CN115901881A - Method, device, equipment and medium for monitoring stress corrosion cracking of tubing steel - Google Patents
Method, device, equipment and medium for monitoring stress corrosion cracking of tubing steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The disclosure provides a stress corrosion cracking monitoring method, a stress corrosion cracking monitoring device, stress corrosion cracking monitoring equipment and a storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of metal material failure monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring an electrochemical noise signal and an acoustic emission signal of an oil pipe steel sample in an oil displacement underground environment; monitoring a pitting corrosion event and a microcrack initiation event of a first stage of stress corrosion cracking of the tubing steel sample according to the electrochemical noise signal; and monitoring the crack propagation event and the crack tearing event of the second stage of stress corrosion cracking of the tubing steel sample according to the acoustic emission signals. Can monitor the corrosion cracking incident of the overall process of SCC of oil pipe steel sample, and then improve the accuracy of SCC monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of metal material failure monitoring, in particular to a method, a device, equipment and a medium for monitoring stress corrosion cracking of tubing steel.
Background
SCC (Stress Corrosion Cracking) refers to the behavior of crack initiation and crack propagation of a metal material under the synergistic action of Stress and a Corrosion medium. In the presence of CO 2 In the scene of oil displacement by the oil displacement technology, on one hand, oil pipe steel under the oil displacement well is subjected to CO under the oil displacement well 2 And the strong corrosion of the sulfur-containing annular solution, and on the other hand, the self gravity and the pulling force of the sucker rod are also exerted. In this case, the tubing steel is susceptible to SCC. The local perforation or rupture of the tubing steel caused by the SCC may cause the release of flammable, explosive and toxic media inside the tubing steel, thereby causing a catastrophic accident. Therefore, the SCC of the oil displacement downhole tubing steel needs to be monitored so as to timely warn the fracture risk of the tubing steel and provide a protection measure for the tubing steel.
In the related art, a single electrochemical method, such as a constant potential polarization method, a potentiodynamic scanning method, an electrochemical impedance spectrum, electrochemical noise, a micro-area electrochemical technology and the like, is adopted, or a single acoustic emission method is adopted to monitor the whole process of SCC of the oil displacement downhole tubing steel.
The single electrochemical method or the single acoustic emission method can only monitor partial corrosion cracking events in the whole process of the SCC of the oil pipe steel, the whole process of the SCC of the oil pipe steel is difficult to monitor, and the SCC monitoring accuracy of the oil pipe steel is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a monitoring method, a monitoring device, monitoring equipment and a storage medium for SCC, which can comprehensively monitor the whole process of SCC of tubing steel so as to improve the monitoring accuracy of SCC of tubing steel. The technical scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, a method for monitoring stress corrosion cracking of tubing steel is provided, the method comprising:
acquiring an electrochemical noise signal and an acoustic emission signal of a tubing steel sample in a simulated downhole environment; monitoring a pitting corrosion event and a microcrack initiation event of a first stage of stress corrosion cracking of the tubing steel sample according to the electrochemical noise signal; monitoring a crack propagation event and a crack tearing event of the second stage of stress corrosion cracking of the tubing steel sample according to the acoustic emission signals; wherein the first phase is continuous with the second phase and the first phase occurs before the second phase.
Optionally, the monitoring the pitting event and the microcrack initiation event of the first stage of stress corrosion cracking of the tubing steel specimen according to the electrochemical noise signal includes: determining the amplitude and lifetime of the electrochemical noise signal peak; monitoring the pitting event and the microcrack initiation event based on the amplitude and the lifetime.
Optionally, the monitoring the pitting event and the microcrack initiation event of the first stage of stress corrosion cracking of the tubing steel specimen according to the electrochemical noise signal includes: determining an average integrated charge and a nucleation rate of the electrochemical noise signal; and monitoring the pitting corrosion event and the microcrack initiation event according to the average integral electric quantity and the nucleation rate.
Optionally, the monitoring of the crack propagation event and crack tearing event of the second stage of stress corrosion cracking of the tubing steel specimen according to the acoustic emission signal comprises: determining the accumulation number and the accumulation rate of the acoustic emission signals; monitoring the crack propagation event and the crack tearing event according to the cumulative number and the cumulative rate.
Optionally, the monitoring of the crack propagation event and the crack tearing event of the second stage of stress corrosion cracking of the tubing steel specimen according to the acoustic emission signals comprises: determining an amplitude and duration of a waveform of the acoustic emission signal; monitoring the crack propagation event and the crack tear event based on the amplitude and the duration.
