CN111812529A - Aging thermal runaway test method for lithium ion battery under time-varying cycle working condition - Google Patents
Aging thermal runaway test method for lithium ion battery under time-varying cycle working condition Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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Abstract
The invention provides a lithium ion battery aging thermal runaway test method under a time-varying cycle working condition, which comprises the steps of carrying out an aging test on a battery by adopting the time-varying cycle working condition to analyze the battery performance evolution process, extracting thermal runaway tests of the battery carried out by test batteries at different aging stages in an adiabatic acceleration calorimeter to obtain the thermal runaway characteristic temperatures of the battery at different aging stages, and researching the change rule of the thermal runaway characteristic, the coupling relation of the thermal runaway and an aging mechanism and the influence of different aging working conditions on the thermal runaway characteristic of the battery in the whole life cycle based on the thermal runaway test result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy automobile power batteries, and particularly relates to a lithium ion battery aging thermal runaway test method under a time-varying cycle working condition.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high specific energy, high specific power, long service life, no memory effect, environmental protection and the like, is widely applied to electric automobiles, and becomes the preferred type of the power battery of the electric automobiles.
In recent years, with the widespread use of electric vehicles, accidents of spontaneous combustion of electric vehicles have occurred, mainly due to thermal runaway of battery systems. In the using process of the battery, along with the side reactions in the charging and discharging process, the internal components of the battery are gradually aged, the aging phenomena of SEI film thickening, active lithium ion loss, lithium precipitation, current collector corrosion and the like occur, the charging and discharging performance of the battery is further influenced, and meanwhile, the side reaction products also have great influence on the thermal runaway of the battery. When the thermal runaway fault occurs in the battery system, a series of exothermic chain reactions occur in the battery system to cause the temperature of the battery to rise, and when the reactions are out of control, accidents such as smoking, firing and burning can occur to cause personnel and property loss. Safety accidents caused by thermal runaway of battery systems have become one of the key factors that restrict the development of electric vehicles.
Therefore, it is very important and urgent to effectively prevent thermal runaway and to detect thermal runaway in advance and to perform early warning. Researchers have conducted a great deal of research work on thermal runaway and abuse of batteries, however, the cause of occurrence of thermal runaway, which causes a sharp rise in battery temperature, is still unclear. In addition, at present, when a battery thermal runaway test is researched, a new battery is almost adopted as a research object, and thus the obtained research conclusion cannot practically correspond to the thermal runaway problem of the lithium ion battery in the actual use working condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is designed to overcome the problems in the prior art, and aims to provide a lithium ion battery aging thermal runaway test method under a time-varying cycle working condition.
The invention aims to provide a lithium ion battery aging thermal runaway test method under a time-varying cycle working condition, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a lithium ion battery monomer set for testing, wherein the lithium ion battery monomer set for testing comprises a plurality of lithium ion battery monomers with the same type material system;
s2, performing an aging test on each lithium ion battery monomer for test in the selected lithium ion battery monomer set for test according to preset different test temperatures and/or different time-varying cycle working conditions, collecting battery voltage, current and temperature data of the lithium ion battery monomer in the aging test process, simultaneously performing a capacity test, and segmenting the aging test according to a capacity attenuation ratio to obtain an aging lithium ion battery monomer set; wherein the aged lithium ion battery monomer set comprises aged lithium ion battery monomers with different capacity fading ratios;
s3, analyzing the aging test data of the aging lithium ion battery monomer set by using an external characteristic analysis method, and performing quantitative comparative analysis on the attenuation mechanism of the aging lithium ion battery monomer set;
s4, performing a battery thermal runaway test on each aged lithium ion battery monomer in the aged lithium ion battery monomer set by using an adiabatic acceleration calorimeter, and obtaining aged lithium ion battery monomer thermal runaway characteristic temperatures corresponding to different test temperatures and/or different capacity fading ratios according to battery monomer temperature data and temperature rising rate data of each aged lithium ion battery monomer;
s5, obtaining the change rule of the thermal runaway characteristic in the whole life cycle of the lithium ion battery based on the thermal runaway characteristic temperature of the aged lithium ion battery monomer with different test temperatures and/or different capacity fading ratios, analyzing the coupling relation between the thermal runaway and the aging mechanism, and analyzing to obtain the influence of the aging of the lithium ion battery on the thermal runaway characteristic under different test temperatures and/or different time-varying cycle conditions.
