CN110659712A - Chipless RFID (radio frequency identification) tag based on four-state coupling line resonator and optimization system thereof - Google Patents

Chipless RFID (radio frequency identification) tag based on four-state coupling line resonator and optimization system thereof Download PDF

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CN110659712A
CN110659712A CN201910802304.2A CN201910802304A CN110659712A CN 110659712 A CN110659712 A CN 110659712A CN 201910802304 A CN201910802304 A CN 201910802304A CN 110659712 A CN110659712 A CN 110659712A
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resonator
line
metal strip
vertical arm
arm
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CN110659712B (en
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于银辉
郑毅超
李清华
牟劲龙
任嘉鹏
杨莹
潘昊
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Yancheng nongchihui Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Jilin University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/0772—Physical layout of the record carrier
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K17/00—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
    • G06K17/0022—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device
    • G06K17/0029—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device the arrangement being specially adapted for wireless interrogation of grouped or bundled articles tagged with wireless record carriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/07773—Antenna details

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Abstract

The invention discloses an optimization system of a chipless RFID (radio frequency identification) tag, which comprises: the RFID system comprises an RFID label, a reader-writer and a back-end server; the reader-writer is used for reading the RFID label and transmitting data to the back-end server in a wireless or wired mode; the back-end server is used for finishing data processing and automatic intelligent control; the RFID tag comprises a patch antenna and the multi-resonator model, wherein the multi-resonator model comprises more than one four-state coupling line resonator, and the resonators comprise four states which are respectively encoded. The chipless RFID tag provided by the invention has the advantages of optimal bandwidth, high efficiency and accuracy in identification, good expandability, wide identification range, direction independence and the like, and effectively improves the overall performance of a chipless RFID tag system.

Description

Chipless RFID (radio frequency identification) tag based on four-state coupling line resonator and optimization system thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Internet of things, in particular to a chipless RFID tag based on a four-state coupling line resonator and an optimization system thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of information technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes one of the core technologies of the current new-generation technical revolution. The internet of things era is being integrated into various social fields, and the internet of things era, big data, artificial intelligence and the like are hot fields of current social research, and the mutual integration of the big data, the artificial intelligence and the like is the core content of the future wireless communication field. Meanwhile, the method relates to a plurality of industrial chains, and as the year is 2018, the connection number of the Internet of things equipment in China is up to 16 hundred million, and is expected to exceed 70 hundred million by 2020. The exponential growth of the Internet of things equipment shows the great development space and scientific research significance of the Internet of things equipment. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a core technology of the internet of things technology, and is a technology for detecting and identifying a target by performing information interaction in a wireless channel by using an electromagnetic signal.
Up to now, RFID tags used in the commercial field are almost all chip-based, and have a low occupancy rate with respect to bar codes, and although conventional LF, HF and UHF RFID tags are excellent, they are limited in high-density cost-effective applications due to the presence of silicon microchips. But because of the greater opportunity for chipless wireless radio frequency tags to reduce cost, it is generally expected that market demand will surge as the cost of RFID tags is reduced to acceptable levels (less than $ 0.01 per tag).
Domestic and foreign research on coreless tag detection technology can be divided into three categories, which are based on a Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR), a Frequency Domain Approach (FDA) and a Complex Frequency Domain Approach (CFDA). In time domain based systems, an RFID reader interrogates tags by a series of short pulses. The tag then receives the interrogation pulse and then retransmits the response signal as a series of echoes with some time delay. The presence or absence of an echo and its position along the time axis are used to read out the tag ID. Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) chipless RFID tags are currently the most popular and commercialized time-domain based chipless tags. However, it is difficult to widely spread the materials because of high material cost and complicated manufacturing process. In a frequency domain based chipless RFID system, the data transmission rate is determined by SEM theory: the temporal transient scattering response of a target illuminated by an electromagnetic pulse can be divided into an early response and a late response. The reader interrogates the tags using an Electromagnetic (EM) waveform, and the tags then re-respond (or backscatter) to the RFID reader. For the tags constructed based on CFDA, different tag structures correspond to different complex resonance frequencies (also called poles), and the extraction of the echo signal poles realizes tag ID retrieval. The tags are completely based on resonance due to different structures, do not have transmitting and receiving antennas, and completely encode by using the complex resonance frequency of a scatterer. Mixed domain technology requires very high spectral bandwidth and the resulting configuration is difficult to match with low cost readers in this case.
