CN115916568A - 用于控制机动车用混合动力系的方法 - Google Patents

用于控制机动车用混合动力系的方法 Download PDF

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CN115916568A
CN115916568A CN202180043381.XA CN202180043381A CN115916568A CN 115916568 A CN115916568 A CN 115916568A CN 202180043381 A CN202180043381 A CN 202180043381A CN 115916568 A CN115916568 A CN 115916568A
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gear
mode
torque
hybrid transmission
limit
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J·泽比格
N·托纽斯
P·弗里茨曼
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Mercedes Benz Group AG
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于控制机动车用混合动力系(10)的方法,其中,混合动力系(10)包括内燃发动机(12)、电机(14)、混合变速器(16)和驱动轮,其中,混合变速器(16)具有若干换挡单元(S1;S2;S3;S4),借助于这些换挡单元能出现至少第一变速挡(G1c)、第二变速挡(G2)和第三变速挡(G4),其中,从第一变速挡(G1c)经第二变速挡(G2)到第三变速挡(G3)地在内燃发动机(12)的曲轴和混合变速器的输出轴(AW)之间的传动比连续减小,其中,当按照内燃发动机(12)和电机(14)都将用于驱动该驱动轮的驱动力矩传入混合变速器的方式运行时,在第一模式中设定用于第三变速挡(G3)的第三极限力矩(G3R),在第二模式中设定用于第二变速挡(G2)的第二极限力矩(G2H),其中,第一模式的最大第三极限力矩(G3Rm)大于第二模式的最大第二极限力矩(G2Hm)。

Description

用于控制机动车用混合动力系的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的用于控制机动车用混合动力系的方法。
背景技术
DE 35 34 971 A1描述一种变速器换挡方法,变速器是传统动力系的一部分,其中,设置不同的换挡模式,在这里,在许多换挡模式中在换挡过程中有时越过一些挡位。
DE 10 2013 005 252 A1描述一种变速器换挡方法,变速器是混合动力系的一部分,其中,一方面对于纯电驱动而设定用于换挡过程极限力矩(或极限功率)的一条特性曲线,并且另一方面对于纯内燃发动机驱动设定用于换挡过程极限力矩(或极限功率)的另一特性曲线。
DE 10 2017 006 082 A1公开一种具有行星齿轮传动机构的混合动力系,其中,电机和内燃发动机被接合至行星齿轮传动机构的两个不同轴,从而可以实现混合动力系的功率分流操作。
DE 10 2009 021 456 A1已经公开一种用于控制混合动力系的方法。在此,借助所谓的增力运行、即借助电机来辅助提供驱动力矩例如在车辆猛然加速状况下避免降挡。
发明内容
本发明的任务是如下改善这种方法,即,增强换挡舒适性以及行驶舒适性。
该任务通过一种根据权利要求1的用于控制混合动力系的方法。在从属权利要求中描述本发明的有利设计。
本发明源于一种用于控制机动车用混合动力系的方法,其中,该混合动力系包括内燃发动机、电机、混合变速器和驱动轮,其中,该混合变速器具有换挡单元,借此能出现至少第一变速挡、第二变速挡和第三变速挡,其中,从第一变速挡经由第二变速挡至第三变速挡地在内燃发动机的曲轴与混合变速器的输出轴之间的传动比连续降低。
在此,该变速挡是如下变速挡,此时内燃发动机和电机都借助混合变速器以传递扭矩的方式接合至输出轴和进而接合至驱动轮。驱动轮在此按照已知方式通过桥轴减速器/主减速器接合至混合变速器。
