CN115896775A - Copper-coated graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Copper-coated graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a copper-coated graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of gradient composite materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing copper-coated graphite composite powder with copper powder to obtain copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder; and spraying the copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder with different graphite contents on a matrix in sequence, and removing the matrix after drying to obtain the copper-coated graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material. The copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material prepared by the preparation method has good interface bonding effect between graphite and copper. The room temperature conductivity of the material is greater than 85% IACS due to good interfacial bonding. The preparation method of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material provided by the invention is simple, low in cost, strong in operability, mild in reaction conditions, suitable for large-scale production and capable of reducing the investment of equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gradient composite materials, in particular to a copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Copper and copper alloy have been widely used in the fields of aerospace, mechanical industry, energy and chemical industry, electrical and electronic industry, etc. because of their advantages of good electrical and thermal conductivity, strong ductility, corrosion resistance and easy forming. However, the mechanical properties of copper and copper alloy are poor, and the mechanical properties of the copper-based composite material are improved by introducing the traditional particle or fiber reinforcement, but the reduction of the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity caused by the traditional particle or fiber reinforcement limits the application range of the copper-based composite material.
The metal carbon graphite material obviously improves the mechanical strength and the wear resistance of the material, reduces the porosity, enhances the unit load during application, improves the heat conduction and the electric conduction, and the like, and is widely applied to mechanical carbon with higher requirements on technical parameters. The graphite has stable property, does not react with a copper matrix generally, and is an ideal reinforcement of the copper-based composite material. If the graphite can be successfully introduced into the copper-based composite material as a reinforcement, the mechanical property of the material can be improved, and the material has excellent electric conductivity and heat conductivity.
In the service process of the structure, the static force, the dynamic force, the heat and the like suffered by different regions are often greatly different, so in the design, the material performance requirements of different regions are correspondingly different, if the regions need high toughness, some regions need high modulus, and some regions need high heat conduction. In the same structure, a single component material cannot meet the requirement of large-scale performance change, and two or more materials need to be connected into a whole through a gradient area.
At present, the preparation of the gradient material is generally realized by welding or additive manufacturing, and the performance of the material on two sides of a welding seam area of the gradient material manufactured by the welding method shows discontinuous step change, and the material composition of the welding seam is difficult to control. The additive manufacturing method is adopted to manufacture gradient materials, and the additive manufacturing technology has various types, such as selective laser melting forming, selective electron beam melting forming, laser metal deposition forming, fuse additive manufacturing forming and the like, and the additive manufacturing methods all have the problem of excessive heat input and inevitably affect the performance of a coating and a substrate.
The cold spraying additive manufacturing technology does not need a high-temperature heat source to heat and melt the spraying material, the temperature of the material is far lower than the melting point of the material in the cold spraying process, the spraying particles are in a solid state before colliding with the matrix, the heat influence on the matrix is small, the material is low in oxidation and phase change and the grain growth degree in the whole spraying process, and the components and the structure of the spraying material can be reserved in the coating.
Therefore, how to prepare a high-performance gradient material by using a cold spraying technology to improve the interface bonding performance of the gradient material is a technical problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem of poor interface bonding performance caused by the preparation of a gradient material by using a composite material of a metal and a graphite material.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of a copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material, which comprises the following steps:
mixing copper-coated graphite composite powder with copper powder to obtain copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder;
spraying copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder with different graphite contents on a matrix in sequence, and removing the matrix to obtain a copper-coated graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material;
the content of graphite in the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder is 1-15%.
Further, the concrete steps of spraying the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder with different graphite contents on the matrix in sequence are as follows: copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder with graphite content of 1-5%, copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder with graphite content of 6-10% and copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder with graphite content of 11-15% are sequentially cold-sprayed on a substrate or two powders are sequentially cold-sprayed on the substrate.
Further, the cold spraying process parameters are independently as follows: the pressure is 3-5.5 MPa, the temperature is 500-800 ℃, the spraying distance is 10-30 mm, the walking speed is 20-80 mm/s, and the spraying thickness is 0.5-1.5 mm.
Furthermore, the particle size of the copper-clad graphite composite powder is 20-30 μm.
Furthermore, the purity of the copper powder is more than or equal to 99.9 percent, and the particle size of the copper powder is 20-50 mu m.
