CN115877032A - Method for detecting flue gas flow velocity by light interference scintillation method and novel flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument - Google Patents
Method for detecting flue gas flow velocity by light interference scintillation method and novel flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting flue gas flow rate by using a light interference scintillation method and a novel flue gas flow rate measuring instrument, wherein the measuring instrument comprises a first light source and a second light source which are mutually parallel, and a first reflector and a second reflector which are arranged on two sides of a sampling hole of a pollution source pipeline and are mutually parallel, light of the first light source is irradiated on the first reflector and then divided into reflected light and transmitted light, two paths of light are irradiated on the rear part of the second reflector, light beams are converged to generate interference, the interference light beams are received by a first photoelectric detector, and the interference light beams formed by the same light of the second light source after passing through the first reflector and the second reflector are received by the first photoelectric detector. The invention can detect the gas flow velocity with the flow velocity lower than 5m/s, and has wide application range and strong reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pollutant monitoring equipment, and particularly relates to a method for detecting flue gas flow velocity by using an optical interference scintillation method and a novel flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument.
Background
In order to improve the quality of atmospheric environment, really solve the outstanding environmental problems that influence scientific development and damage the health of the masses, prevent environmental risks, and gradually make and implement a series of guidelines such as energy conservation, emission reduction, pollution discharge, charging, total amount control and the like for pollutant emission by the nation. According to the requirements of environmental protection and total amount control work, the pollution discharge of enterprises is effectively managed, the smooth realization of emission control indexes is ensured, on one hand, the emission of polluted gas is reduced from the aspects of technology and control means, and on the other hand, the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data are ensured, so that the existing monitoring technology needs to be continuously researched and improved. The smoke flow rate is an important parameter for determining the total pollutant emission amount of the pollution discharge enterprise, the measurement of the smoke flow rate provides a data basis for implementation of a total amount control plan, and meanwhile, the accurate measurement of the smoke flow rate of a fixed pollution source is also an important precondition for automatically monitoring data on line and truly reflecting the main pollutant emission condition of the enterprise.
The current standard method for measuring the flow rate of the flue gas specified in the flue gas monitoring standard of the fixed pollution source in China adopts a Pitot tube method, and the applicable condition is the flue gas with the flow rate of more than 4.5 m/s. Wherein, the standard pitot tube method is suitable for measuring cleaner exhaust. And the operation load of enterprises with fixed pollution sources, particularly enterprises giving consideration to heating in winter, is lower in the non-heating period, and the exhaust gas discharge flow rate is mostly less than 5m/s. In addition, after the flue gas passes through pollution control facilities such as denitration, wet desulphurization, wet dust removal and the like, the discharged flue gas has low temperature and high humidity, and the requirement on the flow velocity measurement method is higher. Inaccurate flow measurement at low flow rate is an important restriction factor causing low utilization rate of automatic pollution source monitoring data, and seriously affects the accuracy of the discharge amount statistics of waste gas emission enterprises.
The invention patent with the application number of 201110054000.6 discloses a flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument and a measuring method, the flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument comprises a light emitting system and a light receiving system which are arranged on two sides of a flue, wherein the light emitting system comprises an LED light source and a collimating lens positioned on an emergent light path of the LED light source, the light receiving system comprises a focusing lens and a photoelectric detector positioned on a transmission light path of the focusing lens, a light beam emitted by the LED light source is collimated into a parallel light beam by the collimating lens, then the parallel light beam passes through the flue, and then the parallel light beam is received by the focusing lens and sent to the photoelectric detector; the photoelectric detector is externally connected with a digital display through a data processing system. The principle is that the optical signals are changed by utilizing the influence of the non-uniformity of the gas on the optical path, then the flow rate is measured by calculating the cross correlation of the two optical signals, the measurement can be carried out only when the non-uniformity of the gas can cause the change of the light intensity with enough intensity, and the high requirement is provided for the non-uniformity of the gas. When the instrument works in practice, the instrument always has abnormal indicating value and cannot work normally when clean and uniform gas is encountered, and the application range of the instrument is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a flue gas flow velocity measuring method and a flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument which have wide application range and adopt an optical interference method and an optical flicker principle, aiming at the technical problem that the existing flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument can not measure low-speed, clean and uniform gas.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a novel flue gas velocity of flow measuring apparatu, including the first light source and the second light source that are parallel to each other, install in pollution source pipeline thief hole both sides and the first speculum and the second mirror that are parallel to each other, first speculum and second mirror front surface are the semi-reflecting semi-permeable surface, the rear surface is the high plane of reflection, the light irradiation of first light source divide into reflection light and transmission light behind first speculum, two way light irradiation is reflected the mirror rear portion and is jetted out light and join and take place to interfere at the second, receive this interference light beam by first photoelectric detector, the interference light beam that the light of same second light source formed behind first speculum and the second mirror is received by second photoelectric detector.