但在这种变速挡或混合变速器中内燃发动机和电机不一定将其各自扭矩通过相同的输入轴传入混合变速器。相反,该方法在内燃发动机和电机将其各自扭矩通过不同的输入轴传入混合变速器时是特别有利的。
根据本发明,在“内燃发动机和电机都将用于驱动该驱动轮的驱动力矩传入混合变速器”的运行中,在第一模式中设定用于第三变速挡的第三极限力矩,并且在第二模式中设定用于第二变速挡的第二极限力矩,其中,第一模式的最大第三极限力矩大于第二模式的最大第二极限力矩。
为了执行用于控制混合动力系的方法,使用控制装置、即控制设备或相互通信的控制设备的组合体,就像本身在机动车用动力系中已知的那样。该控制装置在此具备中央计算和存储单元和多个连接至中央计算和存储单元的传感器和致动器。传感器和致动器尤其是内燃发动机的和混合变速器的传感器和致动器。但所述传感器和致动器也包括其它车辆传感器和车辆致动器,其状态参数被用于各种形式的混合动力系控制。
极限力矩如本身在现有技术中已知地是指在某个变速挡中可能出现的力矩上限值。如果在某个变速挡中存在高于在该挡中的极限力矩的力矩需求信号,则通常进行降挡,因为在更低变速挡下、即在具有较高传动比的挡下可获得更高的驱动轮力矩。极限力矩在现有技术的方法中例如作为特性曲线被确定,在这里,对于某个变速挡依据驱动轮的转数或依据车速来确定极限力矩。
在本发明中,所述极限力矩或极限力矩特性曲线可以被直接确定。但所述极限力矩或极限力矩特性曲线也可以被间接确定,即,通过确定与极限力矩物理关联的其它参数。
有利地,该极限力矩是极限驱动轮力矩。驱动轮力矩是存在于驱动轮上的总驱动力矩。
通常,较低变速挡的极限力矩特性曲线高于较高变速挡的极限力矩特性曲线,其中,较低变速挡是指具有在曲轴与驱动轮之间的较高传动比的挡。但在此有利的是,在某个变速挡例如像第三变速挡下在第一模式中允许比在现有技术方法中明显更高的极限力矩,从而在本发明所述的第一模式中用于第三变速挡的极限力矩并非仅高于正常水平,而是至少第一模式的最大第三极限力矩大于第二模式的最大第二极限力矩。
通过这种方式,可以在第一模式中在比正常水平更大的力矩范围内使用某个变速挡、尤其是第三变速挡,为此越过其它某些变速挡、尤其是第二变速挡。行车舒适性可被由此提升,从而在第一模式中进行比在第二模式中更少的换挡过程。
各自模式/特定模式的最大第三极限力矩是指在各自模式中用于第三变速挡的极限力矩特性曲线的最大值。各自模式的最大第二极限力矩是指在各自模式中用于第二变速挡的极限力矩特性曲线的最大值。
各自模式是指用于混合动力系的工作方式。第一模式和第二模式的主要区别是,在第一模式中,至少其中一个极限力矩特性曲线、例如第三变速挡的极限力矩特性曲线、进而第三极限力矩特性曲线具有明显不同于在传统方法中的或在用于各自挡例如第三变速挡的其它模式中的值。在本发明中,在第一模式中的第三极限力矩特性曲线具有不同于在第二模式中的第三极限力矩特性曲线的值、特别是更大的值。第一模式中的第三变速挡的极限力矩特性曲线相比于第二模式的升高尤其有利地达成如下程度,即,第一模式中的整条第三极限力矩特性曲线高于第二变速挡的极限力矩特性曲线,进而高于第二模式中的第二极限力矩特性曲线。
极限力矩特性曲线对于某个挡和某个模式是指极限力矩的或极限扭矩的特性曲线,其中,该极限力矩依据驱动轴的所属转速或依据车速被存储。该极限力矩是在各自转速或各自车速下在必须换挡至更低变速挡之前可能出现的最大扭矩。即,在变速挡和某个模式下,依据转速或车速出现不同的极限力矩。
有利地,第一模式和第二模式分别是连续模式,它们可借助例如可被车辆司机直接或间接操作的人工输入装置来调设,或者可以依据混合动力系的参数而自动出现。“连续”是指第一模式或第二模式在被人工结束之前至少起效数分钟。
更尤其有利地且作为上述可能的连续模式的替代,各自模式自动依据行车状况来出现。在此情况下有利的是,各自模式依据油门踏板位置的时间曲线和/或依据车速时间曲线来出现。为此,例如使用油门踏板传感器的和/或轮转速传感器的信号。
此时特别有利的是,第一模式被用在所谓的牵引降挡中,第二模式被用在牵引升挡中。
牵引降挡有利地在通过油门踏板请求驱动功率增大但车速未提高时被触发。于是,例如当在时间间隔内抬高油门踏板位置(进而驱动功率要求增大)、但车速保持不变或减小或仅略增大时,牵引降挡被触发。
第一模式有利地至少在这种牵引降挡中被应用,此时先在该时间间隔内抬高油门踏板位置,而车速保持基本不变。
