CN115889899A

CN115889899A - Machining machine tool and machining method for circular-arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear

Info

Publication number: CN115889899A
Application number: CN202310215889.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴阳; 梁爽; 陈忠敏; 罗培; 盛鑫; 侯力
Original assignee: Sichuan Jian'an Industrial Ltd; Sichuan University
Current assignee: Sichuan Jian'an Industrial Ltd; Sichuan University
Priority date: 2023-03-08
Filing date: 2023-03-08
Publication date: 2023-04-04
Anticipated expiration: 2043-03-08
Also published as: CN115889899B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of processing of circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gears, and discloses a processing machine tool and a processing method for the circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gears, wherein the processing machine tool comprises a machine body and a five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism, wherein the machine body is provided with an indexing mechanism, and the indexing mechanism is provided with a three-jaw chuck; the five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism comprises an X-axis component, a Z-axis component, a Y-axis component and a C-axis component, wherein the X-axis component is arranged on a lathe bed in a sliding mode, the Z-axis component is arranged on the X-axis component in a sliding mode, the Z-axis component moves along the axial direction of the three-jaw chuck, the Y-axis component is arranged on the Z-axis component in a sliding mode, the moving direction of the Y-axis component is perpendicular to the moving direction of the X-axis component, the C-axis component is arranged on the Y-axis component in a rotating mode, the rotating axis of the C-axis component is parallel to the axis of the three-jaw chuck, and the deflection cutting component is arranged on the C-axis component in a rotating mode. The cutter only swings back and forth to generate cutting motion, so that the cutter is prevented from interfering with the gear blank, and the generating and processing of the circular arc tooth trace cylindrical inner gear are realized.

Description

Machining machine tool and machining method for circular-arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machining of a circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear, in particular to a machining tool and a machining method for the circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear.

Background

The circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear is a novel gear which can meet the requirements of heavy load and high precision. Compared with a helical gear, the circular arc tooth trace cylindrical gear has no axial thrust and is low in sensitivity to installation errors. Compared with herringbone teeth, no tool withdrawal groove exists, and continuous processing can be realized. Because the gear is a novel gear, no research is carried out on the gear machining device and the gear machining method at present. In theory, a general five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool can be adopted to carry out approximate machining on the gear, but principle errors exist, the principle errors cannot be overcome, and the quality of the machined gear is difficult to guarantee. The gear tooth shape is different from the traditional straight gear, helical gear and herringbone gear (the herringbone gear can be understood as the combination of two helical teeth), has particularity, and the tooth trace of the gear is a spatial circular arc line in the tooth width direction; the helix angle of the tooth trace of the gear is changed along with the tooth width, and the generating processing of the circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear can not be realized by a machine tool for processing the traditional involute gear, so that the generating processing machine tool and the corresponding processing method for the gear are not provided for the circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear at present. The generating and processing principle of the circular arc tooth trace cylindrical inner gear is the same as that of the circular arc tooth trace cylindrical outer gear, and the circular arc tooth trace cylindrical inner gear and the circular arc tooth trace cylindrical outer gear can be cut by a rotary cutter head. However, since the geometry of the internal gear is more complex than that of the external gear, if the circular-arc-shaped-tooth-line cylindrical internal gear is still machined by using the cutter head which is used for complete rotation, the cutter interferes with the tooth blank, and the gear is damaged, which is not allowed in the gear machining.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a processing machine tool for a circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear, wherein a cutter only swings back and forth to generate cutting motion, so that the interference between the cutter and a tooth blank is avoided, and the generating processing of the circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear can be realized.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a machine tool for a circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear comprises a machine tool body and a five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism, wherein the machine tool body is provided with an indexing mechanism, the indexing mechanism is provided with a three-jaw chuck, and the five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism is positioned on one side of the three-jaw chuck;

the five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism comprises an X-axis component, a Z-axis component, a Y-axis component, a C-axis component and a deflection cutting component, wherein the X-axis component is arranged on the lathe bed in a sliding mode, the Z-axis component is arranged on the X-axis component in a sliding mode, the Z-axis component moves along the axial direction of the three-jaw chuck, the Y-axis component is arranged on the Z-axis component in a sliding mode, the moving direction of the Y-axis component is perpendicular to the moving direction of the X-axis component, the C-axis component is arranged on the Y-axis component in a rotating mode, the rotating axis of the C-axis component is parallel to the axis of the three-jaw chuck, the deflection cutting component is arranged on the C-axis component in a rotating mode, and the deflection axis of the deflection cutting component is perpendicular to the rotating axis of the C-axis component.

In some embodiments, an X-direction chute is formed in the bed body, an X-axis lead screw is rotatably arranged in the X-direction chute, an X-direction sliding seat is sleeved on the X-axis lead screw in a threaded manner, the X-axis component is fixed on the X-direction sliding seat, one end of the X-axis lead screw is in transmission connection with an output shaft of an X-axis servo motor, an X-axis slide rail is fixed on the bed body, the X-axis slide rail is parallel to the X-axis lead screw, an X-axis slide block is fixed at the bottom of the X-axis component, and the X-axis slide block is in sliding fit with the X-axis slide rail;

a Z-direction sliding groove is vertically formed in the end face, close to the three-jaw chuck, of the X-axis part, a Z-axis lead screw is rotationally arranged in the Z-direction sliding groove, a Z-direction sliding seat is sleeved on the Z-axis lead screw in a threaded manner, the Z-axis part is fixed on the Z-direction sliding seat, one end of the Z-axis lead screw is in transmission connection with an output shaft of a Z-axis servo motor, a Z-axis sliding rail is vertically fixed on the X-axis part, a Z-axis sliding block is matched with the Z-axis sliding rail in a sliding manner, and the Z-axis sliding block is fixed on the Z-axis part;

the Y-direction sliding groove is vertically formed in the end face, close to the three-jaw chuck, of the Z-axis part, a Y-axis lead screw is arranged in the Y-direction sliding groove in a rotating mode, a Y-direction sliding seat is sleeved on the Y-axis lead screw in a threaded mode, the Y-axis part is fixed on the Y-direction sliding seat, one end of the Y-axis lead screw is connected with an output shaft of a Y-axis servo motor in a transmission mode, a Y-axis sliding rail is fixed on the Z-axis part, a Y-axis sliding block is matched with the Y-axis sliding rail in a sliding mode, and the Y-axis sliding block is fixed on the Y-axis part.

In some embodiments, two supports are fixed on the Y-axis member at intervals up and down, a connector is arranged on a side wall of the C-axis member, the connector is located between the two supports, the connector is rotatably connected with the supports through a C-axis member rotating shaft, a compression nut is mounted at the bottom of the C-axis member rotating shaft, the compression nut contacts with the lowermost support, a C-axis reducer is arranged on the uppermost support, an input shaft of the C-axis reducer is in transmission connection with an output shaft of a C-axis servo motor, and an output shaft of the C-axis reducer is in transmission connection with the top of the C-axis member rotating shaft.

In some embodiments, the deflection cutting component includes a hydraulic oil cylinder, a push rod, an intermediate rod, a tool rotating shaft and a tool cantilever, a mounting plate is fixed on the top of the C-axis component, the hydraulic oil cylinder is vertically mounted on the mounting plate, a telescopic shaft of the hydraulic oil cylinder is hinged to one end of the push rod, the other end of the push rod is hinged to one end of the intermediate rod, the tool rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the C-axis component, a rotation axis of the tool rotating shaft is parallel to the X-axis lead screw, the other end of the intermediate rod is eccentrically hinged to the tool rotating shaft, the tool cantilever is connected to the tool rotating shaft through a key, the tool cantilever is located between the C-axis component and the X-axis component, and a first tool is arranged on the tool cantilever.

In some embodiments, a transverse sliding groove is formed in an end surface of the tool cantilever, which is close to the X-axis component, a tool apron is slidably disposed in the transverse sliding groove, the first tool is mounted on the tool apron, and the tool apron is connected with the tool cantilever through a fastening bolt.

In some embodiments, the deflection cutting component comprises an a-axis component, an a-axis reducer and an a-axis servo motor, the a-axis component is rotatably connected to the C-axis component, one end of the C-axis component is connected with an output shaft of the a-axis reducer, an input shaft of the a-axis reducer is in transmission connection with an output shaft of the a-axis servo motor, and a second tool is mounted at the other end of the a-axis component.

In some embodiments, the deflecting cutting component includes a rotating component and a third tool seat, a mounting groove is formed in the bottom of the C-axis component, the top of the rotating component is disposed in the mounting groove, the rotating component is rotatably connected with the C-axis component through a rotating shaft, the third tool seat is fixedly mounted on the rotating component, a third tool is mounted on the third tool seat close to the end face of the X-axis component, a speed reducer is mounted on the rotating component, an output shaft of the speed reducer is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft, and an input shaft of the speed reducer is in transmission connection with an output shaft of a servo motor.