Preferably, the first light source and the second light source are laser light.
Preferably, a collimating lens is disposed on the optical path of the first light source and the second light source.
Preferably, a converging lens is disposed on an optical path of the first photodetector and the second photodetector.
Preferably, the first light source and the second light source are parallel to the pollution source pipeline, and the first reflector and the second reflector form an included angle of 45 degrees with the pollution source pipeline.
A novel flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument comprises a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror and a first reflector which are respectively arranged on two sides of a pollution source pipeline, wherein a first light source and a second light source which are parallel to each other are arranged on one side of the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror, and a second reflector is arranged on the other side of the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror; the light emitted by the first light source is divided into reflected light and transmitted light after passing through the semi-reflective and semi-transparent mirror, the reflected light vertically irradiates the first reflector and then returns to the semi-reflective and semi-transparent mirror and then is transmitted to the first photoelectric detector, the transmitted light vertically irradiates the second reflector and then reflects the semi-reflective and semi-transparent mirror and then is reflected to the first photoelectric detector and forms interference with the reflected light, and the light emitted by the same second light source forms interference and is received by the second photoelectric detector.
Preferably, the first light source and the second light source use high coherence lasers having a coherence length of more than 10 meters.
Preferably, the first reflector is perpendicular to the second reflector, and the transflective mirror forms an angle of 45 degrees with the first reflector.
Preferably, the distance between the first light source and the second light source is 40-60mm.
Preferably, the front ends of the first light source, the second light source, the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are provided with a back flushing protection device.
The invention also provides a method for detecting the flue gas flow velocity by using the light interference scintillation method, which comprises the following steps of: two or more groups of light sources are arranged to emit outgoing rays which are parallel to each other; each group of emergent rays are divided into two or more paths of coherent light by an optical device, wherein at least one path of light passes through the flue, and then each two paths of light are coincidently emitted out through the optical device to generate interference; setting a photoelectric detector to receive interference signals and recording signal changes; the two groups or the multiple groups of emergent rays respectively generate the processes, the transit time is calculated by calculating the correlation and the phase difference, and the flue gas flow velocity is finally calculated.
