CN114182124B - High-dispersibility silver tungsten carbide electrical contact material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-dispersibility silver tungsten carbide electrical contact material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114182124B CN114182124B CN202111396153.9A CN202111396153A CN114182124B CN 114182124 B CN114182124 B CN 114182124B CN 202111396153 A CN202111396153 A CN 202111396153A CN 114182124 B CN114182124 B CN 114182124B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of a high-dispersity silver tungsten carbide contact material, which comprises the following steps of: pretreating and uniformly mixing tungsten carbide powder and additive powder in a ball milling device, then preparing coating powder of silver-coated composite powder, then crushing with high energy, mixing with a forming agent to prepare particles, pressing into a pressed blank, placing the pressed blank in a degreasing furnace protected by ammonia decomposition atmosphere to remove the pressing blank forming agent, placing the degreased pressed blank and a silver sheet in an infiltration furnace protected by ammonia decomposition atmosphere for infiltration, and obtaining the silver tungsten carbide contact material. The silver tungsten carbide contact material prepared by the process has higher dispersibility and dispersivity of the additive in a silver tungsten carbide matrix, improves the infiltration property and reduces the generation of infiltration holes; after the coating powder is subjected to high-energy crushing treatment, air holes wrapped inside are removed, the powder is refined, the product is free of layering, no holes in the section, no aggregation and no reinforcing phase exposed particles, and silver and tungsten carbide are well combined.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electric contact materials, and particularly relates to a high-dispersibility silver tungsten carbide electric contact material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The silver tungsten carbide contact material is widely applied to the field of circuit breakers, and on one hand, the material contains micron-sized tungsten carbide particles as a reinforcing phase, so that the arc ablation resistance of the contact material can be greatly improved; on the other hand, the material is prepared by adopting a powder metallurgy method and a liquid phase sintering (infiltration) process, and can ensure that tungsten carbide particles and a silver matrix form good wetting, so that the splashing of the material under the action of high-temperature electric arc is reduced, and the material has good electric arc erosion resistance.
In order to continuously improve the arc erosion resistance of the silver tungsten carbide material, the common practice is to use finer tungsten carbide powder as a raw material and increase the content of tungsten carbide in the silver tungsten carbide contact material. The silver tungsten carbide material used on special equipment such as a large crane and the like even increases the mass percentage of tungsten carbide to 60-85%, and simultaneously, the average particle size of tungsten carbide particles is reduced to be less than 1 mu m, which puts very high requirements on the manufacturing process of the material.
When the tungsten carbide content in the silver tungsten carbide powder is too high and the tungsten carbide particles are too small, the tungsten carbide mass percentage is increased to 60-85%, the dispersibility, the processability and the infiltration difficulty of the tungsten carbide particles are greatly improved, and the conventional mixed powder additive cannot be uniformly dispersed, so that the defect of pores in the infiltrated powder cannot be solved; the situation that a large amount of tungsten carbide particles are adjacent to particles is inevitably encountered in the powder mixing and molding process in the conventional mixed powder; due to the ultrahigh hardness, when the tungsten carbide particles are in contact with the surfaces of the particles and are pressed for forming, plastic deformation hardly occurs, so that the particles cannot be meshed with each other, cracks are easy to occur in a pressed compact, and even the pressed compact cannot be formed; even if the metallographic structure of the formed product has tungsten carbide aggregation, silver aggregation and a plurality of internal pore defects, the burning resistance and the fusion welding resistance of the product are poor.
