CN115865194A - Beacon-free optical communication double-beam scanning capture system and scanning method - Google Patents
Beacon-free optical communication double-beam scanning capture system and scanning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115865194A CN115865194A CN202211516793.3A CN202211516793A CN115865194A CN 115865194 A CN115865194 A CN 115865194A CN 202211516793 A CN202211516793 A CN 202211516793A CN 115865194 A CN115865194 A CN 115865194A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of space laser communication, and relates to a beacon-free optical communication double-beam scanning capture system and a scanning method, aiming at shortening the time required by scanning and improving the capture probability so as to enhance the link building efficiency. The double light beams of the capture scanning system are mainly generated and controlled by a signal light laser, a first beam splitter, a fine tracking mechanism and an advanced aiming mechanism, the first beam splitter is arranged between the signal light laser and the light paths of the fine tracking mechanism and the advanced aiming mechanism, so that one emergent light beam is divided into two light beams, and the two light beams can scan a target area at the same time according to a preset path. The invention can enable the fine tracking mechanism and the advanced aiming mechanism of the laser communication terminal to work in parallel, greatly shortens the time required by scanning, improves the capturing probability of single scanning, effectively improves the capturing performance and improves the efficiency of building a satellite optical communication link.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of space laser communication, and particularly relates to a beacon-free optical communication double-beam scanning capture system and a scanning method.
Background
The space laser communication adopts light waves as carriers to transmit information, and has the advantages of high speed, good concealment, light and small terminal, low power consumption and the like compared with the traditional microwave communication, so that the space laser communication is widely researched by various countries in the world and is expected to solve the bottleneck of the current communication technology. However, space laser communication uses light beams with milliradian or even micro-arc degree for communication, the requirements on capturing and tracking in the chain building process before communication are very high, and early laser communication uses light beams with large beam divergence angles (beacon light) to cooperate with a coarse tracking mechanism for target capturing, so that the terminal is large in size, large in mass and high in power consumption.
With the development of the technology, a beacon-free satellite laser communication capturing technology is proposed, namely, a communication light beam with a small beam divergence angle (tens to hundreds of micro radians) is directly adopted to scan and capture an uncertain area, and the method can effectively reduce the SWaP (sizeWeightand Power) index and the complexity of the terminal. For example, LCT laser communication terminals developed by Tesat, germany, use advanced aiming mechanisms for beacon-less scanning. Chinese patent CN201911101941.3 discloses a beacon-free laser communication scanning system and method, using a fine tracking mechanism and an advanced aiming mechanism as a scanning executing mechanism. The method disclosed in the above technology can improve the coverage rate to a certain extent, and increase the capture probability of the APT system, but when each sub-region capture scan is performed, the fine tracking mechanism is required to scan all the regions according to the path alone, and the advanced aiming mechanism cannot participate in the sub-region scan, and no coordination relationship is formed between the mechanisms, which is not beneficial to reducing the time required for capture scan.
In summary, the system and method for continuously optimizing the acquisition of laser communication targets of beacon-free satellites is the focus of research of workers in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a beacon-free optical communication double-beam scanning capture system and a detection method, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, only one executing mechanism is used for single scanning capture, so that the capture efficiency is low, and the scanning consumes long time and occupies short communication time.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes the following solutions: the utility model provides a two light beam does not have beacon scanning system, including the signal light laser instrument, accurate tracking mechanism, first spectroscope, the second spectroscope, the third spectroscope, advance aiming mechanism, first detector and second detector, the emergent main light path of signal light laser instrument has set gradually first spectroscope, second spectroscope and accurate tracking mechanism, the beam split light path of first spectroscope is provided with advance aiming mechanism, the beam split light path of second spectroscope is provided with third spectroscope and first detector, the emergent light path of advance aiming mechanism is located the beam split light path of third spectroscope, the reflection light path of first spectroscope another side is provided with the second detector.
Further, the first detector is a capture tracking detector, and the second detector is a communication receiving detector.
Furthermore, the advanced aiming mechanism and the fine tracking mechanism are both fast reflectors.