In a second aspect, there is provided a device for monitoring stress corrosion cracking of tubing steel, the device comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring an electrochemical noise signal and an acoustic emission signal of the tubing steel sample in a simulated downhole environment; the monitoring module is used for monitoring a pitting event and a microcrack initiation event of the first stage of stress corrosion cracking of the tubing steel sample according to the electrochemical noise signal; monitoring a crack propagation event and a crack tearing event of the second stage of stress corrosion cracking of the tubing steel sample according to the acoustic emission signals; wherein the first phase is continuous with the second phase and the first phase occurs before the second phase.
Optionally, the monitoring module is configured to determine an amplitude and a lifetime of a waveform of the electrochemical noise signal; monitoring the pitting event and the microcrack initiation event based on the amplitude and the lifetime; or, for determining an average integrated charge and a nucleation rate of the electrochemical noise signal; and monitoring the pitting corrosion event and the microcrack initiation event according to the average integral electric quantity and the nucleation rate.
The monitoring module is also used for determining the accumulation number and the accumulation rate of the acoustic emission signals; monitoring the crack propagation event and the crack tearing event according to the cumulative number and the cumulative rate; or, for determining the amplitude and duration of the waveform of the acoustic emission signal; monitoring the crack propagation event and the crack tear event based on the amplitude and the duration.
In a third aspect, a computer device is provided, comprising: a processor; a memory for storing processor-executable instructions; wherein the processor is configured to perform the method as described above.
In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, in which instructions, when executed by a processor of a computer device, enable the computer device to perform the method of the first aspect.
In a fifth aspect, there is provided a computer program product comprising computer programs/instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the method of the first aspect.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the following beneficial effects:
in the embodiment of the disclosure, by acquiring an electrochemical noise signal and an acoustic emission signal of the tubing steel sample in a simulated downhole environment, monitoring a pitting event and a microcrack initiation event in a first stress corrosion cracking stage of the tubing steel sample according to the electrochemical noise, and monitoring a crack propagation event and a crack tearing event in a second stress corrosion cracking stage of the tubing steel sample according to the acoustic emission signal, a corrosion cracking event in the whole process of the SCC of the tubing steel sample can be monitored, and the accuracy of monitoring the SCC is further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a monitoring system for SCC provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a tubing steel sample provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a monitoring method for SCC according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of another SCC monitoring method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electrochemical noise signal peak provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a graphical illustration of a slow-pull curve and corresponding electrochemical noise signal provided by an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of another electrochemical noise signal provided by embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a slow stretch curve and corresponding acoustic emission impact accumulation curve provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a burst-type acoustic emission signal waveform provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a continuous acoustic emission signal waveform provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 11 is a block diagram of a monitoring apparatus for an SCC according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 12 is a block diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a monitoring system for SCC according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, the monitoring system for SCC includes a tubing steel coupon (working electrode) 10, an electrochemical noise device 20, an acoustic emission device 30, a computer device 40, and a vessel 50.
The material of the tubing steel sample 10 can be P110 tubing steel, N80 tubing steel, super 13Cr tubing steel, etc.
The vessel 50 is used to hold a corrosion solution, illustratively a 3.5% NaCl solution, adjusted to pH 2 with hydrochloric acid at a temperature of 50 ℃ to simulate the corrosive environment of the tubing steel sample 10 downhole in flooding.
Two ends of the tubing steel sample 10 are connected with stretching equipment, and the stretching equipment is used for performing stress stretching on two ends of the tubing steel sample 10 so as to simulate the stress condition of the tubing steel sample 10 in an oil displacement well. Illustratively, the tensile apparatus is a slow tensile tester.
The electrochemical noise device 20 is used for collecting an electrochemical noise signal of the tubing steel sample 10, wherein the electrochemical noise signal comprises a current noise signal and a potential noise signal. The acoustic emission device 30 is used to collect acoustic emission signals of the tubing steel sample 10.
In the disclosed embodiment, tubing steel coupon 10, counter electrode 21, and reference electrode 22 are all placed in vessel 50.
The Acoustic Emission device 30 includes an AE (Acoustic Emission) sensor 31 and an Acoustic Emission collector 32. The AE sensor is used for collecting acoustic emission signals of the tubing steel sample 10 and converting the acoustic emission signals into electric signals. Illustratively, the AE sensor is R15 α (frequency range: 50 kHz-200 kHz). The acoustic emission collector 32 is configured to amplify and transmit the electric signal obtained by the AE sensor to the computer 40. Illustratively, the acoustic emission device 30 is a USB AE Node device manufactured by Acoustics physical corporation.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a tubing steel sample provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in fig. 2, grooves 1 are present at both ends of a tubing steel sample 10. The AE sensor 31 is coupled with grooves 1 at two ends of the tubing steel sample 10 by vacuum silicone grease, and the AE sensor 31 is fixed on the surface of the tubing steel sample 10 by a clamp.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a monitoring method for SCC according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by computer device 40 in fig. 1. Referring to fig. 3, the method includes:
in step 101, an electrochemical noise signal and an acoustic emission signal of a tubing steel sample in a simulated downhole environment are obtained.
