but can generate a large amount of biogas slurry and biogas residues at the same time, the biogas slurry and the biogas residues can be discharged after reaching the standard by subsequent harmless treatment, the process is complex, the cost is high, and the resource utilization cannot be fully realized.
CN111607443A discloses a method for solidifying and adsorbing CO by using microalgae 2 The biogas purification method comprises inoculating microalgae seeds into a culture solution for culture, introducing biogas subjected to primary filtration and desulfurization, and removing CO through photosynthesis, solidification and adsorption of microalgae 2 . The patent refers to the field of' treatment of methane, especially methane, using CO 2 Similar to the patent in the aspect of removing CO, but different from the patent in the aspect of removing CO in the methane by culturing microalgae 2 To purify the biogas.
CN104762331A discloses a method and a culture device for coupling biogas fermentation and microalgae culture, which dilute biogas slurry to be used as a culture medium of microalgae, and use carbon dioxide in the biogas as a carbon source to carry out microorganism culture, so as to realize the culture of microorganisms and the purification of the biogas, wherein the biogas from a microalgae reactor is dried and then used for combustion and lighting lamps, and the microalgae is harvested to carry out the extraction of biological grease, phycocyanin and other high value-added products. However, the main purpose of the patent is to treat biogas slurry and purify biogas, microalgae is an additional product, and the raw materials for anaerobic fermentation are different.
The household garbage incineration technology has the following defects: firstly, although the existing household garbage incineration technology realizes the reduction treatment and energy utilization of garbage, the problems of secondary pollutant control, such as dioxin, leachate and the like, are inevitably existed; secondly, the household garbage is incinerated without realizing high-value recycling; finally, under the policy background of 'carbon neutralization and carbon peak reaching', the smoke generated in the household garbage incineration process is directly discharged without being treated by a low-carbon and zero-carbon technology.
For a household garbage incineration plant, a large amount of leachate treatment problems exist under the condition that garbage classification is not carried out; after the garbage is classified, the generated dry garbage can generate additional problems due to the rise of the calorific value of the materials entering the furnace, such as: the over-temperature and coking ash accumulation phenomena can occur on the furnace wall due to the higher temperature of the hearth in the operation process of the incinerator, so that the safe operation and the service life of the incinerator are influenced; the temperature of the hearth rises in the running process of the incinerator, so that the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas is increased, and the like.
The wet garbage treatment technology generated after garbage classification mainly comprises composting and wet anaerobic fermentation, and both the two technologies can realize the decomposition of organic matters through the aerobic or anaerobic fermentation process of microorganisms to realize the reduction of wet garbage, but also have the defects of low resource utilization, low economic value of the whole process and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-value recycling treatment process with zero pollution and zero carbon emission for household garbage, namely, dry garbage and wet garbage separated from the household garbage are used for obtaining high value-added products by a specific method, specifically, the dry garbage separated from the household garbage is used as a raw material for pyrolysis gasification, and H in pyrolysis gasification mixed gas is utilized 2 CO and CH 4 Culturing unicellular microorganisms as main raw materials, and realizing high-value resource utilization by producing unicellular protein products; separating CO from marsh gas by using wet garbage separated from domestic garbage as raw material 2 And CO from the dry garbage pyrolysis gasification mixed gas 2 High-value resource utilization is carried out to obtain high-value microalgae, and the resources of the microalgae are realized through microalgae cultureChemical utilization; the full reuse and zero discharge of water are realized by recycling ammonia nitrogen in the biogas slurry and subsequent advanced treatment; and the biogas residues are returned to the pyrolysis gasification system, so that the zero emission of wet garbage is realized. The process can manufacture the household garbage treatment plant into a resource utilization plant with zero pollution, zero carbon emission and high value.