Preferably, the method for selecting the lithium ion battery cell set for testing in step S1 includes: and measuring the battery capacity, open-circuit voltage and/or internal resistance of the lithium ion battery monomer for the test, and screening the lithium ion battery monomer for the test with relatively high consistency to form a lithium ion battery monomer set for the test according to the measurement result.
Preferably, the step S2 includes:
s21, discharging the lithium ion battery monomer for the test to 20% of electric quantity according to the selected time-varying cycle working condition;
s22, charging the discharged lithium ion battery monomer for the test to 100% of electric quantity to form a complete cycle working condition;
s23, collecting the voltage, current and temperature data of the lithium ion battery monomer in the complete cycle working condition process, repeating the steps S21 to S22 until the lithium ion battery monomer for the test completes 20 complete cycle working conditions, then carrying out capacity test, and segmenting the aging test according to the capacity attenuation ratio;
and S24, repeating the steps S21 to S23 for a plurality of lithium ion battery monomers for testing to obtain aged lithium ion battery monomers with different attenuation ratios.
Preferably, the performing an aging test on each lithium ion battery cell according to preset different time-varying cycle conditions in step S2 includes: the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting a power battery cycle life test to carry out an aging test on the main discharge working condition and the dynamic stress working condition of the energy type battery for the pure electric passenger vehicle of the related national standard GB/T31484; or aging tests of battery equivalent test conditions converted using a new european test cycle (NEDC), the U.S. federal automotive test standard program (FTP 75), the global light vehicle test cycle (WLTC), the japanese automotive test condition (JC 08), or the chinese condition (CATC).
Preferably, the aging test for each lithium ion battery cell according to the preset different time-varying cycle conditions in step S2 is performed under a selected constant temperature condition, where the selected constant temperature condition is 0 ℃, 25 ℃ or 45 ℃.
Preferably, the different lithium ion battery capacity fading ratios preset in step S2 include a new battery, fading 5%, fading 10%, fading 15%, and fading 20%, so as to divide the battery aging process into five stages.
Preferably, the external characteristic analysis method of the step S3 includes: incremental capacity methods, differential voltage methods, differential thermovoltage methods, and/or electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Preferably, the step S4 includes the steps of:
s41, setting the adiabatic acceleration calorimeter to 25 ℃, and standing an aged lithium ion battery monomer in the experimental environment of the adiabatic acceleration calorimeter at 25 ℃ for at least 24 hours;
s42, heating the aged lithium ion battery monomer, and detecting the temperature and the temperature rise rate of the aged lithium ion battery monomer;
s43, when the temperature rising rate of the aged lithium ion battery monomer is detected to exceed 0.02 ℃/min, judging that the aged lithium ion battery monomer enters a self-heating state, and switching the adiabatic acceleration calorimeter into an adiabatic working mode;
s44, self-heating the aged lithium ion battery monomer in an adiabatic working mode until thermal runaway occurs, ending the test and recording the thermal runaway characteristic temperature of the aged lithium ion battery monomer;
and S45, repeating the steps S41 to S44 for all the residual aged lithium ion battery cells to obtain the thermal runaway characteristic temperatures of the aged lithium ion battery cells corresponding to different capacity fading ratios.
Preferably, in the step S42, the heating manner of the aged lithium ion battery cells is performed in a temperature rise setting of 5 ℃ per temperature rise step and 10 minutes per temperature stabilization duration.
Preferably, the thermal runaway characteristic temperature of the step S45 includes: self-heating temperature, thermal runaway trigger temperature and thermal runaway maximum temperature; the self-heating temperature is the temperature of the battery monomer when the temperature rise rate of the aged lithium ion battery monomer reaches 0.02 ℃/min; the thermal runaway trigger temperature is the temperature of the battery monomer when the temperature rise rate of the aged lithium ion battery monomer reaches 1 ℃/s; the maximum temperature of thermal runaway is the maximum temperature reached by the aged lithium ion battery monomer in the test process.
Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme's beneficial effect to lie in:
by adopting the aging thermal runaway test method for the lithium ion battery under the time-varying cycle working condition, the aging test and the thermal runaway test are carried out under the time-varying cycle working condition, the discharge current or power of the battery in a single cycle dynamically changes along with time, and the charge representing energy feedback exists in the cycle, so that the actual use working condition of the battery on an actual vehicle can be better simulated; the thermal runaway test is carried out by adopting the batteries at different aging stages, so that the thermal runaway characteristic change rule of the batteries in the whole life cycle can be researched. The difference of thermal runaway change rules of the battery in the whole life cycle can be compared under different time-varying cycle working conditions; the invention realizes the difference research of the thermal runaway characteristics of the batteries with the same material system, different time-varying cycle working conditions and different aging stages, and can also carry out the difference research of the thermal runaway characteristics of the batteries with different material systems under the same time-varying cycle working conditions and the same aging stages; the invention relates the aging mechanism and the thermal runaway characteristic of the battery under different time-varying cycle working conditions, and can analyze the coupling relation between the aging rule and the thermal runaway change rule in the whole life cycle of the battery.
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
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Some specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter, by way of illustration and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in the drawings identify the same or similar elements or components. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. The objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent in view of the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for testing aging thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery under a time-varying cycle condition according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for testing aging thermal runaway of a lithium ion battery under a time-varying cycle condition of the embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
s1, selecting a lithium ion battery monomer set for test, including measuring the battery capacity, open-circuit voltage and/or internal resistance of the lithium ion battery monomer for test, and screening out the lithium ion battery monomer set for test with relatively high consistency, namely, the lithium ion battery monomer set for test with better consistency of measured values; the lithium ion battery monomer set for the test comprises a plurality of lithium ion battery monomers with the same type material system. That is to say, before the time-varying cycle working condition battery aging thermal runaway test is carried out, firstly, the battery with high consistency is screened out by measuring parameters such as the capacity, the open-circuit voltage and the internal resistance of the battery, so as to increase the comparability and the reliability of the test, because the aging thermal runaway tests of different working conditions cannot be completed on the same lithium ion battery monomer.
S2, carrying out aging tests on each lithium ion battery monomer in the selected lithium ion battery monomer set for the test according to preset different test temperatures and/or different time-varying cycle working conditions, collecting battery voltage, current and temperature data of the lithium ion battery monomer in the aging test process, simultaneously carrying out capacity tests, and segmenting the aging tests according to capacity attenuation ratios to obtain an aged lithium ion battery monomer set; for example, the step is to perform an aging test of the battery under a selected time-varying cycle condition until the available capacity of the battery is attenuated to 80% of the initial available capacity, perform a capacity test after the battery is subjected to a certain number of time-varying cycle conditions, and segment the aging test according to a capacity attenuation ratio; further preferably, the method specifically comprises the following steps: s21, discharging the lithium ion battery monomer for the test to 20% of electric quantity according to the selected time-varying cycle working condition, wherein the selectable time-varying cycle working condition comprises an aging test of the main discharge working condition and the dynamic stress working condition (DST working condition) of the energy type battery for the pure electric passenger vehicle adopting the power battery cycle life test related national standard GB/T31484, or an aging test of the battery equivalent test working condition converted from a new European test cycle (NEDC), a United states Federal vehicle test standard program (FTP 75), a global light vehicle test cycle (WLTC), a Japanese motor vehicle test working condition (JC 08) or a Chinese working condition (CATC), and the aging test of the time-varying cycle working condition is carried out under the selected constant temperature condition state, wherein the selected constant temperature condition can be 0 ℃, 25 ℃ and/or 45 ℃; s22, charging the discharged lithium ion battery monomer for the test to 100% of electric quantity to form a complete cycle working condition; s23, collecting voltage, current and temperature data of the lithium ion battery monomer in the aging test process, repeating the steps S21 and S22 until the lithium ion battery monomer for the test completes 20 complete cycle working conditions, wherein the lithium ion battery monomer has undergone a certain number of cycle working conditions, then carrying out capacity test, and segmenting the aging test according to the capacity attenuation ratio; s24, repeating the steps S21 to S23 for a plurality of lithium ion battery monomers for testing to obtain aged lithium ion battery monomers with different attenuation ratios, wherein the optimized different lithium ion battery capacity attenuation ratios comprise a new battery, 5% attenuation, 10% attenuation, 15% attenuation and 20% attenuation, and the battery aging process is divided into five stages; wherein the aged lithium ion battery cell set comprises aged lithium ion battery cells with different capacity fading ratios. The new battery is a commercial battery which is subjected to formation before delivery, can be normally used and is only subjected to consistency screening. In the aging test of the time-varying cycle working condition of the lithium ion battery, when the SOC of the battery is reduced to 20%, the discharging cycle is completed, the battery is charged, a standard constant-current constant-voltage charging mode is adopted for charging, and the battery charging is completed when the charging current is reduced to 0.05C. After the battery finishes 20 complete charge-discharge cycles (namely the SOC of the battery is reduced to 20%), a primary battery capacity, open-circuit voltage, internal resistance and other basic parameter test tests are carried out.
