CN115870819A - Device and method for grinding small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle material - Google Patents
Device and method for grinding small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle material Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
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Abstract
A device and a method for grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials relate to a grinding device and a grinding method. The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing centreless grinding process for machining small cylindrical workpieces cannot machine small-diameter cylindrical workpieces made of hard and brittle materials with the diameter of less than 2 mm. A plurality of experiment table supporting upright columns are fixedly supported on an experiment table, a grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail is installed on the upper end face of the experiment table, a first grinding wheel spindle and a second grinding wheel spindle are installed on the grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail, a first grinding wheel is installed on the first grinding wheel spindle, a second grinding wheel is installed on the second grinding wheel spindle, the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel are oppositely arranged and located on the same vertical plane, and a small cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials is located on the upper portion between the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel. The method comprises the following steps: determining a grinding process, a grinding wheel dressing method, and determining the rotating speed difference and the shape precision of the double grinding wheels. The invention is used for processing the small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grinding device and a grinding method, in particular to a device and a grinding method for precisely grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials by using a double-grinding-wheel rotating speed difference.
Background
At present, precision grinding is the main method for processing small cylindrical workpieces made of hard and brittle materials. In the traditional process for machining small cylindrical workpieces by centerless grinding, the minimum machining range of the diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece is limited by the thickness of the supporting plate, and the hard and brittle material workpiece is easy to break and fracture and cannot be machined into the small-diameter hard and brittle material cylindrical workpiece with the diameter less than 2 mm.
Therefore, the process method is provided for precisely grinding the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material with the small diameter, and the processing efficiency of the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material is effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the existing centreless grinding process for machining a small cylindrical workpiece, the minimum machining range of the diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece is limited by the thickness of a supporting plate, and the hard and brittle material workpiece is easy to break and fracture and cannot be machined into a small-diameter hard and brittle material cylindrical workpiece with the diameter of less than 2 mm. Further provides a device and a method for grinding the small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a device for grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials comprises an experiment table, a plurality of experiment table supporting upright columns, a grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail, a first grinding wheel spindle, a first grinding wheel, a second grinding wheel and a second grinding wheel spindle; a plurality of laboratory bench support posts are fixed to be supported on the lower terminal surface of laboratory bench, grinding wheel spindle feeds linear guide and installs on the up end of laboratory bench, first emery wheel main shaft and second emery wheel main shaft are installed on grinding wheel spindle feeds linear guide, first emery wheel is installed on first emery wheel main shaft, the second emery wheel is installed on second emery wheel main shaft, first emery wheel and second emery wheel mutual disposition are and are located same vertical plane, the little cylinder work piece of hard and brittle material is located the upper portion between first emery wheel and the second emery wheel, realize the grinding to the little cylinder work piece of hard and brittle material when first emery wheel and second emery wheel rotate relatively the syntropy.
Further, a grinding gap is left between the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel.
Furthermore, the grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail comprises a Z-direction linear guide rail and an X-direction linear guide rail, the first grinding wheel spindle is installed on the Z-direction linear guide rail, and the second grinding wheel spindle is installed on the X-direction linear guide rail.
Furthermore, the quantity of a plurality of laboratory bench support post is four, and four laboratory bench support post install respectively under 7 the terminal surfaces the four corners make the laboratory bench be located the horizontality of laboratory bench.
Furthermore, the grinding wheel spindle feeding device further comprises a numerical control system, wherein the numerical control system is installed on the outer side of the experiment table and electrically connected with the first grinding wheel spindle and the second grinding wheel spindle, and the positions of the first grinding wheel spindle and the second grinding wheel spindle on the grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail are adjusted through the numerical control system.