The simulated downhole environment refers to a simulated corrosion environment and stress condition of a tubing steel sample in a flooding well, and the related contents refer to the embodiment shown in fig. 1, and the detailed description is omitted.
The electrochemical noise signal includes a current noise signal and a potential noise signal, and is collected by the electrochemical noise device 20 in fig. 1. The acoustic emission signals are acquired by the acoustic emission device 30 of FIG. 1.
In step 102, a first stage of SCC of a tubing steel specimen is monitored for pitting and microcrack initiation events based on the electrochemical noise signal.
The SCC first stage of a tubing steel coupon includes a pitting event and a microcrack initiation event.
In step 103, the SCC second stage of the tubing steel specimen is monitored for crack propagation events and crack tear events based on the acoustic emission signals.
The SCC second stage of the tubing steel coupon includes a crack propagation event and a crack tear event.
The first phase in step 102 occurs before the second phase. In the first stage, the starting point of pitting corrosion of the tubing steel sample is used as the starting point, and the starting point of the first crack propagation event of the tubing steel sample is used as the end point. And in the second stage, the starting point of the first crack propagation event of the tubing steel sample is taken as the starting point, and the fracture of the tubing steel sample is taken as the end point. After the tubing steel sample is broken, no electrochemical noise signal or acoustic emission signal can be monitored. In the embodiment of the disclosure, the obtained electrochemical noise signal and acoustic emission signal are signals of the whole process of the tubing steel sample SCC, a starting point of a first crack propagation event can be determined according to an electrochemical noise signal pattern and an acoustic emission signal pattern of the whole process of the tubing steel sample SCC, and the starting point is used as a dividing point of a first stage and a second stage.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, an electrochemical noise signal and an acoustic emission signal of a tubing steel sample in a simulated downhole environment are obtained, a pitting corrosion event and a microcrack initiation event in a first stress corrosion cracking stage of the tubing steel sample are monitored according to the electrochemical noise, a crack propagation event and a crack tearing event in a second stress corrosion cracking stage of the tubing steel sample are monitored according to the acoustic emission signal, a corrosion cracking event in the whole process of SCC of the tubing steel sample can be monitored, and the monitoring accuracy of the SCC is improved.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of another SCC monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which is applied to the stress corrosion cracking monitoring system shown in fig. 1. Referring to fig. 4, the method includes:
in step 201, an electrochemical noise signal and an acoustic emission signal of a tubing steel sample in a simulated downhole environment are obtained.
The electrochemical noise signal and the acoustic emission signal are related to the aforementioned step 101, and a detailed description thereof is omitted.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the corrosion environment of the tubing steel sample in the oil displacement well is simulated by placing the tubing steel sample in a NaCl solution; and stretching the two ends of the tubing steel sample by stretching equipment to simulate the stress condition of the tubing steel sample in the oil displacement well. The method is characterized in that the SCC environment of the tubing steel sample in the drive well is simulated, so that the tubing steel sample is prompted to generate an electrochemical noise signal and an acoustic emission signal, and the whole process of the SCC of the tubing steel sample is monitored according to the electrochemical noise signal and the acoustic emission signal.
In some embodiments, the device parameters of the electrochemical noise device are set to: the frequency is 5Hz, so as to collect the electrochemical noise signal of the tubing steel sample. Setting the device parameters of the sound emitting device as: the method comprises the steps of measuring a threshold value of 27dB, a sampling rate of 2MPS, 2048 points of each waveform record, 40 mu s of pre-trigger pre-storage time, 400 mu s of impact definition time, 200 mu s of peak definition time, 200 mu s of impact blocking time and a 100K-400KHz analog filter, so as to acquire an acoustic emission signal of the tubing steel sample. The electrochemical noise device and the sound emitting device start to acquire signals at the same time.
In step 202, the amplitude and lifetime of the waveform of the electrochemical noise signal is determined.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electrochemical noise signal peak provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 5, in which a solid black line represents a single current noise peak or a single voltage noise peak. The amplitude of the waveform of the electrochemical noise signal refers to the amplitude of a single current noise peak and the amplitude of a single potential noise peak, such as the AB segment in fig. 5. The lifetime of the electrochemical noise signal refers to the difference between the start time and the end time of a single current noise peak and the difference between the start time and the end time of a single potential noise peak, such as the CD segment in fig. 5. The amplitude and lifetime of the waveform of the electrochemical noise signal are automatically calculated by the associated software, e.g., originPro.
In step 203, the first stage of SCC of the tubing steel is monitored for pitting events and microcrack initiation events based on the amplitude and lifetime of the waveform of the electrochemical noise signal.
