CN115902090A - Fire spreading experiment platform - Google Patents
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- CN115902090A CN115902090A CN202211674211.4A CN202211674211A CN115902090A CN 115902090 A CN115902090 A CN 115902090A CN 202211674211 A CN202211674211 A CN 202211674211A CN 115902090 A CN115902090 A CN 115902090A
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Abstract
The application discloses a fire spreading experiment platform, which comprises a semi-open type combustion chamber, an air supply system and an exhaust system; the gas supply system is used for setting the composition of the gas in the semi-open type combustion chamber and the initial concentration of each gas in the composition based on the requirement of a fire spread experiment so that the semi-open type combustion chamber is in a target environment; the semi-open type combustion chamber is used for providing a laboratory site of the fire spread experiment, and the fire spread experiment is carried out in the target environment; the exhaust system is used for adjusting the exhaust volume and discharging combustion tail gas generated in the fire spread experiment; the gas supply system is also used for adjusting the supply flow of each gas in the composition components based on the combustion tail gas of the exhaust system; the exhaust system is also used for cooperating with the gas supply system to maintain the semi-open combustion chamber in a constant gas pressure state or control the concentration of each gas in the composition in the fire spreading experiment.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fire spread, in particular to a fire spread experiment platform.
Background
The surface fire spreading refers to a flame moving process generated near a cracking area on the surface of solid or liquid combustible, in the research of the prior art, the surface fire spreading phenomenon of the combustible under normal pressure is generally researched, and meanwhile, in order to prevent the oxygen concentration of the environment from changing too much, experiments need to be carried out in an open environment. However, in practical situations, fire spread on the surface of the combustible often occurs in a complex gas environment, for example, a fire breaks out in a closed room, the oxygen concentration at the initial burning moment of the combustible is the oxygen concentration under the atmospheric pressure, but when the fire develops to a certain extent, fire spread on the surface of the combustible actually occurs in a smoke environment with a certain concentration, namely a gas environment with low oxygen and high carbon dioxide.
Therefore, the prior art can not scientifically and reasonably research the phenomenon of fire spreading on the surface of the combustible material in the complex gas environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a fire spreading experiment platform, can adjust gaseous initial concentration under the invariable condition of ambient pressure to the initial concentration of control gas does not change along with the fire spreading process, can be used to study the special phenomenon that combustible substance surface fire spreads in the complicated gaseous environment.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a fire spread experiment platform, comprising: the device comprises a semi-open type combustion chamber, an air supply system and an exhaust system;
the gas supply system is used for setting the composition of the gas in the semi-open type combustion chamber and the initial concentration of each gas in the composition based on the requirement of a fire spread experiment so that the semi-open type combustion chamber is in a target environment;
the semi-open type combustion chamber is used for providing a laboratory site of the fire spread experiment, and the fire spread experiment is carried out in the target environment;
the exhaust system is used for adjusting the exhaust volume and discharging combustion tail gas generated in the fire spread experiment;
the gas supply system is also used for adjusting the supply flow of each gas in the composition components based on the combustion tail gas of the exhaust system;
the exhaust system is also used for cooperating with the gas supply system to maintain the semi-open combustion chamber in a constant gas pressure state or control the concentration of each gas in the composition in the fire spreading experiment.
Optionally, the semi-open combustor comprises a combustor frame, an ambient gas wake fairing assembly, a surface fire propagating combustion pool, a glass sight glass window and an air inlet pipe;
the top of semi-open combustion chamber is connected exhaust system, the side of combustion chamber frame is fixed with the glass observation window, ambient gas companion flow rectification subassembly is fixed the bottom of combustion chamber frame, ambient gas companion flow rectification subassembly's bottom has the inlet port, surface fire spreads the burning pond and arranges in ambient gas companion flow rectification subassembly's upper surface, and is a plurality of the intake pipe is respectively with a plurality of the inlet port corresponds the connection, ambient gas companion flow rectification subassembly still passes through the intake pipe with gas supply system connects.
Optionally, the surface fire spreading combustion pool is used for placing combustible materials, the size of the surface fire spreading combustion pool is changed according to the requirement of the fire spreading experiment, the surface fire spreading combustion pool is not fixedly connected with the semi-open type combustion chamber, and the width of the surface fire spreading combustion pool is not more than one tenth of the width of the semi-open type combustion chamber.