The conventional powder mixing process or the conventional coating process cannot avoid agglomeration of tungsten carbide particles and additive particles and cannot remove internal pores in the preparation process of the coating powder, so that the phenomenon of reinforcing phase aggregation cannot be completely avoided when the silver tungsten carbide contact material is prepared by the conventional powder mixing process; the coating process can not avoid air holes, product layering after infiltration, cross section holes, aggregation and reinforced phase particle exposure, and silver and tungsten carbide can not form good combination. Therefore, it has been a difficult problem in the industry to produce highly dispersed silver tungsten carbide materials. This problem also considerably limits the further increase of the breaking performance of the electrical appliance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a high-dispersivity silver-tungsten carbide electrical contact material and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-dispersivity silver tungsten carbide electrical contact material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreating and uniformly mixing tungsten carbide powder serving as a raw material and additive powder in ball milling equipment to obtain mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of the tungsten carbide powder to the additive powder is 98 (1-3), and the additive powder comprises the following components: 0.3-1.3%, Co powder: 0.3-1.3%, nickel powder: 0.1-1.2%, copper powder: 0.05 to 0.3 percent;
s2, adding the mixed powder obtained in the S1 and a silver nitrate solution into a reaction container, adding polyacrylic acid into the reaction container, performing ultrasonic oscillation and stirring to uniformly mix the polyacrylic acid, continuously maintaining the ultrasonic oscillation and stirring, adding a hydrazine hydrate solution into the reaction container, then continuously performing the ultrasonic oscillation and stirring to uniformly mix the hydrazine hydrate solution, then maintaining the ultrasonic stirring, adding a glucose solution into the reaction container, after silver ions in the solution are completely separated out, continuously performing the ultrasonic oscillation and stirring to perform a reduction reaction, wrapping the separated silver on the surface of the mixed powder to form a coated powder of the silver-coated mixed powder, performing suction filtration on a reactant solution in the reaction container, separating the coated powder, cleaning and drying;
s3, crushing the coated powder S2 at high energy, removing air holes in the coated powder and refining the powder;
s4, mixing the coating powder after the high-energy crushing of the S3 with a forming agent, preparing powder particles and drying;
s5, pressing the powder particles obtained in the step S4 into a pressed compact;
s6, placing the pressed compact prepared in the S5 in a degreasing furnace protected by ammonia decomposition atmosphere to remove the forming agent in the pressed compact;
and S7, overlapping the pressed compact prepared in the step S6 and the silver sheet, and putting the pressed compact and the silver sheet into a sintering furnace protected by ammonia decomposition atmosphere for sintering and infiltration to obtain the high-dispersity silver tungsten carbide electrical contact material.
Further setting that in the S1, when the ball milling pretreatment is carried out on the tungsten carbide powder and the additive powder, the ball milling time is 10-24h, the rotating speed is 20-60r/min, and the ball-material ratio is 2:1-10: 1.
Further, in the S1, the tungsten carbide powder and the additive powder have an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 8 μm.
Further setting that in the step S3, the high-energy crushing rotating speed is 5000-30000 r/min, and the crushing time is 1-20 min.
Further setting that in the S4, the mixing and forming dosage of each kilogram of powder is 0.03-0.1%, and the stirring time is 5-30 min.
Further setting that in the step S6, the temperature for removing the forming agent is 200-600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-5 h.
The second aspect of the invention is to provide a high-dispersivity silver tungsten carbide electrical contact material prepared by the preparation method.
The invention has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the additives can be effectively dispersed through ball milling pretreatment of the tungsten carbide powder and the additives at the early stage of coating, so that the additives uniformly grow on the surface of the tungsten carbide powder, the function of the additives is exerted to the greatest extent, the infiltration angle of a melt to a framework is effectively improved, the infiltration performance is better, the infiltration performance is improved, and holes are effectively prevented from being generated. The exterior of the pretreated powder particles is covered with a layer of pure silver layer, namely silver-coated tungsten carbide composite powder, and the pure silver is used for establishing physical isolation between tungsten carbide additives and tungsten carbide additive particles. Because silver has very good ductility, in the forming process of the coated composite powder, adjacent tungsten carbide particles are mutually meshed through the outer pure silver layer to form mechanical combination, thereby greatly improving the forming performance of the powder and ensuring the forming of the silver-tungsten carbide mixed powder with high tungsten carbide content. Meanwhile, the coating powder is subjected to high-energy crushing treatment, internal air holes in the preparation process of the coating powder can be effectively removed, the apparent density of the powder is increased, the sizes of the holes serving as infiltration channels in the primary-pressure pressed blank are uniformly distributed and are communicated with each other, and a melt can be uniformly infiltrated, so that the effects of complete compactness and defect elimination are achieved. After the framework is infiltrated, the fracture surface has no holes, aggregation and reinforced phase particles exposed, silver and tungsten carbide form good combination, and the dispersivity and the compactness of the silver tungsten carbide material are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is within the scope of the present invention for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of silver-tungsten carbide coated powder in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM photograph of the silver-tungsten carbide coated powder in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic photograph of a silver tungsten carbide contact material according to example 1 of the present invention;
figure 4 is a metallographic photograph of a silver tungsten carbide contact material according to example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
A preparation method of a silver tungsten carbide contact material comprises the following steps:
a. mixing tungsten carbide and additives according to a proportion of 98:2, wherein the additives comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 0.7-1.0%, Co powder: 0.3-0.5%, nickel powder: 0.3 to 0.5 percent;
b. putting tungsten carbide and additives into a ball mill, wherein the ball milling time is 10H, the rotating speed is 20 r/min, and the ball-material ratio is 2: 1;
c. adding 3.5kg of tungsten carbide additive pretreatment powder and silver nitrate solution into a reaction container, adding 0.015kg of polyacrylic acid and a proper amount of deionized water into the container, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment and stirring for 2 hours;
d. keeping ultrasonic and stirring, gradually adding hydrazine hydrate solution into the container until the pH value of the solution reaches 8-9, and keeping ultrasonic and stirring for 0.5 hour;
e. keeping ultrasonic and stirring, gradually adding 100g/L glucose solution into the container at a speed of 2L/min, and keeping ultrasonic and stirring for 0.5 hour after all silver in the solution is separated out;
f. filtering the solution, washing the obtained composite powder twice by using deionized water, and drying for later use;
g. f, crushing the composite powder obtained in the step f at a high-energy crushing rotating speed of 5000r/min for 10 min;
h. mixing high-energy crushed powder with forming agent (paraffin) to prepare granules, wherein the amount of the forming agent is 0.025kg, stirring for 15min, and drying for later use;
i. pressing the granulated powder in the step h into a pressed blank by adopting powder forming equipment;
j. putting the pressed blank obtained in the step i into a degreasing furnace protected by ammonia decomposition atmosphere, and removing the forming agent at the degreasing temperature of 450 ℃ for 3H;
k. and d, placing the pressed compact and the silver block obtained in the step j into a sintering furnace protected by ammonia decomposition atmosphere, sintering at 1100 ℃, infiltrating for 2 hours, cooling and discharging to obtain the silver tungsten carbide contact material.
