CN115897293A - Antibacterial air filtering material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Antibacterial air filtering material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115897293A CN115897293A CN202211593139.2A CN202211593139A CN115897293A CN 115897293 A CN115897293 A CN 115897293A CN 202211593139 A CN202211593139 A CN 202211593139A CN 115897293 A CN115897293 A CN 115897293A
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- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
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- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000589517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 abstract description 4
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- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylaldehyde Natural products C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052613 tourmaline Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940070527 tourmaline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011032 tourmaline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an antibacterial air filtering material which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-75 parts of polyacrylonitrile fiber, 3-15 parts of low-melting-point fiber, 0.5-2 parts of dispersant and 10-30 parts of polyamine reagent. According to the antibacterial air filter material, antibacterial substances are loaded on the fibers, the antibacterial effect is good, the low-melting-point fibers are melted and polymerized, the strength of the filter material is greatly enhanced, the antibacterial air filter material has high antibacterial performance, and the antibacterial rate of the antibacterial air filter material on staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa is more than 99%; antibacterial reaction occurs simultaneously in the polymerization process of the low-melting-point fibers, the specific surface area of the fibers is objectively increased, and the air filtration efficiency is good.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of air filtering materials, and particularly relates to an antibacterial air filtering material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Along with the rapid development of society and the improvement of living standard of people, people gradually discover that harmful microorganisms such as bacteria and mold seriously harm the health, the living quality and the living environment of people, the requirements of people on health consciousness and medical standard are higher and higher, and the resistance and the prevention to bacteria and viruses in daily production and life are also more and more emphasized, so that the safety of the lives and properties of people is better guaranteed. The air quality is the most intimate environmental factor of people's production and life, has great realistic meaning to the air purification treatment technology research, is one of the hot spots of research.
At present, the gas filtration technology and the antibacterial technology are separately implemented in air purification engineering and equipment, and the applied materials and processes thereof are also different from each other. Among them, general air filtration technology employs a device composed of a fiber or porous material, which can remove solid particles such as dust, pollen, mold and bacteria from the air, and a filter containing an adsorbent or a catalyst, which can also remove odor and gaseous pollutants. According to the material types, the air purifier can be generally divided into chemical fiber filter materials, activated carbon filter materials, mineral-based air purification materials and the like. Any impurity filtering process has an obvious defect that the impurities are enriched on the filter material along with the increase of the filtered impurities, and microorganisms enriched on the filter material can reproduce by taking the enriched impurities as nutrients, so that more pollutants are generated, and the air quality is finally influenced.
Polyacrylonitrile fiber is also called acrylon, and is fiber spun by acrylonitrile and other copolymer of the second monomer and the third monomer. The light-resistant and anti-moth-eating cotton has the characteristics of fluffy texture, small density, high resilience, excellent light resistance, weather resistance, moth-eating resistance, radiation resistance, anti-biotic degradation and good dyeing property. Industrially, polyacrylonitrile fibers are applied to the fields of outdoor fabrics, cement reinforcing materials, filter materials, preoxidized fibers, carbon fibers and the like. The cyano group (-CN) on the surface of the material can react with other chemical reagents, so that the material becomes a hotspot in the research and application fields.
