CN115862908A - Experimental device for in-pile retention basket under serious accident - Google Patents
Experimental device for in-pile retention basket under serious accident Download PDFInfo
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- CN115862908A CN115862908A CN202310081151.3A CN202310081151A CN115862908A CN 115862908 A CN115862908 A CN 115862908A CN 202310081151 A CN202310081151 A CN 202310081151A CN 115862908 A CN115862908 A CN 115862908A
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003832 thermite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010259 detection of temperature stimulus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses an in-reactor retention basket experimental device under a serious accident, relates to the technical field of nuclear reactors, and can effectively verify the cooling performance and retention effect of a retention basket. Utilize the temperature measurement station that pressure vessel bottom was arranged to obtain test parameter to can effectively verify the cooling effect of cooling channel through experimental apparatus is whole, and the concrete scheme is as follows: an in-pile retention basket experimental device under a serious accident comprises a water collecting tank, wherein a pressure container lower end enclosure is arranged in the water collecting tank, a retention basket is supported at the top of the pressure container lower end enclosure, a crucible for containing thermite is arranged at the top of the retention basket, and an end plug is arranged at the bottom of the crucible; a cooling channel is formed between the lower seal head of the pressure vessel and the detention basket and is connected with a water injection tank; an electric heater is arranged in the detention basket, and a plurality of temperature measuring points are arranged at the lower end socket of the pressure vessel and the bottom of the detention basket.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear reactors, in particular to an in-reactor retention basket experimental device under a serious accident.
Background
In the design of advanced nuclear power plant, after reactor core melt entered the in-reactor retention basket, the design that relies on the in-reactor retention basket can realize that the reactor core melt is detained in the in-reactor retention basket to guarantee reactor pressure vessel's integrality. When a core melting accident occurs in a high-power reactor (a reactor with electric power larger than 30 ten thousand kilowatts), molten materials fall into a lower cavity of a reactor pressure vessel, and because the decay heat of the high-power reactor is larger, the volume heat release rate is larger, and the thermal coking effect of a metal layer is stronger, great uncertainty is ensured to be remained in the molten material reactor in a conventional reactor pressure vessel external cooling mode. If the reactor pressure vessel fails, a large amount of melt will be caused to enter the containment, thereby challenging the integrity of the containment. In order to reduce the probability of pressure vessel failure under the serious accident of a high-power reactor, a design scheme that the reactor core decay heat is led out in a mode of designing a special detention basket in the reactor pressure vessel and the molten material is ensured to be detained in the reactor pressure vessel is provided.
Above-mentioned design has very big novelty, for the design theory of verifying the in-pile detention basket, needs the design to synthesize experimental apparatus and verifies the cooling performance who is detained the basket in the pile, guarantees promptly under reasonable effectual experimental operating mode that the in-pile detention basket can keep intact.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an in-pile retention basket experimental device under a serious accident, which can simulate passive water injection of a cooling channel at the bottom of a retention basket under the serious accident by utilizing accurate water injection of an external water tank to the cooling channel at the bottom of the retention basket and combining detection of temperature measuring points, obtains test parameters by utilizing the temperature measuring points arranged at the bottom of the retention basket, and can effectively verify the cooling performance and the retention effect of the retention basket through the whole experimental device. The test parameters are obtained by utilizing temperature measuring points arranged at the bottom of the pressure container, and the cooling effect of the cooling channel can be effectively verified through the whole experimental device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an in-pile retention basket experimental device under a serious accident comprises a water collecting tank, wherein a pressure container lower end enclosure is arranged in the water collecting tank, a retention basket is supported at the top of the pressure container lower end enclosure, a crucible for containing thermite is arranged at the top of the retention basket, and an end plug is arranged at the bottom of the crucible; a cooling channel is formed between the lower seal head of the pressure vessel and the detention basket and is connected with a water injection tank; an electric heater is arranged in the detention basket, and a plurality of temperature measuring points are arranged at the lower end socket of the pressure vessel and the bottom of the detention basket.
