CN115882238A - Antenna array and radar - Google Patents
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- CN115882238A CN115882238A CN202111153187.5A CN202111153187A CN115882238A CN 115882238 A CN115882238 A CN 115882238A CN 202111153187 A CN202111153187 A CN 202111153187A CN 115882238 A CN115882238 A CN 115882238A
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application discloses an antenna array and a radar, and belongs to the field of antenna design. The antenna array comprises a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna array, the transmitting antenna array comprises a first array and a second array which are parallel, the receiving antenna array comprises a third array and a fourth array which are parallel, the first array and the second array are arranged along a first direction, the first antenna of the first array and the second antenna of the second array are aligned in the second direction, the minimum distance between the first array and the second array in the second direction is larger than the sum of the sizes of the first array and the second array in the second direction, the third array and the fourth array are arranged along a third direction, the third antenna of the third array and the fourth antenna of the fourth array are aligned in the fourth direction, and the minimum distance between the third array and the fourth array in the fourth direction is larger than the sum of the sizes of the third array and the fourth array in the fourth direction. The embodiment of the application solves the problem that the measurement angle is fuzzy when the distance between the antennas is larger than half wavelength.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the field of antenna design, in particular to an antenna array and a radar.
Background
The antenna array refers to an array formed by arranging two or more antennas working at the same frequency according to a certain arrangement mode.
The related art proposes an antenna array which is a square antenna array, that is, the antenna array comprises four arrays, namely an upper array, a lower array, a left array, a right array, a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna array. And the four arrays are equally spaced arrays, and the spacing between every two adjacent antennas is an integral multiple of a half wavelength and is greater than the half wavelength. The four arrays may also be shifted counterclockwise about the center point during the acquisition of data to stagger or skew the four arrays to form a new antenna array.
However, in the case that the distance between every two adjacent antennas is greater than a half wavelength, a problem of measurement angle ambiguity occurs, so that the accuracy of data detection by the antenna array is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides an antenna array and a radar, and can solve the problem of fuzzy measurement angle when the distance between antennas in an equidistant array is larger than half wavelength in the related art. The technical scheme is as follows:
in one aspect, an antenna array is provided, where the antenna array includes a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna array, the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array are located in the same plane, the transmitting antenna array includes a first array and a second array that are parallel to each other, the receiving antenna array includes a third array and a fourth array that are parallel to each other, and at least one of the first array, the second array, the third array, and the fourth array is a sparse array;
the antennas in the first array and the second array are arranged along a first direction, the first antenna included in the first array and the second antenna included in the second array are aligned in position in a second direction, the first antenna and the second antenna are the first antenna or the last antenna in the array, the minimum distance between the first array and the second array in the second direction is larger than the sum of the sizes of the antennas in the first array and the antennas in the second array in the second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other;
the antennas in the third array and the fourth array are all arranged along a third direction, the positions of the third antenna included in the third array and the fourth antenna included in the fourth array in a fourth direction are aligned, the third antenna and the fourth antenna are the first antenna or the last antenna in the array to which the third antenna and the fourth antenna belong, the minimum distance between the third array and the fourth array in the fourth direction is larger than the sum of the sizes of the antennas in the third array and the antennas in the fourth array in the fourth direction, the third direction and the fourth direction are perpendicular to each other, and the included angle between the first direction and the third direction is larger than 45 degrees.
Optionally, a maximum distance between the third array and the fourth array in the fourth direction is not greater than a first distance, the first distance being a sum of a first maximum continuous length, a second maximum continuous length and a half wavelength, the first maximum continuous length being a maximum continuous length of the first array, the second maximum continuous length being a maximum continuous length of the second array.
Optionally, a maximum distance between the first array and the second array in the second direction is no greater than a second distance, the second distance being a sum of a third maximum continuous length, a fourth maximum continuous length and a half wavelength, the third maximum continuous length being a maximum continuous length of the third array, the fourth maximum continuous length being a maximum continuous length of the fourth array.
