CN115896800B - Cleaning agent and application and recovery method thereof in metal cleaning - Google Patents

Cleaning agent and application and recovery method thereof in metal cleaning Download PDF

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CN115896800B
CN115896800B CN202211547236.8A CN202211547236A CN115896800B CN 115896800 B CN115896800 B CN 115896800B CN 202211547236 A CN202211547236 A CN 202211547236A CN 115896800 B CN115896800 B CN 115896800B
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cleaning agent
cleaning
metal
monofluorodichloroethane
recovery method
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CN115896800A (en
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黄德顺
赵鹏翔
岳国宗
赵晓冲
王小英
鲍永鑫
李鱼飞
朱婧
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Institute of Materials of CAEP
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal cleaning products, and particularly relates to a cleaning agent and an application and recovery method thereof in metal cleaning. The main component of the cleaning agent is fluorodichloroethane, has lower toxicity (lower than dichloromethane) and lower ozone depletion coefficient (OPD is 10 percent of CFC 113), can effectively remove greasy dirt and dust remained on the surface of metal, can realize quick volatilization and no residue, improves the cleaning efficiency, and solves the problems of cleaning removal and quick drying of the greasy dirt remained on the surface in the machining process of the metal material.

Description

Cleaning agent and application and recovery method thereof in metal cleaning
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal cleaning products, and particularly relates to a cleaning agent and an application and recovery method thereof in metal cleaning.
Background
The metal surface is stained with grease, dust and other impurities in the machining engineering, and the surface is required to be cleaned before entering the subsequent process. In order to ensure the safety and the high efficiency of the cleaning process, the selected cleaning agent needs to be flame-retardant, and the cleaning agent needs to be quickly volatilized and has no residue after cleaning.
Currently, cleaning agents on the market are mainly classified into water-based cleaning agents and solvent-type cleaning agents. The water-based cleaning agent has low cleaning efficiency and strong corrosiveness, needs to be heated or ultrasonically rinsed for multiple times, has low volatilization speed, needs to be dried by hot air or vacuum, and has low cleaning efficiency. The solvent cleaning agent mainly comprises hydrocarbon cleaning agent and halogenated hydrocarbon cleaning agent. The hydrocarbon cleaning agent has good cleaning effect on grease, but is inflammable and explosive, unsafe to use and low in volatilization rate, and additives such as high-boiling components or surfactants are easy to remain on the surface of metal, so that the next process is influenced. The halogenated hydrocarbon cleaning agent has high flame retardant cleaning efficiency, is an ideal metal cleaning agent, but certain halogenated hydrocarbon cleaning agents are harmful to the environment and human bodies, such as methylene dichloride, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, and can cause the damage of an atmospheric ozone layer and the damage of a human nervous system.
In order to reduce toxicity of halogenated hydrocarbon cleaning agent, chinese patent 201510648309.6 discloses an environment-friendly fluorine-containing cleaning agent and a preparation method thereof, wherein fluorohydro-alcohol is used as an initiator to carry out ring-opening reaction with epichlorohydrin under the action of a catalyst to obtain hydrofluoroether, and then the hydrofluoroether and alkyl glycoside are used for substitution reaction under the catalysis of sodium alkoxide to prepare the fluorine-containing cleaning agent. However, the cleaning agent has complex preparation flow and high cost, and can only be used as an active ingredient of the composite cleaning agent, so that the aim of quick volatilization cannot be achieved. Chinese patent 201510268196.7 prepares an environment-friendly flame-retardant solvent cleaning agent by taking fluorine-free propane/perfluoro ether as a cleaning main agent, ethanol/isopropanol as an azeotropic solvent and glycol ether as a cleaning auxiliary agent, but the cleaning agent needs to be heated and generates high pressure when being prepared, and the boiling point of formed azeotrope is higher than 80 ℃ and cannot be volatilized quickly, so that a cleaning agent with low toxicity and easy volatilization needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a cleaning agent and an application and recovery method thereof in metal cleaning. The main component of the cleaning agent is the fluorodichloroethane, has lower toxicity and lower ozone depletion coefficient, has the advantages of low boiling point and easy volatilization, and can realize quick volatilization without residue.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
The invention provides a cleaning agent, which comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 95-100% of monofluorodichloroethane and 0-5% of short-chain alkane, wherein the short-chain alkane comprises one or more of petroleum ether, normal hexane and normal pentane, and the volume fraction of the short-chain alkane in the cleaning agent is not 0.
Preferably, the cleaning agent comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 95-99% of monofluorodichloroethane and 1-5% of short-chain alkane.
Preferably, the cleaning agent comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 95% of monofluorodichloroethane and 5% of petroleum ether.
Preferably, the cleaning agent comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 98% of monofluorodichloroethane and 2% of n-hexane.
Preferably, the cleaning agent comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 99% of monofluorodichloroethane and 1% of n-pentane.
The invention also provides application of the cleaning agent in metal cleaning.
Preferably, the dosage ratio of the cleaning agent to the metal to be cleaned is 4-6 mL:0.5g.
Preferably, the metal comprises aluminium, zinc, steel, iron, lanthanide metals or actinide metals.
The invention also provides a recovery method of the cleaning agent, which preferably comprises the following steps:
distilling the used cleaning agent to obtain the cleaning agent, wherein the cleaning agent is the cleaning agent in the technical scheme.
Preferably, the distillation is atmospheric distillation, and the temperature of the distillation is selected to be 55-65 ℃.
The main component of the cleaning agent is the monofluorodichloroethane, has lower toxicity (lower than dichloromethane) and lower ozone depletion coefficient (OPD is 10 percent of CFC 113), has the advantage of low boiling point and easy volatilization, and can realize quick volatilization and no residue.
The monofluorodichloroethane in the cleaning agent has better solubility to polar and nonpolar substances, has strong cleaning capability, and can effectively remove the residual greasy dirt and dust on the metal surface; meanwhile, short-chain alkane is added into the cleaning agent, has strong dissolving capacity for nonpolar greasy dirt, can further improve the cleaning capacity of the fluorodichloroethane by being matched with the fluorodichloroethane, has the characteristic of easy volatility, and has no residue after being used.
