CN115910415A - Tritiated metal battery with long service life - Google Patents
Tritiated metal battery with long service life Download PDFInfo
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- CN115910415A CN115910415A CN202211385945.0A CN202211385945A CN115910415A CN 115910415 A CN115910415 A CN 115910415A CN 202211385945 A CN202211385945 A CN 202211385945A CN 115910415 A CN115910415 A CN 115910415A
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- 230000002463 transducing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 238000005533 tritiation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nobelium Chemical compound [No] ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
Abstract
The present application relates to a long-life tritiated metal battery. The tritiated metal battery is provided with the ray transmission piece between the radioactive source and the energy conversion device, the radioactive source is a tritiated metal radioactive source, and the ray transmission piece is provided with the through hole, so that rays generated by the radioactive source reach the energy conversion device through the through hole formed in the ray transmission piece, and the energy conversion device converts received rays into electric energy. Because the radioactive source utilizes rays generated by the decay of the tritium element, and the decay period of the tritium element is longer, the long-term energy supply of the tritiated metal battery can be realized. In addition, the through hole formed in the ray penetrating piece can control part of rays generated by the radioactive source to reach the energy conversion device, so that damage of the rays generated by the radioactive source to the energy conversion device is reduced, and the service life of the tritiated metal battery is further prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of battery energy, in particular to a tritiated metal battery with long service life.
Background
In recent years, the development of micro-electromechanical devices in micro-electromechanical systems has been rapidly increased, but the further development of micro-electromechanical systems has been limited by the lack of micro-power supplies. The requirements for a micro power supply generally include miniaturization, integration, long working time, low power supply and strong adaptability by combining the characteristics of micro-electromechanical equipment. The traditional micro power supply mainly comprises a micro fuel cell, a micro chemical cell, a micro solar cell, a micro internal combustion engine and the like, but the service life of the cells is short, and the output performance is unstable, wherein the micro solar cell needs to depend on external sunlight.
Aiming at the problem, the radiation volt effect nuclear battery is provided, the principle of the battery is that ray energy is directly converted into electric energy, and the battery has the characteristics of strong thermal stability and high thermal conductivity. However, since the radiant volt-effect nuclear battery requires long-term irradiation of rays, the radiant volt-effect nuclear battery has a problem that the performance of a semiconductor material is degraded under long-term irradiation of rays, and the service life of the radiant volt-effect nuclear battery is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a tritiated metal battery with long service life to solve the problem that the photovoltaic nuclear battery degrades in performance of semiconductor materials under long-term radiation irradiation, which leads to the reduction in service life of photovoltaic isotope battery.
A tritiated metal battery with long service life comprises a radiation source, a ray transmission piece, an energy conversion device and an electric energy output end, wherein the radiation source, the ray transmission piece and the energy conversion device are arranged in a stacked mode; the ray generated by the radioactive source reaches the energy conversion device through the through hole formed in the ray transmission piece, and the energy conversion device is used for converting the received ray into electric energy.
In one embodiment, the long-life tritiated metal battery further includes a passivation layer disposed on a side of the transducer device proximate the radiolucent member.
In one embodiment, the long-life tritiated metal battery further includes a housing, and the radiation source, the radiolucent member, and the transducer member are disposed within the housing.
In one embodiment, a cavity is formed between the radiation source, the ray transmission piece and the energy conversion device of the tritiated metal battery with long service life and the shell, and inert gas is filled in the cavity.
In one embodiment, a long-life tritiated metal battery radiation source includes a substrate and a thin film; the substrate and the film are arranged in a laminated mode, and the film is arranged on one side, close to the ray transmission piece, of the substrate; or, the film is disposed to wrap the substrate.
In one embodiment, the substrate is a metal substrate.
In one embodiment, the thin film is a tritiated thin film.
In one embodiment, the radiation source is spaced from the radiolucent member.
In one embodiment, the radiolucent member is provided with evenly distributed through holes.
In one embodiment, the transducer device is a single crystal silicon transducer device.