Example 2
A preparation method of a silver tungsten carbide contact material comprises the following steps:
a. mixing tungsten carbide and additives according to a proportion of 98:3, wherein the additives comprise Fe powder: 1-1.3%, Co powder: 1-1.3%, nickel powder: 0.6-1.0%, copper powder: 0.05 to 0.2 percent;
b. putting tungsten carbide and additives into a ball mill, wherein the ball milling time is 15H, the rotating speed is 40 r/min, and the ball-material ratio is 5: 1;
c. adding 3.5kg of tungsten carbide additive pretreatment powder and silver nitrate solution into a reaction container, adding 0.015kg of polyacrylic acid and a proper amount of deionized water into the container, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment and stirring for 2 hours;
d. keeping ultrasonic and stirring, gradually adding hydrazine hydrate solution into the container until the pH value of the solution reaches 8-9, and keeping ultrasonic and stirring for 0.5 hour;
e. keeping ultrasonic and stirring, gradually adding 100g/L glucose solution into the container at a speed of 2L/min, and keeping ultrasonic and stirring for 0.5 hour after all silver in the solution is separated out;
f. filtering the solution, washing the obtained composite powder twice by using deionized water, and drying for later use;
g. f, crushing the composite powder obtained in the step f at a high-energy crushing rotating speed of 15000r/min for 5 min;
h. mixing high-energy crushed powder with forming agent (paraffin) to prepare granules, wherein the amount of the forming agent is 0.025kg, stirring for 15min, and drying for later use;
i. pressing the granulated powder in the step h into a pressed blank by adopting powder forming equipment;
j. putting the pressed blank obtained in the step i into a degreasing furnace protected by ammonia decomposition atmosphere, and removing the forming agent at the temperature of 450 ℃ for 3H to remove the forming agent;
k. and (5) placing the pressed compact and the silver block obtained in the step j into a sintering furnace protected by ammonia decomposition atmosphere, sintering at 1050 ℃, infiltrating for 2 hours, cooling, and discharging to obtain the silver tungsten carbide contact material.
The SEM photograph of the coating powder of the silver-tungsten carbide contact material obtained by the method for preparing the silver-tungsten carbide contact material in example 2 is shown in fig. 2, and the metallographic photograph thereof is shown in fig. 4.
Example 3
A preparation method of a silver tungsten carbide contact material comprises the following steps:
a. mixing tungsten carbide and additives according to a proportion of 98:1, wherein the additive comprises Co powder: 0.1-0.3%, nickel powder: 0.4-0.7%, copper powder: 0.05 to 0.2 percent;
b. putting tungsten carbide and additives into a ball mill, wherein the ball milling time is 24H, the rotating speed is 60r/min, and the ball material ratio is 10: 1;
c. adding 3.5kg of tungsten carbide additive pretreatment powder and silver nitrate solution into a reaction container, adding 0.015kg of polyacrylic acid and a proper amount of deionized water into the container, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment and stirring for 2 hours;
d. keeping ultrasonic and stirring, gradually adding hydrazine hydrate solution into the container until the pH value of the solution reaches 8-9, and keeping ultrasonic and stirring for 0.5 hour;
e. maintaining ultrasound and stirring, gradually adding 100g/L glucose solution into the container at a speed of 2L/min, and maintaining ultrasound and stirring for 0.5 hr after all silver in the solution is precipitated;
f. filtering the solution, washing the obtained composite powder twice by using deionized water, and drying for later use;
g. f, crushing the composite powder obtained in the step f at a high-energy crushing rotating speed of 30000r/min for 1 min;
h. mixing high-energy crushed powder with forming agent (paraffin) in an amount of 0.025kg, stirring for 15min, and oven drying;
i. pressing the granulated powder in the step h into a pressed blank by adopting powder forming equipment;
j. placing the pressed blank obtained in the step i in a degreasing furnace protected by ammonia decomposition atmosphere, and removing the forming agent at the temperature of 450 ℃ for 3H to remove the forming agent;
k. and f, placing the pressed compact and the silver block obtained in the step j into a sintering furnace protected by ammonia decomposition atmosphere, sintering at 1150 ℃, infiltrating for 2 hours, cooling and discharging to obtain the silver tungsten carbide contact material.