The cleaning agent disclosed by the invention has low toxicity and low odor, can obtain a comfortable working environment in a closed working environment, has little harm to the environment and is biostable, and belongs to an environment-friendly cleaning agent; the fluorodichloroethane also has the advantage of flame retardance, is safe to use and store, and is a flame retardance, quick volatilization and environment-friendly type cleaning agent.
The invention also provides application of the cleaning agent in metal cleaning, solves the problems of cleaning and removing of residual greasy dirt and dust on the surface and quick drying in the machining process of the metal material, has strong cleaning capability on the greasy dirt, can be quickly volatilized after cleaning, has no residue, can reduce the time of cleaning procedures, and improves the cleaning efficiency.
In addition, the cleaning agent can be recycled through simple distillation, and is suitable for continuous operation and circulation system operation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of test example 1 (including a cleaning effect test mode) according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cleaning agent, which comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 95-100% of monofluorodichloroethane and 0-5% of short-chain alkane, wherein the short-chain alkane comprises one or more of petroleum ether, normal hexane and normal pentane, and the volume fraction of the short-chain alkane in the cleaning agent is not 0.
In the present invention, materials and equipment used are commercially available in the art unless otherwise specified.
In the invention, the volume fraction of the monofluorodichloroethane in the cleaning agent is preferably 95-99%, the monofluorodichloroethane has lower toxicity (lower than dichloromethane) and lower ozone depletion coefficient (OPD is 10% of CFC 113), and the cleaning agent has the advantages of low boiling point and easy volatilization, and can realize quick volatilization without residue after cleaning.
In the present invention, the volume fraction of the short-chain alkane in the cleaning agent is preferably 1 to 5%, and when the short-chain alkane preferably includes a plurality of petroleum ether, n-hexane and n-pentane, the proportion of each component is not particularly limited in the present invention.
In the present invention, the cleaning agent preferably comprises the following components in volume fraction: 95-99% of monofluorodichloroethane and 1-5% of short-chain alkane.
In the invention, the metal cleaning agent is preferably composed of the following volume fractions: 95% of fluorodichloroethane, 5% of petroleum ether or the following components in percentage by volume: 98% of fluorodichloroethane, 2% of normal hexane or the following components in percentage by volume: 99% of monofluorodichloroethane and 1% of n-pentane.
The preparation method of the cleaning agent has no special requirement, the monofluorodichloroethane and the short-chain alkane are uniformly mixed, the mixing temperature is preferably room temperature, the mixing mode is preferably stirring, the stirring rotating speed is preferably 800rpm, and the time is preferably 10 minutes.
The invention also provides application of the cleaning agent in metal cleaning.
In the present invention, the metal preferably comprises aluminum, zinc, steel, iron, lanthanide metals or actinide metals.
In the present invention, the metal cleaning preferably includes cleaning and drying in sequence, the cleaning mode is preferably rinsing, and the rinsing time is preferably 1-2 min.
In the invention, the drying mode is preferably natural drying, the natural drying time is preferably 2-5 min, and the cleaning agent volatilizes automatically in the natural drying process to obtain a dry and clean metal sample.
In the invention, the dosage ratio of the cleaning agent to the metal to be cleaned is preferably 4-6 mL:0.5g, more preferably 5mL:0.5g.
The invention also provides a recovery method of the cleaning agent, which comprises the following steps:
and distilling the used cleaning agent (polluted cleaning agent) to obtain the cleaning agent (fresh cleaning agent), wherein the cleaning agent is the cleaning agent in the technical scheme.
In the present invention, the distillation is preferably an atmospheric distillation, and the temperature of the distillation is preferably 55 to 65 ℃, more preferably 60 ℃.
For further explanation of the present invention, the cleaning agent, its application in metal cleaning, and recovery method provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The cleaning agent of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 95% of monofluorodichloroethane and 5% of petroleum ether.
Example 2
The cleaning agent of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 98% of monofluorodichloroethane and 2% of n-hexane.
Example 3
The cleaning agent of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 99% of monofluorodichloroethane and 1% of n-pentane.
Test example 1
Immersing 0.5g of iron wire metal sample in guide rail oil (Gardner No. 32 or Shewander No. 32) for 10s, and taking out to obtain a sample to be cleaned;
Immersing samples to be cleaned in the cleaning agents (5 mL) of the examples 1-3 respectively, rinsing for 1min, taking out, standing at room temperature, and naturally volatilizing for 2min to obtain dry and clean metal samples. And detecting the cleaning effect of the cleaned sample through a surface cleanliness meter. The polluted cleaning agent is recycled by means of atmospheric distillation at 60 ℃.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of test example 1 of the present invention (including a cleaning effect test mode), followed by rail oil immersion, cleaning with a cleaning agent, air drying, and surface cleanliness measuring.
The cleaning effect data are shown in table 1, wherein the blank group is the test result of the uncontaminated sample (not immersed in rail oil): blank 1 is smooth surface, blank 2 is rough surface; the control group is the test result of the sample to be cleaned after the rail oil is soaked, and the numbers 1 to 3 are the test results after the cleaning agent of the examples 1 to 3 is cleaned respectively. The residual dirt on the surface was measured by a German analysis tower SITA surface cleaner, the RUF value represents the cleaning degree of the sample surface, and the smaller the value, the higher the cleaning degree.
Table 1 cleaning effect
As can be seen from Table 1, after the cleaning agent of the present invention is used for cleaning, the measured RUF value is close to that of the blank group and is far smaller than that of the unwashed control group sample (the sample to be cleaned after the rail oil is immersed), which indicates that the cleaning agent of the present invention can clean and remove the greasy dirt on the metal surface well.
While the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all embodiments of the invention, other embodiments of the invention can be made and still fall within the scope of the invention without undue effort.