The invention also provides a grinding method of the device for the small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a precise grinding processing technology of a small cylindrical workpiece made of a hard and brittle material;
the precise grinding process for the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material adopts a process that two ceramic-based or resin-based diamond grinding wheels grind and support the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material at the two sides of the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material simultaneously;
step two: a grinding wheel dressing method;
step two, firstly: trimming single ceramic-based or resin-based grinding wheels one by a diamond trimming tool, or grinding by two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels and simultaneously reciprocating along the axial direction, so that the grinding wheels are rounded and the generatrices are kept parallel;
step two: adjusting the grinding gap of the outer circle surfaces of the two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels on the horizontal reference surface by adopting a control program to enable the grinding gap to be equal to the required diameter of the ground workpiece, and enabling the hard and brittle material small cylindrical workpiece to be positioned above the gap formed by the two grinding wheels and supported by the two grinding wheels for grinding;
step three: determining the difference of the rotating speeds of the double grinding wheels;
the method comprises the steps that a first grinding wheel and a second grinding wheel rotate in the same direction, namely the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel rotate along the anticlockwise direction or the clockwise direction at the same time, and the grinding method that the grinding point line speed directions of two sides of a small cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials are opposite is adopted, the rotating speeds of the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel are adjusted to form a certain speed difference on the two sides of the small cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials, the rotating speed difference range is 0.02rpm-0.05rpm, and the downward linear speed is greater than the upward linear speed;
step four: the shape precision of a small cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials;
two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels subjected to precision finishing are adopted to simultaneously carry out precision grinding on two sides of a small cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials until the requirement of the shape error index of the cylindricity of the workpiece is met.
Further, the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials in the step one is a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials with the diameter of less than 2 mm.
Furthermore, in the third step, when the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel are ceramic-based grinding wheels, the linear speed directions at the position of the reference surface are opposite, and the rotation speed difference is caused to be the precise grinding technological parameter of the reverse linear speed of 0.02rpm-0.05rpm, the highest rotation speed of the ceramic-based grinding wheel is not more than 65rpm, the lowest rotation speed is not less than 30rpm, and the position error of the coaxiality and the shape error index of the cylindricity are ensured to be 0.012-0.016mm through the grinding technology of the two ceramic-based grinding wheels.
Furthermore, the two ceramic-based grinding wheels in the third step are positioned on the same horizontal reference surface, and the gap between the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel is adjusted through a control program to form the diameter required by the small cylindrical workpiece made of the ground hard and brittle material, wherein the range of the diameter is 0.2mm-2mm; at this time, the rotation speed n of the first grinding wheel 1 And the rotational speed n of the second grinding wheel 2 Grinding betweenThe cutting clearance determines the diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials.
Further, it also includes the step five: and (3) obtaining the small hard and brittle material cylindrical workpiece 3 with a small diameter through the precision grinding processing technology, and dropping and recycling when the diameter of the small hard and brittle material cylindrical workpiece 3 is smaller than the gap between the first grinding wheel 1 and the second grinding wheel 2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
1. the invention processes the small cylindrical workpiece with the diameter of 0.2mm-1mm by a precise grinding process, reduces the processing cost of the small cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials, and improves the grinding efficiency.
2. The invention obtains the technological index of the rotation speed difference between 0.02rpm and 0.05rpm, and the grinding clearance between the two ceramic-based grinding wheels is adjusted through a numerical control system, so that the grinding of the hard and brittle material small cylindrical workpiece with the diameter between 0.2mm and 2mm is realized.
3. In the processing of a small cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials with the micro diameter of 0.2mm-2mm, a rotating speed difference precision grinding processing technology is adopted, and the precision grinding processing parameters and results are shown in a table 1 (taking the diameter of the grinding workpiece as an example). The results in table 1 show that the invention can meet the demand indexes of the hard and brittle small cylindrical workpiece in the industrial field.