In frequency domain chipless RFID systems, there are two different types of tags: based on backscattering and on retransmissions. In backscatter technology, the tag contains only the resonant element and no separate antenna is required. Further advantages of this technique include small tag size and legibility. However, adding more bits introduces coupling and affects the resonant frequency of other cells, and may require more calibration to overcome this effect.
Therefore, how to design a chipless RFID tag with low cost, small size and wide identification range is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a novel chipless RFID tag based on a four-state coupled line resonator and an optimization system thereof, aiming at the problems that the current RFID has high cost and is difficult to achieve size reduction while achieving enhancement of the identification range, optimal bandwidth, expandability and cost reduction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a four-state coupled line resonator comprising: the microstrip transmission line comprises a first horizontal arm, a second horizontal arm, a first vertical arm, a second vertical arm, a coupling line and a microstrip transmission line;
the first horizontal arm and the coupling line are equal in length and are arranged in parallel, the second horizontal arm is arranged between the first horizontal arm and the coupling line in parallel, and the coupling line is arranged between the second horizontal arm and the microstrip transmission line in parallel;
the first vertical arm and the second vertical arm are positioned on the same straight line and are vertically arranged on one side of the first horizontal arm and one side of the coupling line, the upper end part of the first vertical arm is connected with the right end part of the first horizontal arm, and the lower end part of the second vertical arm is connected with the right end part of the coupling line; the code is 00.
Preferably, the device further comprises a first metal strip, the first metal strip is horizontally arranged, and the second horizontal arm is connected with the second vertical arm through the first metal strip; the code is 01.
Preferably, the device further comprises a second metal strip, wherein the second metal strip is vertically arranged and connects the first vertical arm with the second vertical arm; the code is 10.
Preferably, the device further comprises a third metal strip and a fourth metal strip, wherein the third metal strip is vertically arranged, the fourth metal strip is horizontally arranged, the third metal strip is connected with the first vertical arm and the second vertical arm, and the fourth metal strip is connected with the second horizontal arm and the second vertical arm; the code is 11.
A multi-resonator model based on four-state coupling line resonators comprises more than one four-state coupling line resonator, and each four-state coupling line resonator is connected through a microstrip transmission line.
Preferably, the number of the four-state coupled line resonators is six.
A chipless RFID tag based on a multi-resonator model includes a patch antenna and the multi-resonator model;
the patch antenna is connected with the multi-resonator model through the microstrip transmission line, and orthogonal polarization distribution is presented on two sides of the multi-resonator model.
Preferably, the patch antenna sequentially comprises a patch layer, a dielectric layer, a ground layer and a bottom plate, and the patch layer of the patch antenna is connected with the multi-resonator model through a microstrip transmission line.
An optimization system based on chipless RFID tags, comprising: the RFID system comprises an RFID label, a reader-writer and a back-end server;
the reader-writer is used for reading the RFID label and transmitting data to the back-end server in a wireless or wired mode;
and the back-end server is used for finishing data processing and automatic intelligent management and control.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects are as follows:
1. the invention discloses a four-state coupling line resonator, which can be reconfigured by metal strips to present four states, wherein the four-state resonator can respectively store 00 (no frequency response) and 01 (f)2Resonance of (d), 10 (f)1Resonance of (d) or 11 (f)1And f2Resonance at (c). Can easily pass through control f1And f2Thereby reducing the required frequency spectrum. In other words, each resonator of the proposed tag can encode two bits, allowing to store a large amount of data in a compact size to reduce the cost per bit.
2. By constructing a dual-polarized tag structure, signals in two polarization directions do not affect each other. The coreless label can work under incident waves of two polarization modes at the same time. The encoding technology based on the four-state coupling line resonator is combined with the dual-polarization tag structure, so that the frequency band utilization rate and the encoding density of the tag are greatly improved.
3. And the data information is transmitted to a back-end server in a wireless or wired communication mode by combining with the reader-writer, and the back-end server finishes the process of mutual identity authentication between the tag and the reader-writer and realizes intelligent management.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a four-state coupled line resonator provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a four-state coupled line resonator provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detailed structure of a four-state coupled line resonator according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a four-state coupled line resonator in the S1 state according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a four-state coupled line resonator in the S2 state according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a four-state coupled line resonator in the S3 state according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a four-state coupled line resonator in the S4 state according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a six-resonator model according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a chipless RFID tag structure provided by the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a patch antenna provided by the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an optimized system based on chipless RFID tags according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a diagram of the simulation results of S11 for the tags encoded with 111111111111 and 000000000000 provided by the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a diagram of the simulation results of S21 for the tags encoded with 111111111111 and 000000000000 provided by the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a diagram of simulation results of S11 for tags encoded as 111111111111 and 101010101010, 010101010101 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a diagram of the S21 simulation results of the tags encoded with 111111111111 and 101010101010, 010101010101 provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the schematic diagram and equivalent circuit of the four-state coupled line resonator proposed by the present invention are shown in fig. 1 and 2. The stop band characteristic of the resonator can be realized by impedance ZI1And ZI2To indicate.