Further, the substrate comprises one of an aluminum plate, an aluminum alloy plate, a copper alloy plate, a magnesium alloy plate and a steel plate.
Further, the copper-clad graphite composite powder is prepared by adopting a chemical plating method or an electrolytic method, and the content of graphite in the copper-clad graphite composite powder is 30-50%.
The invention also provides a copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the composite powder mixed by the copper-clad graphite composite powder and the copper powder to carry out cold spraying additive manufacturing on the matrix, the powder is hardly oxidized, the coating porosity is low, the coating is compact, and the invention is beneficial to forming the high-quality copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material. Test results show that the density of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material obtained by the preparation method provided by the invention can reach 98.72, and graphite and copper have good interface bonding effect. Due to the good interfacial bonding, the room temperature conductivity of the material is greater than 85%.
The preparation method of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material provided by the invention is simple, low in cost, strong in operability, mild in reaction conditions, suitable for large-scale production and capable of reducing the investment of equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a preparation method of copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of copper-clad graphite composite powder prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of the copper powder provided in example 1;
FIG. 4 is an SEM image of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material of example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material, which comprises the following steps:
mixing copper-coated graphite composite powder with copper powder to obtain copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder;
spraying copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder with different graphite contents on a matrix in sequence, and removing the matrix to obtain a copper-coated graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material;
the content of graphite in the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder is 1-15%.
In the invention, the specific steps of sequentially spraying the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder with different graphite contents on a substrate are as follows: copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder with graphite content of 1-5%, copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder with graphite content of 6-10% and copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder with graphite content of 11-15% are sequentially cold-sprayed on a substrate or two powders are sequentially cold-sprayed on the substrate.
In the invention, preferably, the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder with 5 percent of graphite content, the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder with 10 percent of graphite content and the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder with 15 percent of graphite content are sequentially and cold-sprayed on the substrate or two powders are sequentially and cold-sprayed on the substrate.
In the invention, the content of graphite in the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder is preferably 2-12%, and more preferably 5-10%.
In the invention, the cold spraying process parameters are independently as follows: the pressure is 3-5.5 MPa, the temperature is 500-800 ℃, the spraying distance is 10-30 mm, the walking speed is 20-80 mm/s, and the spraying thickness is 0.5-1.5 mm; preferably, the process parameters of cold spraying are independently: the pressure is 4-5 MPa, the temperature is 650-750 ℃, the spraying distance is 15-25 mm, the walking speed is 30-60 mm/s, and the spraying thickness is 0.5-1.2 mm; further preferably, the cold spraying process parameters are independently: the pressure is 5MPa, the temperature is 700 ℃, the spraying distance is 20mm, the walking speed is 50mm/s, and the spraying thickness is 0.5-1.0 mm. The cold spraying parameters are more beneficial to improving the quality of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material.
In the invention, the device for mixing the copper-clad graphite composite powder and the copper powder is a V-shaped powder mixer, a three-dimensional powder mixer or a two-dimensional powder mixer, preferably a V-shaped powder mixer.
In the invention, the rotating speed of the cylinder of the V-shaped powder mixer is 15-30 r/min, preferably 20-25 r/min; the mixing time of the copper-clad graphite composite powder and the copper powder is 30-90 min, preferably 30-60 min.
In the invention, the mixing mode can promote the mixing of the copper-clad graphite composite powder and the copper powder, so that the copper powder is uniformly dispersed on the surface of the graphite.
In the invention, the V-shaped cylinder and the stirring blade of the V-shaped powder mixer rotate simultaneously, so that the copper-clad graphite composite powder and the copper powder are mixed in a turbulent rolling manner, and the rapid and uniform mixing is realized.
In the invention, the particle size of the copper-clad graphite composite powder is 20-30 μm, preferably 25-30 μm, and more preferably 30 μm.
In the invention, the purity of the copper powder is more than or equal to 99.9 percent, and preferably more than or equal to 99.99 percent; the particle size of the copper powder is 20 to 50 μm, preferably 30 to 40 μm, and more preferably 35 μm. In the invention, the higher the purity of the copper powder is, the fewer impurities in the copper powder are, and the stronger the conductivity is after the copper powder is made into a material. The particle size of the copper powder is preferably 20-50 microns, so that the requirement of spraying equipment can be met, and the defects that the smaller the particle size of the powder is, the more active the specific surface area is and the powder is easy to oxidize can be prevented.
