CN115901356A - Device and method for rapidly collecting micro-plastic in fresh water - Google Patents
Device and method for rapidly collecting micro-plastic in fresh water Download PDFInfo
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- CN115901356A CN115901356A CN202211383582.7A CN202211383582A CN115901356A CN 115901356 A CN115901356 A CN 115901356A CN 202211383582 A CN202211383582 A CN 202211383582A CN 115901356 A CN115901356 A CN 115901356A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for rapidly collecting micro-plastics in fresh water, which belong to the technical field of environmental monitoring and comprise the following steps: the vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the liquid storage barrel; the filter is arranged outside the shell and is communicated with a water body to be sampled through a sampling pipe, a flow meter and a three-way valve are arranged on the sampling pipe, and a second inlet of the three-way valve is communicated with the atmosphere; the filter is an openable totally-enclosed filter, and a detachable filter membrane is arranged in the filter; according to the device for rapidly collecting the micro-plastics in the fresh water, the sampling pipe extends into a water body to be sampled, then water is taken in a vacuum suction mode, the water sample passes through the filter and is stored in the liquid storage barrel, so that the micro-plastics in the water sample are trapped in the filter, and then the trapped substances in the filter are extracted, so that the micro-plastics can be collected, and the labor is greatly saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental monitoring, in particular to a device and a method for quickly collecting micro-plastics in fresh water.
Background
Micro-plastics refer to plastic chips and particles less than 5mm in diameter, which can be divided into intentionally produced primary micro-plastics and unintentionally produced secondary micro-plastics. Micro-plastics have been demonstrated to be widely present in the environment as emerging pollutants in the environment. Besides containing Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), the micro-plastics also have a remarkable enriching effect on POPs due to the large specific surface area.
At present, the monitoring of micro-plastics in seawater is mature, trawl sampling is generally adopted, however, the method is not suitable for fresh water. In fresh water, a large amount of water samples are collected by a bucket, transported to a laboratory, and then processed and detected, using a large amount of manpower.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defect that a large amount of manpower is needed for collecting a water sample from fresh water in the prior art, so that the device and the method for quickly collecting the micro-plastic in the fresh water are provided.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a device for rapidly collecting micro plastic in fresh water, comprising:
the vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the liquid storage barrel;
the filter is arranged outside the shell, the liquid outlet end of the filter is communicated with the liquid storage barrel, the liquid inlet end of the filter is connected with a sampling pipe, the filter is communicated with a water body to be sampled through the sampling pipe, the sampling pipe is provided with a flow meter and a three-way valve, and a second inlet of the three-way valve is communicated with the atmosphere;
the filter is an openable fully-closed filter, and a detachable filter membrane is arranged in the filter.
Optionally, a second inlet of the three-way valve is provided with a first filter screen, and the first filter screen is a 10 μm filter screen.
Optionally, one end of the sampling pipe for leading to the water body to be sampled is connected with a heavy hammer.
Optionally, the sampling tube is provided with a scale mark.
Optionally, a pull rope is connected to the heavy hammer, and a scale mark is arranged on the pull rope.
Optionally, the import of sampling pipe is provided with the second filter screen, the second filter screen is the 5mm filter screen.
Optionally, a liquid outlet pipe is connected to the bottom of the liquid storage barrel, and a water drain valve is mounted on the liquid outlet pipe.
Optionally, the vacuum pump is communicated with the liquid storage barrel through a vacuum-pumping pipeline, and the vacuum-pumping pipeline is connected to the top end of the liquid storage barrel.
Optionally, a handle is mounted on the housing, and a support is arranged at the bottom of the housing.