The product is prepared according to the embodiment, and the dispersivity and the bonding strength are improved.
The metallographic photograph of the silver tungsten carbide contact material obtained by the method for preparing the silver tungsten carbide contact material in this embodiment 1 is shown in fig. 3, and the SEM photograph of the coated powder is shown in fig. 1. In this example 2, the silver tungsten carbide material was subjected to a performance test, and an SEM photograph of the coated powder of example 2 is shown in fig. 2. It can be seen from the comparison between fig. 3 and fig. 4 that the dispersibility of the silver-tungsten carbide powder in the embodiment 2 is better than that in the embodiment 1, the silver and the tungsten carbide are well combined, the fracture colors of the contact material are consistent, the material compactness is high, and the breaking resistance is higher.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is therefore to be understood that the invention is not limited by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a high-dispersivity silver tungsten carbide electrical contact material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, pretreating and uniformly mixing tungsten carbide powder serving as a raw material and additive powder in ball milling equipment to obtain mixed powder, wherein the mass ratio of the tungsten carbide powder to the additive powder is 98 (1-3), and the additive powder comprises the following components: 0.3-1.3%, Co powder: 0.3-1.3%, nickel powder: 0.1-1.2%, copper powder: 0.05 to 0.3 percent;
s2, adding the mixed powder obtained in the step S1 and a silver nitrate solution into a reaction container, adding polyacrylic acid into the reaction container, performing ultrasonic oscillation and stirring to uniformly mix the polyacrylic acid, continuously maintaining the ultrasonic oscillation and stirring, adding a hydrazine hydrate solution into the reaction container, continuously performing ultrasonic oscillation and stirring to uniformly mix the hydrazine hydrate solution, then maintaining the ultrasonic stirring, adding a glucose solution into the reaction container, continuously performing ultrasonic oscillation and stirring after silver ions in the solution are completely separated out, performing reduction reaction, wrapping the separated silver on the surface of the mixed powder to form a coated powder of the silver-coated mixed powder, performing suction filtration on a reactant solution in the reaction container, separating the coated powder, cleaning and drying;
s3, crushing the coated powder S2 at high energy, removing air holes in the coated powder and refining the powder;
s4, mixing the coating powder after the high-energy crushing of the S3 with a forming agent, preparing powder particles and drying;
s5, pressing the powder particles obtained in the step S4 into a pressed compact;
s6, placing the pressed compact prepared by the S5 in a degreasing furnace protected by ammonia decomposition atmosphere to remove the forming agent in the pressed compact;
s7, overlapping the pressed compact prepared in the step S6 and the silver sheet, and putting the pressed compact and the silver sheet into a sintering furnace protected by ammonia decomposition atmosphere for sintering and infiltration to obtain the high-dispersivity silver tungsten carbide electrical contact material;
in the step S3, the high-energy crushing rotating speed is 5000-30000 r/min, and the crushing time is 1-20 min.
2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the S1, when the ball milling pretreatment is carried out on the tungsten carbide powder and the additive powder, the ball milling time is 10-24h, the rotating speed is 20-60r/min, and the ball-material ratio is 2:1-10: 1.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the S1, the average particle diameter of the tungsten carbide powder and the additive powder is 0.5-8 μm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the S4, the mixing and forming dosage of each kilogram of powder is 0.03-0.1%, and the stirring time is 5-30 min.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step S6, the temperature for removing the forming agent is 200-600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-5 h.
6. A high-dispersibility silver-tungsten carbide electrical contact material produced by the production method as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 5.
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FR2916082A1 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2008-11-14 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | Preparing material for forming electrical contact pellet, comprises synthesizing powder, deagglomerating reinforcement particles, mixing the powder in silver nitrate solution, obtaining powder containing silver oxide particles and reducing |
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