Optionally, the ambient gas wake flow rectification assembly is used for rectifying the gas passing through the gas inlet hole, so that the gas is uniformly dispersed in the semi-open combustion chamber, the ambient gas wake flow rectification assembly comprises a dispersion layer and a rectification layer, the dispersion layer is made of ceramic balls, glass beads or foam metal, and the rectification layer is made of metal honeycomb or porous plates.
Optionally, the gas supply system comprises at least one gas supply assembly and a gas mixer, each gas supply assembly of the at least one gas supply assembly comprises a gas cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, a one-way valve and a gas mass flow controller, and the at least one gas supply assembly is connected with the gas mixer;
the gas cylinder is connected with the pressure reducing valve, the pressure reducing valve is connected with the one-way valve, the one-way valve is connected with the gas mass flow controller, and the gas supply system is connected with an ambient gas wake flow rectification assembly of the semi-open type combustion chamber through a gas inlet pipe;
the gas cylinders in the at least one gas supply assembly are used for providing each gas in the composition components, and the mass flow controllers in the at least one gas supply assembly are used for regulating the supply flow of each gas in the composition components.
Optionally, the exhaust system includes a gas collecting hood, an exhaust fan and an air duct; the gas-collecting hood is positioned right above the semi-open type combustion chamber, and the gas-collecting hood is connected with the exhaust fan through the air pipe.
Optionally, the fire spreading experiment platform further comprises: an ignition control system;
the ignition control system is used for controlling ignition to ignite combustible substances in the semi-open type combustion chamber.
Optionally, the ignition control system comprises an electric ignition head, a controller and a power source;
the electric ignition head is positioned in the semi-open type combustion chamber, the controller is connected with the power supply, and the controller is used for controlling the electric ignition head to fire or shut off fire.
Optionally, the fire spread experiment platform further comprises: a data acquisition system;
and the data acquisition system is used for acquiring experimental data of the fire spreading experiment.
Optionally, the data acquisition system comprises an image acquisition system, a mass change measurement system, a temperature measurement system, and a gas concentration measurement system;
the image acquisition system is used for acquiring a flame image of the semi-open type combustion chamber for the fire spread experiment;
the mass change measuring system comprises a balance and an I-shaped support frame, wherein the I-shaped support frame penetrates through a surface fire spreading combustion pool in the semi-open type combustion chamber and an ambient gas wake flow rectifying assembly in the semi-open type combustion chamber to be connected with the balance;
the temperature measuring system comprises a thermocouple and a thermocouple bracket, wherein the thermocouple is used for measuring the combustion temperature of combustible materials;
the gas concentration measurement system comprises at least one gas concentration sensor, each of which is used for monitoring the concentration of corresponding gas.
Therefore, the application has the following beneficial effects:
the application provides a fire spreading experiment platform, including: the device comprises a semi-open type combustion chamber, an air supply system and an exhaust system; the gas supply system is used for setting the composition of the gas in the semi-open type combustion chamber and the initial concentration of each gas in the composition based on the requirement of a fire spread experiment so that the semi-open type combustion chamber is in a target environment; the semi-open type combustion chamber is used for providing a test site of the fire spread test, and the fire spread test is implemented in the target environment; the exhaust system is used for adjusting the exhaust air volume and discharging combustion tail gas generated in the fire spreading experiment; the gas supply system is also used for adjusting the supply flow of each gas in the composition components based on the combustion tail gas of the exhaust system; the exhaust system is also used for cooperating with the gas supply system to maintain the semi-open combustion chamber in a constant gas pressure state or control the concentration of each gas in the composition in the fire spreading experiment. As such, the composition of the gases in the semi-open combustion chamber and the initial concentrations of each of the gases in the composition are set based on the requirements of a fire spread experiment; under the combined action of a gas supply system and a gas exhaust system in a fire spread experiment platform, a semi-open type combustion chamber of the fire spread experiment platform is maintained to be in a constant gas pressure state, and the concentration of each gas in the components in the fire spread experiment is controlled, so that the concentration of each gas is not changed along with the fire spread process, and the method can be used for researching the phenomenon of fire spread on the surface of combustible materials in a complex gas environment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art according to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fire spread experimental platform 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a semi-open type combustor 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the ambient gas wake fairing assembly 12 in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the bottom surface of the ambient air wake fairing assembly 12 in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the air supply system 2 in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an exhaust system 3 according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the ignition control system 4 and the data acquisition system 5 in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart of a fire spread experiment method in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present application relate to a plurality of numbers greater than or equal to two. It should be noted that, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or order.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present application.
