CN104409127B - Composite converting type isotope battery - Google Patents
Composite converting type isotope battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN104409127B CN104409127B CN201410639815.4A CN201410639815A CN104409127B CN 104409127 B CN104409127 B CN 104409127B CN 201410639815 A CN201410639815 A CN 201410639815A CN 104409127 B CN104409127 B CN 104409127B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21H—OBTAINING ENERGY FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES; APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; UTILISING COSMIC RADIATION
- G21H1/00—Arrangements for obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources, e.g. from radioactive isotopes, nuclear or atomic batteries
- G21H1/12—Cells using conversion of the radiation into light combined with subsequent photoelectric conversion into electric energy
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Abstract
The invention provides a composite converting type isotope battery. The composite converting type isotope battery comprises a PN junction or a PIN junction or a schottky junction type energy converter, a radio luminescence material, a loading radioactive source, an upper electrode and a lower electrode; the loading radioactive source, the radio luminescence material and the energy converter are overlapped from top to bottom in a sandwich way; and the upper electrode and the lower electrode are respectively positioned at two poles of the energy converter. The composite converting type isotope battery has the advantages that a plurality of general radio-voltaic isotope battery converters are used for loading medium and high energy rays isotope as a battery loading source, and thus high output power density can be obtained while the general converter is avoided damage caused by high energy ray radiation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of microminiature isotope battery, more particularly to a kind of complex conversion isotope battery, belong to micro-
Energy field.
Background technology
Isotope battery is supplied into one kind of electric energy by using radioisotopic decay energy Jing transducings cell translation
Can device.Because isotope battery is due to compact conformation, the excellent feature such as small size, long-life, reliability are high and non-maintaining,
Be expected for implantable MEMS, wireless sensor node network back-up source and artificial cardiac pacemaker and it is portable and
Deep-sea deep space etc. need to change the long-term power supply unit of inconvenience.At present, more than 10 plant the isotope changed the mechanism, wherein the hot temperature difference
（RTG）Battery has been applied at the aspect such as space flight and cardiac pacemaker, but RTG miniaturizations are more difficult, after miniaturization, its
Conversion efficiency is extremely low；And the isotope battery for causing that light-photovoltaic indirect conversion and radiation volt are directly changed the mechanism is radiated, due to adopting
With quasiconductor energy transducer, there is unique advantage in terms of miniaturization.
Bower, K. E. et al. exists《Polymers phosphors and voltaics for radioisotope
microbatteries》（crc press bocaroton London New York Washington, D.C.
www.crcpress.com.2002）In propose and be converted on the ray that the tritium gas of loading decays using metal sulfide coating
Luminous energy, then recycles photovoltaic conversion finally to realize that for decay electric energy can be converted into.The indirect of light-photovoltaic conversion is caused using radiation
Conversion isotope battery, in radiation light part is caused, and can reduce the self-absorption of low energy ray, improves the utilization rate of ray, but by
In two times transfer is adopted, its total conversion efficiency is relatively low.
In terms of radiation volt isotope battery, since L.C. Olsen etc. have developed based on radiation in the seventies in last century
After the Betacel prototypes spoke volt isotope battery of volta effect, many R＆D institutions and the various improved technologies of patent utilization, with
Improve the conversion efficiency and output of spoke volt isotope battery.Including BetaBatt companies and United States Patent (USP)
US7939986B2 etc. is proposed using three-dimensional porous device as energy transducer corrective measure；Qiao great Yong et al. is in patent《Have
Minisize nuclear battery of protection ring structure and preparation method thereof》（Patent No. CN101599308A）It is middle to propose using protection ring structure,
To suppress tracking current, the corrective measure of dark current is reduced；And Liu Yunpeng et al. is in patent《Epitaxial silicon-based PIN node micro
Isotope battery and preparation method thereof》（Patent No. CN102522136A）The measures such as the reduction internal resistance of middle proposition.