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a high-value recycling treatment process with zero pollution and zero carbon emission for household garbage comprises the following steps:
step 1, classifying domestic garbage to obtain dry garbage and wet garbage;
step 2, the dry garbage enters a pyrolysis gasification system to be subjected to electric pyrolysis gasification treatment to generate mixed gas, slag and a small amount of tar, wherein the main component of the mixed gas is H 2 、CO、CO 2 And CH 4 The mixed gas and a small amount of tar enter a condensation heat exchange system for heat exchange and temperature reduction, so that the small amount of tar is condensed to obtain pure mixed gas, the temperature of the pure mixed gas is reduced to be below 40 ℃, the condensed tar is used as a commercial product, water vapor generated in the condensation heat exchange system is used as a gasifying agent of a pyrolysis gasification system, the slag is used as a raw material for processing chemical products, and the condensation heat exchange system provides required heat for the whole treatment process;
step 3, introducing the pure mixed gas into CO 2 The separation system is used for separating the separated CO 2 Entering a PBR reactor as a carbon source for microalgae growth, and separating residual H 2 CO and CH 4 Feeding the raw materials as main raw materials into an SCBR for microbial culture;
step 4, the wet garbage is crushed and/or extruded and dehydrated by the pretreatment system and then enters an anaerobic system, organic matters are removed by anaerobic fermentation to generate marsh gas and semi-solid organic slurry, and the marsh gas is subjected to marsh gas CO 2 CO separated by the separation system 2 Enters a PBR reactor as a carbon source for microalgae growth, CH 4 Entering an SCBR for the growth, the propagation and the utilization of microorganisms to produce single cell protein; solid-liquid separation is carried out on the semi-solid organic slurry after the treatment of a dewatering systemGenerating biogas residues and biogas slurry, feeding the biogas residues into a pyrolysis gasification system for pyrolysis gasification to realize recycling of biogas residues, removing solid suspended matters from the biogas slurry through a filtration system to generate organic fine residues and low-concentration waste liquid, feeding the organic fine residues into the pyrolysis gasification system for pyrolysis gasification to realize recycling of waste resources, and continuously carrying out ammonia nitrogen, COD and salinity removal treatment on the waste liquid;
step 5, the waste liquid firstly enters an ammonia recovery system to realize the removal and recovery of ammonia nitrogen, the recovered ammonia nitrogen is used for carrying out microorganism culture in an SCBR, and then the waste liquid after ammonia nitrogen recovery enters an advanced treatment system to further remove COD and salinity to generate concentrated water and clear water; the concentrated water enters an evaporation system for evaporation crystallization treatment to generate condensed water and mother liquor, wherein the mother liquor is treated by a salt recovery system to obtain high-purity crystallized salt which is sold for treatment; clear water and condensed water are used as make-up water for the SCBR reactor and the PBR reactor; bacterial liquid discharged by the SCBR every day enters a solid-liquid separation system to be treated to obtain a water phase and thalli (), the water phase reflows to enter the SCBR to be used as a system supplement liquid and an inoculation liquid, the thalli enters a drying system to be treated to obtain a microbial protein product, the protein content of the microbial protein product is more than 40 percent, the microbial protein product is rich in various amino acids and can be sold as a feed protein additive; after the algae water discharged from the PBR reactor is separated by the algae-water separation system, the water phase centrifugate flows back into the PBR reactor to be used as a supplementing liquid and an inoculation liquid, and the microalgae can be directly sold or post-treated to produce products with high added values.
As an improvement, the gasification temperature of the electrothermal electrolytic gasification treatment in the step 2 is not lower than 1000 ℃.
As a refinement, the CO in step 3 2 The separation method of the separation system includes, but is not limited to, absorption, PSA adsorption, cryocondensation, membrane separation.
The improvement is that in the step 4, the solid content of the wet garbage is 15% -30%, and the biogas CO is 2 Separation methods of the separation system include, but are not limited to, absorption, adsorption, cryocondensation, and membrane separation.
As a modification, the filtration method adopted by the filtration system in the step 4 comprises, but is not limited to, membrane filtration and mechanical equipment filtration.
As a modification, the recovery method adopted in the ammonia recovery system in the step 5 comprises but is not limited to stripping and ammonia distillation.