TABLE 1
The parameters S-, R-, S in Table 1 indicate the rotational speed n of the first grinding wheel 1 1 The direction of rotation of (1) is-counterclockwise; r represents the rotational speed n of the second grinding wheel 2 2 The direction of rotation of (1) is-counterclockwise; S-R-represents the rotational speed n of the first grinding wheel 1 1 And the rotational speed n of the second grinding wheel 2 2 The linear speeds of the two ceramic-based grinding wheels in the grinding contact areas on the two sides of the workpiece (the hard and brittle material small cylindrical workpiece 3) are opposite, and the formed rotating speed difference range is 0.02rpm-0.05rpm. Wherein, the rotating speed difference requirement meets: rotational speed n of the second grinding wheel 2 2 = rotational speed n of first grinding wheel 1 1 +0.02rpm-0.05rpm。
In addition, the noise trend ↓, in table 1 indicates that the noise exhibited a relatively decreasing trend; → represents that the noise exhibits a relatively steady trend; ×) represents a relatively increasing trend of the noise.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the difference in rotational speed during grinding of a small diameter cylindrical workpiece of a hard and brittle material;
FIG. 3 is a force analysis chart of FIG. 2, F 1N And F 2N Normal force of the first grinding wheel 1 and the second grinding wheel 2 against the workpiece; f 1t And F 2t -tangential forces of the first grinding wheel 1 and the second grinding wheel 2 on the workpiece; the rotation direction of the n-hard and brittle material small cylindrical workpiece is clockwise; n is 1 First grinding wheel 1 (speed n) 1 ) Direction of rotation, counterclockwise; n is a radical of an alkyl radical 2 Second grinding wheel 2 (speed n) 2 ) Direction of rotation, counterclockwise; the center of the O-hard and brittle small cylindrical workpiece is positioned in the center of the circle; o is 1 First grinding wheel 1 (speed n) 1 ) The center of the circle; o is 2 Second grinding wheel 2 (speed n) 2 ) The center of the circle; g-the gravity of the small cylindrical workpiece.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the device for grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials in the embodiment comprises a test bench 7, a plurality of test bench support columns 6, a grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide 8, a first grinding wheel spindle 1, a first grinding wheel 2, a second grinding wheel 4 and a second grinding wheel spindle 5; a plurality of laboratory bench support post 6 fixed stay are on the lower terminal surface of laboratory bench 7, grinding wheel spindle feeds linear guide 8 and installs on the up end of laboratory bench 7, first grinding wheel spindle 1 and second grinding wheel spindle 5 are installed on grinding wheel spindle feeds linear guide 8, first emery wheel 2 is installed on first grinding wheel spindle 1, second emery wheel 4 is installed on second grinding wheel spindle 5, first emery wheel 2 and second emery wheel 4 mutual disposition are and are located same vertical plane, the little cylindrical workpiece 3 of hard brittle material is located the upper portion between first emery wheel 2 and the second emery wheel 4, realize the grinding to the little cylindrical workpiece 3 of hard brittle material when first emery wheel 2 and second emery wheel 4 rotate relatively the syntropy.
Compared with the traditional centerless grinding, the method and the device for precisely grinding the small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials by using the double grinding wheel rotating speed difference have the advantages that the supporting plate supporting device is not arranged, the limitation of the thickness of the dragging plate can be avoided, the diameter of the ground workpiece is determined by the gap between the two grinding wheels, and the cylindrical workpiece with smaller diameter can be ground. When grinding is started, the small cylindrical workpiece is positioned above the gap between the two grinding wheels, and as shown in fig. 3, the grinding force F of the first grinding wheel 1 and the second grinding wheel 2 on the hard and brittle small cylindrical workpiece is generated due to the action of the steering and rotating speed difference of the two grinding wheels 1t And F 2t With a certain difference, the small cylindrical workpiece is rotated clockwise (figure 2), and meanwhile, a downward grinding force F is formed on the workpiece, and the workpiece is contacted with the surface of the grinding wheel and slowly fed together with the gravity G (figure 3) of the workpiece, so that the small cylindrical workpiece is ground.
The method and the device for precisely grinding the small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material by using the double-grinding-wheel rotating speed difference are suitable for processing the small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material, the processing technology is high in stability and reliability, the shape precision and the yield of the processed small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material are improved, and the processing cost is reduced.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and a grinding gap is provided between the first grinding wheel 2 and the second grinding wheel 4 of the present embodiment. The grinding gap of the present embodiment controls the diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece 3 of hard and brittle material to be ground. Other components and connections are the same as in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the grinding wheel spindle feed linear guide 8 of the present embodiment includes a Z-direction linear guide and an X-direction linear guide, and the first grinding wheel spindle 1 is attached to the Z-direction linear guide and the second grinding wheel spindle 5 is attached to the X-direction linear guide. Due to the arrangement, the position between the first grinding wheel spindle 1 and the second grinding wheel spindle 5 can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs, and then the gap between the first grinding wheel and the second grinding wheel can be adjusted; other compositions and connections are the same as in the first or second embodiments.