A processing method for a processing machine tool of a circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear comprises the following steps:

a1, resetting a machining tool, and setting gear machining parameters; the gear processing parameters comprise processing tooth number, gear module, tooth width, gear cutting speed, backing speed, feeding amount and the like;

a2, setting feeding and discharging parameters; namely the linkage feeding amount of an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis, and presetting a tool setting point; the virtual gear is a virtual gear meshed with the gear blank, the first cutter is a tooth on the virtual gear, and the geometric center of the virtual gear

Located on the O-X axis, and>

the reference circle radius is the reference circle radius of the virtual gear, and o-xyz is a reference coordinate system; when the tool is set, the plane of the cutting edge of the first tool is required to be positioned on an o-xy plane, and the symmetrical surface of the first tool is positioned over/on>

And on a certain plane perpendicular to the o-xy plane, and the blade tip of the inner edge of the first cutter is contacted with the tooth blank but not interfered;

a3, manually controlling a numerical control system; the X-axis part is moved by controlling an X-axis servo motor, the Y-axis part is moved by controlling a Y-axis servo motor, and the Z-axis part is moved by controlling a Z-axis servo motor, so that the first tool is moved to a safe position to provide a space for mounting the gear blank;

a4, mounting the gear blank; adjusting the three-jaw chuck according to relevant parameters such as the size of the tooth blank and the like to enable the three-jaw chuck to finish positioning and clamping the tooth blank;

a5, starting a deflection cutting component; the reciprocating speed of a hydraulic oil cylinder is set, and the hydraulic oil cylinder 25 is composed of a four-bar mechanism, an intermediate bar, a cutter rotating shaft and the like) to push a first cutter to reciprocate to generate main cutting motion so as to start the machining of an arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear;

a6, gear machining; the gear machining comprises the following steps:

a61, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to an X-axis servo motor, a Y-axis servo motor, a Z-axis servo motor and a C-axis servo motor to push corresponding shaft parts to move, and a first tool reaches a tool setting point and starts cutting; during cutting, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to the X-axis servo motor, the Y-axis servo motor, the indexing mechanism and the C-axis servo motor to drive the X-axis part, the Y-axis part and the C-axis part to be linked with the tooth blank, so that the generating processing of a pair of tooth surfaces of the tooth blank is realized;

the gear blank is divided into a radius of circle which is greater than or equal to>

The circle of (2) is a cutter head radius circle, the virtual gear is an imaginary gear (used for designing generating movement between the first cutter and the gear blank) meshed with the gear blank, the reference circle of the virtual gear is tangent with the reference circle of the gear blank, the first cutter is a gear tooth on the virtual gear,

the speed at the reference circle tangent point of the gear blank is->

The speed at the virtual gear reference circle point should also be @>

，/>

The angular speed of the virtual gear is shown, A-A is the rotation axis of the first cutter, and B-B is the axis of the gear blank; during processing, the tooth blank is driven by the indexing mechanism to be in angular speed on the axis B-B>

Rotating, the first tool swings to and fro to generate cutting motion, simultaneously, the X-axis servo motor drives the X-axis part, the Y-axis servo motor drives the Y-axis part, and the C-axis servo motor drives the C-axis part, so that the first tool rotates around the axis of the virtual gear and is based on the angular speed>

Moving, namely forming tight generating movement between the first cutter and the gear blank until generating machining of a pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces is completed;

a62, after finishing generating and processing a pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces, the X-axis component moves along the negative direction of the X-axis to retract the cutter, and the tooth blank is driven by an indexing mechanism to index to prepare for processing the next pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces; after the tool withdrawal and the indexing are completed, the machining action of A61 is repeated until all the concave-convex tooth surfaces are machined.

A processing method of a processing machine tool for a circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear comprises the following steps:

b1, resetting the machining tool and setting gear machining parameters; the gear processing parameters comprise processing tooth number, gear module, tooth width, gear cutting speed, backing speed, feeding amount and the like;

b2, setting feeding and discharging parameters: the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis are linked with the feeding amount, and a tool setting point is preset; the virtual gear is a virtual gear meshed with the gear blank, the second cutter is a tooth on the virtual gear, and the geometric center of the virtual gear

Located on the o-x axis, and->

The reference circle radius is the reference circle radius of the virtual gear, and o-xyz is a reference coordinate system; when the tool is set, the plane where the cutting edge of the second tool is located is required to be located on an o-xy plane, and the symmetrical surface of the second tool is located over/on>

And on a certain plane perpendicular to the o-xy plane, the cutting edge tip of the inner edge of the second cutter is contacted with the tooth blank but not interfered;

b3, manually controlling the numerical control system; the X-axis part is moved by controlling an X-axis servo motor, the Y-axis part is moved by controlling a Y-axis servo motor, and the Z-axis part is moved by controlling a Z-axis servo motor, so that the second tool is moved to a safe position to provide a space for mounting the gear blank;

b4, mounting the gear blank; adjusting the three-jaw chuck according to relevant parameters such as the size of the gear blank and the like to enable the three-jaw chuck to complete positioning and clamping of the gear blank;

b5, starting a deflection cutting component; setting the radius of a reference circle of a virtual gear where a second cutter is located and the rotating speed of an A-axis servo motor to drive an A-axis part to deflect in a reciprocating manner, so that the second cutter on the A-axis part deflects in a reciprocating manner to machine a gear blank;

b6, gear machining; the gear machining comprises the following steps:

b61, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to the X-axis servo motor, the Y-axis servo motor,The Z-axis servo motor and the C-axis servo motor push the corresponding shaft parts to move, and the second cutter reaches a tool setting point and starts cutting; in the cutting process, the symmetrical surface and the radius of the second cutter are the radius of the cutter head all the time

Is tangent to ensure that the movement track of the second cutter forms an arc rack, wherein the radius is->

The center of the circle is positioned on the middle section of the gear blank; the plane of the cutting edge is coplanar with the plane of the middle section of the gear blank at the initial position; />

The second tool is located atiWhen the cutter is in each position, the distance from the intersection point of the plane of the cutting edge of the second cutter and the radius circle of the cutter head to the middle section of the gear blank is greater or smaller>

The second tool is located atiThe rotational angle of the shaft part A at each position,

and &>

For the second tool in the i-th position, the C-axis member movesyDirection andza direction movement distance; it should satisfy: />

=asin(/>

/R _c )，/>

=/>

，/>

=(1-cos/>

)R _c (ii) a During cutting, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to the X-axis servo motor, the Y-axis servo motor, the Z-axis servo motor, the C-axis servo motor, the A-axis servo motor and the indexing mechanism to drive the corresponding X-axis part, Y-axis part, Z-axis part, C-axis part and A-axis part to be linked with the tooth blank, so that the generation processing of a pair of tooth surfaces of the tooth blank is realized; an o-xyz coordinate system is established,R _g the reference circle of the virtual gear is tangent to the reference circle of the tooth blank, the second tool is a tooth on the virtual gear,wfor processing the rotating speed of the gear blank>

The angular speed of the virtual gear is shown, A-A is the cutter head radius circle rotation axis of the second cutter, and B-B is the axis of the gear blank; during machining, the gear blank is driven by the indexing mechanism to rotate around the axis B-B at an angular speedwRotating, the second cutter swings to and fro to generate cutting motion, simultaneously, the X-axis servo motor drives the X-axis part, the Y-axis servo motor drives the Y-axis part, the Z-axis servo motor drives the Z-axis part, the C-axis servo motor drives the C-axis part, the A-axis servo motor drives the A-axis part, so that the second cutter swings and simultaneously winds the axis of the virtual gear at the angular speed ^ and/or the angular speed ^ on the virtual gear>

Moving, namely forming tight generating movement between the second cutter and the gear blank until generating machining of a pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces is completed;

and B62, after finishing the generating machining of the pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces, moving the X-axis component along the negative direction of the X-axis to retract the cutter, indexing the gear blank under the driving of the indexing mechanism to prepare for machining the next pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces, and after finishing retracting and indexing, repeating the machining action of B61 until all the concave-convex tooth surfaces are machined.

c1, resetting the machining tool, and setting gear machining parameters; the gear processing parameters comprise processing tooth number, gear module, tooth width, gear cutting speed, backing speed, feeding amount and the like;

c2, setting feeding and discharging parameters: the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis are linked with the feeding amount, and a tool setting point is preset; the virtual gear is a virtual gear meshed with the gear blank, the third cutter is a tooth on the virtual gear, and the geometric center of the virtual gear

Located on the o-x axis, and->

The reference circle radius is the reference circle radius of the virtual gear, and o-xyz is a reference coordinate system; when in tool setting, the plane of the cutting edge of the third cutter is required to be positioned on an o-xy plane, and the symmetry plane of the third cutter is positioned on a over-X/Y plane>

And on a certain plane perpendicular to the o-xy plane, and the cutting edge tip of the inner edge of the third cutter is contacted with the tooth blank but not interfered;

c3, manually controlling the numerical control system; the X-axis part is moved by controlling an X-axis servo motor, the Y-axis part is moved by controlling a Y-axis servo motor, and the Z-axis part is moved by controlling a Z-axis servo motor, so that a third cutter is moved to a safe position to provide a space for mounting a gear blank;

c4, mounting the gear blank; adjusting the three-jaw chuck according to relevant parameters such as the size of the gear blank and the like to enable the three-jaw chuck to complete positioning and clamping of the gear blank;

c5, starting a deflection cutting component; setting the reference circle radius of a virtual gear where a third cutter is located and the rotating speed of a servo motor to drive the rotating part to deflect in a reciprocating manner, so that the third cutter on the third cutter holder deflects in a reciprocating manner to process the gear blank;

c6, gear machining; the gear machining comprises the following steps:

c61, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to the X-axis servo motor, the Y-axis servo motor and the Z axisThe servo motor and the C-axis servo motor drive the corresponding shaft parts to move, the third cutter reaches the tool setting point and starts to cut, and the symmetrical plane and the radius of the third cutter are the radius of the cutter head all the time in the cutting process

Is tangent to ensure that the movement track of the third cutter forms an arc rack, wherein the radius is->

The circle is a cutter radius circle, the center of the circle is positioned on the middle section of the gear blank, the plane of the cutting edge is coplanar with the plane of the middle section of the gear blank at the initial position, and the area of the cutting edge is greater than or equal to the mean section of the gear blank>

Is the distance from the axis of the rotating shaft to the plane of the cutting edge of the third cutter and is used for screening the rotating shaft>

For the third tool to be located atxThe distance from the intersection point of the plane of the cutting edge of the third cutter and the radius circle of the cutter head to the middle section of the gear blank at each position, and the length of the knife or the position>

For the third tool to be located atxThe angle of rotation of the rotating part in each position, is greater or less>

And &>

For the third tool to be located atxIn the first position the C-axis member isyDirection andzthe direction moving distance should satisfy: />

=asin(/>

//>

)，/>

=L _A (cos/>

-1)+/>

sin/>

，/>

=L _A sin/>

+( sin/>

tan/>

– 1/cos/>

+1)/>

(ii) a During cutting, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to the X-axis servo motor, the Y-axis servo motor, the Z-axis servo motor, the C-axis servo motor, the servo motors and the indexing mechanism to drive the X-axis part, the Y-axis part, the Z-axis part, the C-axis part, the rotating part and the tooth blank to be linked, so that the generation processing of a pair of tooth surfaces of the tooth blank is realized; establishing an o-xyz coordinate system, based on the location of the receiver in the receiver, and determining the location of the receiver in the receiver>

For the reference circle radius of the gear blank, the virtual gear is a virtual gear (for designing the generating movement between the third tool and the gear blank) which is meshed with the gear blank, the reference circle of the virtual gear is tangent with the reference circle of the gear blank, and the third tool is a gear tooth on the virtual gear and/or the gear on the gear blank>