The improvement is that the advanced treatment system in the step 5 adopts one or more of ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis; the evaporation system includes but is not limited to low temperature evaporation, MVR evaporation.
As a modification, the aeration treatment of the SCBR reactor in the step 5 is continuous or intermittent, and the aeration mode includes but is not limited to micropore aeration or jet aeration by using air and/or pure oxygen.
The PBR reactor in the step 5 is operated continuously or in a sequencing batch mode, and the PBR reactor is aerated by a mode including but not limited to micro-hole aeration.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the high-value recycling treatment process with zero pollution and zero carbon emission of household garbage provided by the invention adopts a brand-new household garbage treatment process to separately treat dry garbage and wet garbage, and the dry garbage is converted into synthesis gas (H) by adopting a pyrolysis gasification process 2 、CO、CH 4 And CO 2 ) The wet garbage is converted into marsh gas (CH) by anaerobic fermentation 4 And CO 2 ) And the production technology of the single cell protein and the microalgae is coupled with the pyrolysis gasification, the anaerobic fermentation and the ammonia stripping process, and the pyrolysis gasification gas, the methane and the ammonia nitrogen are recycled, so that on one hand, the high-value utilization of the gas in the garbage treatment process can be realized by producing the microbial protein, and on the other hand, the CO can be realized by the culture and the production of the microalgae 2 The fixation and utilization of the carbon dioxide, and zero carbon emission is realized. Meanwhile, biogas residues generated in the anaerobic fermentation process are sent into a pyrolysis gasifier for continuous resource utilization, and biogas slurry is treated to reach the recycling standard of industrial water in a plant area for recycling in the plant area, so that zero pollution emission is realized. Thereby creating a factory for producing high-value microbial protein and organic carbon with zero pollution and zero carbon emission. The concrete advantages are as follows:
breaks through the conventional treatment process of domestic garbage incineration, couples the SCBR process and the PBR process with the processes of dry garbage pyrolysis and gasification, wet garbage anaerobic fermentation, ammonia recovery, sewage deep treatment and the like, and provides a practical process and a technical route for creating a domestic garbage recycling treatment factory with zero pollution, zero carbon emission and high value.
The dry garbage is pyrolyzed and gasified to produce H-rich garbage 2 、CH 4 CO and CO 2 To CO 2 Carrying out separation; after the gasification temperature is higher than 1000 ℃, H in the synthesis gas is gasified by pyrolysis of the dry garbage 2 、CH 4 The total volume fraction of CO can reach more than 70 percent, and the methane content in the biogas is about 60 to 70 percent. By gasifying synthesis gas (H) by pyrolysis 2 、CO、CH 4 ) And biogas (CH) produced by anaerobic fermentation 4 ) The method is used as a raw material to produce the single-cell protein, can realize the recycling of gas, and can create high income for a domestic garbage treatment plant and realize the high-valued change of the gas by selling the single-cell protein product. The mixed bacteria system which is used for enriching in the microbial single-cell protein production reactor and takes hydrogen hydroxide bacteria, methane oxidizing bacteria, carbon monoxide oxidizing bacteria and the like as dominant bacteria, for example, the hydrogen hydroxide bacteria is characterized in that hydrogen in the pyrolysis gasification mixed gas, carbon dioxide generated by an SCBR reaction system and ammonia nitrogen supplemented to the system are utilized for growth and propagation, and the byproduct is water; the methane-oxidizing bacteria are characterized in that methane in the pyrolysis gasification mixed gas and methane generated by the anaerobic reaction of wet garbage are used as a unique carbon source for growth and propagation, and water and carbon dioxide are generated at the same time; the carbon monoxide oxidizing bacteria are characterized in that carbon monoxide in the pyrolysis gasification mixed gas is used as a unique carbon source for growth and propagation, and carbon dioxide and water are generated at the same time;
in addition, the material proportion of the methane gas in the pyrolysis gasification mixed gas and the biogas is suitable for the growth of the microorganisms of the SCBR mixed bacteria system, and part of HOB can consume the microorganisms such as MOB and COOB to generate carbon dioxide, so that zero carbon emission of the SCBR system can be realized.