And S3, quantitatively comparing and analyzing the attenuation mechanism of the aging lithium ion battery monomer set battery by using an external characteristic analysis method, wherein the external characteristic analysis method comprises the step of analyzing aging test data by using an incremental capacity method, a differential voltage method, a differential thermal voltage method and/or an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method. That is, after the aging test of the lithium ion battery under the time-varying cycle condition is completed, based on the external characteristic data of the battery obtained by the test, quantitative analysis of the aging behavior of the battery at different aging stages is performed by using a method such as an incremental capacity method, a differential voltage method, a differential thermal voltage method, an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method and the like, and the capacity loss mechanism (i.e., the decay mechanism) of the lithium ion battery under the time-varying cycle condition at different temperatures is presumed.
S4, using an adiabatic acceleration calorimeter (Accelerating Rate calibration-ARC) to perform a battery thermal runaway test on each lithium ion battery cell for test in the aged lithium ion battery cell set, and obtaining the aged lithium ion battery cell thermal runaway characteristic temperatures corresponding to different test temperatures and/or different capacity fading ratios according to the battery cell temperature data and the temperature rising Rate data of the aged lithium ion battery cells. Namely, test cells in different aging stages are extracted, and a thermal runaway test of the cells is carried out in the ARC to obtain the thermal runaway characteristic temperatures of the cells in different aging stages. Preferably, the method specifically comprises the following steps: s41, setting the adiabatic acceleration calorimeter to 25 ℃, and standing an aged lithium ion battery monomer in the experimental environment of the adiabatic acceleration calorimeter at 25 ℃ for at least 24 hours; s42, heating the aged lithium ion battery monomer by a heating setting with the temperature rise step length of 5 ℃ and the stable duration time of each temperature step length of 10 minutes, and detecting the temperature and the temperature rise rate of the aged lithium ion battery monomer; s43, when the temperature rising rate of the aged lithium ion battery monomer is detected to exceed 0.02 ℃/min, the aged lithium ion battery monomer is judged to enter a self-heating state, and the adiabatic acceleration calorimeter is switched into an adiabatic working mode; s44, self-heating the aged lithium ion battery monomer in an adiabatic working mode until thermal runaway occurs, ending the test and recording the thermal runaway characteristic temperature of the aged lithium ion battery monomer; s45, repeating the steps S41 to S44 for all the residual aged lithium ion battery monomers to obtain the thermal runaway characteristic temperature of the aged lithium ion battery monomers corresponding to different discharge capacity decay ratios of the lithium ion batteries; preferably, the battery is in a fully charged state while a thermal runaway test is performed within 1 hour after completion of charging. Wherein the thermal runaway characteristic temperature comprises a self-heating temperature, a thermal runaway trigger temperature and a thermal runaway maximum temperature; the self-heating temperature is the temperature of the battery monomer when the temperature rise rate of the aged lithium ion battery monomer reaches 0.02 ℃/min; the thermal runaway trigger temperature is the temperature of the battery monomer when the temperature rise rate of the aged lithium ion battery monomer reaches 1 ℃/s; the maximum temperature of thermal runaway is the maximum temperature reached by the aged lithium ion battery monomer in the test process. In order to record the temperature data of the battery, the temperature sensor can be preferably arranged at the geometric center position of the battery parallel to the large plane of the polar plate and/or the battery tab position for the square battery or the soft package battery, and the temperature sensor can be preferably arranged at the high center point of the outer cylindrical surface of the battery for the cylindrical battery; preferably, during the thermal runaway test, test data such as time, battery temperature, temperature rise rate and pressure can also be recorded.