In the prior art, the fire spreading phenomenon on the surface of combustible materials under normal pressure is generally researched, and meanwhile, in order to prevent the oxygen concentration of the environment from changing too much, experiments need to be carried out in an open environment. However, in practical situations, the fire spread on the surface of the combustible often occurs in a complex gas environment, for example, a fire occurs in a closed room, the oxygen concentration at the initial burning time of the combustible is the oxygen concentration under the atmospheric pressure, but when the fire develops to a certain extent, the fire spread on the surface of the combustible actually occurs in a smoke environment with a certain concentration, i.e., a gas environment with low oxygen and high carbon dioxide, and for example, a plateau railway train or a space ship is generally an oxygen-rich environment, i.e., the fire spread on the surface of the combustible occurs in a gas environment with high oxygen. Therefore, the prior art cannot scientifically and reasonably research the phenomenon of fire spreading on the surface of the combustible material in a complex gas environment.
Based on this, this application embodiment provides a fire spreading experiment platform, and this fire spreading experiment platform includes: the device comprises a semi-open type combustion chamber, an air supply system and an exhaust system; the gas supply system is used for setting the composition of the gas in the semi-open type combustion chamber and the initial concentration of each gas in the composition based on the requirement of a fire spread experiment so that the semi-open type combustion chamber is in a target environment; the semi-open type combustion chamber is used for providing a laboratory site of the fire spread experiment, and the fire spread experiment is carried out in the target environment; the exhaust system is used for adjusting the exhaust volume and discharging combustion tail gas generated in the fire spread experiment; the gas supply system is also used for adjusting the supply flow of each gas in the composition components based on the combustion tail gas of the exhaust system; the exhaust system is also used for cooperating with the gas supply system to maintain the semi-open combustion chamber in a constant gas pressure state or control the concentration of each gas in the composition in the fire spreading experiment. As such, researchers set the composition of the gases in the semi-open combustor and the initial concentrations of each of the gases in the composition based on the needs of a fire spread experiment; under the combined action of an air supply system and an air exhaust system in a fire spreading experiment platform, a semi-open type combustion chamber of the fire spreading experiment platform is maintained in a constant air pressure state, and the concentration of each gas in the components in the fire spreading experiment is controlled, so that the concentration of each gas is not changed along with the fire spreading process, and a worker can scientifically research the phenomenon of fire spreading on the surface of combustible materials in a complex gas environment on the basis of stability and controllability.
To facilitate understanding of a specific implementation of the fire spread experimental platform 100 provided in the embodiments of the present application, the following description is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fire spreading test platform 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where the fire spreading test platform 100 may include: a semi-open type combustion chamber 1, an air supply system 2 and an exhaust system 3;
the gas supply system 2 is used for setting the composition of the gas in the semi-open type combustion chamber 1 and the initial concentration of each gas in the composition based on the requirement of a fire spread experiment, so that the semi-open type combustion chamber 1 is in a target environment; the semi-open type combustion chamber 1 is used for providing a laboratory site of the fire spread experiment, and the fire spread experiment is carried out in the target environment; the exhaust system 3 is used for adjusting the exhaust air volume and exhausting combustion tail gas generated in the fire spreading experiment; the gas supply system 2 is further configured to adjust supply flow rates of respective gases in the composition components based on the combustion exhaust gas of the exhaust system 3; the exhaust system 3 is further configured to cooperate with the gas supply system 2 to maintain the semi-open combustion chamber 1 at a constant gas pressure or to control the concentration of each gas in the composition in the fire spreading test.