Figure BDA0002182678010000051
Figure BDA0002182678010000052
Where θ is the coupling line length and Za and Zb are the characteristic impedances for the even and odd modes, respectively. When θ is pi/2, i.e. when the coupled line length is equal to the fundamental resonance frequency f0At a quarter wavelength, a fundamental stop band resonance occurs. The structure also produces stop band characteristics at all odd harmonics.
It should be noted that: f. of0Representing the resonance frequency, the first harmonic occurring at about 2f0F of1And f2Also representing the center frequency. The resonant frequency often has a range of frequencies, the range of frequencies at which resonance occurs. The frequency corresponding to the strongest point of resonance is the center frequency-point frequency.
In this embodiment, the substrate made of FR4 is designed by1And f2Is designed into5GHz and 5.2GHz respectively. The dielectric constant was 4.4 and the thickness was 0.78 mm.
The physical parameters of the circuits shown in fig. 1 and 2 are given in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002182678010000053
Figure BDA0002182678010000061
The length is lcAnd a width wcMay pass a coupled line of length lvAnd width wvIs connected to the first horizontal arm, the second horizontal arm, using short metal strips. The resonator may be reconfigured to assume four states. The method specifically comprises the following four states:
a four-state coupled line resonator, as shown in fig. 3, comprising: the microstrip transmission line comprises a first horizontal arm, a second horizontal arm, a first vertical arm, a second vertical arm, a coupling line and a microstrip transmission line;
the first horizontal arm is arranged in parallel with the coupling line, the second horizontal arm is arranged in parallel between the first horizontal arm and the coupling line, and the coupling line is arranged in parallel between the second horizontal arm and the microstrip transmission line;
the first vertical arm and the second vertical arm are located on the same straight line and are vertically arranged on one side of the first horizontal arm and the coupling line, the upper end of the first vertical arm is connected with the right end of the first horizontal arm, and the lower end of the second vertical arm is connected with the right end of the coupling line.
This structure couples the line resonators to achieve the first state S1 state. No resonance is observed in the operating band, which is denoted by the code 00, as shown in fig. 4.
In order to further realize the technical scheme, the basic structure of the coupled line resonator is the same as that of the coupled line resonator in the S1 state, and the coupled line resonator further comprises a first metal strip which is horizontally arranged and connects the second horizontal arm with the second vertical arm. The resonator of the structure is in an S2 state, and the resonant frequency is f2And encodingDenoted 01, as shown in fig. 5.
In order to further realize the technical scheme, the basic structure of the coupled line resonator is the same as that of the coupled line resonator in the state of S1, and the coupled line resonator further comprises a second metal strip which is vertically arranged and connects the first vertical arm with the second vertical arm. The resonator of this structure is in the S3 state, with only the first horizontal arm connected to the vertical line by a short metal strip. Resonant frequency f1The status code is 10, as shown in FIG. 6.
In order to further realize the technical scheme, the basic structure of the coupled line resonator is the same as that of the coupled line resonator in the state of S1, and the coupled line resonator further comprises a third metal strip and a fourth metal strip, wherein the third metal strip is vertically arranged, the fourth metal strip is horizontally arranged, the third metal strip is connected with the first vertical arm and the second vertical arm, and the fourth metal strip is connected with the second horizontal arm and the second vertical arm. The resonator has S4 state, horizontal arms are connected to vertical arm, and resonance occurs at f1And f2The resonator is denoted by the code 11, as shown in fig. 7.
Example two:
a multi-resonator model based on four-state coupling line resonators comprises more than one four-state coupling line resonator, and each four-state coupling line resonator is connected through a microstrip transmission line.
In order to further realize the above technical solution, as shown in fig. 8, six four-state coupled line resonators are provided.
