CN115902629A - Lithium ion battery safety state evaluation and safety fault grading method - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery safety state evaluation and safety fault grading method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115902629A CN115902629A CN202211459888.6A CN202211459888A CN115902629A CN 115902629 A CN115902629 A CN 115902629A CN 202211459888 A CN202211459888 A CN 202211459888A CN 115902629 A CN115902629 A CN 115902629A
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Abstract
The invention provides a lithium ion battery safety state evaluation and safety fault grading method, which establishes a characterization model relation between battery safety states and corresponding parameters under different abuse faults by using abuse tests of lithium ion battery monomers, and sets corresponding safety state thresholds, so that real-time safety states and fault grades can be quickly and quantitatively analyzed by using each characterization parameter when a lithium ion battery works. The method has simple flow and extremely high real-time performance, is suitable for quickly diagnosing the safety state of the battery, and is favorable for early warning and eliminating risks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery safety state diagnosis, and particularly relates to a lithium ion battery safety state evaluation and safety fault classification method.
Background
With the development of electric vehicles, the safety problem of lithium ion batteries used on vehicles is increasingly prominent, and the demand for timely evaluation of the safety state of the lithium ion batteries is very urgent. During the working process of the lithium ion battery, the lithium ion battery is affected by overcharge, overdischarge, internal short circuit, high-temperature thermal runaway, mechanical extrusion and other aspects, and safety accidents are easy to repair, so that a proper grading diagnosis and safety state evaluation system is necessary to be established for faults caused by various inducements, and an alarm can be given in time and safety risks can be eliminated when the faults occur. However, most of the lithium ion battery failure and safety evaluations in the prior art are only applicable to a single dangerous situation, lack of comprehensive consideration for different failure causes, and fail to provide a relatively accurate and comprehensive quantitative grading evaluation mode.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for evaluating safety status and grading safety faults of a lithium ion battery, which specifically includes the following steps:
s1, respectively carrying out the following tests on lithium ion battery monomers:
1) The method comprises the steps of performing an overcharge abuse test, obtaining a relation curve between a battery monomer safety state value and a monomer voltage and a monomer expansion force parameter respectively, and determining a battery monomer voltage safety threshold and a monomer expansion force safety state threshold respectively;
2) Performing a high-temperature abuse test to obtain a relation curve between the safety state of the single battery and a temperature parameter and determine a temperature safety state threshold of the single battery;
3) A single equivalent internal short circuit model simulation test is carried out, a relation curve between a battery single safety state value and an internal short circuit resistance parameter is obtained, and a battery single internal short circuit resistance safety state threshold value is determined;
4) Performing an extrusion abuse test, namely acquiring a relation curve between the safety state numerical value of each battery monomer and an extrusion deformation depth parameter, and determining a safety state threshold of the extrusion deformation depth of each battery monomer;
s2, respectively calculating a relation curve between each safety state numerical value and each parameter of the lithium ion battery pack and each safety state threshold of the battery pack according to a specific grouping form of the battery pack formed by the lithium ion battery monomers and each safety state threshold obtained in the step S1; respectively determining a plurality of levels of different types of faults of the lithium ion battery pack based on each safety state threshold;
s3, collecting the lithium ion battery pack serving as an evaluation object in real time and the voltage, current, temperature, internal short circuit resistance, expansion force and extrusion deformation depth parameters of the battery monomer contained in the lithium ion battery pack during working, and determining the safety state value of the battery pack corresponding to each single parameter respectively based on the relation curve between the safety state value of the battery monomer and each parameter obtained in the step S1; and determining the comprehensive safe state value and the fault grade of the battery pack according to the single or a plurality of parameters specifically related to the overcharge abuse fault, the high-temperature abuse fault, the internal short circuit fault and the extrusion abuse fault.
Further, in step S1, the relationship curve between the safety state value of the battery cell and each parameter and the safety state threshold of each parameter are specifically utilized, and different parameter values x and the statistical probability percentage f of the battery cell in the safety state under the value are specifically utilized safety And fitting the following characterization model functions to obtain:
in the formula (f) safety (x) The function is related to x, namely the safety state value of the battery monomer related to a single parameter, and m and d are coefficients to be fitted; a number of thresholds corresponding to different fault levels are set for the safety state values.
Further, the step S2 is specifically performed according to the function f corresponding to each parameter of the battery cell safety (x) And determining a failure level score of the battery pack with respect to a single parameter, in association with each safety state threshold.
Further, in step S3, for an abuse fault that occurs separately and involves several parameters, specifically, by taking the product of the safety state values of the abuse fault with respect to each single parameter, determining a comprehensive safety state and fault level score of the battery pack; and for different abuse faults which occur simultaneously, the safety state numerical value of each abuse fault about each single parameter is calculated firstly, and then the product of all the safety state numerical values is calculated to be used as the comprehensive safety state and fault grade score of the battery pack.