Under the current state, more and more people begin to try the antibacterial performance of the air filtering material, and the market demand for the materials is increased rapidly. Furthermore, with the variation and the increase of drug resistance of viruses, bacteria and the like, the application of products with strong antibacterial performance is urgently needed. Patent CN201910886302.6 grafts the quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial monomer on the surface of the polypropylene film substrate to form a fiber filter material loaded with a long molecular chain, refines the filtering aperture of the filtering substrate, destroys the bacterial film by alkane chains containing more than 8 carbon atoms, achieves the effect of killing bacteria, is applied to the field of water quality filtration, has higher cost and has the risk of subsequent monomer dissolution. In patent CN114892345A, polypropylene, eutectic solvent, antibacterial peptide, etc. are mixed and co-melted, and then processed by a spunbond method or a melt-blown method to obtain an antibacterial polypropylene nonwoven fabric, the preparation method is not only high in cost, but also the antibacterial agent is easily lost in the spunbond and melt-blown processes. Patent CN114887396A introduces a preparation method of an air filter material with good antibacterial, disinfecting and transparency properties, which comprises the steps of melt-blowing a nanofiber suspension onto the surface of a porous transparent substrate to form a nanofiber membrane on the surface of the porous transparent substrate, spraying a nanowire solution onto the surface of the nanofiber membrane, and drying to obtain the air filter material with good antibacterial, disinfecting and transparency properties. Not only the steps are complicated, but also metal ions are adopted in the reaction process, so that the dissolution risk is realized. In patent CN113106633A, nano silver-loaded titanium dioxide and multiple nano particles are added to polypropylene for blending and spinning to obtain the antibacterial spunbonded fabric, which not only has high cost, but also the nano particles are easy to aggregate to cause spinneret orifice blockage. In patent CN109722788A, chitosan, nano zinc oxide, aromatic oil and the like are emulsified and dispersed, a complex prepared solution is added, and then salt, acid and quaternary ammonium salt are added to react to prepare an antibacterial capsule, and then the antibacterial capsule is mixed and melted with polypropylene to prepare the antibacterial non-woven fabric, which has complex components and complex process. Patent CN112746500A coats and impregnates the polypropylene non-woven fabric with the modified tourmaline layer and the quaternary ammonium salinized chitosan layer to obtain the antibacterial polypropylene non-woven fabric, and the mode of the after-treatment undoubtedly increases the production cost and also influences the structural performance of the non-woven fabric. Therefore, it is very necessary to research the processing technology of environmental protection, green and simple technology to prepare the antibacterial air filtering material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an antibacterial air filter material which is prepared by an environment-friendly, green and simple processing technology, low-melting-point fibers are mainly used for being compositely adhered at high temperature, polyacrylonitrile fibers and polyamine reagents react to generate antibacterial groups, and a base material prepared by a paper making method provides gas filtration and antibacterial properties.
The invention also provides a preparation method and application of the antibacterial air filtering material.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an antibacterial air filter material is a thermal bonding papermaking non-woven fabric and is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-75 parts of polyacrylonitrile fiber, 3-15 parts of low-melting-point fiber, 0.5-2 parts of dispersant and 10-30 parts of polyamine reagent.
Specifically, the low-melting fiber may be one or a mixture of two or more of polyolefin fiber and polyvinyl acetate fiber, such as low-density polyethylene fiber, polylactic acid (PLA) corn fiber, low-melting nylon thermal fuse, polypropylene fiber, etc.
Specifically, the dispersant may be any one of polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium lignosulfonate, and the like.
Specifically, the polyamine reagent may be one or a mixture of two or more of polyethylene polyamine, triethylene tetramine, diethylene triamine, and the like.
The invention provides a preparation method of the antibacterial air filtering material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, processing polyacrylonitrile fibers and low-melting-point fibers into short fibers for later use;
s2, placing the dispersing agent and the polyamine reagent into a container, adding a proper amount of water, and heating and stirring until the dispersing agent and the polyamine reagent are dissolved;
s3, placing the polyacrylonitrile fiber short fibers and the low-melting-point fiber short fibers processed in the step S1 into a container, and fully stirring the materials to be in a suspension state;
s4, manufacturing and forming the product obtained in the step 3 to obtain an antibacterial air filter material base material;
s5, drying the antibacterial air filter material base material obtained in the step 4, wherein the temperature is 105-130 ℃ in the drying process, and the drying time is 5-20min.
In the preparation method, the length of the polyacrylonitrile fiber short fiber and the low-melting-point fiber short fiber in S1 is 1 to 5mm, and the diameter is 3 to 15 mu m.
In the preparation method, the heating temperature of S2 is 30 to 70 ℃.
The preparation method further comprises the step of stirring in the step S3 for 5 to 60min.
Further, in S4, the antibacterial air filter material base material is obtained by a paper-making method, and can be made by hand paper-making or machine paper-making.