For machining tooth blanksRotational speed,. Or>

The angular speed of the virtual gear is obtained, A-A is the rotation axis of the radius circle of the cutter head of the third cutter, and B-B is the axis of the gear blank; during processing, the tooth blank is driven by the indexing mechanism to be in angular speed on the axis B-B>

Rotating, the third cutter swings to and fro to generate cutting motion, simultaneously, an X-axis servo motor drives an X-axis part, a Y-axis servo motor drives a Y-axis part, a Z-axis servo motor drives a Z-axis part, a C-axis servo motor drives a C-axis part, and a servo motor drives a rotating part, so that the third cutter swings and rotates around the axis of the virtual gear at the angular speed ^ or>

Moving, namely forming a tight generating motion between the third cutter and the gear blank until generating machining of a pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces is completed;

c62, after finishing the generating machining of the pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces, the X-axis component moves along the negative direction of the X-axis to retract the cutter, the tooth blank is driven by the indexing mechanism to index, preparation is made for machining the next pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces, and after the cutter retracting and the indexing are finished, the machining action of the C61 is repeated until all the concave-convex tooth surfaces are machined.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the utility model provides a machine tool lets the cutter only do the swing back and forth in order to produce cutting motion to avoid the interference of cutter and tooth base, can realize the generating processing of circular arc tooth trace cylinder internal gear, this machine tool is compared in five-axis numerical control machine tool, processes according to this gear shaping principle completely, possesses higher precision and efficiency, and the cost is lower, is favorable to promoting this gear industrialization and uses.

2. The circular arc tooth trace cylindrical inner gear with different tooth trace radiuses can be processed by adopting the cutters as few as possible.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a processing machine tool for a circular arc toothed cylindrical internal gear according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a right side view of a processing machine tool for a circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a tool suspension arm in a processing machine tool for a circular arc toothed cylindrical internal gear according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the present invention, which is a processing machine for circular arc toothed cylindrical internal gears;

fig. 5 is a perspective view of a machine tool for a circular arc toothed cylindrical internal gear according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a right side view of a machine tool for a circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the position of a tool setting point of a machining tool for a circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear according to the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of generating machining of a circular arc-shaped tooth trace cylindrical internal gear of a machining tool for a circular arc-shaped tooth trace cylindrical internal gear according to a first embodiment of the invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing generation of a circular arc locus of a second tool of the processing machine tool for a circular arc-shaped tooth trace cylindrical internal gear according to the second embodiment of the invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram showing generation of a third tool circular arc track of a processing machine tool for a circular arc-shaped tooth trace cylindrical internal gear according to a third embodiment of the invention;

in the figure, 1-indexing mechanism, 3-lathe bed, 5-X axis slide rail, 6-X axis slide block, 7-X axis servo motor, 8-X axis screw rod, 9-X axis part, 10-Y axis servo motor, 11-Y axis screw rod, 12-Y axis slide block, 13-Y axis slide rail, 14-Y axis part, 15-Z axis slide rail, 16-Z axis slide block, 17-Z axis servo motor, 18-Z axis screw rod, 19-Z axis part, 20-C axis servo motor, 21-C axis reducer, 22-C axis part rotating shaft, 23-gland nut, 24-C axis part, 25-hydraulic cylinder, 27-push rod, 29-middle rod, 31-tool rotating shaft, 32-tool cantilever, 33-tool apron, 34-fastening bolt, 35-first tool, 36-three-jaw chuck, 37-gear blank, 40-X-direction chute, 41-Z-direction chute, 42-Y-direction chute, 43-support, 44-transverse chute, 45-A shaft component, 46-A shaft reducer, 47-A shaft servo motor, 48-second tool, 49-rotating component, 50-third tool apron, 51-rotating shaft, 52-reducer, 53-servo motor and 54-third tool.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.

Embodiment one, as shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, a machine tool for a circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear comprises a tool body 3 and a five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism, wherein the tool body 3 is provided with an indexing mechanism 1, the indexing mechanism 1 is a mechanism capable of intermittently rotating for a certain angle or moving for a certain distance, and can be divided into a rotary indexing mechanism and a linear indexing mechanism, the invention adopts the rotary indexing mechanism, the indexing mechanism 1 is provided with a three-jaw chuck 36, the three-jaw chuck 36 is used for clamping a tooth blank 37, clamping jaws of the three-jaw chuck 36 act on the outer wall of the tooth blank 37, so that the inner wall of the tooth blank is exposed, the processing of the inner circular arc tooth trace is convenient, and the five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism is positioned on one side of the three-jaw chuck 36; the five-freedom-degree cutting mechanism comprises an X-axis component 9, a Z-axis component 19, a Y-axis component 14, a C-axis component 24 and a deflection cutting component, wherein the X-axis component 9 is arranged on the lathe bed 3 in a sliding mode, the moving direction of the X-axis component 9 is taken as the X-axis direction, the Z-axis component 19 is arranged on the X-axis component 9 in a sliding mode, the Z-axis component 19 moves along the axial direction of the three-jaw chuck 36, the moving direction of the Z-axis component 19 is taken as the Z-axis direction, the Y-axis component 14 is arranged on the Z-axis component 19 in a sliding mode, the moving direction of the Y-axis component 14 is perpendicular to the moving direction of the X-axis component 9 and the moving direction of the Z-axis component 19, the moving direction of the Y-axis component 14 is taken as the Y-axis direction, an o-xyz reference coordinate system can be established, the C-axis component 24 is arranged on the Y-axis component 14 in a rotating mode, the rotating axis of the C-axis component 24 is parallel to the axis of the three-jaw chuck 36, the deflection cutting component is arranged on the C-axis component 24 in a rotating mode, the deflection axis of the deflection cutting part is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the C-axis part 24, an X-direction chute 40 is arranged on the lathe bed 3, an X-axis lead screw 8 is arranged in the X-direction chute 40 in a rotating mode, an X-direction sliding seat is sleeved on the X-axis lead screw 8 in a threaded mode, the X-axis part 9 is fixed on the X-direction sliding seat, one end of the X-axis lead screw 8 is connected with an output shaft of an X-axis servo motor 7 in a transmission mode, an X-axis sliding rail 5 is fixed on the lathe bed 3, the X-axis sliding rail 5 is parallel to the X-axis lead screw 8, an X-axis sliding block 6 is fixed at the bottom of the X-axis part 9, the X-axis sliding block 6 is matched with the X-axis sliding rail 5 in a sliding mode, the X-axis servo motor 7 drives the X-axis lead screw 8 to rotate, the X-axis sliding block 6 is matched with the X-axis sliding rail 5 in a sliding mode, so that the rotation freedom of the X-axis part 9 is limited, and the X-direction sliding seat is enabled to translate along the axial direction of the X-axis lead screw 8, the X-direction sliding seat drives the X-axis component 9 to move on the lathe bed 3; a Z-direction sliding groove 41 is vertically formed in the end face, close to the three-jaw chuck 36, of the X-axis part 9, a Z-direction sliding groove 41 is arranged in the Z-direction sliding groove 41 in a rotating mode, a Z-direction screw 18 is arranged in the Z-direction sliding groove 41 in a rotating mode, a Z-direction sliding seat is sleeved on the Z-direction screw 18 in a threaded mode, the Z-axis part 19 is fixed on the Z-direction sliding seat, one end of the Z-direction screw 18 is connected with an output shaft of a Z-direction servo motor 17 in a transmission mode, a Z-axis sliding rail 15 is vertically fixed on the X-axis part 9, a Z-direction sliding block 16 is matched with the Z-axis sliding rail 15 in a sliding mode, the Z-direction sliding block 16 is fixed on the Z-axis sliding rail 15 and fixed on the Z-axis part 19, the Z-direction sliding block 16 is fixed on the Z-axis part 19, the Z-direction sliding seat drives the Z-direction sliding seat to translate along the axial direction of the Z-direction screw 18, and the Z-direction sliding seat drives the Z-axis part 19 to move on the X-axis part 9; a Y-direction sliding groove 42 is vertically formed in the end face, close to the three-jaw chuck 36, of the Z-axis part 19, a Y-direction sliding groove 42 is arranged in the Y-direction sliding groove 42 in a rotating mode, a Y-direction sliding seat is sleeved on the Y-direction sliding seat in a threaded mode, the Y-axis part 14 is fixed on the Y-direction sliding seat, one end of the Y-direction sliding rod 11 is connected with an output shaft of a Y-direction servo motor 10 in a transmission mode, a Y-axis sliding rail 13 is fixed on the Z-axis part 19, a Y-axis sliding block 12 is matched with the Y-axis sliding rail 13 in a sliding mode, the Y-axis sliding block 12 is fixed on the Y-axis part 14, the Y-direction sliding seat drives the Y-axis part 11 to rotate, the Y-axis sliding block 12 is matched with the Y-axis sliding rail 13 in a sliding mode, the rotation freedom degree of the Y-direction sliding seat is limited through the Y-axis part 14, the Y-direction sliding seat is enabled to be parallel along the axial direction of the Y-direction sliding rod 11, and the Y-direction sliding seat drives the Y-axis part 14 to move on the Z-axis part 19; two supports 43 are fixed on the Y-axis part 14 at intervals up and down, a connector is arranged on the side wall of the C-axis part 24 and located between the two supports 43, the connector is rotatably connected with the supports 43 through a C-axis part rotating shaft 22, a compression nut 23 is installed at the bottom of the C-axis part rotating shaft 22, the compression nut 23 is in contact with the support 43 at the bottom, a C-axis reducer 21 is arranged on the support 43 at the top, an input shaft of the C-axis reducer 21 is in transmission connection with an output shaft of the C-axis servo motor 20, an output shaft of the C-axis reducer 21 is in transmission connection with the top of the C-axis part rotating shaft 22, the C-axis servo motor 20 drives the C-axis reducer 21 to rotate, the rotating speed of the C-axis servo motor 20 is reduced through the C-axis reducer 21 and is transmitted to the C-axis part rotating shaft 22, so that the C-axis part rotating shaft 22 has high deflection accuracy, and the C-axis part 22 drives the C-axis part 24 to deflect.

