CN1158970A - 'Black mirror' type structural solar energy heat collector and water heater employing the same - Google Patents
'Black mirror' type structural solar energy heat collector and water heater employing the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN1158970A CN1158970A CN 96120410 CN96120410A CN1158970A CN 1158970 A CN1158970 A CN 1158970A CN 96120410 CN96120410 CN 96120410 CN 96120410 A CN96120410 A CN 96120410A CN 1158970 A CN1158970 A CN 1158970A
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- thermal
- heat collector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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Abstract
The solar heat collector has cylindrical containers with fluid inside them and transparent wall on its side exposed to the sun. There are a selective transparent film layer on the sunny surface of the containers and a selective absorption film layer on other surface part. Two ends of the containers are connected separately to inlet and outlet pipes. By using water as one part of the solar energy absorbing layer "black mirror', the heat collector has lessheat loss. The solar water heater with said collector has simple structure and high solar energy converting effeciency, and is suitable for integral production with plastics.
Description
The present invention relates to solar thermal collector and solar water heater structure design field.
No matter existing solar thermal collector is flat or electron tubes type, all be outer surface by a container receive the solar radiation energy with the width of cloth penetrate can change heat energy into after, by the heat conduction heat is passed to again and is positioned at its inner water or other heat-carrying working medium.A series of like this is the roundabout process of the heat energy of water with the solar radiation power conversion, certainly will reduce the utilization ratio of solar radiation energy.Though can improve thermal conversion efficiency and reduce the thermal radiation loss by the light selective coating, being in airborne coating surface is the highest surface of heat collector temperature, its cross-ventilation heat loss is difficult to reduce.If be in Light Condition, its surface will reach a certain limit high temperature, and this can't use cheap macromolecular material to prepare container.Adopting the typical structure of the solar water heater that this class heat collector manufactures mainly is focusing place that heat collector is placed a reflecting surface, and improving the utilization rate of sunshine, but this water heater can't overcome the heat conducting loss of air between reflecting surface and the heat collector.No. 4038971 patents of the U.S. provide a kind of typical structure of this class water heater, as shown in Figure 1.This device is focusing place that a tubular type collector 11 is placed half garden arc reflective cylinder 12, and the tube wall of heat collector absorbs the sunshine of reflective cylinder reflection, and is converted into thermal energy transfer to the water in the pipe, and water is heated.For making reflecting surface collect more sunshine, this device is provided with rotating mechanism, can adjust the incidence angle that sunlight incides reflective cylinder.But the heat loss that is caused at semicircle die cavity inner air convection certainly will make inventor's effort have a greatly reduced quality, and the rotating mechanism complexity, adds the cost height, is difficult for installing and using.No. 94220461.1 patents of China provide another collecting efficiency composite parabolic Photospot solar water heater preferably, its structure as shown in Figure 2, mainly by the flute profile compound parabolic concentrator 22 that is arranged in the housing 21, the parabolic absorber plate 23 that is arranged on concentrator light outlet place is formed with the thermal-collecting tube 24 that the outer convex surface of absorber plate is arranged to one.But it has also strengthened the area of cross-ventilation loss heat equally when strengthening the daylighting endotherm area, thereby has influenced the raising of heat collector whole efficiency, and being processed into of this device, install adjust also comparatively complicated.
The objective of the invention is to for overcoming the weak point of prior art, the heat collector of a kind of " black mirror " formula structure is proposed, this device is directly with the part of water as solar absorbing layer in " black mirror ", reduced heat conduction loss, the present invention adopts the solar water heater of this heat collector design, simple in structure, compact, solar energy conversion efficiency height, and be applicable to that employing is cheap, the plastics of lightweight are integrated into.
The present invention proposes a kind of block lens type structure solar thermal collector, it is characterized in that, the column shape container of contain fluid in comprising, at least it is transparence to male portion to this chamber wall, and this vessel surface is selected film to male portion in conjunction with one deck transmitted light, the remainder inner surface absorbs light in conjunction with one deck and selects film, and these column shape container two ends are respectively equipped with opening, flows to pipe with fluid and effuser links to each other.
The said column shape container wall of the present invention be the plane to male portion, remainder can be the parabola or the garden cambered surface of inner focusing.Under the condition that structural strength allows, also can simply make the plane.Interior pipe with high reflectance surface also is set in the said column shape container, pipe two ends and the said pipe that flows in this, effuser is connected, and its tube wall has in a plurality of perforates and the said column shape container and communicates.Said inner tube outer surface is selected film in conjunction with one deck light absorption.Said column shape container surface select film to male portion in conjunction with one deck transmitted light, the remainder surface is in conjunction with one deck optical reflection film.