Optionally, an included angle between the first direction and the third direction is 90 degrees.
Optionally, the first array includes a number of antennas equal to a number of antennas included in the second array, and the third array includes a number of antennas equal to a number of antennas included in the fourth array.
Optionally, the antennas included in the first array are arranged in the same manner as the antennas included in the second array, and the antennas included in the third array are arranged in the same manner as the antennas included in the fourth array.
Optionally, the first array and the second array are located between the third array and the fourth array.
Optionally, in the third direction, the first array and the second array are located on the same side of the third array as the fourth array.
Optionally, in the fourth direction, the first array and the second array are on the same side of the third array as the fourth array.
Optionally, for any one of the first array, the second array, the third array and the fourth array, the arrangement of the any one array is one or a combination of a linear type, a zigzag type and an oblique type.
In another aspect, there is provided a radar comprising an antenna array as described in any one of the above.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application can at least bring the following beneficial effects:
since the transmitting antenna array comprises a first array and a second array which are parallel to each other, the first antenna comprised by the first array and the second antenna comprised by the second array are aligned in position in the second direction, and the first antenna and the second antenna are the first antenna or the last antenna in the array. The minimum distance between the first array and the second array in the second direction is larger than the sum of the sizes of the antennas in the first array and the antennas in the second array in the second direction, and the receiving antenna array comprises a third array and a fourth array which are parallel to each other, the third array comprises a third antenna and the fourth array comprises a fourth antenna which are aligned in position in the fourth direction, and the third antenna and the fourth antenna are the first antenna or the last antenna in the array. The minimum distance between the third array and the fourth array in the fourth direction is greater than the sum of the sizes of the antennas in the third array and the antennas in the fourth array in the fourth direction. Therefore, after the four arrays are arranged in the manner, the differential array of the virtual array formed by the four arrays meets the requirement of continuous arrangement of the array elements, namely, the distance between every two adjacent antennas is half wavelength, so that the problem of angle measurement ambiguity generated when the distance between the antennas in the equidistant array is greater than half wavelength is solved, and the accuracy of data detection can be improved when the antenna array is used for data detection.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a radar provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array arrangement according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array arrangement method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna array provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-transmit-four-receive antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array with transmit and receive functions according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a virtual array according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another virtual array provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a differential array of a virtual array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a differential array of another virtual array provided in this application.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Radars are electronic devices that detect target objects using electromagnetic waves. As shown in fig. 1, the basic structure of the radar includes: the system comprises a transmitter, a transmitting antenna array, a receiver, a receiving antenna array and a processing unit, and certainly, the system can also comprise auxiliary modules such as a display, a power supply module, a data recording module and an anti-interference module.
The basic working principle is as follows: a transmitter of the radar apparatus transmits an electromagnetic wave signal in a certain direction of a space through a transmitting antenna array, a target object (for example, an object) in the direction reflects the electromagnetic wave signal, and a signal obtained by reflecting the electromagnetic wave signal may be referred to as an echo signal. The receiving antenna array may receive an echo signal of the electromagnetic wave signal, and transmit the echo signal to the processing unit through the receiver, and the processing unit extracts some information about the target object (e.g., a distance between the target object and the radar, a speed, an azimuth, an altitude, etc. of the target object relative to the radar).
More specifically, the transmitter, also referred to as a radio frequency transmitter, is used to generate radio frequency electrical signals and transmit the radio frequency electrical signals to the transmit antenna array. The transmitting antenna array is used for converting the radio-frequency electric signals transmitted by the transmitter into electromagnetic wave signals and then transmitting the electromagnetic wave signals. The receiving antenna array is used for receiving echo signals of the electromagnetic wave signals, converting the received echo signals into radio frequency electric signals and then transmitting the radio frequency electric signals to the receiver. The receiver is used for converting the radio-frequency electric signals transmitted by the receiving antenna array into digital signals and transmitting the digital signals to the processing unit. The processing unit is used for determining detection data of the target object, such as the distance between the target object and the radar, the speed, the azimuth, the height and the like of the target object relative to the radar, based on the electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by the transmitting antenna array and the digital signals transmitted by the receiver.
The transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array provided by the embodiment of the application are located in the same plane, the transmitting antenna array comprises a first array and a second array which are parallel to each other, the receiving antenna array comprises a third array and a fourth array which are parallel to each other, and at least one of the first array, the second array, the third array and the fourth array is a sparse array. The antennas in the first array and the second array are all arranged along a first direction, the first antenna included in the first array and the second antenna included in the second array are aligned in position in a second direction, the first antenna and the second antenna are the first antenna or the last antenna in the array, the minimum distance between the first array and the second array in the second direction is larger than the sum of the sizes of the antennas in the first array and the antennas in the second array in the second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other. The antennas in the third array and the fourth array are all arranged along a third direction, the third antenna included in the third array and the fourth antenna included in the fourth array are aligned in position in a fourth direction, the third antenna and the fourth antenna are the first antenna or the last antenna in the array to which the third antenna and the fourth antenna belong, the minimum distance between the third array and the fourth array in the fourth direction is larger than the sum of the sizes of the antennas in the third array and the antennas in the fourth array in the fourth direction, the third direction and the fourth direction are perpendicular to each other, and the included angle between the first direction and the third direction is larger than 45 degrees.
In order to reduce the complexity of the antenna array and save the cost and resources for manufacturing the antenna array, in the embodiment of the present application, at least one of the first array, the second array, the third array and the fourth array is a sparse array. In this way, a larger antenna aperture can be achieved using fewer antennas. The antenna aperture refers to the largest spacing among the spacings between every two antennas in the antenna array.
The sparse array refers to an antenna array determined by a sparse array technology, and the distance between two adjacent antennas in the antenna array is unequal. That is, the sparse array means that the antenna array is not arranged in a traditional uniform manner, but array elements are reserved or removed at the positions of the array elements of the uniform full array according to a certain rule to form sparse unequal distance arrangement. In other words, the sparse array technique means that a large antenna aperture is achieved by arranging a small number of antennas with unequal pitches. An antenna array obtained by the sparse array technique is called a sparse array.
For example, as shown in fig. 2, an X-axis coordinate system is established, where an origin of the X-axis coordinate system is a position of a first antenna in the antenna array, and a direction of the X-axis coordinate system is an arrangement direction of the antenna array. Since the distance between two antennas is usually an integer multiple of λ/2, and λ is a wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating center frequency, for convenience of description, the value of the X coordinate axis in fig. 2 is represented by λ/2 as a unit, that is, the actual physical position corresponding to the position marked as 1 on the coordinate axis is λ/2, and the actual physical position corresponding to the position marked as 2 on the coordinate axis is 2 × λ/2. Therefore, the position of each antenna in the antenna array determined by the sparse array technique is identified as (0, 1,4, 6), the spacing between any two antennas is (1, 2,3,4,5, 6), and the antenna aperture of the four antennas is 6, that is, the antenna aperture of six equally spaced arrays can be realized by using the sparse array of four antennas.
The sparse array arrangement mode may include multiple modes, for example, a minimum redundancy arrangement mode and a generalized redundancy arrangement mode. The antenna array obtained according to the minimum redundancy arrangement mode is called a minimum redundancy array, and the antenna array obtained according to the generalized redundancy arrangement mode is called a generalized redundancy array. The embodiment of the application does not limit the arrangement mode of the sparse array.
The first direction may be any direction in the plane, and the third direction may also be any direction in the plane, that is, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the relationship between the first direction and the third direction, as long as the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to the fourth direction.
Wherein, the included angle between the first direction and the third direction is more than 45 degrees. As an example, the angle between the first direction and the third direction is 90 degrees. For example, the first direction is a horizontal direction, and the second direction is a vertical direction. Alternatively, the first direction is a vertical direction and the second direction is a horizontal direction.