The lithium ion battery safety state evaluation and safety fault grading method provided by the invention establishes the characterization model relation between the battery safety state and the corresponding parameters under different abuse faults by using the abuse test of the lithium ion battery monomer, and sets the corresponding safety state threshold value, so that the real-time safety state and fault grade can be quickly and quantitatively analyzed by using each characterization parameter when the lithium ion battery works. The method has simple flow and extremely high real-time performance, is suitable for quickly diagnosing the safety state of the battery, and is favorable for early warning and eliminating risks.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between a battery safety state and a temperature parameter in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the classification of the composite fault levels based on temperature parameters in an example in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for integrated safety state and fault level calculations involving several parameter abuse faults;
FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of the combined safety state and fault level results obtained based on temperature and internal short circuit resistance for an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a lithium ion battery safety state evaluation and safety fault grading method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively carrying out the following tests on lithium ion battery monomers:
1) The method comprises the steps of performing an overcharge abuse test, obtaining a relation curve between a cell safety state value and a cell voltage and a cell expansion force parameter, and determining a cell voltage safety threshold and a cell expansion force safety threshold respectively;
2) Performing a high-temperature abuse test to obtain a relation curve between the safety state of the single battery and a temperature parameter and determine a temperature safety state threshold of the single battery;
3) Carrying out a single equivalent internal short circuit model simulation test, obtaining a relation curve between a single battery safety state value and an internal short circuit resistance parameter, and determining a single battery internal short circuit resistance safety state threshold value;
4) Performing an extrusion abuse test, namely acquiring a relation curve between the safety state numerical value of each battery monomer and an extrusion deformation depth parameter, and determining a safety state threshold of the extrusion deformation depth of each battery monomer;
s2, respectively calculating a relation curve between each safety state numerical value and each parameter of the lithium ion battery pack and each safety state threshold of the battery pack according to a specific grouping form of the battery pack formed by the lithium ion battery monomers and each safety state threshold obtained in the step S1; respectively determining a plurality of levels of different types of faults of the lithium ion battery pack based on each safety state threshold value;
s3, collecting the lithium ion battery pack serving as an evaluation object and the voltage, current, temperature, internal short circuit resistance, expansion force and extrusion deformation depth parameters of the battery monomer in working in real time, and determining the battery pack safety state value corresponding to each single parameter respectively based on the relation curve between the battery monomer safety state value obtained in the step S1 and each parameter; and determining the comprehensive safe state value and the fault grade of the battery pack according to the single or a plurality of parameters specifically related to the overcharge abuse fault, the high-temperature abuse fault, the internal short circuit fault and the extrusion abuse fault.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, a large-capacity lithium iron phosphate single battery is selected as an object, a high-temperature thermal runaway experiment is performed in an adiabatic acceleration calorimeter, relevant parameters of the lithium iron phosphate battery under a high-temperature abuse condition are obtained, and a relationship between a safety state value and a temperature of the lithium iron phosphate battery as shown in fig. 1 is obtained based on the parameters. By adiabatic heat lossIn the control process, the self-heat-generation starting temperature of the lithium iron phosphate battery and the normal working temperature range of the battery are analyzed, so that the temperature parameter corresponding to the battery in a 100% safety state is 55 ℃, the temperature parameter corresponding to the battery in an 80% safety state is 90 ℃, and the temperature parameter corresponding to the battery in an 80% safety state can be used as the temperature safety threshold of the lithium iron phosphate battery. Whereby the statistical probability percentage f of the safety state of the battery cell at different temperatures x and at the value is used safety And fitting the following characterization model functions to obtain:
in the formula (f) safety (x) The function is related to x, namely the safety state value of the battery monomer related to a single temperature parameter, and m and d are coefficients to be fitted; a number of thresholds corresponding to different fault levels are set for the safety state values.