The present invention adopts above-mentioned heat collector to design a kind of solar water heater, is made up of heat collector and shell.Frame plate in the support that said shell is matched by shape and said heat collector back of the body male portion, the closure casing that sidewall and base plate are formed has at least a said column shape heat collector to embed to support and goes up on the frame plate.The composite transparent cellular board of being made up of transparent cover plate, honeycomb and air-gap is installed on the sunny slope of said stylostome.The honeycomb aperture of said cellular board is preferably less than 1/4 with the ratio of hole depth, can seal contain CO in the honeycomb hole
2Gas; Preferably leave the air-gap of 0.5～3mm between cellular board bottom and the stylostome.The foam glass steel that said support shell can be one of the forming, its foamed gas is CO
2, alveolitoid is the usefulness short glass fiber and the foaming alkyd resin composite material of sealing, outer surface is wrapped up in gel coat, is filled with foamed plastics in the shell.Said heat collector can be vertical placement, and each heat collector sunny slope can be in same plane.Said heat collector also can be horizontal placement, and every heat collector sunny slope is that identical oblique angle is placed, and the frame plate outer surface is a light reflection surface in the support between adjacent two thermal-collecting tubes.
The water heater of the another kind of structure of the present invention's design can be integrated frame plate in the support of heat collector and shell.Can being made up of transparent cover plate to male portion of the column shape container wall of said heat collector, remainder is formed with the last frame plate of part support of this transparent cover plate sealing-in by one, and the composite transparent cellular board is installed on this cover plate.
" black mirror " of the present invention formula solar thermal collector, because it utilizes the high character of the infrared ray absorbing rate of water own, directly with the part of water as solar absorbing layer in " black mirror ", the outer red spectral energy of solar spectrum energy about 40% is directly absorbed, improved efficient again.Transparent optical optional membrane and absorption light optional membrane's setting, improve the solar energy conversion efficiency to greatest extent, the present invention adopts the solar water heater structure of block lens type solar thermal collector design simple, thermal efficiency height, in conjunction with composite transparent honeycomb heat-insulation layer, under the condition that guarantees the sunlight transmissivity, suppress convection current by honeycomb hole in addition, further reduced the heat conduction loss of sunny slope, even make it also can use preferably in the winter time.Foam glass steelframe structure shell promptly plays a supportive role, and plays insulation effect again.Solar water heater of the present invention, structure can most ofly adopt the manufacturing of organic polymer synthetic material, therefore is easy to large-scale commercial production, with low cost, in light weight, the efficient height, good integrity especially is suitable for the urban skyscraper and uses as wall type solar water heater.
Brief Description Of Drawings:
Fig. 1 is one of the solar water heater structure of a prior art schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is two schematic diagrames of the solar water heater structure of prior art.
Fig. 3 is embodiment one structural representation of heat collector of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is embodiment two structural representations of heat collector of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is three structural representations of the solar water heater embodiment of employing heat collector of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is embodiment three water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe connection diagrams.
Fig. 7 is four structural representations of the solar water heater embodiment of employing heat collector of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is embodiment four water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe connection diagrams.
The present invention designs two kinds of heat collector embodiment and adopts these two kinds of thermal-collecting tube device structures to make two kinds of solar water heater embodiment, as Fig. 3-shown in Figure 8, is described in detail as follows in conjunction with each accompanying drawing:
Embodiment one, be a kind of collector structure, as shown in Figure 3, this heat collector comprises half garden shape column jecket 31, can adopt transparent plastic to make, and its plane is a sunny slope 311, the back side is half garden cambered surface 312, table has one deck tin ash transmitted light to select film 32 in the sunny slope, and garden cambered surface inner surface has one deck to absorb light optional membrane 33, can select materials such as aluminium oxide, black chromium, black nickel vulcanized lead for use.Two kinds of very thin films all can or be pasted by chemical deposition, plating, vacuum evaporation.Contain water 34 in the half garden shape column jecket 31, the pipe two ends have the entery and delivery port (not shown) that is connected with inlet tube and outlet tube respectively.
Embodiment two, are another kind of collector structure, as shown in Figure 4.Its structure and embodiment one are basic identical, comprise half garden shape column jecket 41, parabolic cylinder 412 by face south plane 411 and back of the body sun, transmitted light optional membrane 42 on the sunny slope inner surface and the light reflecting membrane of back side outer surface 43 are formed, on this basis, also comprise the interior pipe 44 that is arranged on parabolic cylinder focal line place in the column jecket 41.Should be connected with the entery and delivery port of column jecket at interior pipe two ends, have a plurality of apertures (shown in Fig. 8) on the tube wall of interior pipe two-end part.Interior pipe 44 adopts aluminum pipes, its surface is combined with and absorbs light selection coating 45, as aluminium oxide dyeing or black chromium plating, black nickel, after incident sunlight is incident upon the parabolic cylinder heat collector on the tube wall 412 time, be attached to 45 of lead plating films on this pipe outer wall with the incident ray reflect focalization on the light selective coating 45 of aluminum pipe 44, convert heat to again with heat transferred water by coating and light with incident.