The invention provides a method for rapidly collecting micro-plastics in fresh water, which adopts the device for rapidly collecting the micro-plastics in the fresh water in any one of the schemes, and comprises the following steps:
extending the inlet end of the sampling pipe into the water body to be sampled;
starting a vacuum pump, communicating a three-way valve, and pumping a water sample in the water body into a liquid storage barrel through a filter;
monitoring the aspiration flow rate via a flow meter;
when the pumping flow reaches a preset value, switching a liquid inlet channel of the sampling pipe to be empty through a three-way valve, so that all water samples remained in the sampling pipe are pumped into the liquid storage barrel;
then the vacuum pump is closed, and the three-way valve is closed;
the filter is opened, the filter membrane is taken out, the substances on the filter membrane are treated in a laboratory, and then detection is carried out.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the device for rapidly collecting the micro-plastics in the fresh water, provided by the invention, the sampling pipe extends into a water body to be sampled, then water is taken in a vacuum suction mode, a water sample is stored in the liquid storage barrel after passing through the filter, so that the micro-plastics in the water sample are trapped in the filter, and then the trapped substances in the filter are extracted, so that the collection of the micro-plastics can be completed, and the manpower is greatly saved.
2. According to the device for rapidly collecting the micro-plastics in the fresh water, the filter is arranged outside the shell, the filter membrane can be conveniently replaced after evacuation is finished, and the intercepted substances in the filter are transferred to a laboratory through replacing the filter membrane, so that the purpose of reducing the transfer weight is achieved, and labor is further saved.
3. According to the device for rapidly collecting the micro-plastic in the fresh water, provided by the invention, the flow meter is used for monitoring the water suction amount, and after the preset water amount requirement is met, the device can be switched to be communicated with the atmosphere through the three-way valve, so that the suction of a water sample is immediately interrupted, the water sample remained in the sampling pipe is completely sucked to the filter, the water in the filter is sucked and filtered to the liquid storage barrel, the liquid storage barrel cannot bear larger vacuum pressure, and the service life of equipment is ensured.
4. The device for rapidly collecting the micro-plastic in the fresh water ensures that the inlet end of the sampling pipe sinks to the specified water surface depth through the heavy hammer, and ensures the sampling accuracy.
5. According to the device for rapidly collecting the micro-plastic in the fresh water, provided by the invention, the sampling pipe is provided with the scale mark, so that the sinking depth of the sampling pipe can be accurately controlled, and a water sample with a specified depth can be accurately pumped.
6. The device for rapidly collecting the micro-plastic in the fresh water can also control the sinking depth of the sampling pipe by arranging the scale marks on the pull rope.
7. According to the device for rapidly collecting the micro-plastics in the fresh water, the second filter screen with the thickness of 5mm is arranged at the inlet of the sampling pipe and is used for filtering other impurities in a water sample, so that the other impurities are prevented from being introduced into the filter, and the micro-plastics in the water sample are allowed to pass through.
8. According to the device for rapidly collecting the micro-plastic in the fresh water, the liquid outlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the liquid storage barrel, and after the collection is finished, filtrate in the liquid storage barrel can be released through the liquid outlet pipe, so that the weight of the device is reduced, and the device can be moved to the next collection point for continuous collection.
9. According to the device for rapidly collecting the micro-plastic in the fresh water, the vacuum-pumping pipe is connected to the top end of the liquid storage barrel, so that the liquid storage barrel can be conveniently vacuumized, filtrate in the liquid storage barrel is prevented from being pumped out, and the safety of a vacuum-pumping device is ensured.
10. According to the device for rapidly collecting the micro-plastic in the fresh water, the lifting handle is arranged on the shell, so that the device can be conveniently moved, the support is arranged at the bottom of the shell, the device is portable, the device can be conveniently placed in a sampling place, and the device can be easily moved among a plurality of sampling points.
11. The method for rapidly collecting the micro-plastic in the fresh water has the advantages that the device for rapidly collecting the micro-plastic in the fresh water is adopted; in addition, because flowmeter and three-way valve are close to the setting, when detecting through the flowmeter that the suction flow reaches the default, the timely suction to the water sample of cutting off of accessible three-way valve to through switching the three-way valve to empty, thereby will remain in the whole suctions of water sample to the stock solution bucket in the sampling tube, with the accuracy of the water yield of guaranteeing the sampling.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of an embodiment of a device for rapid collection of micro-plastics in fresh water according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a housing; 2. a liquid storage barrel; 3. a vacuum pump; 4. a filter; 5. a sampling tube; 6. a flow meter; 7. a three-way valve; 9. a weight dropper; 10. pulling a rope; 11. a liquid outlet pipe; 12. a water drain valve; 13. a vacuum pipeline is pumped; 14. a handle; 15. and (4) a bracket.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The embodiment provides a device that is arranged in little plastics of fresh water to gather fast, can be arranged in the fresh water body sampling to accurate convenient little plastics of gathering in the fresh water.