Pitting is a form of corrosion that focuses on a small area of the metal surface and penetrates deep into the metal. Pitting events include metastable pitting and steady state pitting. Metastable pitting refers to less stable pitting, which will passivate and die again after initiation. The stable pitting corrosion refers to stable pitting corrosion which can continuously grow after germination. The microcrack initiation event refers to the occurrence of cracks on the surface of the tubing steel sample, and the cracks generally originate from metastable pitting corrosion.
Fig. 6 is a graphical illustration of a slow-pull curve and electrochemical noise signals provided by an embodiment of the disclosure. When the two ends of the tubing steel sample are stretched, a slow stretching curve 1 of stress borne by the tubing steel sample changing along with time, a curve 2 of current noise signals generated by the tubing steel sample changing along with time, and a curve 3 of potential noise signals generated by the tubing steel sample changing along with time can be synchronously obtained.
According to the slow-stretching curve 1, the stressed deformation process of the tubing steel test sample can be divided into an elastic stage I, a yield stage II, a hardening stage III and a necking stage IV, and the four stages are continuous processes in time. And in the stage, the oil pipe steel sample generates elastic deformation, and the deformation generated by the oil pipe steel sample disappears after the stress at the two ends of the oil pipe steel sample is cancelled. And the II yield stage is a stage in which plastic deformation is generated in addition to elastic deformation after the stress born by the tubing steel sample exceeds the elastic limit, and in the stage, the stress and the strain are not in linear relation any more. In the hardening stage III, the metal material is subjected to the yield stage, so that the deformation resistance is enhanced, and the tubing steel sample can be continuously deformed only by continuously increasing the stress. In the IV necking stage, when the stress applied to the tubing steel sample reaches the strength limit of the tubing steel sample, plastic deformation begins to appear at the weakest part of the tubing steel sample, so that the local section of the tubing steel sample is sharply necked, the area capable of bearing the stress is rapidly reduced, and the stress borne by the tubing steel sample is rapidly reduced until the tubing steel sample is broken.
Under an ideal condition, if a slow tensile curve of the tubing steel sample in the oil displacement well can be obtained, the deformation state of the tubing steel sample can be monitored according to the slow tensile curve, and whether the tubing steel sample breaks or fails is further judged. However, when the tubing steel sample is in a flooding downhole environment, the slow tensile curve of the tubing steel sample cannot be measured. Therefore, the condition of the tubing steel sample in the flooding well needs to be monitored by other methods.
In the four stages of fig. 6, the current noise signal and the potential noise signal are different in characteristics for each stage. The corrosion cracking event of the tubing steel sample at each stage can be judged according to the characteristics of the current noise signal and the potential noise signal, and the development process of the SCC of the tubing steel is monitored.
As shown in fig. 6, in stage I, it is monitored that the tubing steel sample starts to appear a current noise peak with an amplitude in a first current amplitude range and a lifetime in a first time length range, for example, the current noise peak labeled a in stage I, and appears a potential noise peak with an amplitude in a first potential amplitude range and a lifetime in a first time length range, for example, the potential noise peak labeled b in stage I. And indicating that the oil pipe steel sample generates a metastable state pitting corrosion event in the stage I. Illustratively, the first current amplitude range is 1 μ A to 30 μ A, the first potential amplitude range is 1mV to 10mV, and the first time period range is 1s to 5s.
Because the generation of the metastable state pitting corrosion can make the potential noise on the surface of the tubing steel sample move negatively and the current noise move positively, and the metastable state pitting corrosion can passivate in a very short time, so that the potential noise on the surface of the tubing steel sample moves positively and the current noise moves negatively, and the rapid and continuous change process corresponds to the characteristics of the current noise peak and the voltage noise peak in the stage I. And indicating that the oil pipe steel sample generates a metastable state pitting corrosion event in the stage I.
In the phase II, the occurrence of a current noise peak with an amplitude value within a second current amplitude range and a service life within a second time length range, such as the current noise peak labeled c in the phase II, and the occurrence of a potential noise peak with an amplitude value within a second potential amplitude range and a service life within a second time length range, such as the potential noise peak labeled d in the phase II, are monitored. Indicating that a microcrack event occurred in the tubing steel coupon at stage II. Illustratively, the second current amplitude range is 1 μ A to 20 μ A, the second potential amplitude range is 1mV to 20mV, and the second time period range is 10s to 100s.
In the stage III, monitoring that the tubing steel sample has a current noise peak with an amplitude value within a second current amplitude value range and a service life within a second duration range, such as a current noise peak marked with the reference character e in the stage III, and a potential noise peak with an amplitude value within a second potential amplitude value range and a service life within the second duration range, such as a potential noise peak marked with the reference character f in the stage III; there is again a current noise peak with an amplitude in the third current amplitude range and a lifetime in the third duration range, for example the current noise peak labeled g in phase III, and a potential noise peak with an amplitude in the third potential amplitude range and a lifetime in the third duration range, for example the potential noise peak labeled h in phase III. Indicating that in stage III, the tubing steel coupon exhibited both a microcrack event and a steady-state pitting event. Illustratively, the third current amplitude range is 10 μ A to 30 μ A, the third potential amplitude range is 5mV to 20mV, and the third duration range is 5s to 10s.