It is noted that the composition of the target environment varies with the requirements of the fire spread test, and the concentration of each gas in the composition ranges from 0% (without the gas) to 100% (pure gas); the concentration of each gas may be adjusted based on the requirement of a subsequent fire spreading experiment, and the concentration of each gas in the fire spreading experiment may also be maintained at an initial concentration standard, that is, the initial concentration of the gas is adjustable and does not change with the change of the fire spreading process, where the platform 100 for fire spreading experiment may further include: an ignition control system 4 and a data acquisition system 5;
the ignition control system 4 is used for controlling ignition to ignite combustible materials in the semi-open type combustion chamber 1; and the data acquisition system 5 is used for acquiring experimental data of the fire spreading experiment.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a semi-open type combustion chamber 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where the semi-open type combustion chamber 1 may include a combustion chamber frame 11, an ambient gas wake flow rectification assembly 12, a surface fire spreading combustion pool 13, a glass observation window 14, and an air inlet pipe 15;
the top of semi open type combustion chamber 1 is connected exhaust system 3, the side of combustion chamber frame 11 is fixed with glass observation window 14, ambient gas wake flow rectification subassembly 12 is fixed the bottom of combustion chamber frame 11, the bottom of ambient gas wake flow rectification subassembly 12 has the inlet port, surface fire spreads combustion chamber 13 and arranges in the upper surface of ambient gas wake flow rectification subassembly 12 is a plurality of intake pipe 15 is respectively with a plurality of the inlet port corresponds and is connected, ambient gas wake flow rectification subassembly 12 still passes through the intake pipe 15 with gas supply system 2 connects.
It should be noted that the surface fire-spreading combustion pool 13 may be disposed at the center of the upper surface of the ambient gas wake flow rectification assembly 12, and the material of the combustion chamber frame 11 may be an aluminum profile, or may be other materials capable of withstanding a fire-spreading experiment, without affecting the implementation of the embodiment of the present application.
The surface fire spreading combustion pool 13 is used for placing combustible materials, the combustible materials can be solid combustible materials or liquid combustible materials, the size of the surface fire spreading combustion pool 13 is changed according to the requirements of the fire spreading experiment, the surface fire spreading combustion pool 13 is not fixedly connected with the semi-open type combustion chamber 1, and the width of the surface fire spreading combustion pool 13 is not more than one tenth of the width of the semi-open type combustion chamber 1.
The ambient gas wake flow rectification component 12 is used for rectifying the gas passing through the gas inlet hole, so that the gas is uniformly dispersed in the semi-open type combustion chamber 1, the ambient gas wake flow rectification component 12 comprises a dispersion layer and a rectification layer, the material used by the dispersion layer comprises ceramic balls, glass beads or foam metal, and the material used by the rectification layer comprises a metal honeycomb or a porous plate.
The material used in the dispersion layer is a high-dispersion material, and includes a certain number of ceramic balls, glass beads or foam metal with a certain thickness, and the material used in the rectification layer includes a metal honeycomb or porous plate with a certain thickness.
As an example, the ambient gas wake fairing assembly 12 includes two dispersion layers and two fairing layers, as shown in FIG. 3, and FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the ambient gas wake fairing assembly 12 in the semi-open combustor 1 according to the embodiment of the present application. The bottom of the ambient gas wake flow rectification component 12 is provided with a plurality of 10 millimeter (mm) diameter (hereinafter indicated by phi) air inlet holes 121, the bottom center of the ambient gas wake flow rectification component 12 is provided with a phi 15mm hole 122, the ambient gas wake flow rectification component 12 comprises two stages of dispersion layers and two stages of rectification layers, the two stages of dispersion layers are respectively phi 5mm glass beads 123 and foam copper 124, and the two stages of rectification layers are respectively aluminum honeycombs 125 and porous plates 126. After passing through the ambient gas wake flow rectification assembly 12, the gas can be uniformly dispersed on the bottom surface of the semi-open type combustion chamber 1 and then vertically and upwardly diffused to the whole semi-open type combustion chamber 1 at a speed which does not influence the fire spreading experiment process.
In some implementations, the bottom of the ambient gas wake fairing assembly 12 has a plurality of 10mm inlet holes 121 distributed in a certain proportion. As shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the bottom surface of the ambient gas accompanying rectification assembly 12 according to an embodiment of the present invention, a hole 122 with a diameter of 15mm is disposed at a central position of the bottom surface of the ambient gas accompanying rectification assembly 12, the bottom surface of the ambient gas accompanying rectification assembly 12 is divided into 36 square areas equally according to area, and an air inlet hole 121 is disposed at the center of each square area.