As shown in fig. 1, a specific embodiment of the apparatus for rapidly collecting micro plastic in fresh water provided in this embodiment includes: the device comprises a shell 1, wherein a liquid storage barrel 2 and a vacuum pump 3 are arranged inside the shell 1, an inlet of the vacuum pump 3 is communicated with the liquid storage barrel 2, and the vacuum pump 3 is used for vacuumizing the liquid storage barrel 2; a filter 4 is arranged outside the shell 1, the liquid outlet end of the filter 4 is communicated with the liquid storage barrel 2, the liquid inlet end of the filter 4 is connected with a sampling pipe 5, the filter 4 is communicated with a water body to be sampled through the sampling pipe 5, a flow meter 6 and a three-way valve 7 are arranged on the sampling pipe 5, and a second inlet of the three-way valve 7 is communicated with the atmosphere; the filter 4 is an openable fully-closed filter 4, and a detachable filter membrane is arranged in the filter 4.
Specifically, the flowmeter 6 can adopt a 304 stainless steel turbine flowmeter 6, and can digitally display the single water sampling amount and clear the reading when the water sampling amount is measured again.
According to the device for rapidly collecting the micro-plastic in the fresh water, the sampling pipe 5 extends into a water body to be sampled, then water is taken in a vacuum suction mode, a water sample passes through the filter 4 and then is stored in the liquid storage barrel 2, so that the micro-plastic in the water sample is retained in the filter 4, and then the retained matter in the filter 4 is extracted, so that the micro-plastic can be collected, and the labor force is greatly saved; in addition, because with the filter setting in the casing outside, after managing to find time, can transport the inside interception thing of filter to the laboratory through changing the filter membrane to reach the purpose that lightens and transport weight, further use manpower sparingly. Meanwhile, as the second inlet of the three-way valve is communicated with the atmosphere, in the process of pumping the water sample, the pumped water amount is monitored through the flowmeter 6, and after the requirement of the preset water amount is met, the three-way valve can be switched to be communicated with the atmosphere, so that the pumping of the water sample is interrupted immediately, the requirement of accurately controlling the water taking amount is met, and the sampling precision is improved. When the three-way valve is switched to be communicated with the atmosphere, the vacuum pump 3 is closed, and all water samples remained in the sampling pipe can be pumped into the filter 4, so that the sampling precision is further improved, and then the water in the filter 4 is pumped and filtered into the liquid storage barrel 2 through the pumping of the vacuum pump 3, so that the enrichment of micro-plastics is achieved; in addition, the working process can not cause the liquid storage barrel 2 to bear larger vacuum pressure, and the service life of the equipment is ensured. Furthermore, the inlet of the second inlet of the three-way valve is provided with a first filter screen which is a filter screen with the diameter of 10 microns and is used for preventing micro-plastics in air from entering the device.
As shown in fig. 1, in the device for rapidly collecting micro plastic in fresh water provided by this embodiment, an inlet end of the sampling tube 5 for leading to a water body to be sampled is connected with a heavy hammer 9. The weight 9 can be made of stainless steel, the sampling tube 5 is made of tetrafluoroethylene material, or a tube with tetrafluoroethylene coating on the inner wall, so that a new pollution source is prevented from being introduced in the process of pumping a water sample; the weight 9 is used for partially extending the sampling tube 5 into the lower part of the water body, and after the work is finished, the sampling tube 5 can be stored, so that the portability of the device is improved; in addition, the heavy hammer 9 ensures that the inlet end of the sampling pipe 5 sinks to the designated water surface depth, and the sampling accuracy is ensured.