In the stage IV, the current noise peak with the amplitude value in a first current amplitude range and the service life in a first time length range, such as the current noise peak with the label i in the stage IV, and the potential noise peak with the amplitude value in the first potential amplitude range and the service life in the first time length range, such as the potential noise peak with the label j in the stage IV, are monitored to exist in the tubing steel sample. Indicating that the metastable pitting corrosion event mainly occurs on the surface of the tubing steel sample in the stage IV. In fact, in stage IV, the SCC of the tubing steel coupon may have progressed to the second stage, with crack tearing and crack propagation events occurring primarily.
The first current magnitude range, the second current magnitude range, and the third current magnitude range may partially overlap, and the first potential magnitude range, the second potential magnitude range, and the third potential magnitude range may partially overlap. The upper limit value of the first duration range is less than or equal to the lower limit value of the third duration range, and the upper limit value of the third duration range is less than or equal to the lower limit value of the second duration range. The first current amplitude range, the second current amplitude range, the third current amplitude range, the first potential amplitude range, the second potential amplitude range, the third potential amplitude range, the first duration range, the second duration range, and the third duration range are set empirically by the skilled person. In fig. 6, the current noise peak and the potential noise peak are both in the form shown in fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of another electrochemical noise signal provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, which is obtained by amplifying a graph of the electrochemical noise signal in fig. 6 for a certain time period. As shown in fig. 7, the noise peak in the graph may be a current noise peak or a potential noise peak. The noise peak labeled i represents a metastable pitting event and the noise peak labeled ii represents a steady state pitting event. The noise peak labeled iii represents a microcrack event. The life of the noise peak corresponding to the metastable pitting event is less than the life of the noise peak corresponding to the steady-state pitting event, which is less than the life of the noise peak corresponding to the microcrack event.
The electrochemical noise equipment is sensitive to weak current noise signals or weak voltage noise signals generated by pitting corrosion events or microcrack events, and is insensitive to strong current noise signals or voltage noise signals generated by crack propagation events or crack tearing events. Thus, in phase IV, no crack tear and crack propagation events were monitored. That is, the electrochemical noise signal collected by the electrochemical noise signal collecting device is more suitable for monitoring the first stage of SCC.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, since the electrochemical noise device is sensitive to the current noise signal and the potential noise signal generated by the pitting event and the microcrack event in the first stage of the SCC, the monitoring of the first stage of the SCC by the electrochemical noise signal is more accurate.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, step 202 and step 203 may also be replaced by: determining the average integrated electric quantity and the nucleation rate of the electrochemical noise signal; and monitoring the pitting corrosion event and the microcrack initiation event of the SCC first stage of the tubing steel sample according to the average integrated electric quantity and the nucleation rate.
Where the nucleation rate represents the number of current noise peaks per unit time.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the average electric quantity of the electrochemical noise signal is calculated by using formula (1), where formula (1) is as follows:
in the formula (1), the first and second groups of the compound,
representing an electrochemical noise signal, T representing the test duration of the electrochemical noise equipment; t is t n And t n ' denotes the initial and end times of the nth noise peak, respectively; i.e. i n (t) represents the current noise signal corresponding to the nth noise peak over timet is a function of the variation; i.e. i b A baseline current that is a noise peak; λ represents the nucleation rate in units of s -1 。
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, monitoring a pitting event and a microcrack initiation event of a SCC first stage of a tubing steel specimen according to an average integrated power and a nucleation rate includes: when the lambda is smaller than the first speed threshold value,
When the integral electric quantity is smaller than a first integral electric quantity threshold value, the oil pipe steel sample is indicated to have no corrosion cracking event; when lambda monotonically increases and is less than a second rate threshold, a signal is asserted>
When the value monotonically increases and is smaller than a second integral electric quantity threshold value, indicating that the oil pipe steel sample generates a metastable state pitting event; when lambda monotonically increases and is less than a third rate threshold, is determined>
And when the value is monotonically increased and is smaller than the third integral electric quantity threshold value, indicating that a microcrack event occurs on the tubing steel sample. Wherein the first rate threshold is less than the second rate threshold, and the second rate threshold is less than the third rate threshold. The first integrated charge threshold is less than a second integrated charge threshold, and the second integrated charge is less than a third integrated charge threshold. The first rate threshold, the second rate threshold, the third rate threshold, the first integrated charge threshold, the second integrated charge threshold, and the third integrated charge threshold are empirically set by a skilled artisan.