The invention mixes polyacrylonitrile fiber with dispersant, low melting point fiber and polyamine reagent in water solution, and uses fiber composite papermaking process to obtain the base material of filter material by using original fourdrinier, cylinder and multilayer former. In the heating and drying process, the drying temperature is increased, meanwhile, the short fiber fusion and the polyamine reagent are carried out to react with the polyacrylonitrile short fiber, and the air filtering material with antibacterial property is obtained. The antibacterial substances are loaded on the fibers, so that the antibacterial effect is good, the low-melting-point fibers are melted and polymerized, the strength of the filter material is greatly enhanced, and the filter material has high antibacterial performance; the antibacterial reaction is simultaneously generated in the polymerization process of the low-melting-point fibers, the specific surface area of the fibers is objectively increased, and the improvement of the air filtration efficiency is facilitated.
The invention mainly utilizes the low-melting-point fiber to be compositely adhered at high temperature, and the polyacrylonitrile fiber and the polyamine reagent react to generate the heteropolyamine fiber with antibacterial groups, thereby endowing the base material with better antibacterial performance. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The low-melting-point fiber used in the invention is polyolefin fiber or polyester fiber, polyacrylonitrile and other fibers can be thermally bonded after heating, and the obtained bonding filter material non-woven fabric has high mechanical strength;
(2) The heteropolyamine fiber prepared by the in-situ reaction of the polyacrylonitrile short fiber and the polyamine reagent in the drying process is nontoxic, has high antibacterial performance (antibacterial rate to staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa is more than 99% by carrying out antibacterial performance test according to FZ/T73023-2006 antibacterial knitwear and a vibration method), is environment-friendly, has simple production process, almost has no difference with a non-woven fabric making method, and is suitable for industrial production.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, all the raw materials are general commercial products available in the art or may be prepared by conventional methods in the art.
Example 1
An antibacterial air filter material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 68g of polyacrylonitrile fiber, 7g of low-density polyethylene fiber, 1.2g of dispersant polyacrylamide and 15g of polyamine reagent triethylene tetramine.
The preparation method of the antibacterial air filter material comprises the following steps:
s1, processing polyacrylonitrile fibers and low-density polyethylene fibers into polyacrylonitrile fiber short fibers and low-melting-point polyethylene fiber short fibers with the length of 3mm and the diameter of 5 microns for later use;
s2, placing the dispersing agent and the polyamine reagent into a container, adding 1000ml of water, heating to 50 ℃, and stirring for 45min until the dispersing agent and the polyamine reagent are completely dissolved;
s3, placing the polyacrylonitrile fiber short fibers and the low-density polyethylene fiber short fibers processed in the step S1 into a container, and fully stirring for 20min to be in a suspension state;
s4, manually manufacturing and molding the product obtained in the step 3 to obtain an antibacterial air filter material base material;
s5, drying the antibacterial air filtering material base material obtained in the step 4 at the temperature of 110 ℃ for 20min in the drying process, cooling and taking out to obtain the antibacterial air filtering material.
Antibacterial performance tests are carried out according to FZ/T73023-2006 antibacterial knitwear and a shaking method, and the bacteriostasis rate of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa is more than 99%.
Example 2
An antibacterial air filter material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65g of polyacrylonitrile fiber, 6g of polypropylene fiber, 1g of dispersant sodium lignosulfonate and 20g of polyamine reagent diethylenetriamine.
The preparation method of the antibacterial air filter material comprises the following steps:
s1, processing polyacrylonitrile fibers and polypropylene fibers into polyacrylonitrile fiber short fibers and polypropylene fiber short fibers with the length of 2mm and the diameter of 3 mu m for later use;
s2, placing the dispersing agent and the polyamine reagent into a container, adding 1000ml of water, heating to 50 ℃, and stirring for 45min until the dispersing agent and the polyamine reagent are completely dissolved;
s3, placing the polyacrylonitrile fiber short fibers and the polypropylene fiber short fibers processed in the step S1 into a container, and fully stirring for 20min to be in a suspension state;
s4, manually manufacturing and molding the product obtained in the step 3 to obtain an antibacterial air filter material base material;
s5, drying the antibacterial air filtering material base material obtained in the step 4 at the temperature of 125 ℃ for 8min in the drying process, cooling and taking out to obtain the antibacterial air filtering material.