As a further implementation mode, supporting legs are arranged in the collecting water tank, and the collecting water tank fixedly supports the lower end enclosure of the pressure container through the supporting legs.
As a further implementation mode, a plurality of supporting pieces are uniformly distributed in the cooling channel, one end of each supporting piece is fixedly connected with the inner wall surface of the lower end socket of the pressure container, and the other end of each supporting piece is fixedly connected with the outer wall surface of the retention basket.
As a further implementation, the support member has a curvature and an elliptical cross-section.
In a further implementation mode, the inner wall surface of the detention basket is a refractory layer.
As a further implementation mode, the crucible and the detention basket are coaxially arranged, a nozzle is arranged at the center of the bottom of the crucible, and the end plug is installed at the nozzle.
As a further implementation, the water injection tank is arranged outside the collection water tank and higher than the collection water tank, and the water injection tank is connected with the cooling channel through a water injection pipe with a flow control valve.
As a further implementation, the top edge of the lower head of the pressure vessel is lower than the top edge of the retention basket, and the top edge of the retention basket is lower than the top edge of the collection water tank.
As a further implementation mode, the bottom of the detention basket is provided with temperature measuring points which are distributed circumferentially and distributed at the edge of the bottom of the detention basket.
As a further implementation mode, the temperature measuring points at the bottom of the lower seal head of the pressure vessel are distributed in a plurality of groups of circles, and different groups of temperature measuring points are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the lower seal head of the pressure vessel.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the invention, the detention basket is arranged in the space of the lower chamber of the pressure vessel, a cooling channel is formed between the lower seal head of the pressure vessel and the detention basket, and the cooling channel is connected with the water injection tank; detain the inside electric heater that is equipped with of basket, pressure vessel low head and detain the basket bottom and set up a plurality of temperature measurement stations, realize detaining the passive cooling channel of basket bottom and make the continuous derivation of decay heat, ensure to detain the integrality of basket. The method comprises the steps of accurately simulating decay heat of a fusant by using an electric heater, accurately injecting water into a cooling channel at the bottom of a detention basket by using an external water tank, and simulating passive water injection of the cooling channel at the bottom of the detention basket under a serious accident by combining detection of a temperature measuring point.
2. According to the invention, the test parameters are obtained by using the temperature measuring points arranged at the bottom of the detention basket, and the cooling performance and detention effect of the detention basket can be effectively verified through the whole experimental device. The test parameters are obtained by utilizing temperature measuring points arranged at the bottom of the pressure container, and the cooling effect of the cooling channel can be effectively verified through the whole experimental device.
3. One end of the supporting piece is fixedly connected with the inner wall surface of the lower end enclosure of the pressure vessel, the other end of the supporting piece is fixedly connected with the outer wall surface of the detention basket, and the supporting piece at the bottom of the detention basket is provided with a radian, so that the flow resistance of the cooling channel is reduced due to the smaller contact area between the arc design and the inner wall surface of the pressure vessel while the supporting is realized.
4. The invention verifies the cooling effect and the detention performance of the detention basket by replacing working media and an experimental method, thereby meeting the requirement of the detention of the melt in the detention basket under serious accidents
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an in-pile retention basket experimental device under a serious accident in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the arrangement of temperature measuring points at the bottom of the retention basket in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the bottom temperature measurement point of the reactor pressure vessel in the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: the spacing or dimensions between each other are exaggerated to show the location of the various parts, and the schematic is shown only schematically.