Above-mentioned long service life's tritiation metal battery sees through between a ray transmission piece and a transducer through setting up the ray, and the radiation source is the tritiation metal radiation source to seted up the through-hole on the ray transmission piece, make the ray that the radiation source produced pass through the through-hole that the ray transmission piece was seted up and reach the transducer, the transducer converts the ray received into the electric energy again. Because the radioactive source utilizes rays generated by the decay of the tritium element, and the decay period of the tritium element is longer, the long-term energy supply of the tritiated metal battery can be realized. In addition, the through hole formed in the ray penetrating piece can control part of rays generated by the radioactive source to reach the energy conversion device, so that damage of the rays generated by the radioactive source to the energy conversion device is reduced, and the service life of the tritiated metal battery is further prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a long-life tritiated metal battery in one embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a tritiated metal battery having a long service life in another example.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a tritiated metal battery with a long service life includes a radiation source 100, a ray transmission member 101, a transducer device 102, and an electrical energy output end 103 disposed on the transducer device 102, where the ray transmission member 101 is disposed between the radiation source 100 and the transducer device 102, the ray transmission member 101 is provided with a through hole 104, and the electrical energy output end 103 is used for connecting to a device to be powered; the radiation generated by the radiation source 100 reaches the transducer device 102 through the through hole 104 formed in the radiation transparent member 101, and the transducer device 102 is used for converting the received radiation into electric energy.
The radiation source 100, the radiation-transmitting member 101 and the transducer device 102 may be all layered structures, and the shapes and sizes of the radiation source 100, the radiation-transmitting member 101 and the transducer device 102 may be set according to actual requirements. The radiation source 100, the radiation transparent member 101 and the transducer device 102 are stacked, and the radiation transparent member 101 is disposed between the radiation source 100 and the transducer device 102. It is understood that the transducer device 102 and the radiation transparent member 101 are stacked, and the radiation source 100 is disposed on a side of the radiation transparent member 101 away from the transducer device 102. Optionally, the radiation source 100 and the radiolucent member 101, or the radiolucent member 101 and the transducer device 102 may be stacked at a certain distance, or may be stacked in close proximity, and is not limited herein. In particular, the radioactive source may be a tritiated metal radioactive source. Tritiated metal is a metal containing the radioactive element tritium, and is radioactive. The tritiated metal radioactive source emits mild ray energy, does not easily cause semiconductor damage, and is low in tritiated metal cost.
The transducer device 102 is a device that converts one form of energy into another form of energy. The transducer device 102 is generally a layered structure formed by stacking different semiconductor materials having semiconducting properties with a conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. The structure of the transducer device 102 may be a structure of a lightly doped layer and a heavily doped layer, and the electrical characteristics of the transducer device 102, including the energy conversion rate of the transducer device 102 and the output power of the transducer device 102, are improved by changing the doping concentration of each layer of semiconductor material. Alternatively, the structure of the transducer device 102 may be a multi-dimensional deep hole structure, which is similar to a honeycomb structure, and the multi-dimensional representation indicates that the transducer device 102 includes multiple layers of semiconductor materials, and the deep hole represents that each layer of semiconductor material is provided with a hole. The placement of the holes may increase the amount of energy absorption by the transducer 102, thereby increasing the output power of the transducer 102. The energy conversion device 102 in the application can convert nuclear energy generated by the radioactive source 100 into electric energy, and the specific working principle is that when rays generated by the radioactive source 100 reach the energy conversion device 102, the rays interact with semiconductor materials in the energy conversion device 102, the semiconductor materials in the energy conversion device 102 generate electron hole pairs through ionization excitation, and then under the action of a semiconductor built-in electric field, the generated electron hole pairs are separated and collected by the electric energy output end 103, so that the nuclear energy is converted into the electric energy.
The power output end 103 of the energy conversion device 102 generally includes a positive output end and a negative output end, which may be disposed at the same side of the energy conversion device 102 for connecting to the equipment to be powered, or disposed at different sides of the energy conversion device 102 to avoid mutual interference between the two poles. The specific setting position of the power output end 103 can be selected according to the actual use condition. The power output end 103 is used for connecting a device to be powered, and the device to be powered can be, but is not limited to, a device applied to special environments and requirements such as aerospace, military, medical treatment, power grid and the like, for example, a micro intelligent sensor and the like.
