CN115896401A - High-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate and heat treatment process thereof - Google Patents
High-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate and heat treatment process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate and a heat treatment process thereof, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: and heating the wear-resistant lining plate to a quenching temperature, putting the wear-resistant lining plate into quenching oil for quenching treatment, and putting the wear-resistant lining plate into a tempering furnace for tempering treatment after oil is discharged. The high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate and the heat treatment process thereof effectively improve the final structure of the wear-resistant lining plate through the adaptive heat treatment process, thereby refining the grain size to the maximum extent and obtaining the wear-resistant lining plate with higher hardness and impact toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wear-resistant materials, and particularly relates to a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate and a heat treatment process thereof.
Background
The high-chromium wear-resistant cast iron lining plate has wide application in the fields of mining, cement production, electric power industry, machining, refractory materials and the like, and particularly has good economic benefit when being applied to building machinery, electric power construction and mine ball mills. The cast structure of the high-chromium wear-resistant cast iron lining plate is usually a multi-phase structure of martensite, austenite, pearlite and alloy carbide, and the hardness of the high-chromium wear-resistant cast iron lining plate is 43-50HRC. Therefore, when the high-chromium wear-resistant cast iron lining plate is directly used in a casting state, the potential of the high-chromium wear-resistant cast iron lining plate cannot be fully exerted due to low hardness and unreasonable structure, the structure performance is poor, the wear resistance is particularly poor, the service time is short, and the economic benefit is poor.
Practice proves that the martensite matrix structure with high strength and high hardness has higher abrasive wear resistance and strong capacity of supporting carbide, is the performance which most of abrasive wear resistant workpieces must have, and martensite with the performance meeting the requirements can be obtained through quenching. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of the high chromium wear resistant cast iron lining plate, further heat treatment, generally quenching and tempering, is required.
The heat treatment process of the wear-resistant lining plate in the prior art mainly comprises quenching and high-temperature tempering or quenching and low-temperature tempering, and the wear-resistant lining plate obtained by the way of quenching and high-temperature tempering has good impact toughness, but has poor wear resistance and is easy to deform under impact when used as a lining plate due to low hardness. Although the hardness of the wear-resistant lining plate obtained by the mode of quenching and low-temperature tempering is improved, the wear-resistant lining plate has extremely poor impact resistance, is easy to break when used as a lining plate, and has short service life.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems, the invention provides the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate and the heat treatment process thereof, and the final structure of the wear-resistant lining plate is effectively improved through the adaptive heat treatment process, so that the grain size is refined to the maximum extent, and the wear-resistant lining plate with higher hardness and impact toughness is obtained.
The invention provides a heat treatment process of a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate, which comprises the following steps: and heating the wear-resistant lining plate to a quenching temperature, putting the wear-resistant lining plate into quenching oil for quenching treatment, and putting the wear-resistant lining plate into a tempering furnace for tempering treatment after oil is discharged.
In the invention, the oil-cooling quenching process is adopted, the hardenability of the grinding ball is improved, cracking can be effectively avoided, and the hardness uniformity and the impact toughness of the obtained lining plate exceed the original performance indexes.
Preferably, heating the wear-resistant lining plate to a quenching temperature specifically comprises: heating the wear-resistant lining plate from room temperature to 350-400 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3h, heating to 650-700 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2h, continuously heating to 950-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-3h.
In the invention, in order to obtain the best quenching improvement effect, a stage heating mode is selected, and the heating temperature of each stage is controlled, so that the lining plate is ensured to obtain an ideal martensite matrix, and the hardness and the wear resistance of the wear-resistant cast iron are improved.
Preferably, when the wear-resistant lining plate is heated to the quenching temperature, the heating rate is not more than 60 ℃/h.
Preferably, the quenching oil is a mechanical oil;
preferably, the wear-resistant lining plate is discharged after the temperature in quenching oil is reduced to be lower than 100 ℃.
Preferably, polyvinyl alcohol is further added into the quenching oil;
preferably, the addition amount of the polyvinyl alcohol is 0.5-1wt% of the quenching oil.
According to the invention, the polyvinyl alcohol is added into the quenching oil, so that the heat transfer characteristic of the quenching oil can be regulated and controlled, the cooling rate of the quenching oil is more adaptive to the quenching requirement of the wear-resistant lining plate, and the hardness and toughness of the obtained wear-resistant lining plate are further improved.