It should be noted that the diameter of the air inlet holes 121, the diameter of the holes 122, and the distribution of the air inlet holes 121 at the bottom of the ambient air wake flow rectification assembly 12 provided in the embodiments of the present application are only illustrated by way of example, and any number of modifications and decorations based on the embodiments of the present application should be considered as the protection scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas supply system 2 according to an embodiment of the present application, where the gas supply system 2 includes at least one gas supply module and a gas mixer 26, each gas supply module of the at least one gas supply module includes a gas cylinder 22, a pressure reducing valve 23, a check valve 24 and a gas mass flow controller 25, and the at least one gas supply module is connected to the gas mixer 26;
the gas bottle 22 is connected with the pressure reducing valve 23, the pressure reducing valve 23 is connected with the one-way valve 24, the one-way valve 24 is connected with the gas mass flow controller 25, and the gas supply system 2 is connected with the ambient gas wake flow rectification assembly 12 of the semi-open type combustion chamber 1 through the gas inlet pipe 21; in some implementations, to improve the uniformity of the gas mixing, the gas mixer 26 provided in the embodiments of the present application is filled with a plurality of glass beads, which may be 5mm glass beads.
The gas cylinders 22 in the at least one gas supply assembly are used to supply each gas in the composition, and the mass flow controllers 25 in the at least one gas supply assembly are used to regulate the supply flow of each gas in the composition.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an exhaust system 3 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where the exhaust system 3 includes a gas collecting hood 31, an exhaust fan 32, and an air duct 33; the gas collecting channel 31 is located right above the semi-open combustion chamber 1, and the gas collecting channel 31 is connected with the exhaust fan 32 through the air pipe 33.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an ignition control system 4 and a data acquisition system 5 according to an embodiment of the present application.
The ignition control system 4 includes an electric ignition head 41, a controller 42, and a power supply 43; the electric ignition head 41 is located inside the semi-open type combustion chamber 1, the controller 42 is connected with the power supply 43, and the controller 42 is used for controlling the electric ignition head 41 to fire or shut off.
The data acquisition system 5 comprises an image acquisition system, a mass change measurement system, a temperature measurement system and a gas concentration measurement system;
the image acquisition system comprises an image acquisition device 51, which is used for acquiring flame images of the semi-open combustion chamber 1 for the fire spread experiment, wherein the image acquisition device 51 can be a high-speed camera or other image acquisition devices for acquiring the flame images in the fire spread experiment;
the mass change measuring system comprises a balance 52 and an I-shaped support 53, wherein the I-shaped support 53 penetrates through the surface fire spreading combustion pool 13 in the semi-open type combustion chamber 1 and the ambient gas wake flow rectification assembly 12 in the semi-open type combustion chamber 1 to be connected with the balance 52;
the temperature measuring system comprises a thermocouple 55 and a thermocouple support 54, wherein the thermocouple 55 is used for measuring the combustion temperature of combustible materials;
the gas concentration measurement system comprises at least one gas concentration sensor, and each sensor in the at least one gas concentration sensor is used for monitoring the concentration of corresponding gas.
The number of the gas concentration sensors can be increased according to the gas composition of a target environment required by a fire spreading experiment, in some implementation modes, the temperature measurement system further comprises an acquisition module 56, and the acquisition module 56 is connected with the thermocouple 55 and is used for acquiring the measured combustion temperature of the combustible; the gas concentration measuring system further comprises an acquisition module 56, wherein the gas concentration sensor comprises an oxygen concentration sensor 57 and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor 58, the oxygen concentration sensor 57 is used for monitoring the oxygen concentration in the semi-open type combustion chamber 1, and the carbon dioxide concentration sensor 58 is used for monitoring the carbon dioxide concentration in the semi-open type combustion chamber 1; the oxygen concentration sensor 57 and the carbon dioxide concentration sensor 58 are connected to an acquisition module 56, and the acquisition module 56 may reside in a terminal device such as a computer, through which the oxygen concentration or the carbon dioxide concentration acquired by the acquisition module 56 can be displayed. The acquisition module 56 may be, for example, the NI acquisition module 56 illustrated in fig. 7.
The fire spreading experiment platform constructed in the embodiment of the application can be used for designing and researching the fire spreading phenomenon on the surface of combustible materials in any environment, and is not limited by the gas components and the gas concentrations of a target environment, the type of the combustible materials and the sizes of a semi-open type combustion chamber and a surface fire spreading combustion pool. Therefore, through the fire spreading experiment platform provided by the embodiment of the application, the problem that the gas composition and concentration in a combustion area are changed due to the fact that oxygen is consumed in fuel combustion and tail gas is generated in the experiment process is solved.