Wherein: 1, sealing the lower end of a pressure container; 2-cooling channels; 3-a support member; 4-a retention basket; 5-refractory layer; 6, collecting a water tank; 7-a support leg; 8, a water injection tank; 9-a water injection pipe; 10-end plugs; 11-a nozzle; 12-thermite; 13-a crucible; 14-an electric heater; 15-a flow control valve; 16-outer wall surface of retention basket; 17-a detention basket temperature measuring point; 18-outer wall surface of lower end enclosure; 19-pressure vessel temperature measurement.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Example one
In a typical embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1-3, an in-pile retention basket experimental device under a serious accident comprises a water collecting tank 6, a pressure vessel lower end socket 1 is arranged in the water collecting tank, a retention basket 4 is supported at the top of the pressure vessel lower end socket 1, a crucible 13 for containing thermite is arranged at the top of the retention basket 4, and an end plug 10 is arranged at the bottom of the crucible 13; a cooling channel 2 is formed between the lower seal head 1 of the pressure vessel and the detention basket 4, and the cooling channel 2 is connected with a water injection tank 8; an electric heater 14 is arranged in the detention basket 4, and a plurality of temperature measuring points are arranged at the bottom of the pressure vessel lower end socket 1 and the detention basket 4.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the top of the collection water tank is open, a support leg 7 is arranged in the collection water tank 6, and the collection water tank 6 fixedly supports the lower seal head 1 of the pressure vessel through the support leg 7. The structure of the embodiment simulates the environment in a reactor pressure vessel, and the pressure vessel lower head 1 of the embodiment is a simulation piece for simulating the pressure vessel lower head in the reactor. In the embodiment, the sizes of experimental device equipment such as a reactor pressure vessel lower end socket 1 and a retention basket 4 are considered by utilizing a certain reduction ratio, and the reduction ratio of the experimental device is 1:10-1:2, preferably 1:10.
the top of the pressure vessel lower head 1 is provided with an opening, the top of the pressure vessel lower head is supported with a detention basket 4, and the detention basket is supported by a plurality of supporting pieces 3, and due to the existence of the supporting pieces 3, a cooling channel 2 is formed between the outer wall surface at the bottom of the detention basket 4 and the inner wall surface of the pressure vessel lower head 1.
A plurality of support pieces 3 are uniformly distributed in the cooling channel, one end of each support piece 3 is fixedly connected with the inner wall surface of the lower seal head 1 of the pressure container, and the other end of each support piece is fixedly connected with the outer wall surface 16 of the retention basket. The support 3 is curved and has an oval cross-section.
Support piece 3 is for having curved small-size bearing structure, and small-size bearing structure welds respectively at the internal face of detaining basket bottom and pressure vessel, and small-size bearing structure is less with the area of contact of pressure vessel low head internal face, can realize detaining the support of basket 4 in pressure vessel low head bottom on the one hand, and on the other hand has greatly reduced the flow resistance in cooling channel 2 because the less area of contact of arc structural design and 1 internal face of pressure vessel low head.
The inner wall surface of the retention basket is a refractory layer 5, and in order to simulate decay heat of molten core after the molten core enters the lower head 1 of the reactor pressure vessel, an electric heater 14 is further arranged in the middle position in the retention basket 4, so that heating power can be accurately controlled according to the magnitude of the decay heat. The top edge of the retaining basket 4 is used to support the crucible 13.
The crucible 13 and the detention basket 4 are coaxially arranged, a nozzle 11 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the crucible 13, the nozzle 11 points to the detention basket 4, and the end plug 10 is installed at the nozzle 11. In the test, the thermite 12 was placed in a crucible, and the initial state of the core melt was simulated by the thermite 12, and the thermite 12 was generated in the crucible 13 device at the upper part of the experimental apparatus. The temperature after the thermite reaction can be measured by infrared temperature measurement. When the thermite 12 reaches a temperature above 3000K, the bottom end plug 10 of the crucible 13 is opened and a large amount of core melt will enter the lower chamber of the pressure vessel through the nozzle 11 at the bottom of the crucible.
Through the design of detaining basket 4, can effectively deposit a large amount of melts in detaining basket 4 under the serious accident, through the high-efficient cooling of coolant in cooling channel 2 between detaining basket 4 and the pressure vessel internal face, can successfully derive the core decay heat, ensure to detain basket 4 and keep intact, also can make reactor pressure vessel keep intact.