The material of the ray transmission part 101 is a radiation-proof material, and the thickness can be adjusted according to requirements. The radiolucent member 101 defines a through hole 104 such that radiation generated by the radiation source 100 can pass through the through hole 104 defined in the radiolucent member 101 to reach the transducer device 102. The radiolucent member 101 may be formed with a plurality of through holes 104, and the number of through holes 104 may be determined according to the structure of the transducer device 102. For example, when the structure of the transducer device 102 is a multi-dimensional deep hole structure, the energy absorption amount of the transducer device 102 is large, the number of through holes does not need to be too large, and the number of through holes is generally set to be 1-5 to meet the requirement. When the structure of the transducer device 102 is a light-and-heavy-doped layer structure, the energy absorption amount of the transducer device 102 is small, and at this time, in order to achieve the output power of normal operation of the tritiated metal battery, the number of through holes needs to be increased to increase the amount of radiation transmitted by the radiation transmitting member 101, for example, the number of through holes may be set to 4-10. The amount of radiation corresponds to the amount of radiation, and the more the amount of radiation, the less the amount of radiation, and the less the amount of radiation.
In addition, the size of the via 104 may be set according to the required output power of the tritiated metal battery. Specifically, the output power of the tritiated metal battery is affected by the electrical energy conversion efficiency of the transducer device 102 and the amount of radiation received by the transducer device 102. When the structure of the transducer device 102 is determined, the electric energy conversion efficiency is generally a fixed value. Thus, varying the output power of a tritiated metal battery can be accomplished by varying the amount of radiation that reaches the transducer device 102. The size of the through-hole 104 can affect how much the radiation dose of the radiation generated by the radiation source 100 reaches the transducer device 102, so the output power of the tritiated metal battery can be satisfied by changing the size of the through-hole 104. Further, the size of the through holes 104 may also affect the number of through holes 104, and since the area of the radiolucent member 101 is constant, the larger the through holes 104 are, the smaller the number of through holes 104 are generally provided, and the smaller the through holes 104 are, the larger the number of through holes 104 are generally provided. In addition, the shape of the through hole 104 may be a square, a circle, or any other figure, which is not limited herein; the position of the through hole can be set according to actual requirements.
In one embodiment, to further reduce damage to the transducer device 102, the long-life tritiated metal battery further includes a passivation layer 106, as shown in fig. 2, where the passivation layer 106 is disposed on a side of the transducer device 102 near the radiolucent member 101.
Specifically, a passivation layer 106 is disposed on the transducer device 102 covering a side of the transducer device 102 that is adjacent to the radiolucent member 101. Radiation generated by the radiation source 100 passes through the radiolucent member 101 and does not reach the transducer element 102 directly, but instead passes through the passivation layer 106. Since the passivation layer 106 has a certain radiation resistance, it can resist some rays, so that the radiation damage of the transducer device 102 can be reduced. The structure, material and thickness of the passivation layer 106 may be set as required, and are not limited herein.
In addition, when there is a spacing between the radiation source 100 and the transducer device 102 structure, the size of the spacing may be determined based on the structure of the passivation layer 106. In particular, as the passivation layer 106 structure becomes less radiation resistant, the spacing between the radiation source 100 and the transducer device 102 may be set to be larger to appropriately reduce the amount of radiation reaching the passivation layer. As the passivation layer 106 structure is more radiation resistant, the spacing between the radiation source 100 and the transducer device 102 can be set smaller, thereby reducing the overall volume. For example, when the passivation layer 106 is one of a Si/SiO2/Si3N4 passivation layer, a Si/Si3N4 passivation layer, and a Si/B-Si glass/Si3N4 passivation layer, the distance between the radiation source 100 and the transducer 102 may be set to 1mm to 10mm; further, when the passivation layer 106 is a Si/Si3N4 passivation layer, the distance between the radiation source 100 and the transducer 102 may be set to 1mm to 4mm; when the passivation layer 106 is a Si/B-Si glass/Si3N4 passivation layer, the distance between the radiation source 100 and the transducer device 102 may be set to 4mm to 10mm. It is understood that B-Si glass is borosilicate glass.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the long-life tritiated metal battery further includes a housing 105, and the radiation source 100, the radiolucent member 101, and the transducer member 102 are disposed within the housing 105.