The first antenna included in the first array is the first antenna in the first array, and the second antenna included in the second array is the first antenna in the second array. Alternatively, the first array includes a first antenna that is the last antenna in the first array, and the second array includes a second antenna that is the last antenna in the second array. That is, the first antenna in the first array and the first antenna in the second array are aligned in position in the second direction, or the last antenna in the first array and the last antenna in the second array are aligned in position in the second direction.
Of course, the first antenna in the first array and the first antenna in the second array are aligned in position in the second direction, and the last antenna in the first array and the last antenna in the second array are aligned in position in the second direction.
Similarly, the third antenna included in the third array is the first antenna in the third array, and the fourth antenna included in the fourth array is the first antenna in the fourth array. Alternatively, the third array includes a third antenna that is a last antenna in the third array, and the fourth array includes a fourth antenna that is a last antenna in the fourth array. That is, the first antenna in the third array and the first antenna in the fourth array are aligned in position in the fourth direction, or the last antenna in the third array and the last antenna in the fourth array are aligned in position in the fourth direction.
Of course, the first antenna in the third array and the first antenna in the fourth array are aligned in position in the fourth direction, and the last antenna in the third array and the last antenna in the fourth array are aligned in position in the fourth direction.
The first antenna in the first array is the antenna with the smallest coordinate in the first direction in the first array, and the last antenna in the first array is the antenna with the largest coordinate in the first direction in the first array. Similarly, the first antenna in the second array is the antenna with the minimum coordinate in the first direction in the second array, and the last antenna in the second array is the antenna with the maximum coordinate in the first direction in the second array. The first antenna in the third array is the antenna with the smallest coordinate in the third direction in the third array, and the last antenna in the third array is the antenna with the largest coordinate in the third direction in the third array. The first antenna in the fourth array is the antenna in the fourth array with the smallest coordinate in the third direction, and the last antenna in the fourth array is the antenna in the fourth array with the largest coordinate in the third direction.
The size of the antennas in the first array in the second direction may be characterized by the number of antennas in the first array in the second direction. Similarly, the size of the antennas in the second array in the second direction may be characterized by the number of antennas in the second array in the second direction. The size of the antennas in the third array in the fourth direction may be characterized by the number of antennas in the third array in the fourth direction, and the size of the antennas in the fourth array in the fourth direction may be characterized by the number of antennas in the fourth array in the fourth direction.
For example, as shown in fig. 3, the first direction is a vertical direction, the second direction is a horizontal direction, the third direction is a horizontal direction, and the fourth direction is a vertical direction. In fig. 3, a indicates an antenna in the first array, Δ indicates an antenna in the second array, + indicates an antenna in the third array, and x indicates an antenna in the fourth array. Also, the values of the coordinate axes in fig. 3 are also characterized in units of λ/2. Thus, each antenna in the first array has a horizontal position coordinate of (0, 1,0, 1) × 2, a vertical position coordinate of (3, 4,9, 12, 14, 16) × 2, each antenna in the second array has a horizontal position coordinate of (46, 47, 46, 47, 46, 47) × 2, and a vertical position coordinate of (3, 4,9, 12, 14, 16) × 2. The first antenna in the first array and the first antenna in the second array, and the last antenna in the first array and the last antenna in the second array are all equal in position in the vertical direction, the first antenna position is 3 x lambda/2, and the last antenna position is 16 x lambda/2. The minimum distance between the first array and the second array in the horizontal direction is 46 lambda/2, the size of the antenna in the first array and the size of the antenna in the second array in the horizontal direction are both 2 lambda/2, and the minimum distance 46 lambda/2 between the first array and the second array in the horizontal direction is larger than the sum of the sizes of the antenna in the first array and the antenna in the second array in the horizontal direction and is 4 lambda/2.