The fourth concrete implementation mode is as follows: in the present embodiment, the number of the plurality of laboratory table support columns 6 is four, and the four laboratory table support columns 6 are respectively attached to four corners of the lower end surface of the laboratory table 7 so that the laboratory table 7 is positioned in a horizontal state, as described with reference to fig. 1 to 3. So set up, be convenient for guarantee that whole laboratory bench is in the horizontality, provide necessary guarantee for the small work piece of accurate processing. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as in the first, second or third embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and further includes a numerical control system, which is installed outside the experiment table 7 and electrically connected to the first grinding wheel spindle 1 and the second grinding wheel spindle 5, and adjusts the positions of the first grinding wheel spindle 1 and the second grinding wheel spindle 5 on the grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide 8 through the numerical control system. With such a configuration, the numerical control system adopted in the present embodiment is a conventional technical means, which is not described herein again, and the numerical control system controls the first grinding wheel spindle 1 and the second grinding wheel spindle 5 more accurately. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those in the first, second, third or fourth embodiment.
The first wheel spindle 1 and the second wheel spindle 5 claimed in the present embodiment are actually included as the entire grinder.
The sixth specific implementation mode is as follows: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and a grinding method of an apparatus for grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of a hard and brittle material according to the present embodiment includes the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a precise grinding processing technology of a small cylindrical workpiece made of a hard and brittle material;
the precise grinding processing technology of the small hard and brittle material cylindrical workpiece 3 adopts a technology that two ceramic-based or resin-based diamond grinding wheels grind and support the small hard and brittle material cylindrical workpiece 3 at two sides of the small hard and brittle material cylindrical workpiece 3 simultaneously;
step two: a grinding wheel dressing method;
step two is as follows: trimming single ceramic-based or resin-based grinding wheels one by a diamond trimming tool, or grinding by two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels and simultaneously reciprocating along the axial direction, so that the grinding wheels are rounded and the generatrices are kept parallel;
step two: adjusting the grinding gap of the outer circle surfaces of the two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels on the horizontal reference surface by adopting a control program to enable the grinding gap to be equal to the required diameter of the ground workpiece, and enabling the hard and brittle material small cylindrical workpiece 3 to be positioned above the gap formed by the two grinding wheels and supported by the two grinding wheels for grinding;
step three: determining the difference of the rotating speeds of the double grinding wheels;
the method comprises the steps that a first grinding wheel 1 and a second grinding wheel 2 rotate in the same direction, namely the first grinding wheel 1 and the second grinding wheel 2 rotate along the anticlockwise direction or the clockwise direction at the same time, and the grinding method that the grinding point line speed directions of two sides of a small hard and brittle material cylindrical workpiece 3 are opposite is adopted, the rotating speeds of the first grinding wheel 1 and the second grinding wheel 2 are adjusted to form a certain speed difference on two sides of the small hard and brittle material cylindrical workpiece 3, the rotating speed difference range is 0.02rpm-0.05rpm, wherein the downward linear speed is greater than the upward linear speed;
step four: the shape precision of the small cylindrical workpiece 3 made of hard and brittle materials;
two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels subjected to precision finishing are adopted to simultaneously carry out precision grinding on two sides of a small hard and brittle cylindrical workpiece 3 until the requirement of the shape error index of the cylindricity of the workpiece is met.