The dry garbage pyrolysis gasification synthesis gas and the wet garbage anaerobic fermentation biogas both contain a large amount of CO 2 By separating and capturing CO from these gases 2 The growth rate of microalgae is highHigh carbon fixation efficiency and diversification of microalgae products, and can realize the culture and production of PBR microalgae on the one hand 2 The high-efficiency fixation and utilization of the catalyst can realize zero carbon emission and CO 2 The 'high value' of the method creates benefits for the domestic waste treatment plant.
The recovery and resource utilization of substances are realized by recovering ammonia nitrogen in the biogas slurry as a nitrogen source for single cell protein culture or microalgae culture.
The produced water can be used as the culture and production water of SCBR and PBR and the plant water after reaching the reuse standard by utilizing the advanced wastewater treatment (including but not limited to nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and the like), thereby realizing the full reuse of the wastewater.
Concentrated water generated by waste liquid treatment is treated again by an evaporation process, so that not only can salt be recovered, but also zero discharge of the concentrated water can be realized.
By carrying out pyrolysis gasification treatment on the biogas residues, the treatment and resource utilization of organic wastes can be realized at the same time, and zero emission of the biogas residues is realized.
The pyrolysis gasification gas condensation heat exchange quantity is fully utilized, the self-production and self-use are realized, the treatment of wet garbage COD removal, biogas slurry denitrification, desalination and the like is realized, and the comprehensive utilization rate of energy sources in a plant is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a high-value recycling treatment process with zero pollution and zero carbon emission for household garbage;
FIG. 2 is a material balance diagram of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The following examples are presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Pyrolysis Gasification (Thermal Gasification and Gasification): the method comprises two stages of pyrolysis and gasification, wherein the pyrolysis refers to a process of cracking organic components to remove volatile components and form solid coke residues under the high-temperature reaction condition of no oxygen or oxygen deficiency. Gasification refers to the process of preparing combustible gas by reacting a reaction raw material with a gasification agent under a reducing atmosphere, wherein the gasification agent mainly comprises air, oxygen-enriched gas, water vapor, carbon dioxide and the like. In the actual production process, the pyrolysis reaction and the gasification reaction often coexist.
Anaerobic fermentation (Dry anaerobic digest): generally refers to the anaerobic fermentation technology of organic wastes with solid content of more than 15%.
Single Cell Bioreactor (SCBR): the microbial fermentation system for growth and scale production of unicellular flora by using energetic gaseous substances as a main substrate is characterized in that mixed gas of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and the like is introduced into a reactor, a mixed bacteria system which takes the hydrogen as an electron donor and the methane and the carbon monoxide as energy and carbon sources and is mainly formed by culturing the unicellular mixed bacteria flora and cooperatively grows by various microorganisms is formed, the reactor can quickly utilize the gas-phase substrate and nitrogen in inlet water, and the grown thalli are dried and have the characteristic of protein and can be sold as protein.
Photobioreactor (Photo Bioreactor, PBR): refers to a device which can be used for culturing photosynthetic microorganisms and tissues or cells with photosynthetic capacity and is used for microalgae growth culture and large-scale production.
Examples
The treatment is carried out by adopting the flow schematic diagram shown in fig. 1, equipment used in the treatment is all commercially available products, the connection mode of each system in the process is a conventional construction mode in the mechanical field, and the treatment process can be normally operated after construction.
The embodiment is a household garbage treatment plant with the scale of 1000t/d, and the household garbage is classified to obtain dry garbage and wet garbage, and the specific implementation mode is as follows:
the separated dry garbage enters an electrothermal pyrolysis gasification furnace for pyrolysis gasification
The classified dry garbage is input into a pyrolysis gasification system (a pyrolysis gasifier is adopted in the embodiment) for pyrolysis gasification, and the material sources participating in the reaction comprise dry garbage (380-400 t/d) in the household garbage, biogas residues and fine residues (260-270 t/d) generated by a wet garbage anaerobic unit and a small amount of gasification agent. Pyrolyzable gasification substances such as paper, rubber and plastic, textile, wood and bamboo, biogas residues and fine residues in the dry garbage are cracked at high temperature to generate synthesis gas rich in hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other gases, thereby providing an energy source for the subsequent biological process.