牵引升挡有利地在通过油门踏板请求保持不变的或近似保持不变的驱动功率、但提高车速时被启动。至少当油门踏板位置在时间间隔内基本保持不变、但车速增大时,牵引升挡被启动。
因此,第一模式与第二模式之间的切换有利地依据油门踏板的信号变化来进行。此时尤其有利的是,在探测油门踏板位置抬高、但车速保持不变或减小或仅略增大时出现第一模式,在这里,在探测保持不变的油门踏板位置、但车速增大时出现第二模式。所述探测此时在各自时间间隔内进行。
牵引降挡是指在内燃发动机力矩和电机力矩两者都为正的情况下从具有较低传动比的变速挡自动换挡至具有较高传动比的变速挡。内燃发动机力矩和电机力矩是驱动力矩。
牵引升挡是指在内燃发动机力矩和电机力矩两者都为正的情况下从具有较高传动比的变速挡自动换挡至具有较低传动比的变速挡。
有利地,在牵引降挡时第一模式的当前挡的极限力矩特性曲线至关重要。有利地,在牵引升挡时第二模式的下一较高挡的极限力矩特性曲线至关重要。
有利地,第一变速挡、第二变速挡和第三变速挡是在第二模式中可调的相邻变速挡,因此至少在第二模式中不会出现传动比在第一和第二变速挡的传动比之间或在第二和第三变速挡的传动比之间的变速挡。
第一变速挡不一定是起步挡。第一变速挡仅是三个所涉及的变速挡中的具有最大传动比的变速挡。
在本发明的一个改进方案中规定,在第二模式中设定用于第一变速挡的第一极限力矩,并且第一模式的最大第三极限力矩大于第二模式的最大第一极限力矩。特别有利的是,在第一模式中的整条第三极限力矩特性曲线高于在第二模式中的第一变速挡的第一极限力矩特性曲线。
本发明的另一个改进方案规定,第一模式的第三极限力矩在50km/h到80km/h之间的车速范围内依据车速而改变至少10%。因而在第一模式,第三极限力矩特性曲线有利地具有比在传统参数设定时更大的最大第三极限力矩与最小第三极限力矩之差。
本发明的另一个改进方案规定,在第二模式中在牵引升挡时从第一变速挡起首先挂入第二变速挡且随后挂入第三变速挡,在第一模式中在牵引降挡时从第三变速挡起越过第二变速挡。在此设计中,第一模式尤其在识别出牵引降挡时出现,而第二模式尤其在识别出牵引升挡时出现。
在本发明的另一改进方案中规定,在第一模式中在升挡和降挡时总是越过第二变速挡,其中,在第二模式中在升挡和降挡时总是使用第二变速挡。
在本发明的另一改进方案中规定,该混合变速器具有行星齿轮传动机构,并且该扭矩从内燃发动机经由第一输入轴被传入该行星齿轮传动机构并且扭矩从电机经由第二输入轴被传入该行星齿轮传动机构,其中,通过输出轴从混合变速器输出扭矩。
当两台驱动机器、即内燃发动机和电机按上述方式功率分流地接合至混合变速器时,在第一模式中的第三极限力矩特性曲线的升高发挥很有利的作用,因为在此情况下可以很有利地利用电机力矩储备。
附图说明
其它的特征和优点来自以下附图说明。在图中示出了本发明的实施例,其中:
图1示出适于执行本发明方法的混合动力系,
图2示出用于本发明方法的牵引升挡极限力矩的曲线,
图3示出用于本发明方法的牵引降挡极限力矩的曲线。
具体实施方式
图1示意性示出机动车用混合动力系1O。混合动力系10在此具有内燃发动机12、电机14、混合变速器16和未示出的驱动轮。
混合变速器16具有示意所示的行星齿轮传动机构18。行星齿轮传动机构18具有第一输入轴EW1,其接合或可接合至未被进一步示出的内燃发动机曲轴。行星齿轮传动机构具有第二输入轴EW2,其接合或可接合至电机的转子24。转子24相对于电机14的定子26同轴布置。行星齿轮传动机构18借助第一子变速器输入轴TW1接合至混合变速器16的第一子变速器20。行星齿轮传动机构18借助第二子变速器输入轴TW2接合至混合变速器的第二子变速器22。
第一子变速器20具有两个圆柱齿轮副,其中,其中的第一圆柱齿轮副形成第一齿轮平面Z1,第二圆柱齿轮副形成第二齿平轮面Z2。
第二子变速器22具有另外两个圆柱齿轮副,其中,其中的第三圆柱齿轮副形成第三齿轮平面Z3,第四圆柱齿轮副形成第四齿轮平面Z4。
所有四个圆柱齿轮副或齿轮平面Z1-Z4有利地借助换挡件可换挡,其中,第一换挡件S1对应于第一齿轮平面Z1,第二换挡件S2对应于第二齿轮平面Z2,第三换挡件S3对应于第三齿轮平面Z3,第四换挡件S4对应于第四齿轮平面Z4。还特别有利的是行星齿轮传动机构18借助未示出的其它换挡件可换挡。借助这四个换挡件S1-S4以及其它换挡件,有利地可以出现7个不同的变速挡,即,两个超低挡G1和G1a、一个低挡G1b、第一挡G1c、第二挡G2、第三挡G3和第四挡G4,其中,在内燃发动机曲轴和输出轴之间的传动比在这些挡位中按照所述顺序连续减小。