Since the electrochemical noise device is sensitive to current noise signals generated by the pitting event and the microcrack event in the first stage of the SCC, the average electric quantity calculated by the current noise signals collected by the electrochemical noise device is accurate, and therefore, monitoring of the pitting event and the microcrack event in the early stage of the SCC by the average electric quantity is accurate.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the pitting event and the microcrack initiation event of the SCC first stage of the tubing steel specimen may also be monitored simultaneously according to the amplitude and the lifetime of the electrochemical noise signal peak and the average integrated electric quantity and the nucleation rate of the electrochemical noise signal.
In step 204, crack propagation events and crack tearing events are monitored for the second stage of the SCC based on the cumulative number and rate of acoustic emission signals.
Wherein the cumulative number of acoustic emission signals refers to the number of times the amplitude of the acoustic emission signal exceeds the threshold amplitude. The threshold amplitude is set empirically by the skilled person for the acoustic emission device. The rate of accumulation of an acoustic emission signal refers to the amount of change in the cumulative number of acoustic emission signals per unit time.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a slow stretch curve and a corresponding acoustic emission cumulative curve provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 8, the curve labeled 1 in the figure is a slow stretch curve, which is the same as the slow stretch curve labeled 1 in fig. 6. The curve labeled 4 in the figure is the acoustic emission cumulative curve.
As shown in fig. 8, in phase I, the acoustic emission signal accumulation number increases from 0 to 2000 with an increase in stress, and the accumulation rate of the acoustic emission signal (the slope of curve 4) also gradually increases, within about 0 to 8 h. Because the number of oscillations of the acoustic emission signal generated by the metastable pitting event is small, the corresponding acoustic emission cumulative number is small. When the metastable state pitting corrosion events occur at a plurality of positions of the tubing steel sample, the cumulative acoustic emission rate is increased. Therefore, it can be presumed that a large number of metastable pitting events occurred on the tubing steel specimen in stage I.
In phase II, approximately 8h to 17h, the cumulative number of acoustic emission signals increased from 2000 to 2400 with increasing stress, and the cumulative rate of acoustic emission signals was substantially constant (slope of curve 4). The number of oscillations of the acoustic emission signal due to the steady state pitting event is small and greater than the number of oscillations of the acoustic emission signal due to the metastable pitting event. Thus, it can be presumed that in stage II, a steady-state pitting event occurred on the tubing steel specimen.
In stage III, approximately within 17h to 25h, as the stress increases, the cumulative number of acoustic emission signals increases from 0 to 3000, and the cumulative rate of acoustic emission signals gradually decreases (slope of curve 4). Because the number of oscillations of the acoustic emission signal generated by the crack propagation event is large, the corresponding acoustic emission cumulative number is high. Thus, in stage III, a crack propagation event occurred in the tubing steel specimen.
In phase IV, after about 25h, the cumulative number of acoustic emission signals increases from 3000 to 3100 with increasing stress, and the rate of accumulation of acoustic emission signals remains substantially constant (slope of curve 4). Because the acoustic emission signals generated by the crack-tearing event have a high number of oscillations and are higher than the acoustic emission signals generated by the crack-propagation event, a crack-tearing event occurs in the tubing steel specimen in stage IV.
Because the acoustic emission device is sensitive to crack propagation events and crack tearing events, crack propagation events and crack tearing events are easily monitored, and the acoustic emission device is insensitive to pitting events and is not easily monitored. Therefore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, it is more accurate to monitor the SCC second stage crack propagation event and crack tearing event of the tubing steel specimen based on the acoustic emission signals.
As can be seen from fig. 6, the electrochemical noise apparatus has difficulty in detecting crack propagation events and crack tearing events during the second stage of SCC of the tubing steel specimen (stage IV in fig. 6), but can detect a large number of metastable pitting events and steady state pitting events during the first stage of SCC of the tubing steel specimen; whereas acoustic emission devices have limited metastable pitting events and steady-state pitting events monitored during the first phase of the SCC of a tubing steel coupon, they can monitor higher acoustic emission buildups during the second phase of the SCC of a tubing steel coupon (stages III and IV in fig. 8). Therefore, in the embodiment of the disclosure, the whole process of the SCC of the tubing steel sample can be monitored according to the first stage of monitoring the tubing steel sample according to the electrochemical noise signal and the second stage of monitoring the tubing steel sample according to the acoustic emission signal, so that the accuracy of SCC monitoring is improved.
Optionally, in this embodiment of the present disclosure, step 204 may also be replaced with: determining the amplitude and duration of the waveform of the acoustic emission signal; and monitoring the crack propagation event and the crack tearing event of the second stage of stress corrosion cracking of the tubing steel sample according to the amplitude and the duration.