Embodiment three, are a kind of solar water heater, and its structure as shown in Figure 5.This water heater adopts four thermal-collecting tubes 51 of embodiment one structure, they embed integrated foam glass steel and support to go up and be certain intervals, horizontal positioned abreast among the frame plate 52, thermal-collecting tube 51 sunny slopes and horizontal direction are an inclined angle alpha, frame plate constitutes a reflecting surface 521 with respect to the sunny slope inclination by supporting upward between two thermal-collecting tubes, on the sunny slope of every thermal-collecting tube honeycomb is installed, the composite transparent cellular board 53 that transparent cover plate and air-gap are formed, the honeycomb aperture of this honeycomb dividing plate and the ratio of hole depth be less than 1/4, envelope contain CO in the honeycomb hole
2Gas.Leave the air-gap of 0.5～3mm between honeycomb bottom and the sunny slope.Frame plate 52, sidewall 54 constitute a closure casing with base plate 55 in the above-mentioned support, for strengthening the support strength of housing, wherein can fill full foamed plastics 56.
In the present embodiment, the angle of inclination of sunny slope is the angle design that shines upon with the locality, guarantee when summer, the sun was in the extreme higher position, can effectively receive to shine upon, the metallized film that is attached to the heat collector outer surface can be refracted to the projection light of winter solar when the lower position on the thermal-collecting tube, thereby has strengthened the daylighting area of actual thermal-collecting tube.
Said transparent cover plate is to be made by sunlight transmitance high plastics or composite, it and honeycomb bond together, and honeycomb wall adopts aluminized polyester film to make, when honeycomb aperture and depth ratio＜1/4, the approaching wherein thermal conductivity factor of gas of the thermal conductivity factor of transparent cover plate is filled with CO in the hole
2, K
TDuring etc. low thermal conductivity gas, its heat insulation effect is better.Composite transparent cellular board heat-insulation system has been formed in gap between honeycomb and the thermal-collecting tube, can better improve heat insulation effect.When honeycomb wall aluminium coated＞50nm was thick, because to reflection of incident light, honeycomb hole formed photoconductive tube, and this will effectively reduce the refraction loss of sunshine different incidence angles and improve absorption to diffused light energy in the atmosphere, thereby raise the efficiency.
Present embodiment also can be designed to upper support frame with heat collector and shell and harden and be integrated, forming by a transparent cover plate of the column shape container wall of said heat collector to male portion, the remainder master connects by one and forms with the last frame plate of part support of its sealing-in, and the composite transparent cellular board is installed on this cover plate.
The present embodiment inlet tube and outlet tube is connected as shown in Figure 6 with thermal-collecting tube, is series system, and promptly the outlet pipe 611 of first pipe 61 links to each other with the water inlet pipe 622 of second pipe 62, by that analogy.
Present embodiment is particularly suitable for being hung on exterior wall or the balcony outside because its body is light and simple installation in the urban skyscraper.
Embodiment four, are another kind of water heater structure, as shown in Figure 7.This water heater adopts six thermal-collecting tubes 71 of embodiment two structures, their embed the foam glass steel identical with embodiment three and support among the frame plate 72, its difference is that thermal-collecting tube is vertically placed and closely arranged mutually, the sunny slope 711 of every thermal-collecting tube is in the same plane, the big compound and transparent honeycomb plate 73 of one monoblock is installed on it, the honeycomb bottom is the air-gap 731 of 0.5～5mm with the sunny slope face, the structure of cellular board and embodiment three are identical, frame plate in the support is also filled full foamed plastics 76 in the shell that sidewall 74 and base plate 75 constitute.Present embodiment inlet tube and outlet tube 81,82 is connected with thermal-collecting tube 83, as shown in Figure 8, is parallel way, and cold water flows into hot water and flows out from top from the bottom.Aluminum pipe 84 its tops that are positioned at the heating tube center are communicated with the water of aluminum pipe inside and outside with the intercommunicating pore 85 of bottom, and make added, the water of heat is pooled to effuser 82.Owing to the effect of focusing system in the present embodiment, improved the temperature difference of the water in the heating tube, help improving programming rate and help to promote Natural Circulation.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of block lens type structure solar thermal collector, it is characterized in that, the column shape container of contain fluid in comprising, at least it is transparence to male portion to this chamber wall, this vessel surface is selected film to male portion in conjunction with one deck transmitted light, the remainder inner surface absorbs light in conjunction with one deck and selects film, and these stylostome two ends are respectively equipped with that opening flows to pipe with fluid and effuser links to each other.