Further, the deflection cutting component comprises a hydraulic oil cylinder 25, a push rod 27, a middle rod 29, a cutter rotating shaft 31 and a cutter cantilever 32, a mounting plate is fixed at the top of the C-axis component 24, the hydraulic oil cylinder 25 is vertically mounted on the mounting plate, a telescopic shaft of the hydraulic oil cylinder 25 is hinged to one end of the push rod 27, the other end of the push rod 27 is hinged to one end of the middle rod 29, the cutter rotating shaft 31 is rotatably connected to the C-axis component 24, the rotation axis of the cutter rotating shaft 31 is parallel to the X-axis lead screw 8, the other end of the middle rod 29 is eccentrically hinged to the cutter rotating shaft 31, the cutter cantilever 32 is connected to the cutter rotating shaft 31 through a key, the cutter cantilever 32 is located between the C-axis component 24 and the X-axis component 9, a first cutter 35 is arranged on the cutter cantilever 32, a hydraulic station is arranged on the lathe bed 3 to drive the hydraulic oil cylinder 25 to work, the hydraulic oil cylinder 25 reciprocates to push the push rod 27 so as to drive the middle rod 29 and the cutter rotating shaft 31 to reciprocate, the cutter rotating shaft 31 drives the cutter rotating shaft 31 to reciprocate, the cutter 32 to deflect in a reciprocating manner so as to drive the first cutter 35 to reciprocate, and the first cutter 35 to reciprocate, so as to oscillate in a reciprocating manner, and oscillate around the axis of the cantilever 35 to oscillate, thereby generating a main cutting motion; the end face, close to the X-axis component 9, of the cutter cantilever 32 is provided with a transverse sliding groove 44, a cutter seat 33 is arranged in the transverse sliding groove 44 in a sliding mode, the first cutter 35 is installed on the cutter seat 33, the cutter seat 33 is connected with the cutter cantilever 32 through a fastening bolt 34, the cutter seat 33 can slide in the cutter cantilever 32 and is fixed through the fastening bolt 34, and therefore the nominal cutter disc radius of the first cutter 35 is adjusted, as shown in fig. 3, rc is the nominal cutter disc radius of the cutter, the adjustable structure is beneficial to correcting the position of the first cutter 35 on one hand, on the other hand, circular arc tooth line cylindrical inner gears with different tooth line radiuses at the cutter processing positions can be used, and the processing cost of the circular arc tooth line cylindrical inner gears can be further reduced.

In summary, the first embodiment uses the hydraulic oil cylinder 25 as a power source and matches the degrees of freedom of the X-axis component 9, the Z-axis component 19, the Y-axis component 14 and the C-axis component 24 to realize the reciprocating motion of the tool to generate the main cutting motion, and is suitable for machining large circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gears.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, a machining method using a machine tool for a circular arc toothed cylindrical internal gear according to the first embodiment includes the steps of:

a1, resetting a machining tool, and setting gear machining parameters; the gear processing parameters comprise processing tooth number, gear module, tooth width, gear cutting speed, backspacing speed, feeding amount and the like;

a2, setting feeding and discharging parameters; namely the linkage feeding amount of an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis, and presetting a tool setting point; the virtual gear is a virtual gear engaged with the gear blank 37, the first tool 35 is a tooth on the virtual gear, and the geometric center of the virtual gear

Located on the O-X axis, and>

the reference circle radius is the reference circle radius of the virtual gear, and o-xyz is a reference coordinate system; when the tool is set, the plane of the cutting edge of the first tool 35 is required to be positioned on an o-xy plane, and the symmetrical surface of the first tool 35 is positioned over/over>

And on a certain plane perpendicular to the o-xy plane, and the cutting edge tip in the first cutter 35 contacts with the tooth blank 37 but does not interfere therewith;

a3, manually controlling a numerical control system; the X-axis part 9 is controlled to move by controlling the X-axis servo motor 7, the Y-axis part 14 is controlled to move by controlling the Y-axis servo motor 10, and the Z-axis servo motor 17 is controlled to move the Z-axis part 19 so as to move the first cutter 35 to a safe position and provide a space for mounting a gear blank 37;

a4, mounting the gear blank 37; adjusting the three-jaw chuck 36 according to relevant parameters such as the size of the gear blank 37 and the like, so that the three-jaw chuck 36 can position and clamp the gear blank 37;

a5, starting a deflection cutting component; setting the reciprocating speed of the hydraulic oil cylinder 25, wherein the hydraulic oil cylinder 25 pushes the first cutter 35 to reciprocate through a four-bar mechanism (comprising a push rod 27, an intermediate rod 29, a cutter rotating shaft 31 and the like) to generate main cutting motion so as to start the machining of the circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear;

a6, gear machining; the gear machining comprises the following steps:

a61, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to the X-axis servo motor 7, the Y-axis servo motor 10, the Z-axis servo motor 17 and the C-axis servo motor 20 to push corresponding shaft parts to move, and the first cutter 35 reaches a cutter setting point and starts cutting; during cutting, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to the X-axis servo motor 7, the Y-axis servo motor 10, the indexing mechanism 1 and the C-axis servo motor 20 to drive the X-axis part 9, the Y-axis part 14 and the C-axis part 24 to be linked with the tooth blank 37, so that the generating processing of a pair of tooth surfaces of the tooth blank 37 is realized;

for the tooth blank reference circle radius, radius is->

The circle of (a) is the cutter radius circle, the virtual gear is an imaginary gear (for designing generating movement between the first cutter 35 and the tooth blank 37) meshed with the tooth blank 37, the reference circle of the imaginary gear is tangent with the reference circle of the tooth blank 37, the first cutter 35 is a gear tooth on the virtual gear, and the gear is arranged in the area of the gear tooth>

The speed at the reference circle tangent point of the gear blank is->

The speed at the virtual gear reference circle point should also be @>

，/>

Is the angular velocity of the virtual gear,base:Sub>A-base:Sub>A is the axis of rotation of the first tool 35,B-B is the axis of the tooth blank 37; during processing, the tooth blank 37 is driven by the indexing mechanism 1 about its own axis B-B at an angular speed>

When the first tool 35 rotates, the first tool swings back and forth to generate cutting motion, meanwhile, the X-axis servo motor 7 drives the X-axis part 9, the Y-axis servo motor 10 drives the Y-axis part 14, the C-axis servo motor 20 drives the C-axis part 24, so that the first tool 35 rotates around the axis of the virtual gear at an angular speed ^ and ^ on>

Moving, namely, forming a tight generating movement between the first cutter 35 and the tooth blank 37 until generating machining of a pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces is completed;

a62, after finishing generating and processing a pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces, the X-axis component 9 moves along the negative direction of the X-axis to retract the cutter, and the tooth blank 37 is indexed under the driving of the indexing mechanism 1 to prepare for processing the next pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces; after the tool withdrawal and indexing are completed, the machining action of A61 is repeated until all the concave-convex tooth surfaces are machined.

Embodiment two, as shown in fig. 4, a machine tool for a circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear comprises a machine body 3 and a five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism, wherein the machine body 3 is provided with an indexing mechanism 1, the indexing mechanism 1 is a mechanism capable of intermittently rotating for a certain angle or moving for a certain distance and can be divided into a rotary indexing mechanism and a linear indexing mechanism, the invention adopts the rotary indexing mechanism, the indexing mechanism 1 is provided with a three-jaw chuck 36, the three-jaw chuck 36 is used for clamping a tooth blank 37, jaws of the three-jaw chuck 36 act on the outer wall of the tooth blank 37 to expose the inner wall of the tooth blank, so that the processing of an inner circular arc tooth trace is convenient, and the five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism is positioned on one side of the three-jaw chuck 36; the five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism comprises an X-axis component 9, a Z-axis component 19, a Y-axis component 14, a C-axis component 24 and a deflection cutting component, wherein the X-axis component 9 is arranged on the lathe bed 3 in a sliding manner, the Z-axis component 19 is arranged on the X-axis component 9 in a sliding manner, the Z-axis component 19 moves along the axial direction of a three-jaw chuck 36, the Y-axis component 14 is arranged on the Z-axis component 19 in a sliding manner, the moving direction of the Y-axis component 14 is perpendicular to the moving direction of the X-axis component 9 and the Z-axis component 19, the C-axis component 24 is arranged on the Y-axis component 14 in a rotating manner, the rotating axis of the C-axis component 24 is parallel to the axis of the three-jaw chuck 36, the deflection cutting component is arranged on the C-axis component 24 in a rotating manner, the deflection axis of the deflection cutting component is perpendicular to the rotating axis of the C-axis component 24, an X-axis chute 40 is arranged on the lathe bed 3 in a rotating manner, an X-axis lead screw 8 is sleeved with an X-axis slide carriage, the X-axis 9 is fixed on the X-axis slide carriage, one end of the X-axis lead screw 8 is connected with the output shaft of an X-axis servo motor 7, an X-axis slide rail 5 is fixed on the lathe bed 3, an X-axis slide rail 5 parallel to the X-axis slide rail 8, and a slide rail 6 matched with the slide rail 6 fixed on the X-axis slide rail 6, which is fixed on the X-axis slide rail 6, and the slide rail 6, which is fixed on the slide rail 6; a Z-direction sliding groove 41 is vertically formed in the end face, close to the three-jaw chuck 36, of the X-axis part 9, a Z-axis lead screw 18 is rotatably arranged in the Z-direction sliding groove 41, a Z-direction sliding seat is sleeved on the Z-axis lead screw 18 in a threaded manner, the Z-axis part 19 is fixed on the Z-direction sliding seat, one end of the Z-axis lead screw 18 is in transmission connection with an output shaft of a Z-axis servo motor 17, a Z-axis sliding rail 15 is vertically fixed on the X-axis part 9, a Z-axis sliding block 16 is matched with the Z-axis sliding rail 15 in a sliding manner, and the Z-axis sliding block 16 is fixed on the Z-axis part 19; a Y-direction sliding groove 42 is vertically formed in the end face, close to the three-jaw chuck 36, of the Z-axis part 19, a Y-direction screw 11 is arranged in the Y-direction sliding groove 42 in a rotating mode, a Y-direction sliding seat is sleeved on the Y-direction screw 11 in a threaded mode, the Y-axis part 14 is fixed on the Y-direction sliding seat, one end of the Y-axis screw 11 is connected with an output shaft of a Y-axis servo motor 10 in a transmission mode, a Y-axis sliding rail 13 is fixed on the Z-axis part 19, a Y-axis sliding block 12 is matched with the Y-axis sliding rail 13 in a sliding mode, the Y-axis sliding block 12 is fixed on the Y-axis part 14, two supporting seats 43 are fixed on the Y-axis part 14 at intervals up and down, a connecting body is arranged on the side wall of the C-axis part 24 and located between the two supporting seats 43, the connecting body is rotatably connected with the support 43 through the C-axis part rotating shaft 22, the compression nut 23 is installed at the bottom of the C-axis part rotating shaft 22, the compression nut 23 is in contact with the support 43 at the lowest part, the C-axis speed reducer 21 is arranged on the support 43 at the highest part, the input shaft of the C-axis speed reducer 21 is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the C-axis servo motor 20, the output shaft of the C-axis speed reducer 21 is in transmission connection with the top of the C-axis part rotating shaft 22, the structure of the five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism in the second embodiment is the same as that of the five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism in the first embodiment, the driving mode and the driving mode are identical, and the operation process is not repeated herein. The deflection cutting part comprises an A-axis part 45, an A-axis reducer 46 and an A-axis servo motor 47, wherein the A-axis part 45 is rotatably connected to a C-axis part 24, one end of the C-axis part 24 is connected with an output shaft of the A-axis reducer 46, an input shaft of the A-axis reducer 46 is in transmission connection with an output shaft of the A-axis servo motor 47, a second cutter 48 is mounted at the other end of the A-axis part 45, the rotation speed of the A-axis servo motor 47 is reduced by the A-axis reducer 46 so that the rotation speed of the A-axis servo motor 47 is transmitted to the C-axis part 24, the C-axis part 24 is made to swing back and forth, and the second cutter 48 swings around the axis of the A-axis part 45, in the machining process, the Z-axis part 19 moves up and down to make the second cutter 48 reciprocate to generate main cutting movement, and meanwhile, the X-axis part 9, the Y-axis part 14, the A-axis part 45 and the C-axis part 24 are linked, so that the second cutter 48 and the tooth blank 37 perform precise generating movement, and machining of a circular arc tooth-line cylindrical internal gear is completed.