In the present invention, it was found that the quenching improvement effect is most excellent when the addition amount of polyvinyl alcohol is 0.5 to 1wt% of the quenching oil.
Preferably, the tempering treatment in the tempering furnace specifically includes: and (3) putting the oiled wear-resistant lining plate into a tempering furnace, heating to 220-260 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4h, discharging, and air-cooling to room temperature.
Preferably, the formation composition of the wear-resistant lining plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2.2 to 2.8 percent of C, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of Si, 0.9 to 1.3 percent of Mn, 13 to 18 percent of Cr, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Mo0.05 to 0.1 percent of Ni0.4 to 0.6 percent of Cu0.4, less than 0.07 percent of S, less than 0.1 percent of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
In the present invention, the wear-resistant liningThe Cr content of the board is higher, so that M in the lining board 7 C 3 The carbide presents an ideal high-chromium cast iron structure type, and a certain amount of Mo, ni and Cu greatly increases the ductility and toughness and strength of the wear-resistant lining plate, and simultaneously reduces the temper brittleness of the wear-resistant lining plate in subsequent heat treatment.
Preferably, in the chemical composition of the wear-resistant lining plate, the mass ratio of Mo, ni and Cu is 1.
According to the invention, mo, ni and Cu are used as hardenability improving elements of the cast iron structure, and the mass ratio of Mo, ni and Cu is controlled to be 1.3-0.4.
Preferably, the wear-resistant lining plate is manufactured by smelting and casting molten iron.
The invention also provides a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate which is obtained by adopting the heat treatment process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the heat treatment process of oil quenching to ensure that the carbide in the structure of the wear-resistant lining plate has high dispersity, most uniform structure distribution and good wear resistance, thereby improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the wear-resistant lining plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples, but these examples should be explicitly mentioned for illustration, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight (%) as shown in the table;
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ni | Cu | S | P | |
| lining plate | 2.52 | 1.06 | 1.13 | 15.63 | 0.22 | 0.073 | 0.49 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
Wherein, in the chemical composition of the wear-resistant lining plate, the mass ratio of Mo, ni and Cu is 1.
The heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate comprises the following steps:
adding the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate (30 mm multiplied by 45mm multiplied by 15 mm) with the chemical components into a high-temperature resistance furnace, heating to 380 ℃ from room temperature at the heating rate of 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3h, continuing heating to 670 ℃ at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1h, then heating to 980 ℃ at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 3h; taking out the wear-resistant lining plate from the high-temperature resistance furnace, putting the wear-resistant lining plate into quenching oil for cooling, wherein the quenching oil is No. 20 mechanical oil, and cooling the quenching oil until the temperature is reduced to be below 100 ℃ to produce oil; and then putting the cast iron into a tempering furnace, heating to 250 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, discharging, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate.
The mechanical properties of the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate obtained in the above embodiment were measured, and the results were as follows:
| hardness (HRC) | Impact toughness (J/cm) 2 ) | Rate of breakage | |
| Lining plate | 61.7 | 13.6 | ＜0.2％ |
Example 2
The high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight (%) as shown in the table;
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ni | Cu | S | P | |
| lining plate | 2.52 | 1.06 | 1.13 | 15.63 | 0.22 | 0.073 | 0.49 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
Wherein, in the chemical composition of the wear-resistant lining plate, the mass ratio of Mo, ni and Cu is 1.
The heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate comprises the following steps:
adding the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate (30 mm multiplied by 45mm multiplied by 15 mm) with the chemical components into a high-temperature resistance furnace, heating from room temperature to 350 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3h, continuing heating to 700 ℃ at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1h, then heating to 950 ℃ at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 3h; taking out the wear-resistant lining plate from the high-temperature resistance furnace, putting the wear-resistant lining plate into quenching oil for cooling, wherein the quenching oil is No. 20 mechanical oil, and cooling the quenching oil until the temperature is reduced to be below 100 ℃ to produce oil; and then putting the cast iron into a tempering furnace, heating to 260 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, discharging, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate.
The mechanical properties of the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate obtained in the above embodiment were measured, and the results were as follows:
| hardness (HRC) | Impact toughness (J/cm) 2 ) | Rate of breakage | |
| Lining plate | 61.2 | 13.0 | ＜0.2％ |
Example 3
The high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight (%) as shown in the table;
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ni | Cu | S | P | |
| lining plate | 2.52 | 1.06 | 1.13 | 15.63 | 0.22 | 0.073 | 0.49 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
Wherein, in the chemical composition of the wear-resistant lining plate, the mass ratio of Mo, ni and Cu is 1.
The heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate comprises the following steps:
adding the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate (30 mm multiplied by 45mm multiplied by 15 mm) with the chemical components into a high-temperature resistance furnace, heating to 400 ℃ from room temperature at the heating rate of 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 2h, continuing heating to 650 ℃ at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h, preserving heat for 2h, then heating to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 2h; taking out the wear-resistant lining plate from the high-temperature resistance furnace, putting the wear-resistant lining plate into quenching oil for cooling, wherein the quenching oil is No. 20 mechanical oil, and cooling the quenching oil until the temperature is reduced to be below 100 ℃ to produce oil; and then putting the cast iron into a tempering furnace, heating to 220 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, discharging, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate.
The mechanical properties of the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate obtained in the embodiment are detected, and the results are as follows:
| hardness (HRC) | Impact toughness (J/cm) 2 ) | Rate of breakage | |
| Lining plate | 60.5 | 14.7 | ＜0.2％ |
Example 4
The high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight (%) as shown in the table;
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ni | Cu | S | P | |
| lining plate | 2.48 | 1.12 | 1.16 | 16.21 | 0.15 | 0.079 | 0.57 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
Wherein, in the chemical composition of the wear-resistant lining plate, the mass ratio of Mo, ni and Cu is 1.
The heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate comprises the following steps:
adding the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate (30 mm multiplied by 45mm multiplied by 15 mm) with the chemical components into a high-temperature resistance furnace, heating from room temperature to 380 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3h, continuing heating to 670 ℃ at a heating rate of 40 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1h, then heating to 980 ℃ at a heating rate of 40 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 3h; taking out the wear-resistant lining plate from the high-temperature resistance furnace, putting the wear-resistant lining plate into quenching oil for cooling, wherein the quenching oil is No. 20 mechanical oil, and cooling the quenching oil until the temperature is reduced to be below 100 ℃ to produce oil; and then putting the cast iron into a tempering furnace, heating to 250 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, taking the cast iron out of the furnace, and cooling the cast iron to room temperature in air to obtain the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate.
The mechanical properties of the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate obtained in the above embodiment were measured, and the results were as follows:
| hardness (HRC) | Impact toughness (J/cm) 2 ) | Rate of breakage | |
| Lining plate | 58.3 | 11.5 | ＜0.3％ |
Example 5
The high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight (%) as shown in the table;
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ni | Cu | S | P | |
| lining plate | 2.51 | 1.09 | 1.14 | 15.89 | 0.25 | 0.071 | 0.45 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
Wherein, in the chemical composition of the wear-resistant lining plate, the mass ratio of Mo, ni and Cu is 1.28.
The heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate comprises the following steps:
adding the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate (30 mm multiplied by 45mm multiplied by 15 mm) with the chemical components into a high-temperature resistance furnace, heating to 380 ℃ from room temperature at the heating rate of 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3h, continuing heating to 670 ℃ at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1h, then heating to 980 ℃ at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 3h; taking out the wear-resistant lining plate from the high-temperature resistance furnace, putting the wear-resistant lining plate into quenching oil for cooling, wherein the quenching oil is No. 20 mechanical oil, and cooling the quenching oil until the temperature is reduced to be below 100 ℃ to produce oil; and then putting the cast iron into a tempering furnace, heating to 250 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, taking the cast iron out of the furnace, and cooling the cast iron to room temperature in air to obtain the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate.
The mechanical properties of the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate obtained in the above embodiment were measured, and the results were as follows:
| hardness (HRC) | Impact toughness (J/cm) 2 ) | Fraction of broken | |
| Lining plate | 59.0 | 8.4 | ＜0.4％ |
Example 6
The high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight (in percentage by weight) as shown in the table;
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ni | Cu | S | P | |
| lining plate | 2.52 | 1.06 | 1.13 | 15.63 | 0.22 | 0.073 | 0.49 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
Wherein, in the chemical composition of the wear-resistant lining plate, the mass ratio of Mo, ni and Cu is 1.
The heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate comprises the following steps:
adding the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate (30 mm multiplied by 45mm multiplied by 15 mm) with the chemical components into a high-temperature resistance furnace, heating to 380 ℃ from room temperature at the heating rate of 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3h, continuing heating to 670 ℃ at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1h, then heating to 980 ℃ at the heating rate of 40 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 3h; taking out the wear-resistant lining plate from the high-temperature resistance furnace, putting the wear-resistant lining plate into quenching oil for cooling, wherein the quenching oil is No. 20 mechanical oil added with 0.7wt% of polyvinyl alcohol, and cooling until the temperature is reduced to be below 100 ℃ to produce oil; and then putting the cast iron into a tempering furnace, heating to 250 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, discharging, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate.
The mechanical properties of the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate obtained in the embodiment are detected, and the results are as follows:
| hardness (HRC) | Impact toughness (J/cm) 2 ) | Rate of breakage | |
| Lining plate | 63.1 | 12.3 | ＜0.1％ |
Comparative example 1
The high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight (%) as shown in the table;
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ni | Cu | S | P | |
| lining plate | 2.52 | 1.06 | 1.13 | 15.63 | 0.22 | 0.073 | 0.49 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
Wherein, in the chemical composition of the wear-resistant lining plate, the mass ratio of Mo, ni and Cu is 1.
The heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate comprises the following steps:
adding the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate (30 mm multiplied by 45mm multiplied by 15 mm) with the chemical components into a high-temperature resistance furnace, heating from room temperature to 380 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/h, preserving heat for 3h, continuing heating to 670 ℃ at a heating rate of 40 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1h, then heating to 980 ℃ at a heating rate of 40 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 3h; taking the wear-resistant lining plate out of the high-temperature resistance furnace, and air-cooling to room temperature; and then putting the cast iron into a tempering furnace, heating to 250 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, taking the cast iron out of the furnace, and cooling the cast iron to room temperature in air to obtain the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate.
The mechanical properties of the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant cast iron lining plate obtained in the embodiment are detected, and the results are as follows:
| hardness (HRC) | Impact toughness (J/cm) 2 ) | Rate of breakage | |
| Lining plate | 55.7 | 5.3 | ＜1.5％ |
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A heat treatment process of a high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: and heating the wear-resistant lining plate to a quenching temperature, putting the wear-resistant lining plate into quenching oil for quenching treatment, and putting the wear-resistant lining plate into a tempering furnace for tempering treatment after oil is discharged.
2. The heat treatment process for the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant liner plate according to claim 1, wherein heating the wear-resistant liner plate to the quenching temperature specifically comprises: heating the wear-resistant lining plate from room temperature to 350-400 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3h, heating to 650-700 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2h, continuously heating to 950-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-3h.
3. The heat treatment process for the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate according to claim 2, wherein the temperature rise rate is not more than 60 ℃/h when the wear-resistant lining plate is heated to the quenching temperature.
4. The heat treatment process for the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the quenching oil is mechanical oil;
preferably, the wear-resistant lining plate is discharged after the temperature in quenching oil is reduced to be lower than 100 ℃.
5. The heat treatment process for the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein polyvinyl alcohol is further added into the quenching oil;
preferably, the addition amount of the polyvinyl alcohol is 0.5 to 1wt% of the quenching oil.
6. The heat treatment process for the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the tempering treatment in the tempering furnace specifically comprises: and putting the wear-resistant lining plate after oil production into a tempering furnace, heating to 220-260 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4h, discharging, and cooling in air to room temperature.
7. The heat treatment process for the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the formed components of the wear-resistant lining plate comprise, by mass: 2.2 to 2.8 percent of C, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of Si, 0.9 to 1.3 percent of Mn, 13 to 18 percent of Cr, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Mo, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of Ni, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Cu, less than 0.07 percent of S, less than 0.1 percent of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
8. The heat treatment process for the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate according to claim 7, wherein in the formed components of the wear-resistant lining plate, the mass ratio of Mo, ni and Cu is 1.3-0.4.
9. The heat treatment process for the high-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the wear-resistant lining plate is manufactured by smelting molten iron and casting.
10. A high chromium cast iron wear resistant liner plate, characterized in that it is obtained after treatment by the heat treatment process according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN202211309249.1A CN115896401A (en) | 2022-10-25 | 2022-10-25 | High-chromium cast iron wear-resistant lining plate and heat treatment process thereof |
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