Similarly, each antenna in the third array has a horizontal position coordinate of (0, 1,4, 10, 16, 18, 21, 23) × λ/2, a vertical position coordinate of (0, 0) × λ/2, each antenna in the fourth array has a horizontal position coordinate of (0, 1,4, 10, 16, 18, 21, 23) ×/2, a vertical position coordinate of (27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27) × λ/2, the first antenna in the third array and the first antenna in the fourth array, and the last antenna in the third array and the last antenna in the fourth array are all equal in position in the horizontal direction, and the first antenna is 0 × λ/2 and the last antenna is 23 ×/2. The minimum distance between the third array and the fourth array in the vertical direction is 27 x lambda/2, the size of the antenna in the third array and the size of the antenna in the fourth array in the vertical direction are both 1 x lambda/2, and the minimum distance between the third array and the fourth array in the vertical direction is 27 x lambda/2 which is larger than the sum of the sizes of the antenna in the third array and the antenna in the fourth array in the vertical direction and is 2 x lambda/2.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, for any one of the first array, the second array, the third array, and the fourth array, the arrangement of the any one array is one or a combination of more of a linear type, a zigzag type, and an oblique type. For example, as shown in fig. 4, the arrangement of the antenna array may include a linear arrangement shown in (a) of fig. 4, (b) a zigzag arrangement shown in (c), and (d) a combination of zigzag and diagonal arrangements shown in (c).
Optionally, the maximum distance between the first array and the second array in the second direction is not greater than a first distance, the first distance being a sum of a first maximum continuous length, a second maximum continuous length and a half wavelength, the first maximum continuous length being a maximum continuous length of the third array, the second maximum continuous length being a maximum continuous length of the fourth array.
Optionally, a maximum distance between the third array and the fourth array in the fourth direction is not greater than a second distance, the second distance being a sum of a third maximum continuous length, the fourth maximum continuous length and a half wavelength, the third maximum continuous length being a maximum continuous length of the first array, the fourth maximum continuous length being a maximum continuous length of the second array.
It should be noted that the maximum continuous length of the antenna array is the maximum value in the first continuous digital string after the distances between every two antennas in the antenna array are arranged in the order from small to large. That is, the distance between every two antennas in the antenna array is determined, the distances between every two antennas are formed into an array according to the sequence from small to large, and when the numbers in the array are continuously and uniformly distributed, the maximum value in the array is taken as the maximum continuous length. When two digital strings which are not continuously and uniformly distributed appear in the array, taking the maximum value of the first continuous and uniformly distributed digital string as the maximum continuous length.
For example, as shown in fig. 3, the distance between every two antennas in the first array is (1, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10, 11, 12, 13) × λ/2 in order from small to large, and then the maximum continuous length of the first array is 13 × λ/2. Similarly, the maximum continuous length of the second array is 13 x λ/2, the maximum continuous length of the third array is 23 x λ/2, and the maximum continuous length of the fourth array is 23 x λ/2.
The maximum distance in the horizontal direction between the first array and the second array is 46 x lambda/2, and the maximum distance in the horizontal direction between the first array and the second array is 46 x lambda/2 which is not more than the sum of the maximum continuous length and the half wavelength of the third array and the fourth array 47 x lambda/2. The maximum distance between the third array and the fourth array in the vertical direction is 27 x lambda/2, and the maximum distance between the third array and the fourth array in the vertical direction is 27 x lambda/2 which is not more than the sum of the maximum continuous length and the half wavelength of the first array and the second array 27 x lambda/2.
It should be noted that the number of the antennas included in the first array may be equal to or different from the number of the antennas included in the second array, and only the first antennas included in the first array need to be aligned with the second antennas included in the second array in the second direction. The number of the antennas included in the third array may be equal to or different from the number of the antennas included in the fourth array, and only the third antenna included in the third array and the fourth antenna included in the fourth array need to be aligned in position in the fourth direction.
For example, as shown in fig. 5, the number of antennas of the transmit antenna array is 11, the number of antennas of the receive antenna array is 16, in the transmit antenna array, the number of antennas of the first array is 6, the number of antennas of the second array is 5, and in the receive antenna array, the number of antennas of the third array and the fourth array is 8.