The invention discloses a method for precisely grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials by using a double-grinding-wheel rotating speed difference, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) precise grinding processing technology of hard and brittle small cylindrical workpieces, a grinding wheel dressing method, double grinding wheel rotating speed difference and shape precision;
the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials refers to a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials, and particularly refers to a workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials with the diameter of below 2mm; the precise grinding processing technology of the small cylindrical workpiece adopts the technology that two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels grind two sides of the workpiece simultaneously and support the workpiece for grinding;
according to the grinding wheel dressing method, the single ceramic-based grinding wheels can be dressed one by one through the diamond dressing tool, and the grinding wheels can also be ground through the two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels and move back and forth along the axial direction at the same time, so that the grinding wheels are rounded and the generatrices are kept parallel. Adjusting and controlling the grinding gap of the excircle surfaces of the two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels on the horizontal reference surface by adopting a control program to enable the grinding gap to be equal to the diameter required by the ground workpiece, and enabling the workpiece to be positioned above the gap and supported by the two grinding wheels for grinding;
the double grinding wheels adopt a grinding wheel 1 (rotating speed n) as a rotating speed difference 1 ) Grinding wheel 2 (speed n) 2 ) The grinding method of the opposite speed direction of the grinding point line on both sides of the workpiece rotating in the same direction (simultaneously rotating along the counterclockwise direction or the clockwise direction) is characterized in that the rotating speeds of two grinding wheels are adjusted to form a small rotating speed difference (0.02 rpm-0.05 rpm) to form a certain speed difference on both sides of a small cylindrical workpiece, wherein n is 2 >n 1 Making the downward linear velocity slightly larger than the upward linear velocity;
the shape precision adopts two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels subjected to precision finishing to simultaneously carry out precision grinding on two sides of a workpiece, and the index requirements of the cylindricity and the roughness of the workpiece are met.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the hard and brittle small cylindrical workpiece 3 in the first step of the present embodiment is a hard and brittle small-diameter cylindrical workpiece having a diameter of 2mm or less. The present embodiment is directed to processing such a small workpiece. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: in the third step of the present embodiment, when the first grinding wheel 1 and the second grinding wheel 2 are ceramic-based grinding wheels, the linear speed directions at the reference surface position are opposite, and the rotation speed difference is set to be the precision grinding process parameter of the reverse linear speed of 0.02rpm to 0.05rpm, the maximum rotation speed of the ceramic-based grinding wheels is not more than 65rpm, the minimum rotation speed is not less than 30rpm, and the position error of coaxiality and the shape error index of cylindricity are ensured to be 0.012 mm to 0.016mm through the grinding process of the two ceramic-based grinding wheels. So set up, the work piece precision that the machining precision goes out is high, satisfies the design requirement. Other compositions and connection relationships are the same as those of embodiment one, two, three, four, five, six or seven.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the two vitrified grinding wheels in the third step of the present embodiment are the sameOn the horizontal reference surface, the gap between the first grinding wheel 1 and the second grinding wheel 2 is adjusted through a control program to form the required diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece 3 made of the ground hard and brittle materials, wherein the range of the diameter is 0.2mm-2mm; at this time, the rotational speed n of the first grinding wheel 1 1 And the rotational speed n of the second grinding wheel 2 2 The grinding gap between them determines the diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece 3 of hard and brittle material. So set up, the work piece precision that the machining precision goes out is high, satisfies the design requirement. Other compositions and connection relations are the same as those of any one of the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the present embodiment further includes a fifth step: and obtaining the small hard and brittle material cylindrical workpiece 3 with a small diameter through the precision grinding processing technology, and when the diameter of the small hard and brittle material cylindrical workpiece 3 is smaller than the gap between the first grinding wheel 1 and the second grinding wheel 2, dropping and recycling the small hard and brittle material cylindrical workpiece. So set up, the collection of the work piece of being convenient for. Other components and connection relationships are the same as those in any one of the first to ninth embodiments.
Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to fig. 1 to 3:
example 1
Before grinding, the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials is a cylindrical rod-shaped blank material with a small diameter, the diameter is 1.2mm-2mm, and the length of the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle materials is smaller than the width of the grinding wheel.
The method for precisely grinding the small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material by using the rotating speed difference of the double grinding wheels comprises the following steps of:
(1) And (3) grinding wheel dressing, namely, dressing a single ceramic-based diamond grinding wheel by using a diamond tool, or grinding by using two ceramic-based grinding wheels, so that the grinding wheel is rounded and the generatrix of the two grinding wheels is kept parallel, and adjusting a grinding gap of 0.2-2 mm on a reference surface by using a control program. At this time, the grinding clearance is equal to the required diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece after grinding, and the small cylindrical workpiece is supported by the two grinding wheels and ground. When the diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece is equal to the gap between the two grinding wheels, the workpiece falls out of the gap, and grinding is completed (see fig. 2).
(2) Two ceramic-based grinding wheels 1 (speed n) 1 ) Grinding wheel 2 (rotating)Speed n 2 ) The grinding wheels rotate in the same direction (simultaneously rotate along the anticlockwise direction or the clockwise direction), the grinding point-line speed directions of the two sides of the workpiece are opposite, the rotating speeds of the two grinding wheels are adjusted to form a certain speed difference on the two sides of the small cylindrical workpiece, the rotating speed difference range is 0.02rpm-0.05rpm, and the downward linear speed is slightly larger than the upward linear speed (see figure 3).