The shell 105 can be made of metal, and the shell 105 made of metal has good high-temperature corrosion resistance and a long service cycle; the housing 105 may also be made of plastic, and the housing 105 made of plastic is light in weight, easy to carry, and does not need to be insulated additionally. The radioactive source 100, the ray transmitting piece 101 and the transducer device 102 are all arranged in the shell 105, so that damage to the radioactive source 100, the ray transmitting piece 101 and the transducer device 102 can be reduced, and the service life of the tritiated metal battery is prolonged.
In addition, the case 105 may have a square shape, which facilitates stacking, storage, and the like of the tritiated metal battery. A handle can be arranged on the shell 105, so that the tritiated metal battery can be moved conveniently and is convenient to use. It is understood that in other embodiments, the structure of the housing 105 may be other, as long as one skilled in the art can realize the structure.
In one embodiment, a long-life tritiated metal battery has a cavity filled with an inert gas formed between the radiation source 100, the radiolucent 101, and the transducer device 102, and the housing 105.
Inert gases are inert in chemical nature, hardly chemically react with other substances, and do not have radioactivity, and generally include six gases of helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn). The inert gas filled in the cavity may include one or more of helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn). The ray energy generated by the radioactive source 100 is huge, so that the temperature in the cavity is sharply increased, the inert gas filled in the cavity can cool the tritiated metal battery, the cavity is kept in a low-oxygen flame-retardant environment, the damage to devices caused by overhigh temperature in the cavity is prevented, the working performance of the tritiated metal battery is improved, and the service life of the tritiated metal battery is prolonged.
In one embodiment, radiation source 100 comprises a substrate and a membrane, the substrate and membrane being disposed in a stack, the membrane being disposed on a side of the substrate adjacent to radiolucent member 101; or, the film is disposed to wrap the substrate.
The substrate may be a metal material or a non-metal material. The material of the film is a metal compound containing a radioactive element, such as tritium. The film can generate radioactive rays, such as alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays and the like. The lamination of the substrate and the thin film means that there is almost no space between the substrate and the thin film, and the thin film is provided on the substrate. In particular, the thin film may be provided on a side of the substrate close to the radiolucent member 101, i.e. the thin film covers the side of the substrate close to the radiolucent member 101. When the thin film is disposed on the side of the substrate close to the radiation-transmitting member 101, the radiation generated by the thin film can be made to pass through the radiation-transmitting member 101 as vertically as possible, thereby improving the utilization rate of energy. Alternatively, the film may be disposed around the substrate. The film-wrapped substrate arrangement means that the film covers all outer surfaces of the substrate and wraps the substrate. When the film wraps the substrate, the substrate is used as the base of the film, so that the falling rate of the film can be reduced, the service life of the film is prolonged, and further, the long-term energy supply of the tritiated metal battery is facilitated.
In one embodiment, the substrate is a metal substrate.
The substrate refers to the substrate of the radiation source 100. When the substrate of the tritiated metal battery with long service life is a metal substrate, the tritiated metal battery has strong adhesiveness, good chemical stability, good thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, and is not easy to decompose and corrode. Furthermore, when a thin film is disposed on a side of the substrate close to the radiation transmitting member 101 or a thin film is disposed to cover the substrate, a small portion of the radiation generated from the radioactive element contained in the thin film is absorbed by the metal substrate, so that the utilization rate of energy can be improved. In addition, the metal substrate is adopted as the substrate of the tritiated metal battery, so that the service life of the film can be prolonged, the service life of the tritiated metal battery is prolonged, and long-term energy supply of the tritiated metal battery is guaranteed.