共用于这两个子变速器20、22的输出轴AW接合或可接合至该驱动轮。
以下还将描述的本发明方法不仅可用在如图1所示的混合动力系10。重要的是,内燃发动机12和电机都如此接合至混合变速器如混合变速器16,即,扭矩从内燃发动机12和电机14起可被传入混合变速器。还重要的是,该混合变速器具有能切换至少三个变速挡G1、G2、G3的至少三个换挡单元例如像换挡单元S1、S2、S3。
图2示出在混合动力系1O的混合变速器16中的用于第二模式的所谓牵引力特性曲线图30。关于该曲线图的竖轴绘制出轮力矩M,关于横轴绘制出车速v。车速v是在混合动力系10中被纳入考虑的参数。车速v例如从驱动轮的测量轮转数中计算。
在图2中画出在第二模式中用于第二变速挡G2的第二极限力矩G2H的曲线。第二模式中的第二极限力矩G2H取决于车速v。第二极限力矩G2H的曲线具有第二模式中的最大第二极限力矩G2Hm。
图2还示出第一极限力矩G1cH、第三极限力矩G3H和第四极限力矩G4H连同各自对应的最大极限力矩G1cHm、H3Hm、G4Hm,其全都处于第二模式。
图2还示出用于超低变速挡G1的超低极限力矩G1H、G1aH连同对应的超低最大极限力矩G1Hm和用于低变速挡G1b的低极限力矩G1bH连同所属的低最大极限力矩G1bHHm。
图3示出在混合动力系10的混合变速器16中的用于第一模式的牵引力特性曲线图32。关于曲线图的竖轴又绘制轮力矩M,关于横轴绘制车速v。
图3中画出在第一模式中用于第四变速挡G4的第四极限力矩G4R的曲线。
另外,画出在第一模式中用于第三变速挡G3的第三极限力矩G3R的曲线和用于低极限力矩G1bR的曲线。
三条所示曲线分别具有最大值,即,最大第四极限力矩G4Rm、最大第三极限力矩G3Rm和最大低极限力矩G1bRm。
第一模式的最大第四极限力矩G4Rm大于第二模式的最大第三极限力矩G3Hm。
第一模式的最大第三极限力矩(G3Rm)大于第二模式的最大第二极限力矩G2Hm。
特别有利地,在此实施例中,第一模式的最大第三极限力矩G3Rm也大于第二模式的最大第一极限力矩G1cHm。
有利地,在本发明的方法中以所示的方式在第二模式中利用比在第一模式中明显更多的现有的变速挡G1、G1a、G1b、G1c、G2、G3、G4。在第一模式中,有利地越过变速挡G2、G1c、G1a。在第一模式中得到与用到较少挡的且分别有高扭矩可用的纯电驱动类似的换挡行为。在第二模式中得到类似于传统内燃发动机驱动车辆的换挡行为,此时利用四个挡并且分别有有限扭矩提供可用或可供使用。
附图标记列表
10           混合动力系
12           内燃发动机
14           电机
16           混合变速器
18           行星齿轮传动机构
20           第一子变速器
22           第二子变速器
24           转子
26           定子
30           用于牵引升挡的牵引力特性曲线图
32           用于牵引降挡的牵引力特性曲线图
AW           输出轴
EW1          第一输入轴
EW2          第二输入轴
G1,G1a       超低变速挡
G1b          低变速挡
G1c          第一变速挡
G2           第二变速挡
G3           第三变速挡
G4           第四变速挡
G1H,GlaH     第二模式中的超低变速挡的极限力矩
GlbH         第二模式中的低变速挡的极限力矩
GlcH         第二模式中的第一极限力矩
G2H          第二模式中的第二极限力矩
G3H          第二模式中的第三极限力矩
G4H          第二模式中的第四极限力矩
G1Hm         第二模式中的超低最大极限力矩
G1bHm        第二模式中的低最大极限力矩
G1cHm        第二模式中的第一最大极限力矩
G2Hm         第二模式中的第二最大极限力矩