In the present invention, the base body comprises one of an aluminum plate, an aluminum alloy plate, a copper alloy plate, a magnesium alloy plate and a steel plate, and preferably one of an aluminum alloy plate, a copper alloy plate and a magnesium alloy plate.
In the invention, the copper-clad graphite composite powder is prepared by adopting a chemical plating method or an electrolytic method, and the content of graphite in the copper-clad graphite composite powder is 30-50%, preferably 30%.
In the present invention, the substrate preferably comprises, before use, sand blasting, ultrasonic cleaning and drying the substrate in this order. The operation of the blasting, ultrasonic cleaning and drying is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the blasting, ultrasonic cleaning and drying operations known to those skilled in the art may be used. In the present invention, the solvent for the ultrasonic cleaning is preferably ethanol or acetone. In the present invention, the drying is preferably blow-drying with compressed air. The invention carries out sand blasting treatment, ultrasonic cleaning and drying on the substrate, so that the adhesive force between the substrate and the coating can be increased on the surface of the workpiece.
In the invention, the matrix is removed to obtain the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material. The manner of removing the substrate is preferably surface cutting. The cutting device is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a cutting device known to those skilled in the art may be used. In the present invention, the substrate is preferably removed by wire cutting. In the invention, a wire cutting machine cuts along the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate, and the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material coating is reserved.
After the matrix is removed, the remaining part is preferably cleaned and dried in sequence to obtain the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material. The manner of washing and drying is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be any manner known to those skilled in the art. In the present invention, the cleaning is preferably ultrasonic cleaning with acetone; the drying is preferably blow drying. The invention can remove oil stains on the surface of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material coating by cleaning and drying the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material coating, thereby obtaining the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material.
In the invention, the chemical plating method specifically comprises the following steps: fully soaking the graphite particles in absolute ethyl alcohol, and ultrasonically cleaning for 10min to remove oil stains on the surfaces of the graphite particles. And (3) washing with distilled water, taking out the graphite particles, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ to obtain the graphite particles without oil. Pouring 6mLHF into a plastic measuring cylinder, adding 200mL of distilled water, stirring, then pouring 10g of the graphite particles without oil into the prepared HF solution for coarsening, repeatedly washing with distilled water after coarsening is finished until the solution is in a neutral state, then taking out the graphite particles, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ to obtain coarsened graphite particles. Adding 6g SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O was added to a glass beaker containing 12mL of concentrated HCl and the SnCl was stirred with a glass rod 2 ·2H 2 O was dissolved in HCl solution, and 200ml of distilled water was added to prepare a sensitizing solution. And (3) placing the coarsened graphite particles in a sensitizing solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the coarsened graphite particles for 10min, then carrying out precipitation and filtration, and washing with distilled water to obtain the sensitized graphite particles. Adding a certain amount of AgNO into 20mL of distilled water 3 Dissolving and reacting to AgNO 3 Ammonia water is added into the solution drop by drop, and a glass rod is stirred until the solution is clear, so that an activation solution is obtained. And (3) putting the sensitized graphite particles into the activating solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10min, standing, precipitating, filtering, and washing with distilled water for multiple times. And pouring the cleaned graphite particles into a tray, and placing the tray in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ for drying to obtain activated graphite particles. Mixing 8g of CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O、 16gEDTA·2Na、20mgC 10 H 8 N 2 After dissolving the solution in 1000ml of distilled water, HCHO10ml was added at a concentration of 37%, and then NaOH was added to adjust the pH to 10, to obtain an electroless plating solution. And chemically plating the activated graphite particles in a water bath kettle at 70 ℃, and washing the graphite particles with distilled water for multiple times after plating to obtain the copper-coated graphite particles.
The electrolytic method specifically comprises the following steps: 100g of sodium hydroxide, 25g of sodium carbonate and 25g of sodium phosphate are added into 1000ml of distilled water, stirred and dissolved to obtain a deoiling solution. 100g of graphite powder was poured into the degreasing solution and subjected to ultrasonic treatment at 90 ℃ for 30min. And (3) washing with distilled water for multiple times, taking out the graphite particles, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ to obtain the deoiled graphite particles. To generate 200mLHNO 3 Pouring into a plastic measuring cylinder, adding 1000mL of distilled water, stirring, and then pouring 100g of the graphite particles without oil into the prepared HNO 3 Coarsening the solution, repeatedly washing the solution with distilled water after coarsening till the solution is in a neutral state, taking out the graphite particles, and drying the graphite particles in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃ to obtain coarsened graphite particles. Mixing 15g of CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O and 25gNaH 2 PO 2 Dissolving in 1000ml of distilled water to obtain a copper sulfate solution, adding 50g of graphite powder into 20ml of concentrated sulfuric acid, adding 50ml of distilled water, stirring for 30min by ultrasonic waves, and pouring into the copper sulfate solution to obtain a plating solution; pouring the plating solution into a plating bath, and stirring to start electrodeposition. Washing the copper-coated graphite with deionized water, and drying at 40 ℃ to obtain the copper-coated graphite powder.