In one embodiment, the film is a radioactive tritide film.
The thin film is a thin film of the radiation source 100, and the tritide is a metal compound containing tritium. Wherein tritium is a radioactive isotope. If two atoms have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons and still have the same atomic order and are in the same position in the periodic table, these two elements are called isotopes, but not all isotopes have radioactivity, the radioactive isotope is called radioisotope, and the nonradioactive isotope is called stable isotope.
The nucleus of a radioisotope is unstable and emits radiation spontaneously and uninterruptedly until it becomes another stable isotope, and the process of emitting radiation spontaneously and uninterruptedly is called nuclear decay. The radioactive isotope can emit alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays and the like when nuclear decay is carried out, and the speed of nuclear decay is not influenced by external conditions such as temperature, pressure, electromagnetic field and the like, is not influenced by the state of elements and is only related to time. Therefore, the tritide film is used as the film of the tritiated metal battery, so that the tritiated metal battery is less influenced by the outside when being supplied with energy, and the long-term stable energy supply of the tritiated metal battery is realized.
In one embodiment, the long-life tritiated metal battery source 100 is spaced from the radiolucent member 101.
The radiation source 100 and the radiolucent member 101 may be arranged in parallel such that the spacing between the radiation source 100 and the radiolucent member 101 is approximately equal throughout. Because the radiation generated by the radiation source 100 has higher radiation energy, when the radiation source 100 of the tritiated metal battery and the radiation penetrating piece 101 are arranged at a distance, a space for weakening radiation can be provided, and the radiation penetrating piece 101 is prevented from being damaged. Moreover, when the radiation source 100 and the radiation transparent member 101 are arranged in parallel and have a certain distance, the radiation generated by the radiation source 100 can vertically pass through the through hole 104 formed in the radiation transparent member 101 as much as possible, and the radiation can uniformly irradiate the transducer 102. When the ray generated by the radioactive source 100 is uniformly irradiated on the transducer device 102, the output power of the transducer device 102 can be stabilized for a long time, so that the tritiated metal battery can be stably supplied with energy for a long time.
In one embodiment, the radiolucent element 101 of a long-life tritiated metal battery is provided with evenly distributed through holes 104.
The through holes may be uniformly distributed such that the through holes 104 have the same size and shape, and the distances between the through holes 104 are the same. When the size and the shape of each through hole 104 are the same as the distance between the through holes 104, the radiation generated by the radiation source 100 can be ensured to uniformly irradiate the energy conversion device 102 after passing through the radiation transmission piece 101, so that the output power of the energy conversion device 102 is stable for a long time, and the long-term stable energy supply of the tritiated metal battery is realized.
In addition, considering that the distribution of the radioactive element in the thin film may not be uniform, the number of the through holes 104 may be set according to the content of the radioactive element in each portion of the thin film. For example, a small number of through holes 104 are provided in a place with a high radioactive element content, and a large number of through holes 104 are provided in a place with a low radioactive element content. So that the radiation dose received by all parts of the transducer device 102 is approximately equal, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the output power of the transducer device 102.
In one embodiment, the transducer device 102 of a long-life tritiated metal battery is a single crystal silicon transducer device.
Monocrystalline silicon generally refers to a substance in which silicon atoms are formed in an arrangement, silicon being the most commonly used semiconductor material, and when molten elemental silicon solidifies, the silicon atoms are arranged in diamond lattices as crystal nuclei, and the crystal nuclei grow into crystal grains with the same crystal plane orientation to form monocrystalline silicon. Single crystal silicon has the physical properties of metalloids, has a weak electrical conductivity, increases in conductivity with increasing temperature, and has a significant semiconductivity. Ultra-pure single crystal silicon is an intrinsic semiconductor. Doping a trace amount of IIIA group elements, such as boron, into the ultra-pure monocrystalline silicon to improve the conductivity of the ultra-pure monocrystalline silicon so as to form a P-type silicon semiconductor; for example, the conductivity can be improved by doping trace amount of VA element such as phosphorus or arsenic to form N-type silicon semiconductor. When the rays generated by the radioactive source 100 reach the monocrystalline silicon transducer through the ray transmission piece 101, the rays interact with the monocrystalline silicon, electron hole pairs are generated through ionization excitation, and the generated electron hole pairs are separated and collected by the electrodes under the action of the built-in electric field of the monocrystalline silicon, so that the nuclear energy is converted into the electric energy. Further, the rays generated by the radiation source 100 can generate heat energy, so that the temperature in the cavity is increased, the conductivity of the monocrystalline silicon energy conversion device is increased, the energy utilization rate of nuclear energy is improved, and the output power of the tritiated metal battery is increased.