(3) When grinding is started, a small cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials is placed above a gap formed by two grinding wheels, and a small rotation speed difference (n) is formed by rotating the two grinding wheels in the same direction 2 ＞n 1 ). The grinding forces of the two grinding wheels on the hard and brittle small cylindrical workpiece have certain difference due to the action of the difference of the rotating speeds, and the tangential forces F on the two sides 1t And F 2t The difference in size (see fig. 3) causes the workpiece to rotate and create a small downward grinding force component to grind a small cylindrical workpiece of hard and brittle material.
(4) The two ceramic-based grinding wheels are positioned on the same horizontal reference surface, and a grinding gap of 0.2mm-2mm is formed on the grinding reference surface by adjusting the two grinding wheels through a control program. At this time, the grinding wheel 1 (rotation speed n) 1 ) And a grinding wheel 2 (speed n) 2 ) The grinding gap between them determines the diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece of hard and brittle material.
Example 2
In the experimental process, the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material is horizontally placed above a grinding gap formed by two ceramic-based grinding wheels, and precision grinding is carried out according to the final diameter (mm) index of the small cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material by precision grinding processing according to the process parameters in the table 1; adjusting the grinding wheel 1 (speed n) by the control program according to the steps described in (3) and (4) 1 ) And a grinding wheel 2 (speed n) 2 ) Grinding gaps between the two parts to finally obtain hard and brittle material small cylindrical workpieces with different required processing diameters.
The parameters and results of the precision grinding process are shown in table 1.
Although the invention has been described with respect to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes, omissions and deviations in the form and detail thereof may be made without departing from the scope of this invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a device of hard brittle material minor diameter cylinder work piece which characterized in that: the grinding wheel spindle feeding device comprises a test table (7), a plurality of test table supporting columns (6), a grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail (8), a first grinding wheel spindle (1), a first grinding wheel (2), a second grinding wheel (4) and a second grinding wheel spindle (5);
a plurality of experiment table support columns (6) are fixedly supported on the lower end face of an experiment table (7), a grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail (8) is installed on the upper end face of the experiment table (7), a first grinding wheel spindle (1) and a second grinding wheel spindle (5) are installed on the grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail (8), a first grinding wheel (2) is installed on the first grinding wheel spindle (1), a second grinding wheel (4) is installed on the second grinding wheel spindle (5), the first grinding wheel (2) and the second grinding wheel (4) are arranged oppositely and located on the same vertical plane, a hard and brittle material small cylindrical workpiece (3) is located on the upper portion between the first grinding wheel (2) and the second grinding wheel (4), and the first grinding wheel (2) and the second grinding wheel (4) realize grinding of the hard and brittle material small cylindrical workpiece (3) when rotating in the same direction relatively.
2. An apparatus for grinding a small diameter cylindrical workpiece of hard and brittle material as defined in claim 1, characterized in that: a grinding gap is reserved between the first grinding wheel (2) and the second grinding wheel (4).
3. An apparatus for grinding a small diameter cylindrical workpiece of hard and brittle material as defined in claim 2, characterized in that: the grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail (8) comprises a Z-direction linear guide rail and an X-direction linear guide rail, the first grinding wheel spindle (1) is installed on the Z-direction linear guide rail, and the second grinding wheel spindle (5) is installed on the X-direction linear guide rail.
4. An apparatus for grinding a small diameter cylindrical workpiece of hard and brittle material as defined in claim 3, characterized in that: the number of the experiment table supporting columns (6) is four, and the four experiment table supporting columns (6) are respectively arranged at four corners of the lower end face of the experiment table (7) to enable the experiment table (7) to be located in a horizontal state.
5. An apparatus for grinding a small diameter cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle materials as claimed in claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the grinding wheel spindle feeding device is characterized by further comprising a numerical control system, wherein the numerical control system is installed on the outer side of the experiment table (7) and is electrically connected with the first grinding wheel spindle (1) and the second grinding wheel spindle (5), and the positions of the first grinding wheel spindle (1) and the second grinding wheel spindle (5) on the grinding wheel spindle feeding linear guide rail (8) are adjusted through the numerical control system.