The invention also provides a copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Copper-clad graphite composite powder (as shown in figure 2) with the particle size of 30 mu m is prepared by a chemical plating method, and the content of graphite in the copper-clad graphite composite powder is 30 percent. Selecting industrial electrolytic copper pure copper with the grain diameter of 30 μm and the purity of 99.99% (as shown in figure 3). Adding 5kg of copper powder and copper-clad graphite composite powder accounting for 20% of the mass percent of the copper powder into a V-shaped powder mixer to mix, wherein the rotating speed of a cylinder is 20r/min, and the mixing time is 30min. After the materials are uniformly mixed, placing the mixture in a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 1h at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder with the graphite content of 5 percent;
uniformly mixing 5kg of copper powder and copper-clad graphite composite powder accounting for 50% of the mass percent of the copper powder by adopting the same mixing mode as the method to obtain copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder with 10% of graphite content;
the aluminum alloy plate is used as a matrix, sand blasting is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate before spraying, and the aluminum alloy plate is dried by compressed air after ultrasonic cleaning by ethanol. The cold spraying process comprises the following steps: the working and powder feeding gas pressures are both 5MPa, the heating temperature is 700 ℃, the spraying distance is 20mm, and the traveling speed of the spray gun is 50mm/s;
spraying copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder with 5% of graphite content onto an aluminum alloy plate by adopting the cold spraying process, wherein the thickness is 1mm; then spraying copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder with 10% of graphite content, wherein the thickness is 0.5mm. Cutting along the surface of the aluminum alloy plate by using a wire cutting machine, reserving the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material coating, performing ultrasonic cleaning by using acetone, blow-drying, and removing oil stains on the surface of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material to obtain the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material (as shown in figure 4).
Example 2
Copper-clad graphite composite powder with the particle size of 25 mu m is prepared by a chemical plating method, and the content of graphite in the copper-clad graphite composite powder is 30 percent. Selecting industrial electrolytic copper pure copper with the grain diameter of 35 mu m and the purity of 99.99 percent. Adding 5kg of copper powder and copper-clad graphite composite powder accounting for 20% of the mass percent of the copper powder into a V-shaped powder mixer to mix, wherein the rotating speed of a cylinder is 20r/min, and the mixing time is 30min. After the materials are uniformly mixed, placing the mixture in a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 1h at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder with the graphite content of 5 percent;
uniformly mixing 5kg of copper powder and 33.33% of copper-coated graphite composite powder in percentage by mass of the copper powder by adopting the same mixing mode as the method to obtain 7.5% of copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder with graphite content;
the aluminum alloy plate is used as a matrix, sand blasting is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate before spraying, and the aluminum alloy plate is dried by compressed air after ultrasonic cleaning by ethanol. The cold spraying process comprises the following steps: the working pressure and the powder feeding pressure are both 5MPa, the heating temperature is 700 ℃, the spraying distance is 20mm, and the traveling speed of the spray gun is 40mm/s;
spraying copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder with 5% of graphite content onto an aluminum alloy plate by adopting the cold spraying process, wherein the thickness is 1mm; then copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder with the graphite content of 7.5 percent is sprayed, and the thickness is 0.75mm. Cutting along the surface of the aluminum alloy plate by using a wire cutting machine, reserving the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material coating, performing ultrasonic cleaning by using acetone, drying by blowing, and removing oil stains on the surface of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material to obtain the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material.