In step S2, the function f corresponding to each parameter of the battery monomer is specifically selected safety (x) And determining a failure level score of the battery pack with respect to a single parameter, in association with each safety state threshold. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, based on long-term statistical or empirical data of similar batteries, the probability f in a state considered to be completely safe safety (x) =1, if f safety (x)>0.8, the battery is considered to be safe if f safety (x)<0.8, the battery was considered unsafe. When the temperature is lower than 60 ℃, the battery is considered to have no risk of thermal runaway, when the temperature reaches 90 ℃, self-heat generation begins to occur, when the temperature reaches 140 ℃, a diaphragm melts, and large-area internal short circuit occurs, so that safety state values corresponding to 90 ℃ and 140 ℃ are selected as the standard of fault classification.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, for an abuse fault that occurs separately and involves several parameters, specifically, the product of the safety state values of the abuse fault with respect to each single parameter is used to determine the comprehensive safety state and fault level score of the battery pack; and for different abuse faults occurring simultaneously, calculating the abuse faults related to single parametersAnd then calculating the product of all the safety state numerical values as the comprehensive safety state and fault grade score of the battery pack. When the value of the comprehensive safety state is greater than 0.8, the safety states represented by all the parameters are probably all over 0.8; when the value of the comprehensive safety state is lower than 0.8, the safety state possibly characterized by at least one parameter is lower than 0.8; when the value of the comprehensive safety state is lower than 0.8 n The safety state, which indicates that all the parameters are characterized, is likely to be below 0.8. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the evaluation of the total safe state is set to 0.8 to 1, which is a primary failure, and 0.8 n The second level fault is 0 to 0.8 when the fault is about 0.8 n There is a three-level failure. Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating the safety fault grading of a lithium ion battery for the case where both high temperature abuse and internal short circuit abuse occur.
It should be understood that, the sequence numbers of the steps in the embodiment of the present invention do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiment of the present invention.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A lithium ion battery safety state evaluation and safety fault grading method is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively carrying out the following tests on lithium ion battery monomers:
1) The method comprises the steps of performing an overcharge abuse test, obtaining a relation curve between a battery monomer safety state value and a monomer voltage and a monomer expansion force parameter respectively, and determining a battery monomer voltage safety threshold and a monomer expansion force safety state threshold respectively;
2) The method comprises the following steps of performing a high-temperature abuse test, obtaining a relation curve between a single battery safety state and a temperature parameter, and determining a single battery temperature safety state threshold;
3) A single equivalent internal short circuit model simulation test is carried out, a relation curve between a battery single safety state value and an internal short circuit resistance parameter is obtained, and a battery single internal short circuit resistance safety state threshold value is determined;
4) Performing an extrusion abuse test, namely obtaining a relation curve between the safety state numerical values of the single batteries and the extrusion deformation depth parameters respectively, and determining the safety state threshold of the extrusion deformation depth of the single batteries;
s2, respectively calculating a relation curve between each safety state numerical value and each parameter of the lithium ion battery pack and each safety state threshold of the battery pack according to a specific grouping form of the battery pack formed by the lithium ion battery monomers and each safety state threshold obtained in the step S1; respectively determining a plurality of levels of different types of faults of the lithium ion battery pack based on each safety state threshold value;
s3, collecting the lithium ion battery pack serving as an evaluation object and the voltage, current, temperature, internal short circuit resistance, expansion force and extrusion deformation depth parameters of the battery monomer in working in real time, and determining the battery pack safety state value corresponding to each single parameter respectively based on the relation curve between the battery monomer safety state value obtained in the step S1 and each parameter; and determining the comprehensive safe state value and the fault grade of the battery pack according to the single or a plurality of parameters specifically related to the overcharge abuse fault, the high-temperature abuse fault, the internal short circuit fault and the extrusion abuse fault.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the relationship curve between the safety state value of the battery cell and each parameter and the safety state threshold of each parameter are used, specifically, the statistical probability percentage f of the safety state of the battery cell under the value and the value x of different parameter values are used safety And fitting the following characterization model functions to obtain:
in the formula (f) safety (x) Is a function related to x, namely the safety state value of the battery monomer related to a single parameter, and m and d are coefficients to be fitted; a number of thresholds corresponding to different fault levels are set for the safety state values.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: in step S2, the function f corresponding to each parameter of the battery monomer is specifically selected safety (x) And determining a failure level score of the battery pack with respect to a single parameter, in association with each safety state threshold.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: in step S3, for abuse faults which occur independently and relate to a plurality of parameters, specifically, the comprehensive safety state and fault grade score of the battery pack are determined according to the product of safety state numerical values of the abuse faults related to each single parameter; and for different abuse faults which occur simultaneously, the safety state numerical value of each abuse fault about each single parameter is calculated firstly, and then the product of all the safety state numerical values is calculated to be used as the comprehensive safety state and fault grade score of the battery pack.
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| CN117207778A (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-12-12 | 嘉丰盛精密电子科技(孝感)有限公司 | Nondestructive testing method and system for vehicle parts |
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| CN117207778A (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-12-12 | 嘉丰盛精密电子科技(孝感)有限公司 | Nondestructive testing method and system for vehicle parts |
| CN117207778B (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2024-02-13 | 嘉丰盛精密电子科技(孝感)有限公司 | Nondestructive testing method and system for vehicle parts |
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