But, either radiation causes the isotope battery that light-photovoltaic indirect conversion or spoke volt are directly changed, and at present its is defeated
Go out power density less, also have relatively large distance from practical application.There are some researches show, battery conversion efficiency is with input power density
Increase and approximate exponentially rising, while output also rises at double.Therefore, improve isotope battery output power density to remove
To improve outside conversion efficiency, another approach is to include increasing radioactive source loading capacity and using high for above-mentioned energy transducer corrective measure
Energy ray increases input power density as loading source etc..Can be because increasing mental retardation radiation by the method for increasing radioactive source loading capacity
The self-absorption in source and reduce the effective rate of utilization of ray, and increase have a saturation value；High energy β rays are used as loading source using in
Spoke volt battery energy transducer can not be then directly acted on, its reason is when ray energy is more than a threshold value（Such as to monocrystal silicon,
The threshold value is 200keV）, ray can produce radiation damage to the quasiconductor of isotope battery energy transducer, so as to cause it to change
Performance drastically declines in a short time even failure.
The content of the invention
To overcome above-mentioned isotope electric output power density little, solve radiation volt isotope battery improve output with
The radiation damage contradiction for producing therefrom, the invention provides a kind of complex conversion isotope battery.
The complex conversion isotope battery of the present invention, including PN junction or PIN junction or Schottky junction type energy transducer, radiation cause
Luminescent material, loading radioactive source, battery Top electrode, battery bottom electrode.Loading radioactive source, radioluminescence material and transducer
Part is from top to bottom constituted with sandwich mode folded structures；Battery Top electrode, battery bottom electrode are located at respectively junction transducer part
The two poles of the earth.
Cause with junction transducer part, the basic structure of radioluminescence material and loading radioactive source composition and with two groups of radiation
Luminescent material, energy transducer cause to send out with the sandwich shared loading radiation source structure of sandwiched type structure and using 3 D stereo radiation
Luminescent material encapsulation loads radioactive source and in the 3-D solid structure of radioluminescence material cubic body surface layout energy transducer.
The energy transducer is PN junction, PIN junction or the schottky junction of monocrystal silicon or extension silicon substrate or GaAs semi-conducting materials
Type diode.
It is described loading radioactive source isotope be90Sr-90Y、147Pm、201TI and63High energy β nucleic in Ni, radioactive source is with electricity
It is prepared by plating or powder metallurgy ceramics mode.
The radioluminescence material is inorganic doping material or organic macrocycle compound and plastic scintillant.
The inorganic doping material is the adulterate rare earth doped silicate of ZnS or europium, terbium, neodymium, aluminate and Y2O3Pottery
Porcelain or glass and Cu doped-glasses；The thickness of inorganic doping material is by selected loading isotope ray energy and transducer
Semi-conducting material selected by part determines.
The organic macrocycle compound is benzene ring compound and heterocyclic compound.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：Radiation volta effect isotope battery energy transducer is made full use of both to possess radiation volt
Spy's conversion, while being also equipped with the characteristic of opto-electronic conversion, using radiation light is caused --- photovoltaic indirect conversion and radiation volt conversion phase
With reference to complex conversion mechanism, do not changing energy transducer material（Such as traditional silicon substrate energy transducer）, in the case of structure and parameter,
Using the radiation-resistant property of radioluminescence material, middle and high-energy β nucleic is loaded, ray is comprehensively utilized by complex conversion mechanism
Convert thereof into electric energy so that the isotope battery obtains bigger output power density compared with radiation volt isotope battery；Together
When, the isotope range of choice for loading radioactive source is wider；Stability test and reliability are higher.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the complex conversion isotope battery ultimate principle structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that two groups of complex conversion isotope batteries share loading radioactive source structural representation with sandwich；
Fig. 3 is that 3 D stereo surrounds shared loading radioactive source formula complex conversion isotope battery structural representation；
In figure, 1. 2. radioluminescence material of energy transducer 3. loads the battery of 4. battery Top electrode of radioactive source 5.
Bottom electrode.
Specific embodiment
Complex conversion isotope battery structure and preparation method thereof of the present invention is done with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples into
One step explanation.