As shown in fig. 1, in the device for rapidly collecting micro plastic in fresh water provided in this embodiment, a scale mark is provided on the sampling tube 5. Through this scale sign, the accurate control sampling pipe 5's of can being convenient for sink the degree of depth, the water sample of the appointed degree of depth of accurate suction. In addition, as an alternative embodiment, a pull rope 10 may be connected to the weight 9, and a scale mark may be provided on the pull rope 10, so that the depth measurement may be more accurate through the pull rope 10.
As shown in fig. 1, in the device for rapidly collecting micro plastic in fresh water provided by this embodiment, the inlet of the sampling tube 5 is provided with a second filter screen, which is a 5mm filter screen, and is used for preventing impurities with larger sizes from entering into the device and allowing micro plastic in a water sample to pass through.
As shown in fig. 1, in the device for rapidly collecting micro plastic in fresh water provided in this embodiment, a liquid outlet pipe 11 is connected to the bottom of the liquid storage barrel 2, and a water drain valve 12 is installed on the liquid outlet pipe 11. After the collection is finished, the filtrate in the liquid storage barrel 2 can be released through the liquid outlet pipe 11, so that the weight of the device is reduced, and the device is convenient to move to a next collection point for continuous collection.
As shown in fig. 1, in the device for rapidly collecting micro plastic in fresh water provided in this embodiment, the vacuum pump 3 is communicated with the liquid storage barrel 2 through a vacuum-pumping pipeline 13, and the vacuum-pumping pipeline 13 is connected to the top end of the liquid storage barrel 2. Connect the top at liquid storage bucket 2 with the evacuation pipe, can be convenient for carry out the evacuation to liquid storage bucket 2, avoid taking out the filtrating in the liquid storage bucket 2, guarantee evacuation equipment's safety.
As shown in fig. 1, in the device for rapidly collecting micro plastic in fresh water provided by this embodiment, a handle 14 is installed on the housing 1, and a support 15 is disposed at the bottom of the housing 1. After sampling at a sampling point, can carry out convenient removal to the device through hand power handle 14, can fix the device in arbitrary sampling point department through support 15.
In addition, the embodiment also provides a method for rapidly collecting micro-plastics in fresh water, which adopts the device for rapidly collecting micro-plastics in fresh water described in the embodiment to collect micro-plastic samples with a size of 10 μm to 5mm in a water sample, and comprises the following steps:
the inlet end of the sampling pipe 5 is extended into the water body to be sampled;
starting the vacuum pump 3, communicating the three-way valve 7, and pumping the water sample in the water body into the liquid storage barrel 2 through the filter 4;
the aspiration flow is monitored by a flow meter 6;
when the pumping flow reaches a preset value, switching the liquid inlet channel of the sampling pipe 5 to be empty through the three-way valve 7, so that all the water samples remained in the sampling pipe 5 are pumped into the liquid storage barrel 2, then closing the vacuum pump 3, and closing the three-way valve 7; specifically, for example, the sampling amount can be controlled to be 10L, at the moment, the liquid storage barrel 2 can be set to be 12L, when the sampling amount is reached by pumping, the three-way valve 7 is immediately switched to be empty, water sample collection can be stopped, all water samples remained in the sampling tube are pumped into the liquid storage barrel 2 by using vacuum, and then, the filter 4 is further subjected to suction filtration by using vacuum, so that the micro plastic is enriched on a filter membrane of the filter 4;
and after the pressure displayed by the pressure gauge of the vacuum pump 3 is gradually reduced and stabilized, the suction filtration is finished.
Opening the filter 4 and taking out the filter membrane;
the material on the filter was processed in the laboratory and then detected.
After one-time suction filtration is finished, the water drain valve 12 is opened, filtrate in the liquid storage barrel 2 is discharged, and then next suction filtration sampling is carried out.