In summary, the second embodiment uses the motor as a power source, and the motor drives the cutting tool to reciprocate to generate a main cutting motion, so as to realize high-precision generating and processing of the circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear.

As shown in fig. 7 and 9, a machining method using a machine tool for a circular arc toothed cylindrical internal gear according to a second embodiment includes the steps of:

b1, resetting the machining tool, and setting gear machining parameters; the gear processing parameters comprise processing tooth number, gear module, tooth width, gear cutting speed, backspacing speed, feeding amount and the like;

b2, setting feeding and discharging parameters: the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis are linked with the feeding amount, and a tool setting point is preset; the virtual gear is a virtual gear engaged with the gear blank 37, the second tool 48 is a tooth on the virtual gear, and the geometric center of the virtual gear

Located on the o-x axis, and->

The reference circle radius is the reference circle radius of the virtual gear, and o-xyz is a reference coordinate system; when in tool setting, the plane where the cutting edge of the second cutter 48 is positioned is required to be positioned on an o-xy plane, and the symmetrical plane of the second cutter 48 is positioned on a over-bright/dark part>

And on a plane perpendicular to the o-xy plane, with the tips of the inner edges of the second cutters 48 in contact with but not interfering with the blank 37;

b3, manually controlling the numerical control system; the X-axis part 9 is controlled to move by controlling the X-axis servo motor 7, the Y-axis part 14 is controlled to move by controlling the Y-axis servo motor 10, and the Z-axis servo motor 17 is controlled to move the Z-axis part 19 so as to move the second tool 48 to a safe position and provide a space for mounting the gear blank 37;

b4, mounting the gear blank 37; adjusting the three-jaw chuck 36 according to relevant parameters such as the size of the gear blank 37 and the like, so that the three-jaw chuck 36 can position and clamp the gear blank 37;

b5, starting a deflection cutting component; setting the reference circle radius of the virtual gear where the second tool 48 is located and the rotation speed of the A-axis servo motor 47 to drive the A-axis part 45 to deflect in a reciprocating manner, so that the second tool 48 on the A-axis part 45 deflects in a reciprocating manner to machine the gear blank 37;

b6, gear machining; the gear machining comprises the following steps:

b61, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to the X-axis servo motor 7, the Y-axis servo motor 10, the Z-axis servo motor 17 and the C-axis servo motor 20 to push corresponding shaft parts to move, and the second cutter 48 reaches a cutter setting point and starts cutting; during the cutting process, the symmetrical plane and the radius of the second cutter 48 are the radius of the cutter head all the time

Is tangent to ensure that the movement path of the second tool 48 forms a circular arc rack, wherein the radius is greater or less than>

The circle of (2) is a cutterhead radius circle, and the center of the circle is positioned on the middle section of the gear blank 37; the plane of the cutting edge is coplanar with the plane of the middle section of the gear blank 37 at the initial position; />

For the second tool 48 to be located atiIn each position, the distance from the intersection point of the plane of the cutting edge of the second cutter 48 and the radius circle of the cutter disc to the middle section of the gear blank is greater or smaller than the preset value>

For the second tool 48 to be located atiIn each position, the shaft A part 45 is pivoted>

And &>

For the second cutter 48 to be in the ith position, the C-axis member 24 is movedyDirection andza direction movement distance; the following requirements should be satisfied: />

=asin(/>

/R _c )，/>

=/>

，/>

=(1-cos/>

)R _c (ii) a During cutting, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to the X-axis servo motor 7, the Y-axis servo motor 10, the Z-axis servo motor 17, the C-axis servo motor 20, the A-axis servo motor 47 and the indexing mechanism 1 to drive the corresponding X-axis part 9, Y-axis part 14, Z-axis part 19, C-axis part 24 and A-axis part 45 to be linked with the tooth blank 37, so that the generation processing of a pair of tooth surfaces of the tooth blank 37 is realized; an o-xyz coordinate system is established,R _g for the gear blank reference circle radius, the virtual gear is a virtual gear (for designing the second gear) engaged with the gear blank 37Generating motion between the tool 48 and the blank 37), the reference circle of the virtual gear is tangent to the reference circle of the blank 37, the second tool 48 is a tooth on the virtual gear,wfor the purpose of determining the rotational speed of the tooth blank 37 during processing>

The angular speed of the virtual gear is shown, A-A is the rotary axis of the cutter head radius circle of the second cutter 48, and B-B is the axis of the gear blank 37; during machining, the blank 37 is driven by the indexing mechanism 1 to rotate about its own axis B-B at an angular speedwThe second tool 48 is rotated and swung back and forth to generate a cutting motion, meanwhile, the X-axis servo motor 7 drives the X-axis part 9, the Y-axis servo motor 10 drives the Y-axis part 14, the Z-axis servo motor 17 drives the Z-axis part 19, the C-axis servo motor 20 drives the C-axis part 24, the A-axis servo motor 47 drives the A-axis part 45, and the second tool 48 swings and swings around the axis of the virtual gear at an angular speed ^ and ^ at an angular speed>

Moving, namely, forming a tight generating movement between the second cutter 48 and the tooth blank 37 until generating machining of a pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces is completed;

and B62, after finishing generating and machining the pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces, moving the X-axis component 9 along the negative direction of the X-axis to retract the cutter, indexing the gear blank 37 under the driving of the indexing mechanism 1 to prepare for machining the next pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces, and repeating the machining action of B61 after the cutter retraction and the indexing are finished until all the concave-convex tooth surfaces are machined.