Embodiment 1：
In Fig. 1, energy transducer 1 is monocrystal silicon PN junction type diode prepared by thermal diffusion, and its groundwork thickness is 250 μm, knot
Deep 0.5 μm, basic unit's doping content is 3 × 1015cm-3；Radioluminescence material 2 is the silicate sheet of transparent ceramic of 4% europium doping,
Thickness is 5mm；Loading radioactive source 3 is plating147Pm radioactive sources；Battery Top electrode 4 and battery bottom electrode 5 are 1 micron of thickness
Ti/Ni/Au。
The course of work of compound isotope battery is：147Pm radioactive source β rays are through the doping of the europium of radioluminescence material 2
Silicate sheet of transparent ceramic when, in power spectrum mental retardation part by its whole energy deposition in radioluminescence material, and at this
During by exciting radiation electroluminescent material produce fluorescence, the energy of deposition is partially converted into into luminous energy；Can penetrate in power spectrum
Line part energy is deposited in radioluminescence ceramic material and also produces luminous energy, while making middle energy ray cause to send out through radiation
Become the relatively low ray of energy after luminescent material.The photoelectric effect that the light that radioluminescence material sends passes through PN junction energy transducer
It is converted into electric energy；The relatively low ray of energy after transmitted radiation electroluminescent material is imitated by the radiation volt of PN junction energy transducer
Electric energy should be converted into.Upper battery electrode 4 and battery bottom electrode that energy transducer 1 passes through energy transducer by the electric energy of complex conversion
5 externally export electric energy.
Embodiment 2：
In Fig. 2, energy transducer 1 is extension silicon substrate PN junction diode prepared by thermal diffusion, and its epitaxy layer thickness is 40 μm,
0.5 μm of junction depth, outer layer doping concentration is 1 × 1016cm-3；Radioluminescence material 2 is the transparent pottery of silicate of 4% europium doping
Ceramics, thickness is 10mm；Loading radioactive source 3 is prepared by chemical deposition90Sr-90Y ceramic sources；The He of battery Top electrode 4
Battery bottom electrode 5 is the Ti/Ni/Au of 1 micron of thickness.
The course of work of the compound isotope battery is：It is similar to example 1,90Sr-90Y radioactive source β rays are through radiation
During the silicate sheet of transparent ceramic of the europium of electroluminescent material 2 doping, Partial energy depositions are produced in radioluminescence material in ray
Third contact of a total solar or lunar eclipse energy；Part ray energy passes through radioluminescence material after reducing.The luminous energy and transmitted radiation that the process is produced is caused after light
The complex conversion of the relatively low ray Jing PN junction energy transducers of energy into electric energy, and by battery Top electrode 4 and battery bottom electrode 5
Outwards export electric energy.In this process, radioluminescence material also serves as high-energy ray shielding while as generation luminous energy
Effect, it is to avoid high-energy ray is directly produced according to damage to the irradiation of silicon substrate PN junction energy transducer.
In loading radioactive source 390Sr-90PN junction is placed again after Y ceramic sources both sides placement radioluminescence material to change
The energy group radioluminescence material of device, i.e., two and PN junction energy transducer share loading radioactive source 3 with sandwich type structural, with abundant
The 4 π transmittings of radioactive source are loaded using high energy β, ray utilization rate is improved, so as to improve total conversion efficiency.Upper and lower two battery is adopted
Series system, to obtain of a relatively high open-circuit voltage.
Embodiment 3：
In Fig. 3, energy transducer 1 is extension silicon substrate PN junction diode prepared by thermal diffusion, and its epitaxy layer thickness is 40 μm,
0.5 μm of junction depth, outer layer doping concentration is 1 × 1016cm-3；Radioluminescence material 2 is plastic scintillant, and wall thickness is 20mm；
Loading radioactive source 3 is prepared by powder metallurgic method90Sr-90Y ceramic sources, size is the cube of 10mm × 10mm × 10mm；Electricity
Pond Top electrode 4 and battery bottom electrode 5 are the Ti/Ni/Au of 1 micron of thickness.