Preferably, the photoelectric signals x (t) and y (t) respectively received by the two detectors are subjected to cross-correlation operation to obtain a cross-correlation function Rxy (tau), which is calculated by the following formula,
the peak position of the cross-correlation function is the phase difference of the two signals, and the corresponding time displacement tau 0 I.e. the transit time, and setting L as the distance between the two detectors, the measured fluid mixing velocity v cp ＝L/τ 0 。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the novel flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument adopting the method enables the emitted light of the first light source and the emitted light of the second light source to respectively interfere after passing through flue gas through the combination of the reflector or the combination of the reflector and the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror, and the interference method has high sensitivity to gas nonuniformity, so that the novel flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument can still measure the flue gas or the pipeline gas which is relatively uniform and cannot be applied to the common light scintillation method, and has wide application range. Because the signal variation amplitude generated by interference is far larger than the original light flicker amplitude, and the signal variation frequency caused by interference is high, the signal variation frequency can be well distinguished from environmental interference, and the signal generation method has high reliability, high anti-interference capability and high reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
in the above figures: 1. a first light source; 2. a second light source; 3. a first reflecting mirror; 31. a partially reflective partially transmissive surface; 32. a total reflection surface; 4. a second reflector; 5. a first photodetector; 6. a second photodetector; 7. a collimating lens; 8. a converging lens; 9. a source of contamination pipeline; 10. a sampling hole; 11. a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
A method for detecting flue gas flow velocity by a light interference scintillation method comprises the following steps: two or more groups of light sources are arranged to emit outgoing rays which are parallel to each other; each group of emergent rays are divided into two or more paths of coherent light by an optical device, wherein at least one path of light passes through the flue, and then each two paths of light are coincidently emitted out to generate interference after passing through the optical device; setting a photoelectric detector to receive interference signals and recording signal changes; and (3) respectively carrying out the processes on two groups or multiple groups of emergent rays, calculating the transit time by calculating the correlation, and finally calculating the flue gas flow rate.
Setting the distance between two light sources or two detectors as L, and performing cross-correlation operation on photoelectric signals x (t) and y (t) respectively received by the two detectors to obtain a cross-correlation function Rxy (tau), wherein the cross-correlation function can be calculated by the following formula:
time displacement tau corresponding to cross-correlation function peak position 0 Commonly referred to as the transit time. The measured fluid mixing velocity vcp can be expressed in terms of the associated velocity vc, provided that the "freezing" flow model assumption is satisfied, i.e.:
example 2
As shown in figure 1, a novel flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument comprises a first light source 1 and a second light source 2 which emit parallel light, a first reflector 3 and a second reflector 4 which are arranged on two sides of a sampling hole 10 of a pollution source pipeline 9 and are parallel to each other, the light emitted by the first light source 1 is irradiated on the first reflector 3 and then divided into reflected light and transmitted light, two paths of light are irradiated on the rear part of the second reflector 4, split light is converged and interfered, the interference light beam is received by a first photoelectric detector 5, the interference light beam formed by the same light of the second light source 2 after passing through the first reflector 3 and the second reflector 4 is received by the first photoelectric detector 5, and the first detector and the second detector are both connected to a data processing and display control unit.
For making the detector received signal clearer, first light source 1 and second light source 2 are laser, and the light path of first light source 1 and second light source 2 sets up collimating lens 7, and first photoelectric detector 5 and second photoelectric detector 6's light path is provided with convergent lens 8, first light source 1 and second light source 2 are on a parallel with pollution source pipeline 9, and first speculum 3 and second speculum 4 are 45 degrees contained angles with pollution source pipeline 9.
The flue gas flows from bottom to top in the pollution source pipeline 9, and the flue gas has nonuniformity for the refracting index of flue gas also is constantly changing. Light emitted by the first light source 1 reaches the first reflector 3 after passing through the first collimating lens 7, is reflected and refracted on a partial reflection part transmission surface of the first reflector 3, and is divided into two paths. The reflected light beam is emitted horizontally (the first path is set), the first path of light passes through the smoke and reaches the partial reflection part transmission surface of the second reflector 4, then part of light enters the second reflector 4 and reaches the total reflection surface 32 of the second reflector 4, and after reflection, the partial reflection part transmission surface 31 of the second reflector 4 is reached, and part of light energy is emitted upwards. The transmitted light beam (set as a second path) which enters the first reflector 3 from the part of the reflecting part transmission surface 31 of the first reflector 3 from the first light source 1 passes through the whole reflection surface 32 of the first reflector 3 and is reflected to the part of