Further, the capturing and tracking detector is a four-quadrant detector or an area array image sensor.
The invention further provides a beacon-free optical communication double-beam scanning and capturing method, which is characterized in that a target area is scanned by two beams of light simultaneously to realize capturing, the incident beam enters a system and is reflected by a fine tracking mechanism, and then is divided into two paths by a second beam splitter, wherein one path is received by a first detector for capturing and tracking, and the other path is received by a second detector for communication; the light beam emitted by the communication laser is divided into two paths by the first beam splitter, namely a first scanning light beam and a second scanning light beam, the first scanning light beam penetrates through the second beam splitter and then is reflected out of the system by the fine tracking mechanism and is scanned according to a preset path, and the second scanning light beam is sequentially reflected out of the system by the advanced aiming mechanism, the third beam splitter, the second beam splitter and the fine tracking mechanism and is scanned according to the preset path.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention is provided with a spectroscope between the communication laser and the fine tracking mechanism and the advanced aiming mechanism, and divides the emergent signal light into two beams to form two scanning beams, the two beams are controlled by the fine tracking mechanism and the advanced aiming mechanism, and can simultaneously carry out parallel scanning on a target area, and each beam bears half of a scanning area, so that under the condition of the same scanning speed, the scanning time can be theoretically saved by 50%;
2. according to the scheme, the target area is scanned by adopting double light beams, and compared with the traditional single light beam scanning, two light spots exist at the same time to cover the scanning area, so that the capturing probability of single scanning is effectively improved, and further, the overall capturing probability is improved.
3. The double-beam scanning method can realize asynchronous scanning, and the problem of missing scanning can be solved more pertinently by independently controlling the speed, the stepping distance and the stay time of the two beams of light.
4. The core component of the scheme is a forward aiming mechanism, a fine tracking mechanism and a first spectroscope capable of dividing an emergent light beam into two parts, the positions of detectors can be exchanged, the device is more convenient to build, and the device is convenient and fast.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the present system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of link acquisition when dual beam beacon-less scanning is employed;
FIG. 3 is a trace diagram of a Beacon-free constant pitch scanning with dual beams;
FIG. 4 is a light spot track diagram of Beacon-free equal-pitch equal-linear-speed scanning by double light beams;
FIG. 5 is a trajectory diagram of a double-end common scanning method;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a two-sided common scanning method spot trace;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a no beacon scan with a missing scan;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the trajectory of a compensated asynchronous dual beam scan.
The reference numerals are explained below: the system comprises a signal light laser 1, a communication receiving detector 2, a first beam splitter 3, a pre-aiming mechanism 4, a capture tracking detector 5, a third beam splitter 6, a second beam splitter 7, a first scanning beam 8, a second scanning beam 9, an incident beam 10, a fine tracking mechanism 11, a satellite 12 for scanning, a scanning beam 13, another scanning beam 14, an object 15 to be captured, an uncertain region 16, a scanning beam locus 17, another scanning beam locus 18, a scanning beam spot movement process diagram 19, another scanning beam spot movement process diagram 20, a broken line 21, a solid line 22, a solid line 23, a scanning beam spot locus 24, another scanning beam spot locus, an irregular black area 25, a normal scanning beam 26 and another light compensation scanning beam spot locus 27.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
In order to form two scanning beams and realize the double-beam scanning and capturing functions, the invention needs to arrange a double-beam spectroscope in the direction of a main light path of a signal light laser, arrange a fine tracking mechanism at one position along the direction of the light path after passing through the spectroscope, and arrange an advanced aiming mechanism vertical to the propagation direction of the main light path after passing through the spectroscope.