Embodiment three, as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, a machine tool for a circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear comprises a machine body 3 and a five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism, wherein the machine body 3 is provided with an indexing mechanism 1, the indexing mechanism 1 is a mechanism capable of intermittently rotating for a certain angle or moving for a certain distance and can be divided into a rotary indexing mechanism and a linear indexing mechanism, the machine tool adopts the rotary indexing mechanism, the indexing mechanism 1 is provided with a three-jaw chuck 36, the three-jaw chuck 36 is used for clamping a tooth blank 37, jaws of the three-jaw chuck 36 act on the outer wall of the tooth blank 37 to expose the inner wall of the tooth blank, and the inner circular arc tooth trace is conveniently machined, and the five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism is positioned on one side of the three-jaw chuck 36; the five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism comprises an X-axis component 9, a Z-axis component 19, a Y-axis component 14, a C-axis component 24 and a deflection cutting component, wherein the X-axis component 9 is arranged on a lathe bed 3 in a sliding manner, the Z-axis component 19 is arranged on the X-axis component 9 in a sliding manner, the Z-axis component 19 moves along the axial direction of a three-jaw chuck 36, the Y-axis component 14 is arranged on the Z-axis component 19 in a sliding manner, the moving direction of the Y-axis component 14 is perpendicular to the moving direction of the X-axis component 9 and the Z-axis component 19, the C-axis component 24 is arranged on the Y-axis component 14 in a rotating manner, the rotating axis of the C-axis component 24 is parallel to the axis of the three-jaw chuck 36, the deflection cutting component is arranged on the C-axis component 24 in a rotating manner, the deflection axis of the deflection cutting component is perpendicular to the rotating axis of the C-axis component 24, an X-direction chute 40 is arranged on the lathe bed 3, an X-direction lead screw 8 is rotatably arranged in the X-direction chute 40, an X-direction sliding base is sleeved on the X-axis lead screw 8, the X-axis component 9 is fixed on the X-axis sliding base, one end of the X-axis lead screw 8 is in a transmission connection with an output shaft servo motor 7, an X-axis slide base of the X-axis, an X-axis slide rail 5 is fixed on the X-axis slide base of the X-axis servo motor 7, an X-axis slide rail 5 is fixed on the X-axis slide rail 5, an X-axis slide block 6, an X-axis slide rail 5 is fixed on the X-axis slide rail 5, and a slide rail 5 fixed on the X-axis slide rail 6 matched with the X-axis slide rail 9, the X-axis slide rail 6 matched with the X-axis slide rail 3; a Z-direction sliding groove 41 is vertically formed in the end face, close to the three-jaw chuck 36, of the X-axis part 9, a Z-axis lead screw 18 is rotatably arranged in the Z-direction sliding groove 41, a Z-direction sliding seat is sleeved on the Z-axis lead screw 18 in a threaded manner, the Z-axis part 19 is fixed on the Z-direction sliding seat, one end of the Z-axis lead screw 18 is in transmission connection with an output shaft of a Z-axis servo motor 17, a Z-axis sliding rail 15 is vertically fixed on the X-axis part 9, a Z-axis sliding block 16 is matched with the Z-axis sliding rail 15 in a sliding manner, and the Z-axis sliding block 16 is fixed on the Z-axis part 19; a Y-direction sliding groove 42 is vertically formed in the end face, close to the three-jaw chuck 36, of the Z-axis part 19, a Y-axis lead screw 11 is arranged in the Y-direction sliding groove 42 in a rotating mode, a Y-direction sliding seat is sleeved on the Y-axis lead screw 11 in a threaded mode, the Y-axis part 14 is fixed on the Y-direction sliding seat, one end of the Y-axis lead screw 11 is connected with an output shaft of the Y-axis servo motor 10 in a transmission mode, a Y-axis sliding rail 13 is fixed on the Z-axis part 19, a Y-axis sliding block 12 is matched with the Y-axis sliding rail 13 in a sliding mode, and the Y-axis sliding block 12 is fixed on the Y-axis part 14; two supports 43 are fixed on the Y-axis part 14 at intervals up and down, a connector is arranged on the side wall of the C-axis part 24 and is positioned between the two supports 43, the connector is rotatably connected with the supports 43 through a C-axis part rotating shaft 22, a compression nut 23 is installed at the bottom of the C-axis part rotating shaft 22, the compression nut 23 is contacted with the support 43 at the bottom, a C-axis reducer 21 is arranged on the support 43 at the top, an input shaft of the C-axis reducer 21 is in transmission connection with an output shaft of a C-axis servo motor 20, and an output shaft of the C-axis reducer 21 is in transmission connection with the top of the C-axis part rotating shaft 22; the deflection cutting component comprises a rotating component 49 and a third tool holder 50, a mounting groove is formed in the bottom of the C-axis component 24, the top of the rotating component 49 is arranged in the mounting groove, the rotating component 49 is rotatably connected with the C-axis component 24 through a rotating shaft 51, the third tool holder 50 is fixedly mounted on the rotating component 49, a third tool 54 is mounted on the end face, close to the X-axis component 9, of the third tool holder 50, a speed reducer 52 is mounted on the rotating component 49, an output shaft of the speed reducer 52 is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft 51, an input shaft of the speed reducer 52 is in transmission connection with an output shaft of a servo motor 53, the speed reducer 52 is driven through the servo motor 53, the rotating shaft 51 is transmitted after the rotating speed of the servo motor 53 is reduced, the rotating component 49 is driven by the rotating shaft 51 to rotate the rotating component 49, the rotating component 49 drives the third tool holder 50 and the third tool 54 on the third tool holder 50 to swing in a reciprocating mode, in the machining process, the Z-axis component 19 moves up and down to enable the third tool 54 to move to generate main cutting motion, meanwhile, the X-axis component 9, the Y-axis component 14, the rotating component 49 and the C-axis 24 are linked, and the third tool 54 and the tooth blank 37 to perform precise shaping motion, and complete machining of an arc-shaped cylindrical tooth line.

In summary, the third embodiment and the first embodiment are all applicable to the machining of a large circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear, and different from the first embodiment, the deflection cutting component in the third embodiment is driven by a motor, the motor is used as a power source, the reciprocating motion of the cutting tool is realized through the driving of the motor to generate a main cutting motion, and the high-precision generating machining of the circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear can be realized.

Therefore, the machining machine tool with a proper structure is selected according to the actual working condition and the size of the circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear to machine the tooth blank.

As shown in fig. 7 and 10, a machining method using a machine tool for a circular arc toothed cylindrical internal gear of the third embodiment includes the steps of:

c1, resetting the machining tool and setting gear machining parameters; the gear processing parameters comprise processing tooth number, gear module, tooth width, gear cutting speed, backing speed, feeding amount and the like;

c2, setting feeding and discharging parameters: the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis are linked with the feeding amount, and a tool setting point is preset; the virtual gear is a virtual gear engaged with the gear blank 37, the third tool 54 is a tooth on the virtual gear, and the geometric center of the virtual gear

Located on the o-x axis, and->

The reference circle radius is the reference circle radius of the virtual gear, and o-xyz is a reference coordinate system; when in tool setting, the plane where the cutting edge of the third cutter 54 is positioned is required to be positioned on an o-xy plane, and the symmetrical plane of the third cutter 54 is positioned on a over-X/Y plane>

And on a plane perpendicular to the o-xy plane, with the tips of the inner edges of the third tool 54 in contact with the blank 37 without interference;

c3, manually controlling the numerical control system; the X-axis part 9 is controlled to move by controlling the X-axis servo motor 7, the Y-axis part 14 is controlled to move by controlling the Y-axis servo motor 10, and the Z-axis servo motor 17 is controlled to move the Z-axis part 19 so as to move the third tool 54 to a safe position and provide a space for mounting the gear blank 37;

c4, mounting the gear blank 37; adjusting the three-jaw chuck 36 according to relevant parameters such as the size of the gear blank 37 and the like, so that the three-jaw chuck 36 can position and clamp the gear blank 37;

c5, starting a deflection cutting component; setting the reference circle radius of the virtual gear where the third tool 54 is located and the rotation speed of the servo motor 53 to drive the rotating component 49 to perform reciprocating deflection, so that the third tool 54 on the third tool apron 50 performs reciprocating deflection to process the gear blank 37;

c6, gear machining; the gear machining comprises the following steps:

c61, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to the X-axis servo motor 7 and the YThe axis servo motor 10, the Z axis servo motor 17 and the C axis servo motor 20 push the corresponding axis parts to move, the third cutter 54 reaches the tool setting point and starts cutting, and the symmetrical plane and the radius of the third cutter 54 are the radius of the cutter head all the time in the cutting process

Is tangent to ensure that the movement path of the third tool 54 forms a circular arc rack, wherein the radius is->

The circle of (4) is a cutterhead radius circle, the center of the circle is positioned on the middle section of the gear blank 37, the plane of the cutting edge at the initial position is coplanar with the plane of the middle section of the gear blank 37, and the position of the cutting edge is greater than or equal to the mean section of the gear blank 37>

Is the distance from the axis of the rotating shaft 51 to the cutting edge plane of the third cutter 54>

For the third tool 54 to be located atxThe distance from the intersection point of the plane of the cutting edge of the third cutter 54 and the radius circle of the cutter head to the middle section of the gear blank at each position, and the length of the knife or the position of the knife>

For the third tool 54 to be located atxThe angle of rotation of the rotating member 49 in each position, is greater or smaller>

And &>

For the third tool 54 to be locatedxIn the first position the C-axis member 24 isyDirections andzthe direction moving distance should satisfy: />

=asin(/>

//>

)，

=L _A (cos/>

-1)+/>

sin/>

，/>

=L _A sin/>

+( sin/>

tan/>

– 1/cos/>

+1)/>

(ii) a During cutting, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to the X-axis servo motor 7, the Y-axis servo motor 10, the Z-axis servo motor 17, the C-axis servo motor 20, the servo motor 53 and the indexing mechanism 1 to drive the X-axis part 9, the Y-axis part 14, the Z-axis part 19, the C-axis part 24, the rotating part 49 and the tooth blank 37 to be linked, so that the generating processing of a pair of tooth surfaces of the tooth blank 37 is realized; establishing an o-xyz coordinate system, based on the location of the tissue in the tissue>

For the blank reference circle radius, the virtual gear is an imaginary gear (for designing the generating movement between the third tool 54 and the blank 37) which meshes with the blank 37, the reference circle of the imaginary gear is tangent to the reference circle of the blank 37, the third tool 54 is a tooth on the virtual gear, and the imaginary gear is a tooth on the imaginary gear>

For processing the rotating speed of the gear blank>

The angular velocity of the virtual gear is shown, A-A is the rotation axis of the radius circle of the cutter head of the third cutter 54, and B-B is the axis of the gear blank 37; during processing, the tooth blank 37 is driven by the indexing mechanism 1 about its own axis B-B at an angular speed>

Rotating, the third tool 54 swings back and forth to generate cutting motion, meanwhile, the X-axis servo motor 7 drives the X-axis part 9, the Y-axis servo motor 10 drives the Y-axis part 14, the Z-axis servo motor 17 drives the Z-axis part 19, the C-axis servo motor 20 drives the C-axis part 24, the servo motor 53 drives the rotating part 49, and the third tool 54 swings and swings at an angular velocity->

Moving, namely, forming a tight generating movement between the third cutter 54 and the gear blank 37 until generating machining of a pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces is completed;

c62, after finishing the generating machining of a pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces, the X-axis component 9 moves along the negative direction of the X-axis to retract the cutter, the gear blank 37 is driven by the indexing mechanism 1 to index, preparation is made for the machining of the next pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces, and after the cutter retracting and the indexing are finished, the machining action of the C61 is repeated until all the concave-convex tooth surfaces are machined.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "coaxial", "bottom", "one end", "top", "middle", "other end", "upper", "one side", "top", "inner", "front", "center", "both ends", and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings, which are based on the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention; and those skilled in the art will recognize that the benefits of the present invention are to be achieved only in certain circumstances, and not directly to the best use in the industry, as compared to current implementations in the prior art.

The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and is not to be construed as limited to the exclusion of other embodiments, and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be used and modifications may be made within the scope of the concepts described herein, either by the above teachings or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The processing machine tool for the circular arc tooth trace cylindrical internal gear is characterized by comprising a machine body (3) and a five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism, wherein the machine body (3) is provided with an indexing mechanism (1), the indexing mechanism (1) is provided with a three-jaw chuck (36), and the five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism is positioned on one side of the three-jaw chuck (36);

the five-degree-of-freedom cutting mechanism comprises an X-axis component (9), a Z-axis component (19), a Y-axis component (14), a C-axis component (24) and a deflection cutting component, wherein the X-axis component (9) is arranged on the lathe bed (3) in a sliding mode, the Z-axis component (19) is arranged on the X-axis component (9) in a sliding mode, the Z-axis component (19) moves along the axial direction of the three-jaw chuck (36), the Y-axis component (14) is arranged on the Z-axis component (19) in a sliding mode, the moving direction of the Y-axis component (14) is perpendicular to the moving direction of the X-axis component (9), the C-axis component (24) is arranged on the Y-axis component (14) in a rotating mode, the rotating axis of the C-axis component (24) is parallel to the axis of the three-jaw chuck (36), the deflection cutting component is arranged on the C (24) in a rotating mode, and the deflection axis of the deflection cutting component is perpendicular to the rotating axis of the C-axis component (24).