As shown in fig. 1, in order to simulate the cooling effect of the cooling channel between the outer part of the retention basket and the inner wall surface of the pressure vessel, the size of the cooling channel 2 was designed in proportion, and cooling water was injected into one side of the cooling channel 2. The cooling water source is from the external water injection tank 8, and the water injection flow can be accurately controlled through the cooling water flow control valve 15. The water injection tank 8 of the present embodiment is provided outside the collection water tank 6 and higher than the collection water tank 6, and the water injection tank 8 is connected to the cooling passage 2 through a water injection pipe 9 having a flow control valve 15.
The top edge of the lower seal head of the pressure vessel is lower than the top edge of the retention basket, and the top edge of the retention basket is lower than the top edge of the collection water tank.
As shown in FIG. 2, the detention basket temperature measuring points 17 disposed at the bottom of the detention basket are distributed circumferentially and at the bottom edge of the detention basket outer wall surface 16. The temperature measurement is carried out by inserting thermocouples at the corresponding temperature measuring points on the outer wall surface 16 of the retention basket, and in order to reduce the influence of the thermocouple arrangement on the flow of the coolant, the thermocouples of the outer wall surface of the retention basket are arranged at the peripheral edge.
As shown in FIG. 3, the pressure vessel temperature measuring points 19 at the bottom of the pressure vessel lower head 1 are arranged in a plurality of groups of circumferential distribution, and different groups of temperature measuring points are uniformly distributed on the outer wall surface 18 of the lower head. And a temperature measuring point is also arranged at the central position of the bottom of the lower end enclosure of the pressure vessel. The temperature measurement is realized by inserting the thermocouple at the corresponding temperature measuring point on the outer wall surface of the reactor pressure vessel, and the cooling performance of the cooling channel and the lower end enclosure of the reactor pressure vessel can be measured.
During the experiment, when thermite got into to be detained the basket, outside cooling water got into the cooling channel who detains between basket and the pressure vessel internal face with passive mode, and the heat of fuse-element passes to the difficult molten layer of detaining the basket through the heat convection mode earlier, passes to the major structure (stainless steel) of detaining the basket through the mode of heat conduction by the refractory layer again, and the stainless steel intensifies the back, gives bottom cooling channel with a large amount of heat transfer. Cooling water enters the cooling channel, and a steam-water mixture flows out of the cooling channel.
The steam-water mixture flowing out of the cooling channel enters a cooling water collecting box. When the water level of the cooling water collection tank is high enough, the whole detention basket is soaked in the cooling water, which can be used to verify the cooling effect of the pool boiling outside the detention basket.
The refractory layer designed on the upper surface of the retention basket 4 of the embodiment can ensure that no interaction occurs between the melt and the retention basket. A large number of small-sized supporting structures with radian are designed at the bottom of the detention basket 4, and the flow resistance of the cooling channel is reduced by the smaller contact area between the arc design and the inner wall surface of the pressure vessel while the support is realized. The passive cooling channel at the bottom of the detention basket 4 leads decay heat to be continuously led out, and the completeness of the detention basket is ensured. The electric heater 14 is used for accurately simulating decay heat of the fusant, and the external water injection tank 8 is used for accurately injecting water to the cooling channel at the bottom of the detention basket to simulate passive water injection of the cooling channel at the bottom of the detention basket under serious accidents. The advantage of this embodiment can be through replacing working medium and experimental method verification detain the cooling effect and the performance of detaining of basket to satisfy the requirement that the melt detained in the basket under the serious accident.