According to the tritiated metal battery with long service life, the ray transmission piece 101 is arranged between the radioactive source 100 and the energy conversion device 102, the through hole 104 is formed in the ray transmission piece 101, so that rays generated by the radioactive source 100 reach the energy conversion device 102 through the through hole 104 formed in the ray transmission piece 101, and the energy conversion device 102 converts the received rays into electric energy. Since the radiation source 100 utilizes radiation generated by the decay of the isotope and the decay period of the isotope is long, long-term energy supply of the tritiated metal battery can be realized. In addition, the through hole 104 formed in the ray transmission member 101 can control part of the rays generated by the radiation source 100 to reach the energy conversion device 102, so that damage of the rays generated by the radiation source 100 to the energy conversion device 102 is reduced, and the service life of the tritiated metal battery is further prolonged.
For a better understanding of the above embodiments, the following detailed description is given in conjunction with a specific embodiment.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a long-life tritiated metal battery is proposed, which converts the energy of the radiation released upon the decay of tritium into electrical energy using a transducer device. The energy conversion device is set to be in a structure of a light-heavy doping layer and a heavy doping layer, and specifically comprises a boron element heavy doping layer, a phosphorus element light doping layer and a phosphorus element heavy doping layer; the film is set to be a titanium tritide film.
The tritiated metal battery in the embodiment comprises a radiation source 100, a ray transmission piece 101, a passivation layer 106, a transducer device 102, a shell 105 and an electric energy output end 103, wherein the radiation source 100, the ray transmission piece 101, the passivation layer 106 and the transducer device 102 are stacked, the transducer device 102 is connected with the electric energy output end 103, the electric energy output end 103 comprises a negative electrode output end and a positive electrode output end, and the negative electrode output end and the positive electrode output end are arranged on the same side of the transducer device 102. The radiolucent member 101 is provided with through holes 104, and the through holes 104 are uniform in size and shape and are uniformly distributed. The passivation layer 106 is disposed without a gap on the side of the transducer device 102 near the radiolucent member 101. The radiation source 100, the radiolucent member 101, the passivation layer 106, and the transducer device 102 are all disposed within a housing 105, the housing 105 being a metal housing. A cavity is formed between the radiation source 100, the radiolucent member 101 and the passivation layer 106 and the housing 105, and is filled with an inert gas.
The radioactive source 100 is a tritiated metal structure, and the radioactive source 100 includes a substrate and a thin film, where the substrate is a metal substrate and the thin film is a tritiated titanium thin film, and the thin film is disposed on one side of the metal substrate close to the ray transmitting member 101. Radiation source 100 is spaced from radiolucent member 101. The spacing between the radiation source 100 and the radiolucent member 101 may be set according to the structure of the passivation layer 106. The closer the passivation layer 106 is able to resist radiation, the smaller the spacing between the radiation source 100 and the transducer device 102 can be set. If the passivation layer 106 is less radiation resistant, the larger the distance between the radiation source 100 and the transducer device 102 can be set to reduce the damage to the transducer device 102 caused by the radiation from the radiation source 100. The transducer 102 is a light-doped layer and a heavy-doped layer, and specifically comprises a boron element heavy-doped layer 209, a phosphorus element light-doped layer 210 and a phosphorus element heavy-doped layer 211 which are sequentially arranged. The lightly doped layer indicates a low doping concentration, and the heavily doped layer indicates a high doping concentration.