The horizontal position coordinates of each antenna in the first array are (0, 1,2,0,1, 2) × λ/2, the vertical position coordinates are (0, 6,7,9, 11, 19) × λ/2, the horizontal position coordinates of each antenna in the second array are (49, 48, 47, 49, 48) × λ/2, and the vertical position coordinates are (0, 6,7,9, 11) × λ/2. The first antenna in the first array and the first antenna in the second array are positioned in the same position in the vertical direction and are 0 x λ/2. The maximum continuous length of the first array is 13 x λ/2 and the maximum continuous length of the second array is 7 x λ/2.
Similarly, each antenna in the third array has horizontal position coordinates of (-40, -32, -22, -21, -18, -16, -9, -1) λ/2, vertical position coordinates of (0, 0) λ/2, each antenna in the fourth array has horizontal position coordinates of (-40, -32, -22, -21, -18, -16, -9, -1) λ/2, vertical position coordinates of (21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21) λ/2, the first antenna in the third array and the first antenna in the fourth array, and the last antenna in the third array and the last antenna in the fourth array are all located at the same position in the horizontal direction, and the first antenna is-40 λ/2. The third array has a maximum continuous length of 24 x λ/2 and the fourth array has a maximum continuous length of 24 x λ/2.
The maximum distance between the first array and the second array in the horizontal direction is 49 x lambda/2, and the maximum distance 49 x lambda/2 between the first array and the second array in the horizontal direction is not more than 49 x lambda/2 of the sum of the maximum continuous length and the half wavelength of the third array and the fourth array. The maximum distance between the third array and the fourth array in the vertical direction is 21 x lambda/2, and the maximum distance between the third array and the fourth array in the vertical direction 21 x lambda/2 is not more than the sum of the maximum continuous length and the half wavelength of the first array and the second array 21 x lambda/2.
In addition, the arrangement mode of each antenna included in the first array and the arrangement mode of each antenna included in the second array may be the same or different. The arrangement of each antenna included in the third array may be the same as or different from the arrangement of each antenna included in the fourth array.
To simplify the design of the antenna array, the first array may comprise the same number of antennas as the second array, and the third array may comprise the same number of antennas as the fourth array. Similarly, the arrangement of each antenna included in the first array may be the same as the arrangement of each antenna included in the second array, and the arrangement of each antenna included in the third array may be the same as the arrangement of each antenna included in the fourth array.
In the embodiment of the present application, there is a position constraint relationship between the first array and the second array, and a position constraint relationship between the third array and the fourth array, but there is no position constraint relationship between the whole of the first array and the second array and the whole of the third array and the fourth array, that is, there is no position constraint relationship between the transmit antenna array and the receive antenna array.
As an example, the first and second arrays are located between the third and fourth arrays, and the first and second arrays may be located anywhere between the third and fourth arrays. Alternatively, the third array and the fourth array are located between the first array and the second array, and the third array and the fourth array may be located at any position between the first array and the second array.
For example, as shown in fig. 3, the first array and the second array are located between the third array and the fourth array, the first array is close to the first antenna in the third array and the fourth array, and the second array is close to the last antenna in the third array and the fourth array.
As another example, in the third direction, the first array and the second array are on the same side of the third array and the fourth array. For example, as shown in fig. 5, the third direction is a horizontal direction, and the first array and the second array are located at the right of the third array and the fourth array. Of course, the first array and the second array may be located at the left of the third array and the fourth array.
As another example, in the fourth direction, the first array and the second array are on the same side of the third array and the fourth array. For example, as shown in fig. 6, the fourth direction is a vertical direction, the first array and the second array are located below the third array and the fourth array, and the transmit antenna array and the receive antenna array are completely separated. Of course, the first array and the second array may be located above the third array and the fourth array.