In order to make the fire spreading experiment platform described in the embodiment of the present application clearer and easier to understand, a specific use scenario is specifically described below with reference to fig. 8.
S801: the combustibles to be subjected to the fire spread test are selected based on the requirements of the fire spread test, and the composition of the gases in the semi-open combustion chamber 1 and the initial concentrations of each of the gases in the composition are set.
S802: the rate of mass change in the surface fire-spreading fire pit 13 is obtained.
S803: and calculating the oxygen consumption rate and the waste gas generation rate of the combustible material surface fire spread time based on the total chemical reaction formula.
S804: the initial supply flow rate of each gas in the composition of the gas in the semi-open combustor 1 in the gas supply system 2 is calculated.
S805: a plurality of gas mass flow controllers 25 in the gas supply system 2 are feedback controlled in conjunction with the gas concentration data collected by the gas concentration measurement system.
It should be noted that, since the gas components and combustibles for performing the fire spread experiment are difficult to enumerate and exhaust, in the embodiment of the present application, it is assumed that the gas components of the target environment include oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide, and the target concentrations (volume fractions) of the three gases are X respectively O2 、X N2 And X CO2 And X O2 +X N2 +X CO2 And =1. It is assumed that the average molecular formula of the combustibles selected can be expressed as C x H y O z N w Wherein x is the number of carbon atoms, y is the number of hydrogen atoms, z is the number of oxygen atoms, w is the number of nitrogen atoms, andignoring the nitrogen oxides produced by the combustion process, the overall chemical reaction equation can be written as:
wherein β = (X + y/4-z/2)/X O2 。
1 mol (mol) of combustible C x H y O z N w The amount of oxygen consumed for combustion net in the set target environment is beta
The amount of nitrogen gas generated net is w/2mol, and the amount of carbon dioxide generated net is xmol. In the fire spread experiment process, the quality change of the combustible can be monitored through the quality change measuring system, the quality loss rate of the combustible in the fire spread experiment process is obtained, and when the quality loss rate of the combustible is ^ or>
When the rate of consumption of the net oxygen volume due to combustion->
The net nitrogen volume generating rate->
And a net carbon dioxide volume generation rate>
Respectively as follows:
if the initial gas supply rate of the gas supply system 2 is
Wherein the initial oxygen supply rate is->
Initial nitrogen supply rate of>
Initial carbon dioxide supply rate of>
The oxygen supply rate during the surface fire spread test is ≥>
Nitrogen supply rate->
And carbon dioxide supply rate->
Respectively as follows:
based on the formula, it is possible to achieve that the composition of the gas in the semi-open type combustion chamber 1 and the concentration of each gas in the composition are maintained at preset stable values during the fire spread experiment. It should be noted that the combustible mass change monitored by the mass change measurement system is not the mass lost by combustible combustion, and there are time and space delays between the two and product composition and concentration errors caused by incomplete combustion, so that the gas supply system 2 needs to be feedback-controlled by monitoring the concentration of the gas in the target environment in the semi-open combustion chamber 1, so that the controllable accuracy of the concentration of the gas in the target environment reaches a high level.
Therefore, the problem that the combustible fire spreading phenomenon in the normal-pressure atmospheric environment or the low-oxygen environment can only be researched in the prior art is solved, and the combustible fire spreading phenomenon in the complex environment is researched.
In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise. In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several modifications and refinements can be made without departing from the application, and these modifications and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. A fire propagation experiment platform, comprising: the device comprises a semi-open type combustion chamber, an air supply system and an exhaust system;
the gas supply system is used for setting the composition of the gas in the semi-open type combustion chamber and the initial concentration of each gas in the composition based on the requirement of a fire spread experiment so that the semi-open type combustion chamber is in a target environment;
the semi-open type combustion chamber is used for providing a test site of the fire spread test, and the fire spread test is implemented in the target environment;
the exhaust system is used for adjusting the exhaust volume and discharging combustion tail gas generated in the fire spread experiment;
the gas supply system is also used for adjusting the supply flow of each gas in the composition components based on the combustion tail gas of the exhaust system;
the exhaust system is also used for cooperating with the air supply system to maintain the semi-open combustion chamber in a constant air pressure state or control the concentration of each gas in the composition in the fire spreading experiment.