The amplitude of the acoustic emission signal represents a peak-to-peak value of the acoustic emission signal waveform, and the duration of the acoustic emission signal represents a time that the acoustic emission signal first crosses the threshold amplitude and finally falls to the threshold amplitude.
In the disclosed embodiment, the acoustic emission signals include burst type acoustic emission signals and continuous type acoustic emission signals. Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a waveform of a burst-type acoustic emission signal provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 9, the burst-type acoustic emission signal has a high amplitude, a low frequency, and a short duration. The sudden acoustic emission signal waveform is represented as an independent damped oscillation curve representing an independent metastable pitting or microcracking event. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a waveform of a continuous acoustic emission signal provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG. 10, the continuous acoustic emission signal has a low amplitude, a high frequency, and a long duration. Whereas the continuous acoustic emission signal consists of a series of closely-spaced events representing the continuous growth of cracks. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the type of the acoustic emission signal may be determined according to the amplitude, the frequency, and the duration of the acoustic emission signal. And when the acoustic emission signal is a continuous acoustic emission signal, monitoring a crack propagation event and a crack tearing event of the second stage of stress corrosion cracking of the tubing steel sample according to the amplitude and the duration of the acoustic emission signal.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, according to the amplitude and the duration of the acoustic emission signal, a crack propagation event and a crack tearing event of the second stage of stress corrosion cracking of the tubing steel sample are monitored, and the method comprises the following steps: if the amplitude of the continuous acoustic emission signal is continuously increased and is within the first amplitude range, and the duration of the continuous acoustic emission signal is continuously increased and is within a first set time length, determining that the oil pipe steel sample has a crack propagation event; and if the amplitude of the continuous acoustic emission signal is continuously increased and is within the second amplitude range, and the duration of the continuous acoustic emission signal is continuously increased and is within the second set time length, determining that the oil pipe steel sample has a crack tearing event. The upper limit value of the first amplitude range is less than or equal to the lower limit value of the second amplitude range, and the first set time length is less than the second set time length. The first amplitude range, the second amplitude range, the first set duration, and the second set duration are empirically set by the skilled artisan.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, an electrochemical noise signal and an acoustic emission signal of the tubing steel sample are obtained, a pitting event and a microcrack initiation event in a first stress corrosion cracking stage of the tubing steel sample are monitored according to the electrochemical noise signal, a crack propagation event and a crack tearing event in a second stress corrosion cracking stage of the tubing steel sample are monitored according to the acoustic emission signal, a corrosion cracking event in the whole process of SCC of the tubing steel sample can be monitored, and the monitoring accuracy of the SCC is improved.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the possibility of SCC of the downhole tubing steel can be reduced by at least one of the following ways:
adding a corrosion inhibitor into the underground annular liquid to reduce the cracking risk caused by the diffusion of hydrogen atoms into the metal;
the stress condition of the oil pipe steel in the oil displacement well is improved, and local stress concentration is avoided or reduced;
the material of the tubing steel is improved, and a material resistant to SCC, such as high-purity austenitic steel, duplex stainless steel, etc., is used.
Fig. 11 is a block diagram of a monitoring apparatus 1100 for SCC according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 11, the apparatus includes: an acquisition module 1101 and a monitoring module 1102.
The obtaining module 1101 is used for obtaining an electrochemical noise signal and an acoustic emission signal of the tubing steel sample in a simulated downhole environment. The monitoring module 1102 is used for monitoring a pitting event and a microcrack initiation event of the first stage of stress corrosion cracking of the tubing steel sample according to the electrochemical noise signal; monitoring a crack propagation event and a crack tearing event of the second stage of stress corrosion cracking of the tubing steel sample according to the acoustic emission signals; wherein the first phase is continuous with the second phase and the first phase occurs before the second phase.
Optionally, the monitoring module 1102 is configured to determine the amplitude and lifetime of the electrochemical noise signal peak; monitoring the pitting event and the microcrack initiation event based on the amplitude and the lifetime; or, for determining an average integrated charge and a nucleation rate of the electrochemical noise signal; and monitoring the pitting corrosion event and the microcrack initiation event according to the average integral electric quantity and the nucleation rate.
The monitoring module 1102 is further configured to determine an accumulation number and an accumulation rate of the acoustic emission signal; monitoring the crack propagation event and the crack tearing event according to the cumulative number and the cumulative rate; or, for determining the amplitude and duration of the waveform of the acoustic emission signal; monitoring the crack propagation event and the crack tear event based on the amplitude and the duration.
It should be noted that: in the monitoring apparatus 1100 for the SCC of the tubing steel provided in the above embodiment, when the SCC of the tubing steel is monitored, the above division of the functional modules is merely used as an example, and in practical applications, the above function distribution may be completed by different functional modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the equipment is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the above described functions. In addition, the monitoring device of the SCC of the tubing steel provided by the above embodiment and the monitoring method embodiment of the SCC of the tubing steel belong to the same concept, and specific implementation processes thereof are detailed in the method embodiments and are not described herein again.