In this embodiment, since the transmit antenna array includes a first array and a second array that are parallel to each other, a first antenna included in the first array and a second antenna included in the second array are aligned in position in the second direction, and the first antenna and the second antenna are the first antenna or the last antenna in the array. The minimum distance between the first array and the second array in the second direction is larger than the sum of the sizes of the antennas in the first array and the antennas in the second array in the second direction, and the receiving antenna array comprises a third array and a fourth array which are parallel to each other, the third array comprises the third antennas and the fourth array comprises the fourth arrays which are aligned in position in the fourth direction, and the third antennas and the fourth antennas are the first antennas or the last antennas in the arrays. The minimum distance between the third array and the fourth array in the fourth direction is greater than the sum of the sizes of the antennas in the third array and the antennas in the fourth array in the fourth direction. Therefore, after the four arrays are arranged in the manner, the differential array of the virtual array formed by the four arrays meets the requirement of continuous arrangement of the array elements, namely, the distance between every two adjacent antennas is half wavelength, so that the problem of angle measurement ambiguity generated when the distance between the antennas in the equidistant array is greater than half wavelength is solved, and the accuracy of data detection can be improved when the antenna array is used for data detection.
For ease of understanding, the virtual array and the differential array will be described first. The virtual array element technology refers to the utilization of the distance difference between a plurality of transmitting antennas to realize a larger antenna aperture. The antenna array obtained by the virtual array element technique is called a virtual array.
For example, as shown in fig. 7, in a dual-transmit four-receive antenna array, the transmit antennas are indicated by o, and the receive antennas are indicated by x. Assuming that the array position identification of the transmitting antenna can be represented as (0, 4), the array position identification of the receiving antenna can be represented as (0, 1,2, 3). The four receiving antennas respectively receive echo signals of the signals transmitted by the two transmitting antennas to form a virtual array, and the virtual array is formed by eight virtual receiving antennas. That is, the four receiving antennas are equivalent to virtual eight receiving antennas by the distance difference between the two transmitting antennas.
The specific implementation process is as follows: the forming process of the virtual array is specifically described by taking the receiving antenna with the array position mark of 0 as an example. The two transmitting antennas sequentially transmit signals according to the sequence, the receiving antenna with the array arrangement position mark of 0 receives the echo signal of the transmitting antenna transmitting signal with the array arrangement position mark of 0, and the array arrangement position mark of the receiving antenna in the formed virtual array is 0. The receiving antenna with the deployment position mark of 0 receives the echo signal of the transmitting antenna transmitting signal with the deployment position mark of 4, and the deployment position mark of the receiving antenna in the formed virtual array is 4. Therefore, the arrangement position identifier of the receiving antenna in the virtual array formed by the four receiving antennas respectively receiving the two transmitting antennas can be represented as (0, 1,2,3,4,5,6, 7), and the spacing identifier between every two receiving antennas in the virtual array can be represented as (1, 2,3,4,5,6, 7). As shown in fig. 8, for an antenna array with eight antennas, the transmit antennas are indicated by o and the receive antennas are indicated by x. The array position identifier of the transmitting antenna can be represented as (0), the array position identifier of the receiving antenna can be represented as (0, 1,2,3,4,5,6, 7), and the spacing identifier between every two receiving antennas can be represented as (1, 2,3,4,5,6, 7). I.e., the virtual array for dual transmit four receive and the virtual array for transmit eight receive have the same antenna aperture.
The differential array refers to an array obtained by disposing antennas at the position of the spacing between every two adjacent antennas in the antenna array, for example, assuming that the position identifier of each antenna in the antenna array can be represented as (0, 1,4, 6), the position identifier of each antenna in the differential array of this array can be represented as (1, 2,3,4,5, 6). The differential array of the virtual array in the embodiment of the present application refers to an array obtained by disposing antennas at positions of the pitch between every two adjacent virtual antennas in the virtual array.