2. The platform of claim 1, wherein the semi-open combustor comprises a combustor frame, an ambient gas wake fairing assembly, a surface fire propagating combustion chamber, a glass sight glass, and an air intake duct;
the top of semi open type combustion chamber is connected exhaust system, the side of combustion chamber frame is fixed with the glass observation window, ambient gas wake flow rectification subassembly is fixed the bottom of combustion chamber frame, ambient gas wake flow rectification subassembly's bottom has the inlet port, surface fire spreads the burning pond and arranges in the upper surface of ambient gas wake flow rectification subassembly, and is a plurality of the intake pipe is respectively with a plurality of the inlet port corresponds the connection, ambient gas wake flow rectification subassembly still passes through the intake pipe with gas supply system connects.
3. The platform of claim 2, wherein the surface fire-spreading fire pit is used for placing combustibles, the size of the surface fire-spreading fire pit is changed according to the requirements of the fire-spreading experiment, the surface fire-spreading fire pit is not fixedly connected with the semi-open type combustion chamber, and the width of the surface fire-spreading fire pit is not more than one tenth of the width of the semi-open type combustion chamber.
4. The platform of claim 2, wherein the ambient gas wake fairing assembly is configured to fairing the gas through the inlet holes such that the gas is uniformly dispersed in the semi-open combustion chamber, the ambient gas wake fairing assembly comprising a dispersion layer and a fairing layer, the dispersion layer comprising ceramic balls, glass beads or metal foam, and the fairing layer comprising metal honeycomb or perforated plates.
5. The platform of claim 1, wherein the gas supply system comprises at least one gas supply assembly and a gas blender, each of the at least one gas supply assembly comprising a gas cylinder, a pressure relief valve, a check valve, and a gas mass flow controller, the at least one gas supply assembly being connected to the gas blender;
the gas cylinder is connected with the pressure reducing valve, the pressure reducing valve is connected with the one-way valve, the one-way valve is connected with the gas mass flow controller, and the gas supply system is connected with an ambient gas wake flow rectification assembly of the semi-open type combustion chamber through a gas inlet pipe;
the gas cylinders in the at least one gas supply assembly are used for supplying each gas in the composition, and the mass flow controllers in the at least one gas supply assembly are used for regulating the supply flow of each gas in the composition.
6. The platform of claim 1, wherein the exhaust system comprises a gas hood, an exhaust fan, and a duct; the gas-collecting hood is located right above the semi-open type combustion chamber, and the gas-collecting hood is connected with the exhaust fan through the air pipe.
7. The platform of claim 1, wherein the fire spread experiment platform further comprises: an ignition control system;
the ignition control system is used for controlling ignition to ignite combustible substances in the semi-open type combustion chamber.
8. The platform of claim 7, wherein the ignition control system comprises an electrical ignition head, a controller, and a power source;
the electric ignition head is positioned in the semi-open type combustion chamber, the controller is connected with the power supply, and the controller is used for controlling the electric ignition head to fire or shut off fire.
9. The platform of claim 1, wherein the fire spread experiment platform further comprises: a data acquisition system;
and the data acquisition system is used for acquiring experimental data of the fire spreading experiment.
10. The platform of claim 9, wherein the data acquisition system comprises an image acquisition system, a mass change measurement system, a temperature measurement system, and a gas concentration measurement system;
the image acquisition system is used for acquiring a flame image of the semi-open type combustion chamber for the fire spread experiment;
the mass change measuring system comprises a balance and an I-shaped support frame, wherein the I-shaped support frame penetrates through a surface fire spreading combustion pool in the semi-open type combustion chamber and an ambient gas wake flow rectifying assembly in the semi-open type combustion chamber to be connected with the balance;
the temperature measuring system comprises a thermocouple and a thermocouple support, wherein the thermocouple is used for measuring the combustion temperature of combustible materials;
the gas concentration measurement system comprises at least one gas concentration sensor, and each sensor in the at least one gas concentration sensor is used for monitoring the concentration of corresponding gas.
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| CN202211674211.4A CN115902090A (en) | 2022-12-26 | 2022-12-26 | Fire spreading experiment platform |
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