Antibacterial performance tests are carried out according to FZ/T73023-2006 antibacterial knitwear and a shaking method, and the bacteriostasis rate of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa is more than 99%.
Example 3
An antibacterial air filtering material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75g of polyacrylonitrile fiber, 10g of polylactic acid corn fiber, 2.0g of dispersant polyvinyl alcohol and 25g of polyamine reagent polyethylene polyamine.
The preparation method of the antibacterial air filter material comprises the following steps:
s1, processing polyacrylonitrile fibers and polylactic acid corn fibers into polyacrylonitrile fiber short fibers and polylactic acid corn fiber short fibers with the length of 2mm and the diameter of 4 microns for later use;
s2, placing the dispersing agent and the polyamine reagent into a container, adding 1000ml of water, heating to 60 ℃, and stirring for 50min until the dispersing agent and the polyamine reagent are completely dissolved;
s3, placing the polyacrylonitrile fiber short fibers and the polylactic acid corn fiber short fibers processed in the step S1 into a container, and fully stirring for 25min to be in a suspension state;
s4, manually manufacturing and molding the product obtained in the step 3 to obtain the antibacterial air filter material base material;
s5, drying the antibacterial air filtering material base material obtained in the step 4 at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 10min in the drying process, cooling and taking out to obtain the antibacterial air filtering material.
Antibacterial performance tests are carried out according to FZ/T73023-2006 antibacterial knitwear by a vibration method, and the bacteriostatic rate of staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa is more than 99 percent.
Claims (10)
1. An antibacterial air filter material is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-75 parts of polyacrylonitrile fibers, 3-15 parts of low-melting-point fibers, 0.5-2 parts of dispersing agents and 10-30 parts of polyamine reagents.
2. The antibacterial air filtering material as claimed in claim 1, wherein said low-melting point fibers are one or a mixture of two or more of polyolefin-based fibers and polyvinyl acetate-based low-melting point fibers.
3. The antibacterial air filtration material of claim 1, wherein the dispersant is any one of polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, and sodium lignosulfonate.
4. The antimicrobial air filtration material of claim 1, wherein the polyamine agent is one or a mixture of two or more of polyethylene polyamine, triethylene tetramine, and diethylene triamine.
5. A method of making the antimicrobial air filtration material of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, processing polyacrylonitrile fibers and low-melting-point fibers into short fibers for later use;
s2, placing the dispersing agent and the polyamine reagent into a container, adding a proper amount of water, and heating and stirring until the dispersing agent and the polyamine reagent are dissolved;
s3, placing the polyacrylonitrile fiber short fibers and the low-melting-point fiber short fibers processed in the S1 into a container, and stirring the materials to be in a suspension state;
s4, manufacturing and forming the product obtained in the step 3 to obtain an antibacterial air filter material base material;
s5, drying the antibacterial air filter material base material obtained in the step 4, wherein the temperature is 105-130 ℃ in the drying process, and the drying time is 5-20min.
6. The preparation method of the antibacterial air filtering material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the polyacrylonitrile fiber staple fiber and the low-melting-point fiber staple fiber in S1 have a length of 1 to 5mm and a diameter of 3 to 15 μm.
7. The preparation method of the antibacterial air filtering material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the heating temperature of S2 is 30 to 70 ℃.
8. The preparation method of the antibacterial air filtering material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the stirring time in S3 is 5 to 60min.
9. The method for producing an antibacterial air filter according to claim 6, wherein the antibacterial air filter base material is obtained by a paper-making method in S4, and the paper-making is performed by hand or by machine.
10. Use of the antibacterial air filter material of any one of claims 1 to 4 in a mask, an air filter, an air conditioner filter screen.
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| CN109137506A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2019-01-04 | 浙江菲波新材料科技有限公司 | The preparation method of novel polypropylene nitrile fibrous material |
| CN115364579A (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-11-22 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Air filtering material and preparation method and application thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5470485A (en) * | 1994-03-05 | 1995-11-28 | Firma Carl Freudenberg | Electrostatically-effective air filter material |
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