Claims (9)

1. The cleaning agent is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by volume: 95-99% of monofluorodichloroethane and 1-5% of short-chain alkane, wherein the short-chain alkane comprises one or more of petroleum ether, n-hexane and n-pentane.
2. The cleaning agent according to claim 1, characterized by being a component of the following volume fractions: 95% of monofluorodichloroethane and 5% of petroleum ether.
3. The cleaning agent according to claim 1, characterized by being a component of the following volume fractions: 98% of monofluorodichloroethane and 2% of n-hexane.
4. The cleaning agent according to claim 1, characterized by being a component of the following volume fractions: 99% of monofluorodichloroethane and 1% of n-pentane.
5. Use of the cleaning agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4 for metal cleaning.
6. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that the ratio of the amount of cleaning agent to the metal to be cleaned is 4-6 mL:0.5g.
7. Use according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the metal comprises aluminium, zinc, steel, iron, lanthanide or actinide.
8. The recovery method of the cleaning agent is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Distilling the used cleaning agent to obtain the cleaning agent, wherein the cleaning agent is the cleaning agent of any one of claims 1-4.
9. The recovery method according to claim 8, wherein the distillation is an atmospheric distillation, and the distillation temperature is 55 to 65 ℃.
CN202211547236.8A 2022-12-05 2022-12-05 Cleaning agent and application and recovery method thereof in metal cleaning Active CN115896800B (en)

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