A beacon-free optical communication double-beam scanning capture system comprises a signal light laser 1, a fine tracking mechanism 11, a first spectroscope 3, a second spectroscope 7, a third spectroscope 6 and a forward aiming mechanism 4, wherein a first spectroscope 3, a second spectroscope 7 and the fine tracking mechanism 11 are sequentially arranged on a main emergent light path of the signal light laser 1, the forward aiming mechanism 4 is arranged on a light splitting light path of the first spectroscope 3, a third spectroscope 6 and a first detector are arranged on a light splitting light path of the second spectroscope 7, the first detector is a capture tracking detector 5 in the embodiment, an emergent light path of the forward aiming mechanism 4 is located on a light splitting light path of the third spectroscope 6, a second detector is arranged on a reflection light path of the other side of the first spectroscope 3, and the second detector is a communication receiving detector 2. The light splitting ratios of the first light splitting mirror, the second light splitting mirror and the third light splitting mirror are all based on the lowest energy required in the capturing link. The advance aiming mechanism 4 and the fine tracking mechanism 11 are both quick reflectors. The capture tracking detector 5 is in this embodiment a four quadrant detector.
The invention provides a scanning method of a beacon-free optical communication double-beam scanning and capturing system, which realizes capturing by scanning a target area by two beams of light simultaneously. An incident beam 10 enters the system, is reflected by a fine tracking mechanism 11, and is divided into two paths by a second beam splitter 7, wherein one path is received by a first detector 5 for capturing and tracking, and the other path is received by a second detector 2 for communication; the light beam emitted by the communication laser 1 is divided into two paths by the first beam splitter 3, namely a first scanning light beam 8 and a second scanning light beam 9, the first scanning light beam 8 penetrates through the second beam splitter 7 and then is reflected out of the system by the fine tracking mechanism 11 and is scanned according to a preset path, and the second scanning light beam 9 is reflected out of the system by the advanced aiming mechanism 4, the third beam splitter 6, the second beam splitter 7 and the fine tracking mechanism 11 in sequence and is scanned according to the preset path.
The process of beam propagation in the present system is as follows: firstly, a signal light laser 1 emits a light beam, the light beam is divided into two light beams, namely a first scanning light beam 8 and a second scanning light beam 9 through a first beam splitter 3, wherein the first scanning light beam 8 penetrates through a second beam splitter 7 and then is reflected by a fine tracking mechanism 11 and then is emitted; the second scanning beam 9 is reflected by the first beam splitter 3 and then enters the surface of the advanced sighting mechanism 4, is reflected by the advanced sighting mechanism, is reflected by the third beam splitter 6 and the second beam splitter 7, and is finally reflected by the fine tracking mechanism 11. And for the incident beam 10, after entering the system, the incident beam is reflected by the fine tracking mechanism 11, and then is divided into two paths by the second beam splitter 7, wherein one path is received by the first detector 5 for capturing and tracking after penetrating through the third beam splitter 6, and the other path is received by the second detector 2 for communication after being reflected by the other surface of the first beam splitter 3.
Some scanning parameters of the first scanning light beam (8) and the second scanning light beam (9), such as scanning step length, arm ring distance, staying time and moving direction, can be set independently and can be the same or different.
Since the first scanning beam 8 is directly controlled by the fine tracking mechanism 11 and the second scanning beam 9 is controlled by two reflections from the advance sighting mechanism 4 and the fine tracking mechanism 11, the pointing angle of the first scanning beam 8 can be determined by the deflection angle of the fine tracking mechanism 11, and the pointing angle of the second scanning beam 9 needs to be determined by the deflection angle of the advance sighting mechanism 4 and the fine tracking mechanism 11, for example, 50urad (according to the optical lever principle, the ray rotation θ 1= 100urad) is rotated by the advance sighting mechanism 4 around the azimuth axis, and 100urad (according to the optical lever principle, the ray rotation θ 2= 200urad) is rotated by the fine tracking mechanism 11 around the azimuth axis, so that the actual final deflection angle of the second scanning beam is θ = θ 1+ θ 2=300urad.
See fig. 3 and 4. It can be seen from the figure that one path of the scanning track of the dual beams is a broken line which is a track 17 of one scanning beam, one path of the scanning track is a solid line which is a motion track 18 of the other scanning beam, the scanning modes of 17 and 18 are consistent, the parameters such as scanning step length, spot size, spot dwell time, spiral arm spacing, spiral dimension and the like are the same, and the difference is that the scanning directions of the two paths are different. Therefore, the time required by the area which needs to be scanned by one pointing mechanism is shared by two pointing mechanisms under the state that the scanning parameters are not changed, the time required by scanning is greatly shortened, and the capture probability is improved.