The temperature of the pyrolysis gasifier is controlled at 1000 ℃, slag separation and oil-gas separation are carried out after full reaction, and 140-150 t/d slag, a small amount of tar and a large amount of mixed gas are obtained. The partial mixed gas contains 280-290 t/d carbon dioxide, more than 40t hydrogen, about 50t methane and 120-130t carbon monoxide gas through calculation.
The mixed gas and a small amount of tar enter a condensation heat exchange system for heat exchange and temperature reduction, so that the small amount of tar is condensed to obtain pure mixed gas, the temperature of the pure mixed gas is reduced to be below 40 ℃, the tar is used as a commercial product, and water vapor generated in the heat exchange and temperature reduction treatment is used as a gasifying agent in a pyrolysis gasification system; the slag is used as a raw material for processing chemical products.
Introducing the pure mixed gas into CO 2 Separation system for CO 2 Separation of CO used 2 The separation system adopts a pressure swing adsorption method to separate carbon dioxide in the mixed gas, the separated carbon dioxide is introduced into the PBR reactor to carry out microalgae culture, wherein the carbon dioxide is used as a carbon source for the growth of the microalgae and is utilized by the photosynthesis of the microalgae. And introducing the residual gas (mainly comprising hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide) after separation into an SCBR (secondary batch reactor) for microbial culture, thereby providing energy for microbial growth.
The separated wet garbage (about 610-620 t/d) firstly enters a pretreatment system, the pretreatment process in the embodiment is mainly crushing treatment, the solid content of the wet garbage is 25% -30%, the wet garbage enters an anaerobic system for anaerobic reaction, and the wet garbage has the advantages of small yield of biogas residues and biogas slurry, high load and the like. In this case, the anaerobic system is an anaerobic reactor, wherein the temperature of the anaerobic reactor is controlled to be 50-55 ℃, the wet garbage is fully fermented to generate about 60t of methane and semi-solid organic slurry, and the methane is then fed into the methane CO 2 CO separation in a separation system (using pressure swing adsorption) 2 Separating, separated 30t CO 2 Introducing into PBR reactor as carbon source for microalgae growth, 20-30t of CH 4 Entering an SCBR for the growth, the propagation and the utilization of microorganismsProducing single cell protein, carrying out solid-liquid separation on semisolid organic slurry after treatment by a dewatering system to generate biogas residue and biogas slurry, allowing the biogas residue to enter a pyrolysis gasification system for pyrolysis gasification to realize recycling of biogas residue resources, removing solid suspended matters from the biogas slurry by a filtering system to generate organic fine residue and low-concentration waste liquid, carrying out dewatering and ultrafiltration to generate 260-270-t/d and 280-290-t/d of biogas slurry, allowing the organic fine residue to enter a pyrolysis gasification system for pyrolysis gasification to realize recycling of waste resources, and continuously carrying out ammonia nitrogen, COD and salinity removal treatment on the waste liquid.
3) The waste liquid enters an ammonia recovery system for ammonia nitrogen recovery, the system selects a stripping mode, the stripping temperature is selected to be 40 ℃, and the stripping efficiency is about 85%. The waste liquid contains ammonia nitrogen 2800 mg/L, and the treated waste liquid can obtain ammonia gas about 0.6-0.7 t/d. The waste liquid after ammonia nitrogen recovery enters an advanced treatment system (membrane system) for advanced treatment, COD and salt are further removed to generate concentrated water and clear water, the concentrated water is subjected to evaporation and crystallization treatment by an evaporation system and a salt recovery system (in the embodiment, a low-temperature dew-point evaporation tower and a crystallization reactor are adopted) to obtain condensed water and 5-6t/d of crystallized salt. The crystalline salt can be sold as a snow melt or other industrial salt. Wherein, the condensed water and the clean water meet the water quality standard of the make-up water of an open type circulating cooling water system in the water quality of the industrial water for recycling the urban sewage (GB/T19923-2005) and are used for the make-up water of the industrial water of the plant area and the make-up water of the SCBR reactor and the PBR reactor. The advanced treatment system adopts the combination of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, namely, the water produced by the first unit in the advanced treatment system is used as the water fed by the next unit.