the reflecting part transmission surface 31 of the first reflector 3, a part of light is transmitted and horizontally emitted, passes through smoke and reaches the part of the reflecting part transmission surface 31 of the second reflector 4 at the other end opposite to the sampling port, a part of light beam is reflected and upwards emitted, the part of light beam is overlapped with the first path of emergent light on the surface to generate interference, and the first detector receives a certain light signal. Because the gas in the flue cannot be absolutely uniform, the refractive index is also non-uniform, and the non-uniform gas flows upwards along with the flow of the flue gas, the optical paths of the first path and the second path are changed, when the optical path difference of the two paths of light exceeds 1 wavelength, the light and shade change of an optical signal generated by interference occurs once, and the intensity of the optical signal received by the first detector is changed once. Because the light wavelength is very short and is less than 1 micron, and the flue is generally more than 1 meter, the optical path change caused by the refractive index greatly exceeds the light wavelength, so that the light and shade change frequency of the interference fringe is higher, and the flue is very sensitive to the nonuniformity of the flue gas, therefore, even if the flue gas is more uniform, enough light signals can be generated, and obvious light and shade change occurs. The change of the photoelectric signal can be directly recorded, and the number A of light and shade change in unit time can be counted, wherein A is related to the non-uniformity of the smoke and changes along with time. Likewise, the second detector also receives the light signal emitted by the second light source 2. According to the taylor assumption, the uneven distribution in the gas flow can integrally flow along the gas flow direction at an average flow speed, the signals received by the second detector and the first detector are correlated, the change of the photoelectric signal or the change of the brightness change times in unit time is also correlated, and the time difference between the two is the time taken by the flue gas to flow through the distance between the first path of light and the third path of light.
Since the diameter of the chimney sampling port is generally 80mm according to the national standard, L is 40-70mm.
In order to prevent the optical window from being polluted by smoke, a back blowing protection device is arranged in front of the optical window of the light source and the detector and comprises an air pump and a filter which are connected through a pipeline, clean air filtered by the filter forms a protection air curtain in front of the optical window through the air pump, and smoke and dust in front of the optical window are blown away in time.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 2, a novel flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument comprises a half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror 11 and a first reflecting mirror 3 which are respectively installed on two sides of a pollution source pipeline 9, wherein the first reflecting mirror 3 is installed along the vertical direction, and the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror 11 and the first reflecting mirror 3 form an included angle of 45 degrees. A first light source 1 and a second light source 2 with emergent rays both vertically upward are arranged below the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror 11, and the first light source 1 and the second light source 2 adopt high-coherence lasers with coherence length exceeding 10 meters. A second reflector 4 along the horizontal direction is arranged above the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror 11.
The laser emitted by the first light source 1 is divided into two beams on the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror 11, one beam is reflected to the right, and the other beam is upward. The upward light beam enters the second reflecting mirror 4, then the reflected light returns in the original path, reaches the transflective mirror 11 and then is reflected leftwards to become a first path of light. The right light beam penetrates through the smoke and then enters the first reflector 3, then returns to the original path, reaches the rear part of the semi-reflective and semi-transparent mirror 11, is split and penetrates through the semi-reflective and semi-transparent mirror 11 and then is emitted, and is called as a second path of light, and the first path of light and the second path of light are received by the first photoelectric detector 5. Because the first path of light and the second path of light are overlapped and interfere with each other, the smoke is uneven and when flowing, the interference condition changes, the light signal received by the first detector changes in brightness, and the times of the brightness change are determined by the unevenness of the smoke and the flowing speed. Similarly, the interference light of the second light source 2 received by the second photodetector 6 has the same brightness change, and the number of changes in unit time is also determined by the non-uniformity and flow rate of the flue gas. The number of light and shade changes in unit time is taken as a signal, the signals of the two photoelectric detectors are in cross correlation, and the time difference is determined by the distance between the two light beams and the flow speed of the smoke. To increase the accuracy of the measurement, the distance between the two light sources is 40-70mm. The distance between the two light beams is a known fixed value, and the flow speed of the flue gas can be obtained by detecting the number of light and shade changes in unit time.
In order to prevent the optical window from being polluted by smoke, a back blowing protection device is arranged in front of the optical window of the light source and the detector and comprises an air pump and a filter which are connected through a pipeline, clean air filtered by the filter forms a protection air curtain in front of the optical window through the air pump, and smoke and dust in front of the optical window are blown away in time.