In this embodiment: a six-resonator model of the proposed resonator described above was designed on a substrate of material FR4, with a dielectric constant of 4.4, a loss tangent of 0.02 and a thickness of 0.78 mm. The total length and width of the structure were 29.4 and 12.6mm, respectively. The structure is designed to maintain the frequency span of each resonator at about 200 MHz. The frequency span between every two adjacent resonators is also chosen to be about 200 MHz. For 5.4 to 8GHz operation, the resonator length is selected from L1-9.4 mm to L6-5.5 mm. The spacing between adjacent resonators is 1 mm. The microstrip transmission line design characteristic impedance is 50 Ω and the width is 2.4 mm.
Example three:
a chipless RFID tag based on a multi-resonator model, as shown in fig. 9. The label comprises a patch antenna and a multi-resonator model; the patch antenna can be adjusted to realize horizontal polarization and vertical polarization.
In this embodiment, the patch antenna is connected to the multi-resonator model through the microstrip transmission line, and exhibits orthogonal polarization distribution on both sides of the multi-resonator model.
In order to further implement the above technical solution, as shown in fig. 10, the patch antenna sequentially includes a patch layer, a dielectric layer, a ground layer, and a bottom plate, and the patch layer of the patch antenna is connected to the multi-resonator model through a microstrip transmission line.
In order to improve the identification speed and accuracy of the RFID system, the dual-polarized antenna has the advantages of dual-channel communication in the same frequency band, communication capacity improvement, system sensitivity improvement, multipath effect resistance and the like, and therefore two typical broadband dual-polarized antennas covering the frequency range of 5-10 GHz are designed and optimized.
The specific relevant parameters of the RFID tag are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002182678010000071
The amplitude and phase of each element's excitation current is adjusted according to relevant parameters including, but not limited to, the scan range, the width of the half-power beam, etc.
The directivity function or array factor of the microstrip planar antenna element is f (alpha, beta):
Figure BDA0002182678010000081
an xyz-axis coordinate system is made by taking a patch as a reference bottom surface and taking a patch corner as an origin, wherein the width is an x-axis, the length is a y-axis, and the height is a z-axis direction. M, N are the number of rows and columns of antenna elements equidistantly arranged on the patch surface; beta x represents the included angle between a certain point in the space and the x axis on the xy coordinate plane; β xz represents an angle to an xz coordinate plane; β y and β yz are the same; a represents the amplitude value of the feed current. Two antennas are connected to opposite ends of the feed line of the six-resonator structure. And the two antennas are placed in an orthogonal polarization arrangement.
It needs to be further explained that: the phased array antenna is adopted in the embodiment, the microstrip patch antenna circular polarization is realized, the first step needs to perform corner cutting operation, which is performed on a metal patch in a square shape, mainly performed on one diagonal, then the antenna is decomposed from a basic mode, and according to a characteristic mode theory, the current distribution on the surface of any conductor can be decomposed into superposition of a series of orthogonal characteristic current modes. The orthogonal characteristic current patterns differ in frequency on the diagonal. It can be seen by observation that at a certain frequency point, two orthogonal modes can produce a phase difference of about ninety degrees, which can then be synthesized to become circularly polarized radiation. The double-layer patch structure is adopted to generate two linear polarized waves which are perpendicular to each other, the radiation of the two linear polarized waves is the same, and the phase difference is 90 degrees to obtain circularly polarized waves, so that dual polarization can be completed on the same layer.
Example four:
an optimization system based on chipless RFID tags, as shown in FIG. 11, comprising: the RFID system comprises an RFID label, a reader-writer and a back-end server;
the reader-writer is used for reading the RFID label and transmitting data to the back-end server in a wireless or wired mode;
and the back-end server is used for finishing data processing and automatic intelligent management and control.
The novel independent chipless RFID optimization system in this embodiment is a four-state six-resonator tag system designed based on the present invention. When the reader-writer identifies a plurality of tags simultaneously, in order to avoid collision of a certain part of contents transmitted by different tags and reduce the workload of a traditional algorithm, so as to improve the identification speed of the algorithm, a novel hybrid anti-collision algorithm is adopted in the RFID system; and after the data is transmitted to the back-end server by the reader-writer, the server completes data processing and automatic intelligent control. Meanwhile, all collected data are uploaded to the cloud, and data analysis can be conducted on the identified target through a big data technology. Such as: wisdom is raisd livestock or poultry, and this RFID system of accessible realizes more accurate and quick discernment livestock, accomplishes livestock information acquisition: counting, weight and the like, and performing big data analysis by combining with gait and the like, thereby being beneficial to realizing yield increase and income increase.