Example 3
The copper-clad graphite composite powder with the grain diameter of 30 mu m is prepared by a chemical plating method, and the content of graphite in the copper-clad graphite composite powder is 30 percent. Selecting industrial electrolytic copper pure copper with the grain diameter of 35 mu m and the purity of 99.99 percent. 5kg of copper powder and 20% of copper-clad graphite composite powder in percentage by mass are added into a V-shaped powder mixer to be mixed, the rotating speed of a cylinder is 20r/min, and the mixing time is 30min. After the mixed materials are uniform, placing the mixed materials in a vacuum drying oven for drying for 1h at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder with the graphite content of 5 percent;
uniformly mixing 5kg of copper powder and 33.33% of copper-clad graphite composite powder in percentage by mass of the copper powder to obtain 7.5% of copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder, and uniformly mixing 5kg of copper powder and 50% of copper-clad graphite composite powder in percentage by mass of the copper powder to obtain 10% of graphite-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder;
the aluminum alloy plate is used as a matrix, sand blasting is carried out on the aluminum alloy plate before spraying, and compressed air is used for drying after ultrasonic cleaning by ethanol. The cold spraying process comprises the following steps: the working and powder feeding gas pressures are both 5MPa, the heating temperature is 750 ℃, the spraying distance is 30mm, and the traveling speed of a spray gun is 40mm/s;
spraying copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder with 5% of graphite content onto an aluminum alloy plate by adopting the cold spraying process, wherein the thickness is 1mm; then spraying copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder with 7.5 percent of graphite content and copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder with 10 percent of graphite content in sequence, wherein the thicknesses are 0.75mm and 0.5mm respectively. Cutting along the surface of the aluminum alloy plate by using a wire cutting machine, reserving the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material coating, ultrasonically cleaning with acetone, blow-drying, and removing oil stains on the surface of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material to obtain the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material.
The test results of the density of the composite material layer with different graphite contents of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material prepared in this embodiment 3 are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
Selecting industrial electrolytic copper pure copper with the particle size of 30 mu m and the purity of 99.99 percent as cold spraying powder, and obtaining the 0 percent copper-clad graphite-copper composite material by the same steps as the example 1.
Table 1 test results of density of composite material layers with different graphite contents of copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material obtained in comparative example 1 and example 3
| Content of graphite | 0％ | 5％ | 7.5％ | 10％ |
| Compactness degree | 96.52 | 98.20 | 98.72 | 97.28 |
From the above embodiments, the invention provides a copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material and a preparation method thereof. The compactness of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material is closely related to the interface bonding condition, the graphite-copper interface bonding is poor, the compactness of the material is low, and the comprehensive performance of the material is greatly reduced due to low compactness of the material. From table 1, it can be seen that when no copper-clad graphite is added, the density of the copper-clad graphite-copper composite material is 96.52, and the density of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material obtained in example 3 is higher than that of graphite, which indicates that the density of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material obtained by the preparation method provided by the present invention can be improved, i.e., the graphite and the copper have a better interface effect.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing copper-coated graphite composite powder with copper powder to obtain copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder;
spraying copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder with different graphite contents on a matrix in sequence, and removing the matrix to obtain a copper-coated graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material;
the content of graphite in the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder is 1-15%.
2. The preparation method of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material according to claim 1, wherein the step of sequentially spraying the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based composite powder with different graphite contents on a substrate specifically comprises the following steps: and cold spraying copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder with graphite content of 1-5%, copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder with graphite content of 6-10% and copper-coated graphite modified copper-based composite powder with graphite content of 11-15% onto the substrate in sequence or cold spraying two kinds of powder onto the substrate in sequence.
3. The preparation method of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material according to claim 2, wherein the cold spraying process parameters are independently as follows: the pressure is 3-5.5 MPa, the temperature is 500-800 ℃, the spraying distance is 10-30 mm, the walking speed is 20-80 mm/s, and the spraying thickness is 0.5-1.5 mm.
4. The preparation method of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the particle size of the copper-clad graphite composite powder is 20 to 30 μm.
5. The preparation method of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the purity of the copper powder is more than or equal to 99.9%, and the particle size of the copper powder is 20-50 μm.
6. The method for preparing the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 or 5, wherein the matrix comprises one of an aluminum plate, an aluminum alloy plate, a copper alloy plate, a magnesium alloy plate and a steel plate.
7. The preparation method of the copper-clad graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material according to claim 6, wherein the copper-clad graphite composite powder is prepared by an electroless plating method or an electrolytic method, and the content of graphite in the copper-clad graphite composite powder is 30-50%.
8. The copper-coated graphite modified copper-based gradient composite material obtained by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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