6. A grinding method using an apparatus for grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece of a hard and brittle material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a precise grinding processing technology of a small cylindrical workpiece made of a hard and brittle material;
the precise grinding processing technology of the hard and brittle material small cylindrical workpiece (3) adopts a technology that two ceramic-based or resin-based diamond grinding wheels grind and support the hard and brittle material small cylindrical workpiece (3) at two sides of the hard and brittle material small cylindrical workpiece (3) simultaneously;
step two: a grinding wheel dressing method;
step two, firstly: trimming single ceramic-based or resin-based grinding wheels one by a diamond trimming tool, or grinding by two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels and simultaneously reciprocating along the axial direction, so that the grinding wheels are rounded and the generatrices are kept parallel;
step two: adjusting the grinding gap of the excircle surfaces of the two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels on the horizontal reference surface by adopting a control program to enable the grinding gap to be equal to the diameter required by the ground workpiece, and enabling the small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of hard and brittle materials to be positioned above the gap formed by the two grinding wheels and supported by the two grinding wheels for grinding;
step three: determining the difference of the rotating speeds of the double grinding wheels;
the method comprises the steps that a first grinding wheel (1) and a second grinding wheel (2) rotate in the same direction, namely the first grinding wheel (1) and the second grinding wheel (2) rotate along the anticlockwise direction or the clockwise direction at the same time, and the grinding method that the grinding point line speed directions of two sides of a small hard and brittle material cylindrical workpiece (3) are opposite is adopted, the rotating speeds of the first grinding wheel (1) and the second grinding wheel (2) are adjusted to form a certain speed difference on two sides of the small hard and brittle material cylindrical workpiece (3), the rotating speed difference range is 0.02rpm-0.05rpm, wherein the downward linear speed is greater than the upward linear speed;
step four: the shape precision of the small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of hard and brittle materials;
two ceramic-based diamond grinding wheels subjected to precision finishing are adopted to simultaneously carry out precision grinding on two sides of a small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of hard and brittle materials until the requirement of the shape error index of the cylindricity of the workpiece is met.
7. A method for grinding a cylindrical workpiece with a small diameter and made of hard and brittle materials as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: the small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of the hard and brittle material in the step one is a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of the hard and brittle material with the diameter of less than 2 mm.
8. A method for grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of a hard and brittle material as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: in the third step, when the first grinding wheel (1) and the second grinding wheel (2) are ceramic-based grinding wheels, the linear speed directions at the position of the reference surface are opposite, and the rotation speed difference is made to be the precise grinding technological parameter of the reverse linear speed of 0.02rpm-0.05rpm, the highest rotation speed of the ceramic-based grinding wheels is not more than 65rpm, the lowest rotation speed is not less than 30rpm, and the position error of coaxiality and the shape error index of cylindricity are ensured to be 0.012-0.016mm through the grinding technology of the two ceramic-based grinding wheels.
9. A method for grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of a hard and brittle material as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: in the third step, the two ceramic-based grinding wheels are positioned on the same horizontal reference surface, and the gap between the first grinding wheel (1) and the second grinding wheel (2) is adjusted through a control program to form the required diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of the ground hard and brittle material, wherein the range of the diameter is 0.2mm-2mm; at this time, the rotational speed n of the first grinding wheel (1) 1 And the rotational speed n of the second grinding wheel (2) 2 The grinding clearance between the two parts determines the diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of hard and brittle materials.
10. A method for grinding a small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of a hard and brittle material as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: it also includes the fifth step: the small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of the hard and brittle material with the small diameter is obtained through the precise grinding processing technology, and when the diameter of the small cylindrical workpiece (3) made of the hard and brittle material is smaller than the gap between the first grinding wheel (1) and the second grinding wheel (2), the small cylindrical workpiece falls off and is recycled.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211542866.6A CN115870819A (en) | 2022-12-02 | 2022-12-02 | Device and method for grinding small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle material |
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| CN202211542866.6A CN115870819A (en) | 2022-12-02 | 2022-12-02 | Device and method for grinding small-diameter cylindrical workpiece made of hard and brittle material |
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