Specifically, the present embodiment considers the equipment size of the experimental apparatus such as the reactor pressure vessel lower head and the retention basket by using a certain scaling ratio. The initial state of the core melt was simulated by using thermite, which was generated in a crucible device at the top of the experimental apparatus. The temperature after the thermite reaction can be measured by infrared temperature measurement. The electric heater is designed in the experimental device, and the electric heating power can be accurately controlled according to the decay heat of the fusant under serious accidents. An external cooling water source is designed in the experimental device, the water source is from an external water injection tank 8, and the water injection flow entering a cooling channel at the bottom of the detention basket can be accurately controlled through a cooling water flow control valve 15. The mixture of steam and water flows out of the cooling channel, and the cooling water enters a cooling water collecting water tank 6. Utilize the temperature measurement station of detaining 4 bottoms arrangements to obtain test parameter to can effectively verify the cooling performance and the effect of detaining the basket through experimental apparatus is whole. The test parameters are obtained by utilizing temperature measuring points arranged at the bottom of the pressure container, and the cooling effect of the cooling channel can be effectively verified through the whole experimental device.
Through the above-mentioned design of staying basket experimental apparatus, can rationally verify the cooling performance who stays the basket, ensure that the design that stays the basket derives melt decay heat under the serious accident high-efficiently, ensure that the melt is in the effective stay of staying the basket.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An in-pile retention basket experimental device under a serious accident is characterized by comprising a water collecting tank, wherein a pressure container lower end socket is arranged in the water collecting tank, a retention basket is supported at the top of the pressure container lower end socket, a crucible for containing thermite is arranged at the top of the retention basket, and an end plug is arranged at the bottom of the crucible; a cooling channel is formed between the lower end socket of the pressure vessel and the detention basket and is connected with a water injection tank; an electric heater is arranged in the detention basket, and a plurality of temperature measuring points are arranged at the lower end enclosure of the pressure vessel and the bottom of the detention basket.
2. The experimental device for the in-pile retention basket under the serious accident as claimed in claim 1, wherein supporting legs are arranged in the collection water tank, and the collection water tank fixedly supports a lower end socket of the pressure vessel through the supporting legs.
3. The experimental device for the in-pile retention basket under the severe accident as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of supporting pieces are uniformly distributed in the cooling channel, one end of each supporting piece is fixedly connected with the inner wall surface of the lower end socket of the pressure vessel, and the other end of each supporting piece is fixedly connected with the outer wall surface of the retention basket.
4. The in-pile retention basket experimental device under the serious accident as claimed in claim 3, wherein the supporting member is provided with a radian and has an oval cross section.
5. The experimental device for the in-pile retention basket under the severe accident of claim 1, wherein the inner wall surface of the retention basket is a refractory layer.
6. The experimental device for the retention basket in the reactor under the serious accident as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crucible is arranged coaxially with the retention basket, a nozzle is arranged at the central position of the bottom of the crucible, and the end plug is arranged at the nozzle.
7. The in-pile retention basket experimental device under the severe accident is characterized in that the water injection tank is arranged outside the collection water tank and is higher than the collection water tank, and the water injection tank is connected with the cooling channel through a water injection pipe with a flow control valve.
8. The in-pile retention basket experimental device under a severe accident as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top edge of the lower seal head of the pressure vessel is lower than the top edge of the retention basket, and the top edge of the retention basket is lower than the top edge of the collection water tank.
9. The in-pile retention basket experimental device under the severe accident is characterized in that the bottom of the retention basket is provided with temperature measuring points which are distributed circumferentially and distributed at the edge of the bottom of the retention basket.
10. The experimental device for the in-pile retention basket under the severe accident as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature measuring points at the bottom of the lower end enclosure of the pressure vessel are distributed in a plurality of groups of circles, and different groups of temperature measuring points are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the lower end enclosure of the pressure vessel.
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| CN202310081151.3A CN115862908B (en) | 2023-01-30 | 2023-01-30 | Experimental device for in-pile retention basket under severe accident |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310081151.3A CN115862908B (en) | 2023-01-30 | 2023-01-30 | Experimental device for in-pile retention basket under severe accident |
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| CN115862908B CN115862908B (en) | 2024-01-12 |
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