The course of work of the compound isotope battery is identical with example 2, loads radioactive source 390Sr-90Y ceramic source quilts
Plastic scintillant surrounding three-dimensional encapsulation, and PN junction energy transducer is placed in 6 faces of plastic scintillant cube, with omnibearing profit
The 4 π transmittings of radioactive source are loaded with high energy β.Energy transducer on 6 faces adopts parallel way, to obtain bigger short circuit current.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of complex conversion isotope battery, described complex conversion isotope battery includes PN junction or PIN junction or Schottky
Junction transducer part（1）, radioluminescence material（2）, loading radioactive source（3）, battery Top electrode（4）, battery bottom electrode（5）；
Loading radioactive source（3）, radioluminescence material（2）And energy transducer（1）From top to bottom with sandwich mode folded structures structure
Into；Battery Top electrode（4）With battery bottom electrode（5）Energy transducer is located at respectively（1）Two-stage, it is characterised in that：Described plus placing
Penetrate source（3）Isotope be middle high energy β nucleic, the thickness centering high energy β rays of radioluminescence material have penetrance, described
Thickness semi-conducting material by selected by selected loading isotope ray energy and energy transducer determines so that through luminous material
Ray energy after material is reduced, and realizes that radiation causes the complex conversion function of light-photovoltaic indirect conversion and radiation volt conversion.
2. complex conversion isotope battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The structure of battery is adopted with transducer
Part（1）, radioluminescence material（2）, loading radioactive source（3）, radioluminescence material（2）And energy transducer（1）With sandwich
The structure that mode is sequentially overlapped.
3. complex conversion isotope battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The structure of battery adopts 3 D stereo
Radioluminescence material（2）Encapsulation loading radioactive source（3）And in radioluminescence material cubic body surface layout energy transducer
（1）3-D solid structure.
4. complex conversion isotope battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The energy transducer（1）For monocrystalline
The PN junction of silicon or extension silicon substrate or GaAs semi-conducting materials, PIN junction or Schottky junction type diode.
5. complex conversion isotope battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The loading radioactive source（3）It is same
Position element be90Sr-90Y、147Pm、201TI and63High energy β nucleic in Ni.
6. complex conversion isotope battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The radioluminescence material（2）
For inorganic doping material or plastic scintillant.
7. complex conversion isotope battery according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The inorganic doping material is doping
The rare earth doped silicate of ZnS or europium, terbium, neodymium, aluminate and Y2O3Ceramics or glass and Cu doped-glasses；It is inorganic to mix
The thickness of miscellaneous material semi-conducting material by selected by selected loading isotope ray energy and energy transducer determines.
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| CN201410639815.4A CN104409127B (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2014-11-14 | Composite converting type isotope battery |
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| CN201410639815.4A CN104409127B (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2014-11-14 | Composite converting type isotope battery |
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| CN104409127B true CN104409127B (en) | 2017-05-10 |
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| CN105931693B (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2018-04-03 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | A kind of novel environmental radiant harvester |
| CN106409955B (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-08-03 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Spaceborne radial energy nano cell |
| CN107123457B (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2019-07-09 | 兰州大学 | A kind of direct collection-photoelectricity-thermoelectricity combined type isotope battery and preparation method |
| CN107103940B (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2019-06-25 | 陈继革 | A kind of gamma photovoltaic isotope battery |
| CN107103939A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-08-29 | 深圳贝塔能量技术有限公司 | A kind of flexible radiation volt isotope battery |
| GB201711783D0 (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-09-06 | Univ Of Sussex | Nuclear Microbattery |
| CN107749317A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-03-02 | 北京华航北斗能源科技有限公司 | A kind of device that electric energy is directly produced using nuclear decay energy |
| CN108399961A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-08-14 | 吉林大学 | The radiation injury means of defence of the sources α nuclear battery semi-conducting material |
| CN108877980A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-23 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | A kind of light guide assemblies of spoke volt class isotope battery |
| CN108877983B (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2020-09-04 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Luminescent sealed radioactive source for photovoltaic homomorphic cell and preparation method thereof |
| CN117642829A (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2024-03-01 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Perovskite spoke volt-photovoltaic cell |
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