The method is characterized in that the SCBR (fully mixed reactor is adopted for processing), autotrophic oxidizing bacteria mixed bacteria are arranged in the SCBR, and a substrate is subjected to directional culture to form a multi-bacteria symbiotic system taking hydrogen oxidizing bacteria HOB, methane oxidizing bacteria MOB and carbon monoxide oxidizing bacteria COOB as dominant flora. Mixed gas (including H) generated by pre-unit 2 /CH 4 /CO/CO 2 Etc.) adopts a bubble-free film aeration mode by utilizing an aerator so as to ensure that the gas is fully and efficiently utilized. The above reactor needs oxygen as electron acceptor, in this example, the SCBR reactor adopts micropore aeration modeThe reactor is aerated, on one hand, oxygen is conveyed for the system, and on the other hand, the bubble-free aeration membrane can be washed to enable the biological membrane to fall off. Appropriate amount of ammonia nitrogen needs to be supplemented in the process, the ammonia nitrogen recovered in the ammonia recovery system can be directly introduced into the SCBR reactor for absorption and utilization, and the rest ammonia nitrogen can be supplemented in an ammonium salt form (14-18 t/d), so that the nitrogen load of the SCBR reactor is not lower than 1.2 kg/m for transportation d. The SCBR needs to supplement substrates such as phosphate and trace elements (140-150 t/d) on a substrate, wherein ammonium salt form supplement and phosphate and other substrates and trace elements supplement are carried out through a supplement tank.
The water discharged from the SCBR is a mud-water mixture, the mud-water mixture enters a solid-liquid separation system (the separation mode includes but is not limited to centrifugation, extrusion dehydration or filtration) and is subjected to rotary extrusion dehydration to separate solid and liquid, the water phase flows back to the reactor (21700-21750 t/d), and the solid phase (thallus) enters a drying system and is dried to form a microbial protein product, wherein the yield of the single-cell protein in the embodiment can reach 140-150 t/d. The product has protein content higher than 40%, is rich in various amino acids, and can be used as feed protein additive for sale treatment.
The PBR reactor (a sequencing batch raceway reactor) was equipped with an LED light source as a solar supplement. The algae species cultured in the BPR reactor in this example were primarily chlorella. And carrying out solid-liquid separation on the enriched microalgae liquid through an algae-water separation system (membrane separation unit), and refluxing the separated liquid to the front end of the PBR reactor for culturing the microalgae of the next batch. In the culture process in the PBR reactor, a proper amount of ammonia nitrogen (1-2 t/d) is required to be supplemented through a supplement tank, and substrates such as ammonium salt, phosphate and the like and trace elements (12-15 t/d) are required to be supplemented in a matrix. And drying the solid-phase microalgae separated by the membrane to form an algae powder product for sale. In the embodiment, the yield of the microalgae powder can reach 110-120t/d, and the microalgae powder can be sold as a feed additive.