2, block lens type structure solar thermal collector as claimed in claim 1, what it is characterized in that said column shape container is the plane to male portion, remainder is garden cambered surface, parabola or the plane of inner focusing.
3, block lens type structure solar thermal collector as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that also being provided with in the said column shape container an interior pipe with high reflectance surface, should in pipe two ends and the said pipe that flows to, effuser is connected, its tube wall has in a plurality of perforates and the said column shape container and communicates; Said column shape container surface select film to male portion in conjunction with one deck transmitted light, the remainder surface is in conjunction with one deck optical reflection film.
4, block lens type structure solar thermal collector as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that said inner tube outer surface is in conjunction with one deck light absorption selection film.
5, adopt the solar water heater that constitutes as the described heat collector of claim 1～4, comprise heat collector and support shell, it is characterized in that, frame plate in the support that said shell is matched by shape and said thermal-collecting tube back of the body male portion, the closure casing that sidewall and base plate are formed has at least said thermal-collecting tube to embed on the bracing frame.
6, solar water heater as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that on the sunny slope of said stylostome the composite transparent cellular board of being made up of transparent cover plate, honeycomb and air-gap being installed.
7, solar water heater as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that said thermal-collecting tube is vertical placement, and every thermal-collecting tube sunny slope is in same plane.
8, solar water heater as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that said heat collector is horizontal placement, and every thermal-collecting tube sunny slope is identical like the oblique angle placement, and the bracing frame outer surface between adjacent two thermal-collecting tubes is a light reflection surface.
9, employing is as the solar heat device of the described heat collector of claim 1-4, comprise the support shell, it is characterized in that said shell is by support is put on the shelf, sidewall and base plate are formed closure casing, forming by a transparent cover plate of the column shape container wall of said heat collector to male portion, remainder supports to put on the shelf with the part of its sealing-in by one to be formed, and the composite transparent cellular board is installed on this cover plate.
10, solar water heater as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that the foam glass steel that said support shell is one of the forming, and its foamed gas is CO
2, alveolitoid is the usefulness short glass fiber and the foaming alkyd resin composite material of sealing, outer surface is wrapped up in gel coat, is filled with foamed plastics in the shell.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96120410 CN1158970A (en) | 1996-10-25 | 1996-10-25 | 'Black mirror' type structural solar energy heat collector and water heater employing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96120410 CN1158970A (en) | 1996-10-25 | 1996-10-25 | 'Black mirror' type structural solar energy heat collector and water heater employing the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1158970A true CN1158970A (en) | 1997-09-10 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96120410 Pending CN1158970A (en) | 1996-10-25 | 1996-10-25 | 'Black mirror' type structural solar energy heat collector and water heater employing the same |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1158970A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007124654A1 (en) * | 2006-04-30 | 2007-11-08 | Jiwen Zhang | A light-heat gathering solar energy device |
| WO2007124655A1 (en) * | 2006-04-30 | 2007-11-08 | Jiwen Zhang | A light-heat gathering solar plate device |
| CN101975463A (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2011-02-16 | 张晋 | Light concentrating and collecting device of solar energy thermoelectric unit by parabolic cylinder |
| CN102778053A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-11-14 | 苏州张扬能源科技有限公司 | Solar heat collector |
| CN109827344A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-05-31 | 北方工业大学 | Gas expansion driving liquid light-gathering type light-dimming heat collection system and method |
| EP4293296A1 (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2023-12-20 | Zhejian Shentai Solar Energy Co., Ltd. | New integral flat -panel type solar water heater |
-
1996
- 1996-10-25 CN CN 96120410 patent/CN1158970A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007124654A1 (en) * | 2006-04-30 | 2007-11-08 | Jiwen Zhang | A light-heat gathering solar energy device |
| WO2007124655A1 (en) * | 2006-04-30 | 2007-11-08 | Jiwen Zhang | A light-heat gathering solar plate device |
| US10931227B2 (en) | 2006-04-30 | 2021-02-23 | Jiwen Zhang | Light-heat energy gathering solar energy device |
| CN101975463A (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2011-02-16 | 张晋 | Light concentrating and collecting device of solar energy thermoelectric unit by parabolic cylinder |
| CN102778053A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-11-14 | 苏州张扬能源科技有限公司 | Solar heat collector |
| CN109827344A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-05-31 | 北方工业大学 | Gas expansion driving liquid light-gathering type light-dimming heat collection system and method |
| EP4293296A1 (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2023-12-20 | Zhejian Shentai Solar Energy Co., Ltd. | New integral flat -panel type solar water heater |
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