G3Hm         第二模式中的第三最大极限力矩
G1bR         第一模式中的低变速挡的极限力矩
G3R          第一模式中的第三极限力矩
G4R          第一模式中的第四极限力矩
G1bRm        第一模式中的低变速挡的最大极限力矩
G3Rm         第一模式中的第三最大极限力矩
G4Rm         第一模式中的第四最大极限力矩
TW1          第一子变速器输入轴
TW2          第二子变速器输入轴

Claims (7)

1.一种用于控制机动车用混合动力系(10)的方法,其中,该混合动力系(10)包括内燃发动机(12)、电机(14)、混合变速器(16)和驱动轮,其中,该混合变速器(16)具有若干换挡单元(S1;S2;S3;S4),借助于这些换挡单元能出现至少第一变速挡(G1c)、第二变速挡(G2)和第三变速挡(G3),其中,从该第一变速挡(G1c)经该第二变速挡(G2)到该第三变速挡(G3)地在该内燃发动机(12)的曲轴和该混合变速器的输出轴(AW)之间的传动比连续减小,其中,在该第一变速挡(G1c)、该第二变速挡(G2)以及该第三变速挡(G3)三者的情况下,两台驱动机器、即该内燃发动机(12)和该电机(14)两者都借助该混合变速器(16)按传递转矩的方式接合至该驱动轮,
其特征是,
当按照该内燃发动机(12)和该电机(14)都将用于驱动该驱动轮的驱动力矩传入该混合变速器的方式运行时,在该第一模式中设定用于该第三变速挡(G3)的第三极限力矩(G3R),并且在该第二模式中设定用于该第二变速挡(G2)的第二极限力矩(G2H),其中,该第一模式的最大第三极限力矩(G3Rm)大于该第二模式的最大第二极限力矩(G2Hm)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,在该第二模式中设定用于该第一变速挡(G1c)的第一极限力矩(G1cH),并且该第一模式的最大第三极限力矩(G3Rm)大于该第二模式的最大第一极限力矩(G1cHm)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征是,该第一模式的第三极限力矩(G3R)在50km/h到80km/h之间的车速(v)范围内以至少15%变化,其中,该第二模式的第二极限力矩(G2H)在50km/h到80km/h之间的车速(v)范围内以小于5%的幅度变化。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征是,在该第二模式中在牵引升挡中从该第一变速挡(G1c)起首先挂入该第二变速挡(G2)且接着挂入该第三变速挡(G3),并且在该第一模式中在牵引降挡中从该第三变速挡(G3)起越过该第二变速挡(G2)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征是,在牵引升挡时使用该第二变速挡(G2),并且在牵引降挡时总是越过该第二变速挡(G2)。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征是,在该第一模式和该第二模式之间的切换是依据选择开关的位置或是依据油门踏板的信号变化来达成的。
7.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征是,该混合变速器(16)具有包括第一输入轴(EW1)和第二输入轴(EW2)的行星齿轮传动机构(18),其中,该内燃发动机(12)的曲轴按下述方式接合或可接合至该第一输入轴(EW1),即,扭矩能够从该内燃发动机起通过该第一输入轴(EW1)被传入该混合变速器(16),其中,该电机(14)的转子(24)按下述方式接合或可接合至该第二输入轴(EW2),即,扭矩能够从该转子(24)起经由该第二输入轴(EW2)被传入该混合变速器(16),其中,在功率分流过程中扭矩从该内燃发动机(12)起经由该第一输入轴(EW1)被传入该混合变速器(16),并且扭矩从该电机(14)起经由该第二输入轴(EW2)被传入该混合变速器(16),其中,扭矩通过该输出轴(AW)从该混合变速器(16)被输出。
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