The novel flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument described in the two embodiments enables the emitted light of the first light source 1 and the second light source 2 to form interference after passing through flue gas through the combination of the reflector or the combination of the reflector and the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror 11, and the interference method has high sensitivity to gas nonuniformity, so that the flue gas or the pipeline gas which is relatively uniform and cannot be applied to the common light scintillation method can still be measured, and the adaptability is high. Because the coherent light signal that the photoelectric detector detected is the frequency of light and shade change, rather than the change of light intensity to the signal change range that the interference produced is greater than original light scintillation range far away, and the signal change frequency that the interference caused is high, can be fine and environmental disturbance distinguish, have very high reliability and interference killing feature, its reliability is high.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A novel flue gas velocity of flow measuring apparatu which characterized in that: including first light source and the second light source that is parallel to each other, install in pollution source pipeline thief hole both sides and the first speculum and the second mirror that are parallel to each other, it is first, the front surface of second mirror is the semi-reflecting semi-permeable surface, the rear surface is the high plane of reflection, the light of first light source shines and is divided into reflection light and transmission light behind first speculum, two way light shines and meets at second mirror rear portion partial beam and take place to interfere, receive this interference light beam by first photoelectric detector, the interference light beam that the light of same second light source formed behind first speculum and the second mirror is received through second photoelectric detector.
2. The novel flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first light source and the second light source are lasers.
3. The novel flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that: and a collimating lens is arranged on the light path of the first light source and the second light source.
4. The novel flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a converging lens is arranged on the light path of the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector.
5. The novel flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first light source and the second light source are parallel to the pollution source pipeline, and the first reflector and the second reflector form an included angle of 45 degrees with the pollution source pipeline.
6. A novel flue gas velocity of flow measuring apparatu which characterized in that: the device comprises a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror and a first reflector which are respectively arranged on two sides of a pollution source pipeline, wherein a first light source and a second light source which are parallel to each other are arranged on one side of the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror, and the second reflector is arranged on the other side of the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror; the light emitted by the first light source is divided into reflected light and transmitted light after passing through the semi-reflective and semi-transparent mirror, the reflected light vertically irradiates on the first reflector, returns to the semi-reflective and semi-transparent mirror and then is transmitted to the first photoelectric detector, the transmitted light vertically irradiates on the second reflector, reflects on the semi-reflective and semi-transparent mirror and then is reflected to the first photoelectric detector and forms interference with the reflected light, and the light emitted by the same second light source forms interference and is received by the second photoelectric detector.
7. The novel flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that: the first light source and the second light source employ high coherence lasers having a coherence length in excess of 10 meters.
8. The novel flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that: the first reflector is perpendicular to the second reflector, and the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror and the first reflector form an angle of 45 degrees.
9. The novel flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: the distance between the first light source and the second light source is 40-70mm.
10. A method for detecting flue gas flow velocity by a light interference scintillation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: two or more groups of light sources are arranged to emit outgoing rays which are parallel to each other; each group of emergent rays are divided into two or more paths of coherent light by an optical device, wherein at least one path of light passes through the flue, and then each two paths of light are coincidently emitted out to generate interference after passing through the optical device; setting a photoelectric detector to receive interference signals and recording signal changes; and (3) respectively carrying out the processes on two groups or multiple groups of emergent rays, calculating the transit time by calculating the correlation and the phase difference, and finally calculating the flow rate of the flue gas.
11. The method for detecting the flow rate of the flue gas by the light interference scintillation method according to claim 10, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
performing cross-correlation operation on photoelectric signals x (t) and y (t) respectively received by the two detectors to obtain a cross-correlation function Rxy (tau), wherein the cross-correlation function is calculated by the following formula,
the peak position of the cross-correlation function is the phase difference of the two signals, and the corresponding time displacement tau 0 I.e. the transit time, and setting L as the distance between the two detectors, the measured fluid mixing velocity v cp ＝L/τ 0 。
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