Fig. 12 is a block diagram of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The computer device includes: a processor 1201 and a memory 1202.
The processor 1201 may include one or more processing cores, such as a 4-core processor, an 8-core processor, and so on. The processor 1201 may be implemented in at least one hardware form of a DSP (Digital Signal Processing), an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), and a PLA (Programmable Logic Array). The processor 1201 may also include a main processor and a coprocessor, where the main processor is a processor for Processing data in an awake state, and is also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU); a coprocessor is a low power processor for processing data in a standby state. In some embodiments, the processor 1201 may be integrated with a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) that is responsible for rendering and drawing content that the display screen needs to display. In some embodiments, the processor 1201 may further include an AI (Artificial Intelligence) processor for processing a computing operation related to machine learning.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the configuration shown in fig. 12 is not intended to be limiting of computer devices and may include more or fewer components than those shown, or some components may be combined, or a different arrangement of components may be used.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, and when instructions in the storage medium are executed by a processor of a computer device, the computer device is enabled to execute the monitoring method for the SCC of the tubing steel provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
A computer program product comprising computer programs/instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the monitoring method of SCC of tubing steel provided by embodiments of the present disclosure.
The above description is intended to be exemplary only and not to limit the present disclosure, and any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure is to be considered as the same as the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1.A method for monitoring stress corrosion cracking of tubing steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring an electrochemical noise signal and an acoustic emission signal of a tubing steel sample in a simulated downhole environment;
monitoring a pitting event and a microcrack initiation event of the stress corrosion cracking first stage of the tubing steel sample according to the electrochemical noise signal; and
monitoring a crack propagation event and a crack tearing event of the second stress corrosion cracking stage of the tubing steel sample according to the acoustic emission signals;
wherein the first phase is continuous with the second phase and the first phase occurs before the second phase.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said monitoring said first stage stress corrosion cracking pitting event and microcrack initiation event of said tubing steel coupon based on said electrochemical noise signal comprises:
determining the amplitude and lifetime of the electrochemical noise signal peak;
monitoring the pitting event and the microcrack initiation event based on the amplitude and the lifetime.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said monitoring said first stage stress corrosion cracking pitting event and microcrack initiation event of said tubing steel coupon based on said electrochemical noise signal comprises:
determining an average integrated charge and a nucleation rate of the electrochemical noise signal;
and monitoring the pitting corrosion event and the microcrack initiation event according to the average integral electric quantity and the nucleation rate.
4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said monitoring said tubing steel coupon for crack propagation events and crack tearing events in a second stage of stress corrosion cracking based on said acoustic emission signals comprises:
determining the accumulation number and the accumulation rate of the acoustic emission signals;
monitoring the crack propagation event and the crack tearing event according to the cumulative number and the cumulative rate.
5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said monitoring said tubing steel coupon for crack propagation events and crack tearing events in a second stage of stress corrosion cracking based on said acoustic emission signals comprises:
determining an amplitude and duration of a waveform of the acoustic emission signal;
monitoring the crack propagation event and the crack tear event based on the amplitude and the duration.
6. A device for monitoring stress corrosion cracking of tubing steel, the device comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring an electrochemical noise signal and an acoustic emission signal of the tubing steel sample in a simulated downhole environment;
the monitoring module is used for monitoring a pitting event and a microcrack initiation event of the first stage of stress corrosion cracking of the tubing steel sample according to the electrochemical noise signal; monitoring a crack propagation event and a crack tearing event of the second stage of stress corrosion cracking of the tubing steel sample according to the acoustic emission signals; wherein the first phase is continuous with the second phase and the first phase occurs before the second phase.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the monitoring module is configured to determine an amplitude and a lifetime of a waveform of the electrochemical noise signal; monitoring said pitting and microcrack initiation events based on said amplitude and said lifetime; or, for determining an average integrated charge and a nucleation rate of the electrochemical noise signal; monitoring the pitting event and the microcrack initiation event according to the average integrated electric quantity and the nucleation rate;
the monitoring module is also used for determining the accumulation number and the accumulation rate of the acoustic emission signals; monitoring the crack propagation event and the crack tearing event according to the cumulative number and the cumulative rate; or, for determining the amplitude and duration of the waveform of the acoustic emission signal; monitoring the crack propagation event and the crack tear event based on the amplitude and the duration.
8. A computer device, comprising:
a processor;
a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
wherein the processor is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein instructions in the computer-readable storage medium, when executed by a processor of a computer device, enable the computer device to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 5.
10. A computer program product comprising computer programs/instructions, characterized in that the computer programs/instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the method of any of claims 1 to 5.
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