Referring to the scanning paths shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, that is, the double-end common scanning, in which one light beam starts scanning along one end of the spiral line (only the spiral line is taken as an example) and the other light beam starts scanning along the other end of the spiral line, the time required for scanning can be effectively reduced. In fig. 5, the broken line is a track 21 of one of the scanning beams, and the solid line is a track 22 of the other scanning beam. In fig. 6, the dotted line shows the spot trajectory 23 of one of the scanning beams, and the solid line shows the spot trajectory 24 of the other scanning beam.
In the scanning process, the condition of missing scanning is difficult to avoid due to factors such as vibration, for example, as shown in an irregular black area 25 in fig. 7, a missed scanning area is obtained, and a general solution of beacon-free scanning is to enlarge the size of a light spot or reduce the interval between scanning ring arms or reduce the step distance of the scanning light spot, wherein the enlargement of the size of the light spot will reduce the energy of the arriving light beam, which is not favorable for improving the capturing probability, and the reduction of the interval between the scanning ring arms or the step distance of the scanning light spot will increase the scanning time. The double-beam scanning method can effectively solve the problem. As shown in fig. 8, in the dual-beam beacon-free scanning process, one beam is a normal scanning beam 26 which scans along a predetermined track, and the other beam compensates the scanning track 27 and mainly performs compensation scanning on a black circular missing scanning area, so that the missing scanning area is covered without changing the spot size, the ring-arm distance and the spot stepping distance, and the capture probability is further improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A beacon-free optical communication double-beam scanning and capturing system is characterized in that: the device comprises a signal light laser (1), an advanced aiming mechanism (4), a fine tracking mechanism (11), a first spectroscope (3), a second spectroscope (7), a third spectroscope (6), a first detector (5) and a second detector (2); the emergent main light path of the signal light laser (1) is sequentially provided with a first spectroscope (3), a second spectroscope (7) and a fine tracking mechanism (11), the light splitting light path of the first spectroscope (3) is provided with an advanced aiming mechanism (4), the light splitting light path of the second spectroscope (7) is provided with a third spectroscope (6) and a first detector (5), the emergent light path of the advanced aiming mechanism (4) is located on the light splitting light path of the third spectroscope (6), and the reflection light path of the other side of the first spectroscope (3) is provided with a second detector (2).
2. The beaconeless optical communication dual-beam scanning capture system of claim 1, wherein: the first detector is a capture tracking detector (5) and the second detector is a communication receiving detector (2).
3. The beaconeless optical communication dual-beam scanning capture system of claim 2, wherein: the advance aiming mechanism (4) and the fine tracking mechanism (11) are both quick reflectors.
4. A dual beam beaconeless scanning system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the capture tracking detector (5) is a four-quadrant detector or an area array image sensor.
5. A beacon-free optical communication double-beam scanning method is characterized in that: the target area is scanned by two beams of light simultaneously to realize capture, an incident beam (10) enters a system, is reflected by a fine tracking mechanism (11), and is divided into two paths by a second beam splitter (7), wherein one path is received by a first detector (5) for capture tracking, and the other path is received by a second detector (2) for communication; light beams emitted by the communication laser (1) are divided into two paths by the first beam splitter (3), namely a first scanning light beam (8) and a second scanning light beam (9), the first scanning light beam (8) penetrates through the second beam splitter (7) and then is reflected out of the system by the fine tracking mechanism (11) and scans according to a preset route, and the second scanning light beam (9) is sequentially reflected out of the system by the advanced aiming mechanism (4), the third beam splitter (6), the second beam splitter (7) and the fine tracking mechanism (11) and scans according to the preset route.
6. The scanning method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the double light beams, one light beam is subjected to main scanning, and the other light beam is subjected to compensation type sub-scanning so as to cover the area which is not scanned in the main scanning.
7. The scanning method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the starting point of one of the scanning beams may be at one end of a predetermined track, and the starting point of the other scanning beam may be at the other end of the predetermined track.
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