2. The processing machine tool for the circular arc toothed cylindrical internal gear is characterized in that an X-direction sliding groove (40) is formed in the machine tool body (3), an X-axis lead screw (8) is arranged in the X-direction sliding groove (40) in a rotating mode, an X-direction sliding seat is sleeved on the X-axis lead screw (8) in a threaded mode, an X-axis part (9) is fixed on the X-direction sliding seat, one end of the X-axis lead screw (8) is connected with an output shaft of an X-axis servo motor (7) in a transmission mode, an X-axis sliding rail (5) is fixed on the machine tool body (3), the X-axis sliding rail (5) is parallel to the X-axis lead screw (8), an X-axis sliding block (6) is fixed at the bottom of the X-axis part (9), and the X-axis sliding block (6) is matched with the X-axis sliding rail (5) in a sliding mode;

a Z-direction sliding groove (41) is vertically formed in the end face, close to the three-jaw chuck (36), of the X-axis part (9), a Z-axis lead screw (18) is arranged in the Z-direction sliding groove (41) in a rotating mode, a Z-direction sliding seat is sleeved on the Z-axis lead screw (18) in a threaded mode, the Z-axis part (19) is fixed on the Z-direction sliding seat, one end of the Z-axis lead screw (18) is in transmission connection with an output shaft of a Z-axis servo motor (17), a Z-axis sliding rail (15) is vertically fixed on the X-axis part (9), a Z-axis sliding block (16) is matched on the Z-axis sliding rail (15) in a sliding mode, and the Z-axis sliding block (16) is fixed on the Z-axis part (19);

the Y-direction sliding groove (42) is vertically formed in the end face, close to the three-jaw chuck (36), of the Z-axis part (19), a Y-direction threaded rod (11) is arranged in the Y-direction sliding groove (42) in a rotating mode, a Y-direction sliding seat is sleeved on the Y-direction threaded rod (11) in a threaded mode, the Y-axis part (14) is fixed to the Y-direction sliding seat, one end of the Y-direction threaded rod (11) is in transmission connection with an output shaft of a Y-axis servo motor (10), a Y-axis sliding rail (13) is fixed to the Z-axis part (19), a Y-axis sliding block (12) is matched with the Y-axis sliding rail (13) in a sliding mode, and the Y-axis sliding block (12) is fixed to the Y-axis part (14).

3. A machine tool for a circular arc toothed cylindrical internal gear according to claim 2, characterized in that two supports (43) are fixed on the Y-axis member (14) at intervals up and down, a connecting body is arranged on the side wall of the C-axis member (24), the connecting body is located between the two supports (43), the connecting body is rotatably connected with the supports (43) through a C-axis member revolving shaft (22), a compression nut (23) is installed at the bottom of the C-axis member revolving shaft (22), the compression nut (23) is in contact with the lowermost support (43), a C-axis reducer (21) is arranged on the uppermost support (43), an input shaft of the C-axis reducer (21) is in transmission connection with an output shaft of a C-axis servo motor (20), and an output shaft of the C-axis reducer (21) is in transmission connection with the top of the C-axis member revolving shaft (22).

4. The machine tool for the circular arc toothed cylindrical internal gear is characterized in that the deflection cutting component comprises a hydraulic oil cylinder (25), a push rod (27), a middle rod (29), a cutter rotating shaft (31) and a cutter cantilever (32), a mounting plate is fixed at the top of the C-shaft component (24), the hydraulic oil cylinder (25) is vertically mounted on the mounting plate, a telescopic shaft of the hydraulic oil cylinder (25) is hinged to one end of the push rod (27), the other end of the push rod (27) is hinged to one end of the middle rod (29), the cutter rotating shaft (31) is rotatably connected to the C-shaft component (24), the rotation axis of the cutter rotating shaft (31) is parallel to the X-shaft lead screw (8), the other end of the middle rod (29) is eccentrically hinged to the cutter rotating shaft (31), the cutter cantilever (32) is connected to the cutter rotating shaft (31) through a key, the cutter cantilever (32) is located between the C-shaft component (24) and the X-shaft component (9), and a first cutter (35) is arranged on the cutter cantilever (32).

5. The machine tool for machining a circular arc toothed cylindrical internal gear according to claim 4, characterized in that the end face of the tool cantilever (32) close to the X-axis component (9) is provided with a transverse sliding groove (44), a tool holder (33) is slidably arranged in the transverse sliding groove (44), the first tool (35) is mounted on the tool holder (33), and the tool holder (33) is connected with the tool cantilever (32) through a fastening bolt (34).

6. A machine tool for a circular arc toothed cylindrical internal gear according to claim 3, characterized in that the deflection cutting means comprises an a-axis member (45), an a-axis reducer (46) and an a-axis servo motor (47), the a-axis member (45) is rotatably connected to the C-axis member (24), one end of the C-axis member (24) is connected to an output shaft of the a-axis reducer (46), an input shaft of the a-axis reducer (46) is in transmission connection with an output shaft of the a-axis servo motor (47), and a second tool (48) is mounted at the other end of the a-axis member (45).

7. The processing machine tool for the circular arc toothed cylindrical internal gear according to claim 3, wherein the deflection cutting component comprises a rotating component (49) and a third tool seat (50), a mounting groove is formed in the bottom of the C-axis component (24), the top of the rotating component (49) is arranged in the mounting groove, the rotating component (49) is rotatably connected with the C-axis component (24) through a rotating shaft (51), the third tool seat (50) is fixedly mounted on the rotating component (49), a third tool (54) is mounted on the third tool seat (50) close to the end face of the X-axis component (9), a speed reducer (52) is mounted on the rotating component (49), an output shaft of the speed reducer (52) is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft (51), and an input shaft of the speed reducer (52) is in transmission connection with an output shaft of a servo motor (53).

8. A machining method for a circular arc-shaped tooth trace cylindrical internal gear, which utilizes the machine tool of claim 5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a1, resetting a machining tool and setting gear machining parameters; the gear processing parameters comprise processing tooth number, gear module, tooth width, gear cutting speed, backing speed, feeding amount and the like;

a2, setting feeding and discharging parameters; i.e. X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axisThe dynamic feeding amount is preset to a tool setting point; the virtual gear is a virtual gear meshed with the gear blank (37), the first tool (35) is a tooth on the virtual gear, and the geometric center of the virtual gear

On the O-X axis, in combination with a suitable radiation source>

The reference circle radius is the reference circle radius of the virtual gear, and o-xyz is a reference coordinate system; when in tool setting, the plane of the cutting edge of the first tool (35) is required to be positioned on an o-xy plane, and the symmetrical plane of the first tool (35) is positioned over/on>

And on a certain plane perpendicular to the o-xy plane, and the blade tip of the inner edge of the first tool (35) is contacted with the tooth blank (37) but not interfered;

a3, manually controlling the numerical control system; the X-axis part (9) is moved by controlling an X-axis servo motor (7), the Y-axis servo motor (10) is controlled to move a Y-axis part (14), and a Z-axis servo motor (17) is controlled to move a Z-axis part (19) so as to move a first cutter (35) to a safe position and provide a space for mounting a gear blank (37);

a4, mounting the gear blank (37); adjusting the three-jaw chuck (36) according to relevant parameters such as the size of the gear blank (37) and the like, so that the three-jaw chuck (36) can position and clamp the gear blank (37);

a5, starting a deflection cutting component; setting the reciprocating speed of a hydraulic oil cylinder (25), wherein the hydraulic oil cylinder (25) pushes a first cutter (35) to reciprocate through a four-bar mechanism to generate main cutting motion so as to start the machining of an arc-shaped tooth trace cylindrical internal gear;

a6, gear machining; the gear machining comprises the following steps:

a61, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to an X-axis servo motor (7), a Y-axis servo motor (10), a Z-axis servo motor (17) and a C-axis servo motor (20) to push corresponding shaft parts to move, and a first cutter (35) reaches a cutter setting point and starts to cut(ii) a During cutting, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to the X-axis servo motor (7), the Y-axis servo motor (10), the indexing mechanism (1) and the C-axis servo motor (20) to drive the X-axis part (9), the Y-axis part (14) and the C-axis part (24) to be linked with the tooth blank (37), so that the generating machining of a pair of tooth surfaces of the tooth blank (37) is realized;

The circle of (2) is a cutterhead radius circle, the virtual gear is an imaginary gear meshed with the gear blank (37), the reference circle of the virtual gear is tangent with the reference circle of the gear blank (37), the first tool (35) is a gear tooth on the virtual gear, and the gear tooth is on the basis of the reference circle of the gear blank (37)>

For the rotational speed of the tooth blank during machining, the speed at the pitch circle tangent point of the tooth blank is

The speed at the virtual gear reference circle point should also be @>

，/>

The angular speed of the virtual gear is defined as A-A, the rotation axis of the first cutter (35) and B-B, the axis of the gear blank (37); during processing, the gear blank (37) is driven by the dividing mechanism (1) to rotate around the self axis B-B at an angular speed->

When the first cutter (35) rotates, the first cutter swings back and forth to generate cutting motion, meanwhile, the X-axis servo motor (7) drives the X-axis part (9), the Y-axis servo motor (10) drives the Y-axis part (14), and the C-axis servo motor (20) drives the C-axis part (24), so that the first cutter (35) winds around the axis of the virtual gearLine is based on angular velocity->

Moving, namely forming a tight generating movement between the first cutter (35) and the gear blank (37) until generating machining of a pair of concave-convex gear surfaces is completed;

a62, after finishing generating and processing a pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces, the X-axis component (9) moves along the negative direction of the X-axis to retract the cutter, and the tooth blank (37) is indexed under the driving of the indexing mechanism (1) to prepare for processing the next pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces; after the tool withdrawal and indexing are completed, the machining action of A61 is repeated until all the concave-convex tooth surfaces are machined.