And S5, summarizing the change rule of the thermal runaway characteristic in the whole life cycle of the lithium ion battery based on the thermal runaway characteristic temperatures of the aged lithium ion battery monomers with different test temperatures and/or different capacity fading ratios, analyzing the coupling relation between the thermal runaway and the aging mechanism, and analyzing to obtain the influence of different test temperatures and/or different time-varying cycle working conditions on the thermal runaway characteristic of the lithium ion battery.
Based on the thermal runaway test data and the aging mechanism analysis results of the aging battery under different environmental temperatures and different time-varying cycle conditions, the change rule of the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery in the whole life cycle and the influence of different aging conditions on the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery are researched, the coupling relation analysis of the thermal runaway and the aging mechanism is carried out, and a thermal runaway model of the aging lithium ion battery in the whole life cycle under the time-varying cycle conditions is established. Meanwhile, the difference research of the thermal runaway characteristics of batteries of different material systems under the same time-varying cycle working condition and the same aging stage can be carried out, and support is provided for better prediction and protection of the thermal runaway of the batteries in the whole life cycle.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, and the principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein by using specific examples, and the descriptions of the embodiments are only used to help understanding the principles of the embodiments of the present invention; meanwhile, the detailed description and the application scope of the embodiments according to the present invention may be changed by those skilled in the art, and in summary, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A lithium ion battery aging thermal runaway test method under a time-varying cycle working condition is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting a lithium ion battery monomer set for testing, wherein the lithium ion battery monomer set for testing comprises a plurality of lithium ion battery monomers with the same type material system;
s2, performing an aging test on each lithium ion battery monomer for test in the selected lithium ion battery monomer set for test according to preset different test temperatures and/or different time-varying cycle working conditions, collecting battery voltage, current and temperature data of the lithium ion battery monomer in the aging test process, simultaneously performing a capacity test, and segmenting the aging test according to a capacity attenuation ratio to obtain an aging lithium ion battery monomer set; wherein the aged lithium ion battery monomer set comprises aged lithium ion battery monomers with different capacity fading ratios;
s3, analyzing the aging test data of the aging lithium ion battery monomer set by using an external characteristic analysis method, and performing quantitative comparative analysis on the attenuation mechanism of the aging lithium ion battery monomer set;
s4, performing a battery thermal runaway test on each aged lithium ion battery monomer in the aged lithium ion battery monomer set by using an adiabatic acceleration calorimeter, and obtaining aged lithium ion battery monomer thermal runaway characteristic temperatures corresponding to different test temperatures and/or different capacity fading ratios according to battery monomer temperature data and temperature rising rate data of each aged lithium ion battery monomer;
s5, obtaining the change rule of the thermal runaway characteristic in the whole life cycle of the lithium ion battery based on the thermal runaway characteristic temperature of the aged lithium ion battery monomer with different test temperatures and/or different capacity fading ratios, analyzing the coupling relation between the thermal runaway and the aging mechanism, and analyzing to obtain the influence of the aging of the lithium ion battery on the thermal runaway characteristic under different test temperatures and/or different time-varying cycle conditions.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 of selecting the lithium ion battery cell set for testing comprises: and measuring the battery capacity, open-circuit voltage and/or internal resistance of the lithium ion battery monomer for the test, and screening the lithium ion battery monomer for the test with relatively high consistency to form a lithium ion battery monomer set for the test according to the measurement result.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 includes:
s21, discharging the lithium ion battery monomer for the test to 20% of electric quantity according to the selected time-varying cycle working condition;
s22, charging the discharged lithium ion battery monomer for the test to 100% of electric quantity to form a complete cycle working condition;
s23, collecting the voltage, current and temperature data of the lithium ion battery monomer in the complete cycle working condition process, repeating the steps S21 to S22 until the lithium ion battery monomer for the test finishes 20 complete cycle working conditions, then carrying out capacity test, and segmenting the aging test according to the capacity attenuation ratio;
and S24, repeating the steps S21 to S23 for a plurality of lithium ion battery monomers for testing to obtain aged lithium ion battery monomers with different attenuation ratios.