The tritiated metal battery has the working principle that tritium elements in a tritiated titanium film are decayed, beta rays can be generated in the decay process, only part of the beta rays reach the passivation layer 106 after passing through the ray penetration piece 101, the passivation layer 106 has certain radiation resistance and can also isolate part of the beta rays, the doping layer in the energy conversion device 102 interacts with the finally absorbed beta rays, electron hole pairs are generated through ionization excitation, and then under the action of built-in electric fields of the doping layers, the generated electron hole pairs are respectively separated and collected by the positive output end and the negative output end and are transmitted to equipment to be powered in an electric energy mode, so that nuclear energy is converted into electric energy.
The tritiated metal battery mentioned in this embodiment uses the tritiated metal structure as the radiation source 100, and utilizes the decay of tritium element to generate radioactive rays, and meanwhile, the thin film in the radiation source 100 is disposed on the side of the metal substrate close to the ray transmission member 101, so that the service life of the thin film can be prolonged. The ray penetrating piece 101 in the tritiated metal battery is provided with through holes 104 with the same size and shape, and the distances among the through holes 104 are equal, so that the through holes 104 are uniformly distributed, and a part of rays generated by the radioactive source 100 uniformly irradiate the energy conversion device 102 through the through holes 104 formed in the ray penetrating piece 101. In addition, the radiation passes through the passivation layer 106 before being irradiated to the transducer device 102, and the passivation layer 106 has a certain radiation resistance. The passivation layer 106 is disposed on the side of the transducer device 102 close to the radiolucent element 101, so that damage to the transducer device 102 by radiation can be reduced. Further, by providing a space between the radiation source 100 and the radiation transmitting member 101, damage to the energy conversion device 102 by radiation generated by the radiation source 100 can be reduced, thereby improving the service life of the tritiated metal battery. To further increase the lifetime of the tritiated metal battery, the inert gas is filled in the cavity formed between the radiation source 100, the radiolucent 101, the passivation layer 106 and the housing 105 because the inert gas is chemically stable and does not contain radioactivity. The tritiated metal battery has the advantages of long service life, strong environmental adaptability, good working stability, no need of maintenance, miniaturization and the like.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these are all within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A tritiated metal battery with long service life is characterized by comprising a radiation source, a ray transmission piece and an energy conversion device which are arranged in a stacked mode, and further comprising an electric energy output end arranged on the energy conversion device, wherein the radiation source is a tritiated metal radiation source, the ray transmission piece is arranged between the radiation source and the energy conversion device, the ray transmission piece is provided with a through hole, and the electric energy output end is used for being connected with equipment to be powered;
and rays generated by the radioactive source reach the energy conversion device through the through hole formed in the ray transmission piece, and the energy conversion device is used for converting the received rays into electric energy.
2. A long-life tritiated metal battery according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a passivation layer disposed on the side of the transducer device near the radiolucent member.
3. A long-life tritiated metal battery according to claim 1, further comprising a housing, wherein the radiation source, the radiolucent, and the transducer are all disposed within the housing.
4. A long-life tritiated metal battery according to claim 3, characterized in that the radioactive source, the radiolucent member and the transducer form a cavity with the housing, and the cavity is filled with inert gas.
5. A long-life tritiated metal battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the radioactive source comprises a substrate and a thin film;
the substrate and the film are arranged in a laminated mode, and the film is arranged on one side, close to the ray transmission piece, of the substrate; or the like, or, alternatively,
the film is arranged to wrap the substrate.
6. A long-life tritiated metal battery according to claim 5, characterized in that the substrate is a metal substrate.
7. A long-life tritiated metal battery according to claim 5, characterized in that the thin film is a tritiated thin film.
8. A long-life tritiated metal battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiation source is arranged at a distance from the radiolucent member.
9. A tritiated metal battery with long service life according to claim 1, characterized in that the ray-transparent member is provided with uniformly distributed through holes.
10. A long-life tritiated metal battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the transducing device is a monocrystalline silicon transducing device.
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