For example, the virtual array formed by the antenna array shown in fig. 3 is shown in fig. 9. The virtual array formed by the antenna array shown in fig. 5 is shown in fig. 10. The differential array of the virtual array shown in fig. 9 is shown in fig. 11. A differential array of the virtual array shown in fig. 10 is shown in fig. 12. Therefore, the differential array of the virtual array formed by the antenna array provided by the embodiment of the application is continuous and uninterrupted in the plane, that is, the distance between every two adjacent antennas in the differential array of the virtual array formed by the antenna array is equal to half wavelength, so that the problem of measurement angle ambiguity caused by the fact that the distance between the antennas in the equidistant array is greater than half wavelength is solved.
It is to be understood that reference herein to "at least one" means one or more and "a plurality" means two or more. In addition, in order to facilitate clear description of technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, in the embodiments of the present application, words such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish identical items or similar items with substantially identical functions and actions. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the terms "first," "second," etc. do not denote any order or quantity, nor do the terms "first," "second," etc. denote any order or importance.
The above-mentioned embodiments are provided by way of example and should not be construed as limiting the present application, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (11)
1. An antenna array, comprising a transmitting antenna array and a receiving antenna array, wherein the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array are located in the same plane, the transmitting antenna array comprises a first array and a second array which are parallel to each other, the receiving antenna array comprises a third array and a fourth array which are parallel to each other, and at least one of the first array, the second array, the third array and the fourth array is a sparse array;
the antennas in the first array and the second array are arranged along a first direction, the first antenna included in the first array and the second antenna included in the second array are aligned in position in a second direction, the first antenna and the second antenna are the first antenna or the last antenna in the array, the minimum distance between the first array and the second array in the second direction is larger than the sum of the sizes of the antennas in the first array and the antennas in the second array in the second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other;
the antennas in the third array and the fourth array are all arranged along a third direction, the third antenna included in the third array and the fourth antenna included in the fourth array are aligned in position in a fourth direction, the third antenna and the fourth antenna are the first antenna or the last antenna in the array to which the third antenna and the fourth antenna belong, the minimum distance between the third array and the fourth array in the fourth direction is greater than the sum of the sizes of the antennas in the third array and the antennas in the fourth array in the fourth direction, the third direction and the fourth direction are perpendicular to each other, and the included angle between the first direction and the third direction is greater than 45 degrees.
2. An antenna array according to claim 1 wherein the maximum distance in the fourth direction between the third array and the fourth array is no greater than a first distance, the first distance being the sum of a first maximum continuous length, a second maximum continuous length and a half wavelength, the first maximum continuous length being the maximum continuous length of the first array and the second maximum continuous length being the maximum continuous length of the second array.
3. An antenna array according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the maximum distance between the first and second arrays in the second direction is no greater than a second distance which is the sum of a third maximum continuous length which is the maximum continuous length of the third array and a fourth maximum continuous length which is the maximum continuous length of the fourth array and a half wavelength.
4. An antenna array according to claim 1 wherein the angle between the first direction and the third direction is 90 degrees.
5. An antenna array according to claim 1 wherein the first array comprises a number of antennas equal to the number of antennas comprised by the second array and the third array comprises a number of antennas equal to the number of antennas comprised by the fourth array.
6. An antenna array according to claim 5 wherein the first array comprises antennas arranged in the same manner as the second array comprises antennas and the third array comprises antennas arranged in the same manner as the fourth array comprises antennas.
7. An antenna array according to claim 1 wherein the first and second arrays are located between the third and fourth arrays.
8. An antenna array according to claim 1 wherein in the third direction the first array and the second array are on the same side of the third array and the fourth array.
9. An antenna array according to claim 1 wherein in the fourth direction the first array and the second array are on the same side of the third array and the fourth array.
10. An antenna array according to claim 1 wherein for any one of the first, second, third and fourth arrays, the arrangement of the any one array is a combination of one or more of a linear, a zigzag and an oblique line.
11. A radar comprising an antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
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| CN202111153187.5A CN115882238A (en) | 2021-09-29 | 2021-09-29 | Antenna array and radar |
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