Claims (9)
1. A high-value recycling treatment process with zero pollution and zero carbon emission for household garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, classifying domestic garbage to obtain dry garbage and wet garbage;
step 2, the dry garbage enters a pyrolysis gasification system to be subjected to electric pyrolysis gasification treatment to generate mixed gas, slag and a small amount of tar, wherein the main component of the mixed gas is H 2 、CO、CO 2 And CH 4 The mixed gas and a small amount of tar enter a condensation heat exchange system for heat exchange and temperature reduction, so that the small amount of tar is condensed to obtain pure mixed gas, the temperature of the pure mixed gas is reduced to be below 40 ℃, the condensed tar is used as a commercial product, water vapor generated in the condensation heat exchange system is used as a gasifying agent of a pyrolysis gasification system, and the slag is used as a raw material for processing chemical products;
step 3, introducing the pure mixed gas into CO 2 The separation system is used for separating the separated CO 2 Entering a PBR reactor as a carbon source for microalgae growth, and separating residual H 2 CO and CH 4 Feeding the raw materials as main raw materials into an SCBR for microbial culture;
step 4, the wet garbage is crushed by the pretreatment system, extruded and dehydrated, enters an anaerobic system, is subjected to anaerobic fermentation to remove organic matters to generate methane and semi-solid organic slurry, and the methane is subjected to CO 2 CO separated by the separation system 2 Enters a PBR reactor as a carbon source for microalgae growth, CH 4 Entering an SCBR for the growth, the propagation and the utilization of microorganisms to produce single cell protein; after the semi-solid organic slurry is treated by a dewatering system, solid-liquid separation is carried out to generate biogas residues and biogas slurry, the biogas residues enter a pyrolysis gasification system for pyrolysis gasification to realize recycling of biogas residues, solid suspended matters in the biogas slurry are removed by a filtering system to generate organic fine residues and low-concentration waste liquid, the organic fine residues enter the pyrolysis gasification system for pyrolysis gasification to realize recycling of waste resources, and the waste liquid is continuously subjected to ammonia nitrogen, COD (chemical oxygen demand) and salinity removal treatment;
step 5, the waste liquid firstly enters an ammonia recovery system to realize the removal and recovery of ammonia nitrogen, the recovered ammonia nitrogen is used for carrying out microorganism culture in an SCBR, and then the waste liquid after the recovery of the ammonia nitrogen enters an advanced treatment system to further remove COD and salt to generate concentrated water and clear water; the concentrated water enters an evaporation system for evaporation crystallization treatment to generate condensed water and mother liquor, wherein the mother liquor is treated by a salt recovery system to obtain high-purity crystallized salt which is sold for treatment; clear water and condensed water are used as make-up water for the SCBR reactor and the PBR reactor; the bacterial liquid discharged by the SCBR every day enters a solid-liquid separation system to be treated to obtain a water phase and thalli, the water phase reflows to enter the SCBR to be used as a system supplement liquid and an inoculation liquid, and the thalli enters a drying system to be treated to obtain a microbial protein product which can be used as a feed protein additive for sale; after the algae water discharged from the PBR reactor is separated by the algae-water separation system, the water phase centrifugate flows back into the PBR reactor to be used as a supplementing liquid and an inoculation liquid, and the microalgae can be directly sold or post-treated to produce products with high added values.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the gasification temperature of the electrothermal decomposition gasification treatment in step 2 is not lower than 1000 ℃.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the CO is recycled in step 3 2 The separation method of the separation system includes, but is not limited to, absorption, PSA adsorption, cryocondensation, membrane separation.
4. The zero-pollution zero-carbon-emission high-value recycling treatment process for household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the solid content of the wet garbage in the step 4 is 15% -30%, and the biogas CO is generated 2 The separation method of the separation system includes, but is not limited to, absorption, adsorption, cryocondensation, and membrane separation.
5. The process for treating household garbage as high-value resource with zero pollution and zero carbon emission as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filtration method adopted by the filtration system in the step 4 includes but is not limited to membrane filtration and mechanical equipment filtration.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein the ammonia recovery system in step 5 comprises but is not limited to stripping and ammonia distillation.
7. The zero-pollution zero-carbon-emission high-value recycling treatment process for household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the advanced treatment system in the step 5 adopts one or more of ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis; the evaporation system (17) includes but is not limited to low temperature evaporation, MVR evaporation.
8. The zero-pollution and zero-carbon-emission high-value resource treatment process for household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the aeration treatment of the SCBR in the step 5 is continuous or intermittent, and the aeration form comprises but is not limited to micropore aeration or jet aeration by using air and/or pure oxygen.
9. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PBR reactor in step 5 is operated continuously or sequentially, and the PBR reactor is aerated, including but not limited to microporous aeration.
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