The invention will be further verified with reference to the figures and the specific examples of embodiment of the description:
four configurations were designed to validate this concept. A first configuration is shown in figure 8 (arm 1 being the first horizontal arm and arm 2 being the second horizontal arm in the figure), in which all the resonators are connected to represent the code 11 of each. Thus, the code is 111111111111. The second code is zero, where the two arms of all resonators are not connected. The third encoding code 101010101010 shows a case where the arms 1 of all resonators are connected and the arm 2 is not connected. A fourth code 010101010101, representing the case where arms 2 of all resonators are connected and arm 1 is not connected. Fig. 12 and 13 are respectively: s11, S21 simulation results for tags encoded as 111111111111 and 000000000000. Fig. 14 and 15 are respectively: s11 and S21 simulation results of tags encoded as 111111111111 and 101010101010, 010101010101. The simulation results of the first, third, and fourth codes are shown in fig. 14 and 15. It has to be noted from the simulation diagram that there is almost no frequency shift. Other code codes not mentioned herein, such as 011110011110, 110011001100 and 001100110011, can also be verified with different resonators, i.e. designs when switching from one code to another.
As can be seen from the figure, the coding method in the invention is accurate and efficient. There is only a very small shift to high frequencies in the measurement. This is attributable to the design of optimized labels with good application results and high tolerance of manufacturing accuracy and substrate parameters.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. a novel compact chip-free RFID tag is designed and manufactured, the structure comprises six four-state microstrip coupling line resonators, and the novel compact chip-free RFID tag has the good effects of optimal bandwidth, high-efficiency and accuracy in identification and expandability.
2. For each resonator, two resonance frequencies are possible; thus, a single resonator can be reconfigured for two-bit information codes (00, 01, 10, and 11), which is more economical than conventional chipless RFID tag designs.
3. The unique design of the proposed tag allows to increase the encoding density without further increasing the size. Can be directed to 46The proposed tag is reconfigured by individual codes and 12 possible frequencies. It is realized to store a large amount of data in a compact size, reducing the cost per bit.
4. The dual-polarized tag design has the characteristics of wide identification range, direction independence and the like.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (9)

1. A four-state coupled line resonator, comprising: the microstrip transmission line comprises a first horizontal arm, a second horizontal arm, a first vertical arm, a second vertical arm, a coupling line and a microstrip transmission line;
the first horizontal arm and the coupling line are equal in length and are arranged in parallel, the second horizontal arm is arranged between the first horizontal arm and the coupling line in parallel, and the coupling line is arranged between the second horizontal arm and the microstrip transmission line in parallel;
the first vertical arm and the second vertical arm are positioned on the same straight line and are vertically arranged on one side of the first horizontal arm and one side of the coupling line, the upper end part of the first vertical arm is connected with the right end part of the first horizontal arm, and the lower end part of the second vertical arm is connected with the right end part of the coupling line; the code is 00.
2. The four-state coupled line resonator of claim 1, further comprising a first metal strip, wherein the first metal strip is disposed horizontally and connects the second horizontal arm to the second vertical arm; the code is 01.
3. The four-state coupled line resonator of claim 1, further comprising a second metal strip, wherein the second metal strip is vertically disposed and connects the first vertical arm to the second vertical arm; the code is 10.
4. A four-state coupled line resonator as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a third metal strip and a fourth metal strip, wherein said third metal strip is vertically disposed, said fourth metal strip is horizontally disposed, said third metal strip connects said first vertical arm and said second vertical arm, and said fourth metal strip connects said second horizontal arm and said second vertical arm; the code is 11.
5. A multi-resonator model based on the four-state coupled-line resonator of any one of claims 1-4, comprising more than one four-state coupled-line resonator, and each four-state coupled-line resonator is connected by the microstrip transmission line.
6. A multi-resonator model according to claim 5, wherein the four-state coupled line resonator is six.
7. A chipless RFID tag based on the multi-resonator model of claim 5, comprising a patch antenna and the multi-resonator model;
the patch antenna is connected with the multi-resonator model through the microstrip transmission line, and orthogonal polarization distribution is presented on two sides of the multi-resonator model.
8. The chipless RFID tag of claim 7, wherein the patch antenna comprises a patch layer, a dielectric layer, a ground layer, and a backplane in that order, the patch layer of the patch antenna being connected to the multi-resonator model by a microstrip transmission line.
9. An optimization system based on the chipless RFID tag of claims 7-8,
the method comprises the following steps: the RFID system comprises an RFID label, a reader-writer and a back-end server;
the reader-writer is used for reading the RFID label and transmitting data to the back-end server in a wireless or wired mode;
and the back-end server is used for finishing data processing and automatic intelligent management and control.
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