4. The aging thermal runaway test method for the lithium ion battery under the time-varying cycle working condition according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S2 of performing an aging test for each lithium ion battery cell according to preset different time-varying cycle conditions includes: the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting a power battery cycle life test to carry out an aging test on the main discharge working condition and the dynamic stress working condition of the energy type battery for the pure electric passenger vehicle of the related national standard GB/T31484; or aging tests of battery equivalent test conditions converted using a new european test cycle (NEDC), the U.S. federal automotive test standard program (FTP 75), the global light vehicle test cycle (WLTC), the japanese automotive test condition (JC 08), or the chinese condition (CATC).
5. The aging thermal runaway test method for the lithium ion battery under the time-varying cycle working condition according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S2, the aging test for each lithium ion battery cell is performed under a selected constant temperature condition according to different preset time-varying cycle conditions, where the selected constant temperature condition is 0 ℃, 25 ℃, or 45 ℃.
6. The aging thermal runaway test method for the lithium ion battery under the time-varying cycle working condition according to claim 1, characterized in that: the different capacity fading ratios in the step S2 include a new battery, fading 5%, fading 10%, fading 15%, and fading 20%, so that the battery aging process is divided into five stages.
7. The aging thermal runaway test method for the lithium ion battery under the time-varying cycle working condition according to claim 1, characterized in that: the external characteristic analysis method of the step S3 includes: incremental capacity methods, differential voltage methods, differential thermovoltage methods, and/or electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
8. The method for testing aging thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery under the time-varying cycle working condition of claim 1, wherein the step S4 comprises the following steps:
s41, setting the adiabatic acceleration calorimeter to 25 ℃, and standing an aged lithium ion battery monomer in the experimental environment of the adiabatic acceleration calorimeter at 25 ℃ for at least 24 hours;
s42, heating the aged lithium ion battery monomer, and detecting the temperature and the temperature rise rate of the aged lithium ion battery monomer;
s43, when the temperature rising rate of the aged lithium ion battery monomer is detected to exceed 0.02 ℃/min, judging that the aged lithium ion battery monomer enters a self-heating state, and switching the adiabatic acceleration calorimeter into an adiabatic working mode;
s44, self-heating the aged lithium ion battery monomer in an adiabatic working mode until thermal runaway occurs, ending the test and recording the thermal runaway characteristic temperature of the aged lithium ion battery monomer;
and S45, repeating the steps S41 to S44 for all the residual aged lithium ion battery cells to obtain the thermal runaway characteristic temperatures of the aged lithium ion battery cells corresponding to different capacity fading ratios.
9. The aging thermal runaway test method for the lithium ion battery under the time-varying cycle working condition according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the step S42, the heating mode for the aged lithium ion battery cells is performed by a temperature rise setting of a temperature rise step of 5 ℃ and a temperature stabilization duration per step of 10 minutes.
10. The aging thermal runaway test method for the lithium ion battery under the time-varying cycle working condition according to claim 8, characterized in that: the thermal runaway characteristic temperature of the step S45 includes: self-heating temperature, thermal runaway trigger temperature and thermal runaway maximum temperature; the self-heating temperature is the temperature of the battery monomer when the temperature rise rate of the aged lithium ion battery monomer reaches 0.02 ℃/min; the thermal runaway trigger temperature is the temperature of the battery monomer when the temperature rise rate of the aged lithium ion battery monomer reaches 1 ℃/s; the maximum temperature of thermal runaway is the maximum temperature reached by the aged lithium ion battery monomer in the test process.
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Application publication date: 20201023 |