The sampling method provided by the embodiment can avoid external environmental pollution in an outdoor environment. Through vacuum filtration, the completion sample collection of convenience obtains the stainless steel filter screen after the sample enrichment, and proper preservation is transported to the laboratory. The sampling device has the advantages of being accurate in sampling amount, saving manpower and reducing pollution and errors.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device that is used for little plastics to gather fast in fresh water, its characterized in that includes:
the device comprises a shell (1), wherein a liquid storage barrel (2) and a vacuum pump (3) are arranged in the shell, an inlet of the vacuum pump (3) is communicated with the liquid storage barrel (2), and the vacuum pump (3) is used for vacuumizing the liquid storage barrel (2);
the filter (4) is arranged outside the shell (1), the liquid outlet end of the filter (4) is communicated with the liquid storage barrel (2), the liquid inlet end of the filter (4) is connected with a sampling pipe (5), the filter (4) is communicated with a water body to be sampled through the sampling pipe (5), a flow meter (6) and a three-way valve (7) are arranged on the sampling pipe (5), and a second inlet of the three-way valve (7) is communicated with the atmosphere;
the filter (4) is an openable fully-closed filter (4), and a detachable filter membrane is arranged in the filter (4).
2. The device for the rapid collection of micro-plastics in fresh water according to claim 1, characterized in that the second inlet of the three-way valve (7) is provided with a first filter screen, and the first filter screen is a 10 μm filter screen.
3. The device for rapidly collecting the micro-plastics in the fresh water as claimed in claim 1, wherein a heavy hammer (9) is connected to one end of the sampling tube (5) for leading to the water body to be sampled.
4. The device for rapidly collecting the micro-plastics in the fresh water as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sampling tube (5) is provided with scale marks.
5. The device for rapidly collecting the micro plastic in the fresh water as claimed in claim 3, wherein a pull rope (10) is connected to the weight (9), and the pull rope (10) is provided with scale marks.
6. The device for the rapid collection of micro-plastics in fresh water according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inlet of the sampling tube (5) is provided with a second filter screen, which is a 5mm filter screen.
7. The device for rapidly collecting the micro-plastics in the fresh water as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a liquid outlet pipe (11) is connected to the bottom of the liquid storage barrel (2), and a water drain valve (12) is installed on the liquid outlet pipe (11).
8. The device for the rapid collection of micro-plastics in fresh water as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the vacuum pump (3) is communicated with the liquid storage barrel (2) through a vacuum-pumping pipeline (13), and the vacuum-pumping pipeline (13) is connected to the top end of the liquid storage barrel (2).
9. The device for the rapid collection of micro-plastics in fresh water according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a handle (14) is mounted on the housing (1), and a bracket (15) is arranged at the bottom of the housing (1).
10. A method for rapid collection of micro-plastics in fresh water, which is characterized in that the device for rapid collection of micro-plastics in fresh water according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted, and comprises the following steps:
the inlet end of the sampling pipe (5) is extended into the water body to be sampled;
starting a vacuum pump (3), communicating a three-way valve (7), and pumping a water sample in the water body into a liquid storage barrel (2) through a filter (4);
monitoring the aspiration flow rate by means of a flow meter (6);
when the pumping flow reaches a preset value, the liquid inlet channel of the sampling pipe (5) is switched to be empty through the three-way valve (7), so that all water samples remained in the sampling pipe are pumped into the liquid storage barrel (2);
then the vacuum pump (3) is closed, and the three-way valve (7) is closed;
the filter (4) is opened, the filter membrane is removed, the material on the filter membrane is treated in the laboratory and then detected.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211383582.7A CN115901356A (en) | 2022-11-07 | 2022-11-07 | Device and method for rapidly collecting micro-plastic in fresh water |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211383582.7A CN115901356A (en) | 2022-11-07 | 2022-11-07 | Device and method for rapidly collecting micro-plastic in fresh water |
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| CN115901356A true CN115901356A (en) | 2023-04-04 |
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| CN202211383582.7A Pending CN115901356A (en) | 2022-11-07 | 2022-11-07 | Device and method for rapidly collecting micro-plastic in fresh water |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116296581A (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-06-23 | 暨南大学 | Microplastic vertical sampling device for deep water body |
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2022
- 2022-11-07 CN CN202211383582.7A patent/CN115901356A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116296581A (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-06-23 | 暨南大学 | Microplastic vertical sampling device for deep water body |
| CN116296581B (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2024-03-15 | 暨南大学 | Microplastic vertical sampling device for deep water body |
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