9. A machining method for a circular arc-shaped tooth trace cylindrical internal gear, which utilizes the machine tool of claim 6, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

b2, setting feeding and discharging parameters: the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis are linked with the feeding amount, and a tool setting point is preset; the virtual gear is a virtual gear meshed with the gear blank (37), the second cutter (48) is a tooth on the virtual gear, and the geometric center of the virtual gear

Located on the o-x axis, and->

The reference circle radius is the reference circle radius of the virtual gear, and o-xyz is a reference coordinate system; when in tool setting, the plane where the cutting edge of the second cutter (48) is positioned is required to be positioned on an o-xy plane, and the symmetrical plane of the second cutter (48) is positioned on a over-X/Y plane>

And on a certain plane perpendicular to the o-xy plane, and the inner edge tip of the second cutter (48) is contacted with the tooth blank (37) but not interfered;

b3, manually controlling the numerical control system; the X-axis part (9) is moved by controlling an X-axis servo motor (7), the Y-axis servo motor (10) is controlled to move a Y-axis part (14), and a Z-axis servo motor (17) is controlled to move a Z-axis part (19) so as to move a second cutter (48) to a safe position and provide a space for mounting a gear blank (37);

b4, mounting the gear blank (37); adjusting the three-jaw chuck (36) according to relevant parameters such as the size of the gear blank (37) and the like, so that the three-jaw chuck (36) can position and clamp the gear blank (37);

b5, starting a deflection cutting component; setting the reference circle radius of a virtual gear where a second cutter (48) is located and the rotating speed of an A-axis servo motor (47) to drive an A-axis part (45) to deflect in a reciprocating manner, so that the second cutter (48) on the A-axis part (45) deflects in the reciprocating manner to machine a gear blank (37);

b6, gear machining; the gear machining comprises the following steps:

b61, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to an X-axis servo motor (7), a Y-axis servo motor (10), a Z-axis servo motor (17) and a C-axis servo motor (20) to push corresponding shaft parts to move, and a second cutter (48) reaches a cutter setting point and starts cutting; in the cutting process, the symmetrical plane and the radius of the second cutter (48) are the radius of the cutter head all the time

Is tangent to ensure that the movement path of the second tool (48) forms a circular arc rack, wherein the radius is->

The center of the circle is positioned on the middle section of the gear blank (37); the plane of the cutting edge is coplanar with the plane of the middle section of the gear blank (37) at the initial position; />

The second tool (48) is located at the secondiWhen the cutter is in the single position, the intersection point of the plane where the cutting edge of the second cutter (48) is located and the radius circle of the cutter head reaches the middle section of the gear blankIs greater than or equal to>

The second tool (48) is located at the secondiIn individual positions, the angle of rotation of the shaft A (45) is adjusted>

And &>

The C-axis member (24) is moved when the second cutter (48) is at the ith positionyDirections andza direction movement distance; it should satisfy: />

=asin(/>

/R _c )，/>

=/>

，/>

=(1-cos/>

) R _c (ii) a During cutting, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to the X-axis servo motor (7), the Y-axis servo motor (10), the Z-axis servo motor (17), the C-axis servo motor (20), the A-axis servo motor (47) and the indexing mechanism (1) to drive the corresponding X-axis component (9), the Y-axis component (14), the Z-axis component (19), the C-axis component (24) and the A-axis component (45) to be linked with the tooth blank (37), so that the generating machining of a pair of tooth surfaces of the tooth blank (37) is realized; an o-xyz coordinate system is established,R _g for the reference circle radius of the blank, the virtual gear is a dummy gear meshing with the blank (37)To the gear, the reference circle of the virtual gear is tangent with the reference circle of the gear blank (37), the second cutter (48) is a gear tooth on the virtual gear, wfor processing the rotating speed of the gear blank (37), based on the comparison result>

The angular speed of the virtual gear is defined as A-A, the radius circle revolution axis of the cutter head of the second cutter (48) is defined as A-A, and B-B is the axis of the gear blank (37); during machining, the gear blank (37) is driven by the indexing mechanism (1) to rotate around the axis B-B at an angular speedwThe second cutter (48) swings back and forth to generate cutting motion, meanwhile, the X-axis servo motor (7) drives the X-axis part (9), the Y-axis servo motor (10) drives the Y-axis part (14), the Z-axis servo motor (17) drives the Z-axis part (19), the C-axis servo motor (20) drives the C-axis part (24), the A-axis servo motor (47) drives the A-axis part (45), and the second cutter (48) swings and simultaneously rotates around the axis of the virtual gear at the angular speed ^ or ^>

Moving, namely forming a tight generating movement between the second cutter (48) and the gear blank (37) until generating machining of a pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces is completed;

b62, after finishing generating and processing a pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces, the X-axis component (9) moves along the negative direction of the X-axis to retract the cutter, the gear blank (37) is driven by the indexing mechanism (1) to index to prepare for processing the next pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces, and after the cutter retraction and the indexing are finished, the processing action of B61 is repeated until all the concave-convex tooth surfaces are processed.

10. A machining method for a circular arc-shaped tooth trace cylindrical internal gear, which utilizes the machine tool of claim 7, characterized by comprising the steps of:

c2, setting feeding and discharging parameters: x-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis linkageFeeding, and presetting a tool setting point; the virtual gear is a virtual gear meshed with the gear blank (37), the third cutter (54) is a tooth on the virtual gear, and the geometric center of the virtual gear

On the o-x axis, in combination with a sun or sun screening device>

The reference circle radius is the reference circle radius of the virtual gear, and o-xyz is a reference coordinate system; when in tool setting, the plane where the cutting edge of the third cutter (54) is positioned is required to be positioned on an o-xy plane, and the symmetrical plane of the third cutter (54) is positioned on a over-X/Y plane>

And on a plane perpendicular to the o-xy plane, and the tip of the inner edge of the third tool (54) is in contact with the tooth blank (37) but does not interfere with the tooth blank;

c3, manually controlling the numerical control system; the X-axis part (9) is moved by controlling an X-axis servo motor (7), the Y-axis servo motor (10) is controlled to move a Y-axis part (14), and a Z-axis servo motor (17) is controlled to move a Z-axis part (19) so as to move a third cutter (54) to a safe position and provide a space for mounting a gear blank (37);

c4, mounting the gear blank (37); adjusting the three-jaw chuck (36) according to relevant parameters such as the size of the gear blank (37) and the like, so that the three-jaw chuck (36) can position and clamp the gear blank (37);

c5, starting a deflection cutting component; setting the reference circle radius of a virtual gear where the third cutter (54) is located and the rotating speed of a servo motor (53) to drive the rotating part (49) to deflect in a reciprocating manner, so that the third cutter (54) on the third cutter holder (50) deflects in a reciprocating manner to machine the gear blank (37);

c6, gear machining; the gear machining comprises the following steps:

c61, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to an X-axis servo motor (7), a Y-axis servo motor (10), a Z-axis servo motor (17) and a C-axis servo motor (20) to push corresponding shaft parts to move,the third cutter (54) reaches the tool setting point and starts to cut, and in the cutting process, the symmetrical surface and the radius of the third cutter (54) are the radius of the cutter head all the time

Is tangent to ensure that the movement locus of the third tool (54) forms a circular arc rack, wherein the radius is->

The circle is a cutterhead radius circle, the center of the circle is positioned on the middle section of the gear blank (37), the plane of the cutting edge is coplanar with the middle section plane of the gear blank (37) at the initial position, and the knife edge is positioned on the same plane as the middle section plane of the gear blank (37) and is used for selecting the knife or the knife>

Is the distance between the axis of the rotating shaft (51) and the cutting edge plane of the third cutter (54) and is used for selecting>

For the third tool (54) to be located atxThe distance between the intersection point of the plane of the cutting edge of the third cutter (54) and the radius circle of the cutter head and the section in the gear blank is greater or smaller than the preset value>

For the third tool (54) to be located atxThe angle of rotation of the rotating part (49) in each position is greater or less>

And &>

The third tool (54) is located atxIn the first position, the C-axis member (24) isyDirections andzthe direction moving distance should satisfy: />

=asin(/>

//>

)，/>

=L _A (cos/>

-1)+/>

sin/>

，/>

= L _A sin/>

+( sin/>

tan/>

– 1/cos/>

+1)/>

(ii) a During cutting, the numerical control system sends pulse signals to the X-axis servo motor (7), the Y-axis servo motor (10), the Z-axis servo motor (17), the C-axis servo motor (20), the servo motor (53) and the indexing mechanism (1) to drive the X-axis part (9), the Y-axis part (14), the Z-axis part (19), the C-axis part (24), the rotating part (49) and the tooth blank (37) to be linked, so that the generating processing of a pair of tooth surfaces of the tooth blank (37) is realized; establishing an o-xyz coordinate system, based on the location of the receiver in the receiver, and determining the location of the receiver in the receiver>

The reference circle radius of the gear blank is determined, the virtual gear is an imaginary gear meshed with the gear blank (37), the reference circle of the imaginary gear is tangent with the reference circle of the gear blank (37), and the third cutter (54) is a gear tooth on the virtual gear and is/is connected with the gear blank>

For processing the rotating speed of the gear blank>

Is the corner ofbase:Sub>A virtual gear, A-A is the rotation axis of the radius circle of the cutter head of the third cutter (54), B-B is the axis of the gear blank (37); during processing, the gear blank (37) is driven by the dividing mechanism (1) to rotate around the self axis B-B at an angular speed->

Rotating, the third cutter (54) swings to and fro to generate cutting motion, meanwhile, the X-axis servo motor (7) drives the X-axis part (9), the Y-axis servo motor (10) drives the Y-axis part (14), the Z-axis servo motor (17) drives the Z-axis part (19), the C-axis servo motor (20) drives the C-axis part (24), the servo motor (53) drives the rotating part (49), and the third cutter (54) swings and simultaneously rotates around the axis of the virtual gear at the angular speed ^ or>

Moving, namely forming a tight generating movement between the third cutter (54) and the tooth blank (37) until generating machining of a pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces is completed;

c62, after finishing generating and processing a pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces, the X-axis component (9) moves along the negative direction of the X-axis to retract the cutter, the gear blank (37) is driven by the indexing mechanism (1) to index to prepare for processing the next pair of concave-convex tooth surfaces, and after the cutter retraction and the indexing are finished, the processing action of the C61 is repeated until all the concave-convex tooth surfaces are processed.